Gas 53 maximum load capacity. Refueling capacities and norms

12.08.2019

Brake system

In the period from 1961 to 1993, he put on stream the release medium duty trucks GAZ-53. The carrying capacity of the car ranged from 3 to 4.5 tons, depending on the modification. The car in question belongs to the third generation of this class. This vehicle, taking into account all the transformations, has become the most massive in serial production from the Soviet trucks. During the production period, more than four million cars were produced.

Model range (GAZ-53 F)

Until 1967, the GAZ-53 F was developed and produced. The car was equipped with a six-cylinder power unit with a four-speed gearbox. Fuel consumption was about 24 liters per hundred kilometers. The bridge assembly had bevel gears, the engine from the GAZ-11 was boosted to increase the compression of the mixture.

The considered model of the GAZ-53 car, the carrying capacity of which was 3.5 tons, was equipped with new tires and an increased base. On the basis of this machine, onboard milk carriers and so on were designed. Given the frequent failure of parts, low power and a number of design flaws, the car was not popular and was discontinued in 1967.

Series 53 and 53A

The period from 1964 to 1983 was marked by the release of the GAZ-53 and 53A models. These modifications were equipped with a more powerful power plant ZMZ-53 for 115 liters. The design provided an increase in speed up to 85 km / h with fuel consumption (l / km) - 25/100. To expand the functionality of the truck, it was provided for the arrangement of a dumping platform, a covered body, and a power removal device for a hydraulic pump.

The carrying capacity of the GAZ-53 was lower by 0.5 tons (3.5 and 4.0) than that of the 53A model. In addition, the second variation had the following advantages:

More powerful middle axle.
Structurally updated cardan.
Refined steering gear.
Updated radiator protection.
Duplicate turn signals on the roof.
New cabin heating and electric windshield wipers.

The model under consideration was marked State sign quality of the USSR.

Modification 53-12

This load capacity of which was up to 4.5 tons, was produced from 1983 to 1992. The car was equipped with a ZMZ-511 engine with a capacity of 120 horsepower, a speed maximum of 90 km / h. up to 30 liters per hundred, however, it became possible to install a gas installation for refueling with liquefied or compressed gas.

The truck is designed to transport various goods on the highway and dirt road at a temperature environment from -40 to +40 degrees Celsius. The model in question is an improved version of the 53A series. The car received an improved engine, radial-type rubber, which made it possible to increase the dynamics and passable qualities of the vehicle. Machines with gas installations issued under the indices 53-27 and 53-19.

The updated power unit was equipped with a sectional oil pump, full-flow filter elements, new cylinder heads, crankcase ventilation was carried out in a closed circuit. The axle beam, shock-absorbing and frame elements were also reinforced, exhaust toxicity decreased by almost 20 percent.

Export and upgraded variants

The carrying capacity of the GAZ-53 car, which is exported, reached 4.5 tons. Modifications of the 53-50 and 53-70 series were being sold abroad. Cars were in demand in Belgium, Finland, socialist countries. Cuba and Bulgaria had production capacity for assembling cars from kits received from the Gorky Automobile Plant.

Modernized and export series of late production were equipped with triplex forward view, contactless ignition unit, modern lighting elements, emergency sensors, hydraulic vacuum booster, brake pressure distributor on all axes.

For example, the carrying capacity with the index 02 was more than 4 tons with a capacity of five cubic meters of all-metal self-tipping body platform. The dump truck has been widely used in industry and agriculture. Thanks to structural features unloading was carried out on a convenient working side.

Technical properties

Below are the main specifications car GAZ-53, electrical diagram:

The power plant is a piston type, carburetor, four-stroke, made of aluminum alloy.
Volume (cubic cm) - 4,250.
Power (hp) - 115.
Liquid cooling.
Design - frame, two-door with left-hand drive.
Suspension unit - front (dependent, spring beam), rear (similar leaf spring).
Gearbox - mechanics, four steps.

Electrical equipment consists of the following elements:

Instruments located in the cabin.
Accumulator (75 a / h).
Starter, generator.
Postings.
Windshield wiper and heating motors.
Elements of the ignition block.

The truck's fuel tank holds 90 liters, the maximum speed is 85-90 km / h with a fuel consumption of 24 liters per hundred kilometers.

Other data

GAZ-53, maximum load capacity and other characteristics are presented below:

Length / width / height (m) - 6.4 / 2.38 / 2.22.
Wheelbase (m) - 3.7.
Track (front / rear), m - 1.63 / 1.69.
Clearance (cm) - 26.5.
The weight of the car in running order (t) is 3.25.
Gross weight - (t) - 8.25.
Maximum load capacity (t) - 4.0.
Brake system - drum type on all axes, hydraulic booster.
Clutch - disk, dry type with lever drive.
Steel wheels.

These characteristics are given for the standard GAZ-53 model. The upgraded variations have slightly higher carrying capacity, dynamics and engine resources.

Pros and cons of the entire series

The domestic truck GAZ-53, the carrying capacity of which was sufficient to perform various economic tasks, has objective advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of a car include the following:

Simplicity and reliability in service.
Ease of management.
Inexpensive and affordable service, as well as holding minor repairs in almost any conditions.
At timely replacement oil and filter resource power unit before overhaul reaches 400 thousand kilometers or more.

Among the shortcomings are the following problems:

Low service life of the brakes and clutch assembly.
Decent fuel consumption.
The unreliability of the connection of the elements of the cardan, distributor and variator.
Leaking oil seal of the rear main bearing of the motor.

Despite all the shortcomings, the truck in question can be found today on domestic roads which further confirms its popularity, especially in rural areas.

Peculiarities

Considering the period of production, the GAZ-53 looked quite modern. The car has a one-piece radiator equipment at the level of the headlights. A strong frame serves to connect most of the units and blocks of the vehicle. If necessary, the chassis could be transported without a body part and a cab.

The fuel tank is located under the driver's seat, the fuel filler is located behind the cab at the edge of the driver's door. This decision played a positive role in the transition from gasoline to gas, since the unit is mounted under the body, where most cars have a gas tank.

The car was started with an electric starter, the comfort in the cabin was supported by a heating unit and electric wipers. The seat for the driver and passenger is combined into one single "sofa". The cabin has compartments for storing tools and accessories. Instead of an oil pressure indicator and an ammeter, signal sensors appeared, as well as a clock.

Internal stuffing

The high carrying capacity of the GAZ-53 car is ensured not only by a strong frame. An important role in the dynamics and performance of the truck is played by internal systems and mechanisms.

Cylinder blocks are made of Al-4 aluminum alloy. The design is a V-shaped monoblock, which is thermally processed, has a right angle along the axes. Piston elements are cast from Al-30 type alloy. The piston itself has a round shape with guide grooves cut into the body for the rings.

Valve seats, crankshaft are made of cast iron, guide bushings are made of copper-graphite mixture. Blocks and cylinder heads are fixed to each other using threaded studs with sealing gaskets. The crankshaft is protected from axial displacement by two washers mounted on both sides of the journal support.

Timing

The timing mechanism plays its role, including the load capacity of the GAZ-53, depending on the modification. On the standard model, this is a top-mounted valve mechanism. The node includes:

Camshafts and pushers.
Gears.
Rockers and rods.
Guides for bushings and springs.

The power supply system includes a fuel tank, pipes and hoses, a mechanical pump with a diaphragm, a two-chamber carburetor, and filter elements. The oil pump contributes to the supply of oil to the rubbing parts by gravity or under pressure. Air filter - inertial type, in which the particles of contaminants are deposited in an oil bath.

The cooling system is a closed unit with a pump. The block consists of a water jacket, a pump, a radiator, a thermostat, a fan with a casing, blinds and connecting elements. Node volume - 22 liters at contact diagram ignition.

Conclusion

No matter how they scold the Soviet automotive industry, there were quite a few samples that adequately performed their functions. One of these cars was the GAZ-523, the most massive truck with various modifications. He helped farmers, industrialists, transport companies carry out the plan, was unpretentious in operation and repair. At the same time, the carrying capacity of the GAZ-53 (on-board version) is 3-3.5 tons, and more modern models and dump trucks can handle up to 4.5 tons of load.

GAZ 53 is a Soviet and Russian truck produced in large series for Gorky Automobile Plant from 1961 to 1993. The production of the machine was completed in 1997. The model is rightfully considered one of the most legendary products. Soviet car industry. The car has been in service for decades, and in some areas it is still in use today. At the same time, the Gorky Automobile Plant continues to produce components and spare parts for the GAZ 53.

The model represents the third generation of medium-duty trucks of the enterprise and is the most popular product of its class in the USSR. A total of 4 million GAZ 53s were produced in classic, specialized and dump truck modifications.

The car was operated not only in the USSR, but also in other countries. GAZ 53 was exported to Poland, Cuba, East Germany, Vietnam, Finland, Bulgaria, Laos, Hungary, Mongolia, Romania, North Korea and other countries. Versions for of Eastern Europe also collected in Bulgaria. All this made GAZ 53 incredibly popular in many countries of the world.

In the late 1950s, work began at the Gorky Automobile Plant on the creation of a line of fundamentally new third-generation cars. For most elements and nodes, they were unified. GAZ 56, GAZ 62, GAZ 66 and GAZ 52 were advanced versions and were supposed to replace existing models. At the same time, the GAZ 52 was considered as an alternative to the obsolete GAZ 51. It was supposed to be used for deliveries on urban and rural roads, therefore high demands were made on the car in terms of smoothness, maneuverability and cross-country ability. In the mid-1950s, specialists from the Gorky Automobile Plant created several variations of the GAZ 51 with modified plumage and hood, but in mass production they were not launched. The solutions used in these models were subsequently applied to the GAZ 52.

In the early 1960s, the designers of the Gorky Automobile Plant presented a prototype GAZ 52G with a high payload. It was intended for paved roads. On bad roads the engine power was not enough, and the frame fell into disrepair rather quickly. model due significant shortcomings the series was not launched, but it served as a pretext for the creation of more powerful units for trucks. As a result, there appeared new engine GAZ 13, which made it possible to increase the carrying capacity of the car up to 4 tons. The design of the machine had to be finalized by changing the dimensions of the onboard platform, strengthening the suspension and frame, and changing the transmission scheme. The GAZ 52 model was converted into the GAZ 52A, but taking into account large-scale changes and an increase in carrying capacity, it was decided to assign the GAZ 53 index to it.

Initially, the novelty was equipped with a forced engine from the GAZ 51A, since the enterprise's capacity was not enough for the production advanced motors. Also, GAZ 53 was equipped with a cab from GAZ 52 and an extended chassis, rear axle and gearbox from GAZ 51A.

In 1964, the production of a version with a V-shaped unit ZMZ-53, a new lining and a hypoid rear axle began. It had a carrying capacity of 3 tons and was discontinued a year later. Its place was taken by a modification of the GAZ 53A with a reinforced front suspension and increased load capacity. It was produced until 1983 in the performance of the chassis and flatbed truck.

In 1966, the Gorky Automobile Plant launched the production of GAZ 53N for Soviet army. The model differed from the basic variation by the presence of a starting heater, special equipment (anti-skid chains, a heat-insulating cover for the radiator, saws, a tow rope, an ax and a shovel) and an additional fuel tank.

In 1973, an interesting change appeared in the appearance of all versions of the GAZ 53 - turn signal repeaters. Later car received the Quality Mark, which was installed on the lining between the sidelight and the headlight.

In 1978, stampings appeared on the roof of the GAZ 53, a blue tint was added to the gamut of colors. After another 4 years, the Quality Mark disappeared from the cladding.

In 1983 the car was subjected to deep modernization. Many elements were revised: the engine design was changed, the suspension, frame, springs were strengthened, the carrying capacity increased to 4.5 tons. The novelty outwardly did not differ from GAZ 53A, but was called GAZ 53-12.

In the spring of 1984, the car got a simplified bumper without a stamped top lining. Updates also affected the cladding. The modified GAZ 53 began to be painted in light gray or protective color.

After 2 years, the truck received new optics - FP130 rear lights and PF130 two-color combined sidelights. Other elements have also been changed. The model has alarm, new brake cylinder, improved dashboard with additional indicators contactless system ignition, separate brake circuits and hydraulic vacuum brake boosters.

Since 1986, all versions of GAZ began to install increased panoramic mirrors enclosed in a black plastic case.

By the end of the 1980s, the popularity of the GAZ 53 began to decline rapidly. The collapse of the USSR significantly complicated the situation. After him, the model did not last long on the assembly line - until 1993. The car was made in small batches, but there were fewer orders for it. In 1999, the production of the truck was completely completed.

GAZ 53 was offered in various modifications:

GAZ-53F - onboard version or chassis with an 82-horsepower unit and a rear axle from GAZ 51;
GAZ 53 - basic modification with motor ZMZ 53;
GAZ 53A - an improved variation of a flatbed truck with an increased carrying capacity;
GAZ 53B - dump truck;
GAZ 53N - army version of GAZ 53A with starting preheater, additional equipment and second fuel tank per 100 l;
GAZ 53-02 - chassis for a dump truck;
GAZ 53-05 - truck tractor(produced in small batches);
GAZ 53-40 - an elongated version of the GAZ 53A with plumage. Used as a base for KAvZ buses 685 and special bodies;
GAZ 53-50 - export version for tropical zones;
GAZ 53-70 - export version for temperate zones;
GAZ 53-12 - modernized basic version with a load capacity of 4.5 tons and a 120-horsepower ZMZ 511 unit;
GAZ 53-19 - a hybrid modification that runs on liquefied gas;
GAZ 53-27 is a hybrid variation operating on compressed natural gas.

There were also several special versions:

MPR 9924 - mobile repair shop;
AL 18 (52-01) -L2 - a ladder, the production of which was carried out at the Torzhok plant. The car was used to transport personnel (2 people), extinguish fires, perform rescue work.

The main scope of GAZ 53 was construction. Large volumes of bulk materials were placed in the back of the car. Their protection from rain and bad weather conditions provided a tarp. Special versions With preheating motors were used in the military sphere, and later for the transportation of goods along regional and urban routes. GAZ 53 was used for transportation to long distances, but due to limited capacity, the route was quite expensive.

Not only bulk materials were transported by car. At agricultural enterprises, he transported packaged products. By the mid-1970s, the GAZ 53 "rolled" almost half of the economy of the USSR and was used in various fields. Simplicity of design, unpretentiousness and cheapness made the model so popular that it accounted for 80% of the fleet of all Soviet collective farms. Until 1990, the car was deservedly considered the best in its class.

Specifications

Dimensions:

length - 6395 mm;
width - 2020 mm;
height - 2220 mm;
wheelbase - 3700 mm;
ground clearance - 265 mm;
front track - 1630 mm;
rear track - 1690 mm;
the minimum turning radius is 8000 mm.

Platform dimensions:

length - 3740 mm;
width - 2170 mm;
board height - 680 mm.

Weight characteristics:

curb weight - 3200 kg;
load capacity - 4500 kg;
gross weight - 8250 kg.

Average fuel consumption at a speed of 40 km/h is 24 l/100 km. Fuel tank capacity - 90 l. GAZ 53 is capable of accelerating to 90 km / h.

The cabin of the car can accommodate 2 people. The truck could operate at temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees.

Engine

GAZ 53 was equipped with various engines. On the first modifications, 6-cylinder GAZ 11 units were installed. They differed high flow fuel (up to 25 l / 100 km) and simplicity of design. The engine power (82 hp) was not enough for the truck.

The GAZ 11 engine was replaced by the ZMZ 53 unit. Most versions of the GAZ 53 were equipped with it. The engine had a cast cylinder block and a classic V-shaped monoblock design. Cast iron sleeves and block cavities formed the water cooling jacket of the unit. piston group cast from aluminum alloy, block heads from Al-4 alloy. The crankshaft was made of cast iron. He is in without fail passed static and dynamic balancing. The engine received a K-126 carburetor and contact system ignition. For the motor, a closed fluid system water pump cooling.

Motor characteristics ZMZ 53:

working volume - 4.25 l;
rated power - 115 hp;
maximum torque - 284.5 Nm;
number of cylinders - 8;
compression ratio - 7.6.

The upgraded ZMZ 53-11 unit was installed on the third modification of the GAZ 53, which differs from its predecessor in a sectional oil pump, a closed crankcase ventilation circuit and a full-flow filter element.

Motor characteristics ZMZ 53-11:

working volume - 4.25 l;
rated power - 120 hp

Device

GAZ 53 got tough reinforced frame with 7 cross beams. In its front part, by means of 2 longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, a forged steel front axle was attached. At the ends, knuckles with trunnions were attached, to which, with the help of conical roller bearings wheel hubs were attached. The front suspension also included telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers.

At the rear, the frame rested on the drive axle beam by means of 2 longitudinal semi-elliptical springs mounted on rubber pads. Rear suspension received additional springs, springs, fixed together with the main springs on the platforms of the semi-axial sleeves. Also in the rear was a towing device, supplemented by a rubber element. A spare tire was attached to the left side of the frame on a bracket.

The advantage of the car was its high resistance to long work V extreme conditions. A durable undercarriage with a huge resource of work could serve for many years. The quality of the metal of the GAZ 53 modifications produced in the 1980s is the best in history. On the latest versions, the metal was worse and corroded more. With intensive use, the undercarriage and truck body served 12-15 years.

A 3-way 4-speed gearbox with constant mesh gears at 2 and 3 speeds was chosen as the transmission. The inclusion of 2 gears was carried out by a clutch, 3 and 4 - by a synchronizer. The rear drive axle included a differential, main gear and axle shafts mounted in a cast iron crankcase. main gear received hypoid gearing, making the move smoother. Leading axle shafts were completely unloaded. On GAZ 53, a dry single-plate clutch was installed with mechanical drive inclusions from the pedal in the floor and springs located peripherally. The cardan gear was open type with needle bearing cardans. Clutch was considered weak point truck and regularly broke down.

The steering mechanism was a pair of globoid worm and a three-ridge roller, rotated on needle bearings. The steering gear housing was attached to the left frame beam by means of bolts and nuts. Lubricators were used to lubricate the articulations.

The GAZ 53 model used drum brakes on the front and rear wheels. The brake drive was hydraulic foot with a hydraulic vacuum booster. Hand brake had a drum type and was installed on the driven shaft of the gearbox. The brake system had a short service life and was usually replaced first.

The truck used a single-wire wiring system with a voltage of 6 V and a negative terminal connection to ground. On the basic models, a 6-ST-68-EM battery and a G130-G generator were used.

GAZ 53 was equipped with a comfortable closed-type cab with 2 seats and a convenient location of indicators and controls. Powerful light and good visibility facilitated the driving process. Compared to modern models the cab of the truck looked like a "dinosaur", but for that period it looked very decent. Unlike its predecessor, the GAZ 53 interior has become much larger and more comfortable. On a shared sofa seat faux leather could even accommodate 3 people. Enlarged interior allowed to install additional sound insulation, insulation or decoration. The controls were located immediately in front of the driver. In the cabin there were special places for tools, papers and other things. Instead of an ammeter and an oil pressure indicator on the instrument panel appeared signal lamps. A clock was also installed in the cabin.

The car was equipped with a large all-metal body platform. A special mechanism made it possible to perform mechanical unloading on one side (for dumping). In this case, the towing and coupling devices were moved to the side of the frame.

According to the characteristics of the GAZ 53, it is significantly inferior to modern analogues. However, the simplicity of design, low cost and ability to withstand heavy loads make its use economically justified, because some versions of the car continue to be used at the present time.

The price of a new and used GAZ 53

The release of GAZ 53 ended quite a long time ago - almost 20 years ago. However, on the roads of Russia, the CIS countries and in the used car market this model is still found. The cost of the truck is determined technical condition and modification. The average price tag varies from 35,000 to 170,000 rubles. Versions in good condition will cost 200,000-230,000 rubles. At the same time, there will be no difficulties with spare parts for the car, since there are a lot of them on the secondary market.

Introduction……………………………………………………………………..

1.General information …………………………………………………………..

2. Tactical technical characteristics of the car Gas - 53A…………

3. Main parameters and transmission scheme of the car Gas - 53A ... ... ..

3.1. The purpose of the transmission and its general data …………………………

3.2. Rear axle………………………………………………………………

4. Settlement part……………………………………………………………

4.1 Traction calculations and dynamic characteristics………………………

4.2 Calculation of the power balance, base machines during straight-line movement on a horizontal section of the track in a straight (high) gear…………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………

Bibliography……………………………………………………………

Introduction

One of the most common cars in Russia, the GAZ-53, can still be found on the streets of our cities. What kind of work this truck did not perform, the car found application in various areas of the national economy of the country. Based on it, they built utility vehicles, and fire trucks, and agricultural machinery and much more.

The GAZ-53 car has been produced by the Gorky Automobile Plant since 1964. The body is an all-metal platform with an opening tailgate. Installation of an awning on five arcs is provided. The cabin is double all-metal, equipped with a suspended berth, located above the engine. The car GAZ - 53 is rear-wheel drive with a four-speed gearbox. The vehicles are designed to transport passengers and cargo on all types of roads and terrain and are designed for operation at ambient temperatures from minus 45 to plus 40 0 C. On the basis of the Gaz-53 car, a light-type tank truck FTs-30 was built, designed to extinguish fires with water from a tank or from an external water source, with air-mechanical foam using an exported foam concentrate or with its intake from an external container, as well as for delivering combat crew, fire equipment and technical equipment, water and a foam concentrate to the fire site. Units armed with tank trucks are capable of supplying water and air-mechanical foam of various ratios for extinguishing fires without installation and with the installation of machines on water sources, they can carry out the supply of water from remote water sources, take it from water sources with poor access roads using hydraulic elevators and supply it to extinguishing fires; pump water from remote sources in cooperation with other units on the main fire engines.

General information.

Lung car type. A tank with a capacity of 2000 liters is placed in the back of a fire truck. The pump room is made in the stern of the car and it contains the control panel, taps, valves and the PN-30 pumping unit itself. In the side compartments of the body is placed fire-technical equipment. The combat crew of the tank truck is 2 people.

Tactical technical characteristics of the car GAZ-53A

dimensions

Gross weight, kg 7400

On the front axle 1810

On rear axle 5590

Load capacity, kg 4000

The greatest weight of the towed trailer with cargo, kg 4000

Vehicle curb weight

(without additional equipment), kg 3250

Vehicle overall dimensions, mm

Width 2380

Height (in cab without load) 2220

Height (on an awning without loading) 2220

Vehicle base, mm 3700

Top speed car with full load

without a trailer (on a horizontal stretch of road with

improved coating), km/h 80-86

Front wheel track (on the ground), mm 1630

Rear wheel track (on the ground), mm 1690

The lowest points of the car (with full load), mm

Drive axle housings 265

Front axle 347

Fig 1. Overall dimensions.

Engine.

Today, there are many types of engines such as:

1. Electric motors (which convert the electrical energy stored in the batteries into the mechanical energy of the rotation of the engine rotor, which in turn transfers the energy of rotation to the wheels).

2. Steam.

3. ICE (in which the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into mechanical work).

Gasoline (where the working mixture of air and gasoline is prepared in the carburetor or injected into the manifold using injectors)

Diesel (injection is made by a nozzle into the air compressed by the pistons)

Gas Engines (Liquefied Gas)

Internal combustion engines have become more widespread due to autonomy and more content energy in fuel.

In my term paper presented: carburetor internal combustion engine

Number of cylinders and their arrangement 8, V-shaped

Cylinder diameter, mm 92

Piston stroke, mm 80

The working volume of the cylinder, l 4.25

Compression ratio (Average) 6.7

Max Power(limited by regulator)

at 3200 rpm, hp kW 115 (84.6)

Maximum torque 2000-2500 rpm, kgm 29 (284.4 N m)

Carburetor K - 126B, two-chamber,

balanced, falling

Air filter

contact filter

element

Engine cooling Liquid, forced,

With centrifugal pump. IN

cooling system available

thermostat installed in

outlet

Chassis

In order to avoid increased tire wear, you should not brake the car sharply, allow it to be overloaded, jerk and slip the wheels when starting off and shift from low gears to higher ones.

The load must be placed evenly over the entire area of the platform. Heavy, but small in overall dimensions, load should be placed closer to the cab.

Tires Low pressure 8.25-20 or type P

(the pressure in them should be: on

front wheels 5 kg/cm⅔,

on the rear 6 kg/cm⅔,).

Tire size 240-508.

Refueling tanks and norms

Fuel tanks (capacity), l 90

Engine cooling system, l

With starting heating 23

Without starting heating 21.5

Engine lubrication system, l 8.0

Air filter, l 0,55

Transmission housing, l 3.0

Rear axle housing, l 8.2

Carter of the steering mechanism, l 0,5

Shock absorbers (each separately), l 0.41

Hydraulic foot drive system

GAZ 53 is a medium-duty truck manufactured during the Soviet period by the Gorky Automobile Plant. The first copies of this model rolled off the assembly line in 1961. The production of equipment was finally completed in 1993. GAZ 53 became the third generation of medium-duty vehicles of the Gorky Automobile Plant. Its predecessors were GAZ AA and GAZ 51. The model was mass-produced with different indexes:

GAZ 53F - from 1961 to 1967;
GAZ 53A - from 1965 to 1983;
GAZ 53-12 - from 1983 to 1993.

In the territory former USSR GAZ 53 (along with its various modifications) is the most massive truck. In total, more than 4 million units of this equipment were produced.

The car was equipped with a unified cab. Depending on the facing, three main variations were distinguished:

the classic version, similar to the ZIL 130 cladding. Sidelights at the bottom, headlights at the top. This type cladding was present on the first GAZ 53 models;
sidelights above the headlights at the top and facing with a "smile". The model has been produced since 1965;
elongated grille holes and sidelights shifted to the edge. The version has been used for GAZ 53 models since 1984.

Video review

Subsequently, the combined two-lamp sidelights of an improved type appeared on the car. Gorky Automobile Plant offered various modifications of the model:

classic GAZ 53 (release lasted only 1.5 years). Version with a 115-horsepower ZMZ-53 engine;
GAZ 53A - an improved version of the classic model;
GAZ 53A-016 - military version with an additional fuel tank, new equipment and a preheater;
GAZ 53B-02 - chassis for a dump truck;
GAZ 53-05 - a truck tractor that was not mass-produced;
GAZ 53-40 - extended chassis without cab;
GAZ 53-50 - a model for states with a tropical climate;
GAZ 53-12 - a modernized basic variation with a 120-horsepower ZMZ-511 engine and increased payload;
GAZ 53-27 is a version that runs on compressed natural gas.

The high popularity of the model provided affordable price, which allowed to perform a solid tuning for the remaining funds. Due to the reliability and maintainability, the period of operation of the car remained quite large. At the same time, the repair of the machine could be carried out in the field, and spare parts for the GAZ 53 were always present in large quantities and were of low cost. With normal maintenance, the truck engine traveled 400,000 km before the first overhaul.

GAZ 53 was exported to most of the states of the socialist camp: Mongolia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Finland, the GDR and Hungary. However, in the early 90s, the history of the car ended. It was replaced by a more advanced model GAZ 3307. However, GAZ 53 can still be found on the roads of Russia and the countries of the former USSR.

Specifications

Vehicle dimensions:

length - 6395 mm;
width - 2280 mm;
height - 2190 mm;
ground clearance - 265 mm;
wheelbase - 3700 mm;
front track - 1630 mm.

The curb weight of the model is 3200 kg, the load capacity is 4500 kg. At the same time, GAZ 53 can accelerate with a full load to a speed of 90 km / h.

Fuel consumption

The fuel tank of the model holds 90 liters of fuel. According to factory data, a truck per 100 km at a speed of 40 km / h should consume about 24 liters of fuel. However, in reality, such an indicator can be achieved extremely rarely. Probably, this calculation took into account the fact that the car is rolling and without loading, and the weather is warm and dry. The average fuel consumption under normal conditions is 27 liters. Taking into account the load, the indicator can increase to 30-32 liters.

Engine

In different periods, GAZ 53 was completed various types aggregates.

The debut models (until 1967) were equipped with a 6-cylinder GAZ 11 engine. This motor produced a power of 82 hp. and accelerated the car to 74 km / h.

After the first modernization (1964-1983), GAZ 53 received a 6-cylinder motor ZMZ 53 (rated power - 115 hp). This made it possible to increase top speed movement and load capacity.

Video - engine assembly

In 1983-1992, GAZ 53 was equipped with an 8-cylinder power plant GAZ 53-12 (120 hp).

Around the same period, the Gorky Automobile Plant produced modifications with other engines:

diesel ZMZ 511 (105 hp);
carburetor diesel MMZ D-245. This 4-stroke V-shaped 8-cylinder unit was more economical and high performance. Its working volume was 4.25 liters, rated power - 125 hp. The engine cylinder diameter was 92 mm.

Photo

gas-53

Device

For its time, the GAZ 53 looked very modern. The model had a one-piece radiator lining flush with the headlights. The car was equipped with a frame with great strength. The frame was the connecting link of the units and components of the car. If desired, the chassis could move without a body and without a cab.

The gas tank of the model was located under the driver's seat, the filler neck was behind the cab at the edge driver's door. When switching to gas fuel this decision turned out to be especially convenient, since the cylinder was installed under the body, where the rest of the trucks usually had a gas tank.

The start of the car was quite modern for the period. The electric starter started the engine. There were electric windshield wipers and heating system maintaining a comfortable atmosphere in the cabin.

The model was equipped with a 2-door all-metal cab. The passenger and driver's seats were made as a whole (one backrest and a common seat). Sitting in the cockpit was comfortable. If desired, three people could easily fit in the seats. The cabin had special places for spare parts, tools and other things. The instrument panel did not have an oil pressure indicator and an ammeter. They were replaced by signal lamps. A clock also appeared in the cockpit.

GAZ 53 had a dry clutch with hydraulic drive with one driven and one leading clutch disc. Management was carried out through a 5-speed manual transmission (4 front and 1 reverse speed). Gear shifting was done through double release.

Part brake system the truck included 2 separate circuits (on the rear and front wheels). Parking brake was mechanical type with drum mechanism.

The electrical equipment of the model included:

instrument cluster in the cabin;
battery for 75 a / h;
starter;
generator;
automotive wiring;
heating system motor;
wiper motor;
elements of the ignition system.

Due to the simplicity of the design, even novice drivers could figure out the wires in the truck.

Among the shortcomings of the GAZ 53 seasoned car enthusiasts distinguished:

a small clutch resource, which subsequently complicated smooth movement;
weak springs of the model, which quickly fail when driving with a load on bad roads;
problems with cardan shaft(loose nuts);
electrical troubles.

Used GAZ-53 price

The stoppage of production practically did not affect the functioning of the truck. In the domestic car market, GAZ 53 is still present in large numbers. Moreover, you can buy a model for relatively small cost. So, the onboard version of 1985-1990 (poor condition) will cost 50-120 thousand rubles. Versions on the go will cost about 200-250 thousand rubles.

Renting a GAZ 53 is not so easy. An hour of renting a model is estimated at 600-800 rubles.

Analogues

The analogues of the GAZ 53 car include the more advanced GAZ 3307 and GAZ 66.

GAZ 53 has been produced for more than thirty years and has gained immense popularity among the population of our country. Since the beginning of production, the model has been constantly upgraded, and the latest basic model GAZ 53 12 is considered, the production of which has been carried out since 1983.

Classic GAZ 53 early modification

It is one of the most famous and popular Soviet trucks. It belongs to the family of the 3rd generation of medium-duty trucks. Produced since 1959 (serial production since 1961) and until the beginning of 1993 at the Gorky Automobile Plant. With its modifications, it was the most massive truck in the USSR. The total number of produced cars is more than 4 million.

In October 1961, the 3.5-ton GAZ-53F, 82 hp, began to be produced. In July 1964, in fact, the GAZ-53 itself began to be produced - a 4-ton truck with a V-shaped 8-cylinder, 115 hp. In 1965, the name changed to GAZ-53A.

This model was produced in various modifications for many years until 1983. For, for buses - GAZ-53-40, specialized vehicles used the GAZ-53-11 chassis.

Since 1983, the GAZ-53-12 model has been released. The radiator became a different cladding, appeared new head cylinder, the running gear has also undergone changes. The carrying capacity has become 4.5 tons.

In 1990 appeared. This is where the history of the GAZ-53 ended, but quite a few of these vehicles are still in use today.

Interior and exterior of GAZ-53

The GAZ-53 looked very modern for its time. A one-piece radiator lining was made flush with the headlights. The frame was very durable. The gas tank is located under the driver's seat. Filler neck was at the edge of the driver's door, behind the cab.

When converting to gas fuel, this circumstance turned out to be very convenient, since the gas cylinder could be installed under the body, while other trucks had a gas tank there.

Starting technology was modern at that time - an electric starter with a retractor relay, there was a good heating system and electric windshield wipers.

The driver and passenger seats were made as one piece. But, nevertheless, it was comfortable to sit in the cockpit even in winter in warm clothes. There are places for tools, spare parts and other necessary things.

Vehicle export

GAZ-53 was exported to the countries of the socialist camp: Poland, the GDR, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Vietnam, Mongolia, and also to Finland. From 1983 to 1991, the GAZ-53-12 was assembled by the Bulgarian company Madara.

Trucks of this assembly had a diesel own production, which was produced under license from Perkins (England).

Specifications

The truck has rear drive wheels and frame structure. The GAZ 53 12 is equipped with an eight-cylinder gasoline engine as standard. internal combustion, with a V-shaped arrangement of cylinders.

Dimensions and performance

GAZ 53 has a curb weight of 3.2 tons, gross weight - 7.85 tons.

The car is designed for a load capacity of 4.5 tons, but in reality it is often overloaded, which makes it necessary to repair or change the springs. The carrying capacity of 4.5 tons appeared only in the GAZ 53 12 model, the first GAZ 53F cars were generally three tons.

Dimensions

Length - 6.4 m;
Width - 2.4 m;
Height (taken by the cab, car without cargo) 2.2 m.

The truck is designed for the maximum allowable constant speed up to 90 km / h, although in reality it can go at a higher speed (110 km / h), but in an unloaded state.

Wheel specifications

According to factory data, GAZ 53 should spend on flat road at a speed of 40 km / h 24 liters per 100 kilometers. But, apparently, the fact that the car is not loaded, the weather is dry and warm, the car is rolling is taken into account. In reality, it is almost impossible to achieve such an indicator, at least the GAZonchik consumes 27 liters. Depending on the loaded state, the flow rate can increase up to 30 liters.

General characteristics

GAZ-53 is equipped with a 120 hp / 3200 rpm engine;
V-shaped 8-cylinder, carbureted, 4-stroke, with a volume of 4254 cc;
With bore/stroke 92/80 mm;
Gearbox : 4+1 back;
With a length of 6395 mm, a width of 2280 mm, a height of 2190 mm, a base of 3700 m;
Curb weight 3200 kg;
Load capacity 4500 kg;
Tank capacity 90 l.

Refueling tanks

Cabin and chassis

All-metal, two-door, designed for two passengers. But passenger seat very wide, and if desired, three people, including the driver, can fit in the cab. The seats in the cabin are solid, not divided by the number of seats. That is, there is one common "seat" and one back.

The chassis design is frame, and the cabin and body are attached to it. The body may be different:

onboard;
Van;
Dump;
Special Purpose.

Cabin from the car GAZ 53

The frame is the connecting link of all components and assemblies of the car, therefore, if desired, the chassis can move independently even without a cab and a body.

Engine

The GAZ 53 car was equipped with only two types of gasoline engine. But the six-cylinder engine, which was installed on the car at the very beginning of production, was only on the GAZ 53F model, and it was produced until 1967. After that, only an 8-cylinder ICE with a volume of 4.25 liters was installed on the "lawn".

The motor only changed the index over time and minor upgrades were carried out, the design itself remained unchanged.

Overhead valves, aluminum block and cylinder heads in the sixties of the last century were an innovation, fresh engineering solution. A similar engine design exists to this day - it only changed the volume of cylinders and added small technical details.

The engine on the GAZ-53-12 is the ZMZ-53, an overhead valve with an aluminum block and cylinder head. The distributor and ignition coil often failed due to design flaws. Before the overhaul, the car managed to cover 400 thousand kilometers. The motor was not particularly economical. To somehow fix this, instead of a single-chamber carburetor, they later began to use a two-chamber one.

GAZ-53 is equipped with a spring dependent suspension. Telescopic shock absorbers are installed on the front suspension. The steering wheel does not have a hydraulic booster, which is why only physically strong people could drive such a car. To shift gears, you need to apply a double clutch release. Part driveline 2 shafts are included, which are interconnected using Hooke's hinges.

Despite some shortcomings, the GAZ-53 was notable for its simplicity of design and suitability for repair, and there were always enough spare parts for this car.

An example is the ZMZ 5234 motor installed on the PAZ bus.

Characteristics of ZMZ 53

Type - 4-stroke;
Number of cylinders - 8;
Compression ratio - 7.6;
Type of gasoline used - A-76;
Piston diameter ( standard size) - 92 mm;
Piston stroke - 80 mm;
The diameter of the main journals of the crankshaft ¬– 70 mm;
The diameter of the connecting rod journals of the crankshaft is 60 mm;
Cylinder volume - 4.25 l;
Power, nominal value - 115 liters. With.

The engine is liquid cooled. IN Soviet times water was almost always used as a coolant, and antifreeze or antifreeze on trucks did not apply. In frost, after a shift, I had to drain the water from the radiator, and the next day I had to run around with buckets in the morning. On the other hand, hot water was poured, and therefore the motor quickly started in any cold.

Since the engine has two rows of 4 cylinders, there are also two cylinder heads (cylinder heads). The ZMZ 53 block is cast from aluminum, and the cylinder head is made of the same metal. Between the heads is a massive intake manifold, a carburetor is installed in the center of the manifold.

The first GAZ 53 models had a K126B carburetor, then it was replaced with K135 (later K135M).

The direction of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine is right, however, like all automobile internal combustion engines. Cylinder operation order 15426378, non-contact electronic ignition, with commutator amplification of the spark on the spark plugs. The first models of the "lawn" (GAZ 53F and partially GAZ 53A) had a contact system.