Vehicle safety. Technical condition of vehicles Requirements for the technical condition of the vehicle

19.06.2019

font size

LABOR SAFETY RULES DURING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES ON PNEUMATIC WHEELS IN... Relevant in 2018

2.2. Basic requirements for the technical condition of vehicles

2.2.1. The technical condition of the engine must ensure reliable and economical operation in all operating modes. The content of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases or their opacity must not exceed the established standards.

2.2.2. The braking system must match the design of the vehicle. It is not allowed to use brake cylinders and valves, drums, discs and linings, liquids, pipelines and hoses, brake system controls, air distributors, adjusting units that are not provided for this vehicle model.

It is forbidden to operate vehicles if the pressure gauge of the pneumatic brake system does not work, the lever (handle) of the parking brake is not held by the locking device, the tightness of the brake drive is broken.

The brakes must provide a smooth and reliable stop for the time and length of the braking distance, established by the Rules traffic and manufacturer's instructions.

2.2.3. Steering and its mechanisms must correspond to the design of this vehicle. They should not show signs of permanent deformation, cracks or other defects. Threaded connections must be tightened and securely fastened.

It is forbidden to operate vehicles if the power steering provided by the design is faulty or missing. The working fluids provided for this vehicle model must be used.

2.2.4. Transmission units must provide smooth transmission(without increased noise, knocks and jerks) of torque from the engine to the drive wheels at the load and speed allowed for this vehicle.

2.2.5. External lighting devices, lamps, diffusers and retroreflectors, their type, location and number must correspond to the design of the machine; headlights must be adjusted.

2.2.6. Windshield washers and wipers windshield must be in good condition. The maximum frequency of movement of the brushes on wet glass must be at least 35 double strokes per minute.

2.2.7. Technical condition of the running gear (front axle, rear axle, frame, suspension), other constituent parts vehicles must ensure the reliability of the machine.

2.2.8. The condition of tires and wheels must ensure the reliability and safety of movement at a set speed and ease of control. Tires in size and load capacity must match the model of the vehicle. The residual height of the tread pattern of passenger car tires must be 1.6 mm, trucks, trailers and semi-trailers - 1.0 mm, motorcycles and scooters - 0.8 mm, buses - 2 mm.

It is forbidden to use tires:

with local damage exposing the cord;

with carcass delamination or tread and sidewall delamination;

if one axle of a truck or trailer is fitted with diagonal tires together with radial or tires with different tread patterns;

with objects stuck between the twin tires.

Do not use the wheel if there are cracks in the disc or rim.

2.2.9. The electrical equipment of vehicles must ensure reliable start-up and operation of the engine, trouble-free operation of lighting, signaling and electrical control devices.

2.2.10. rolling stock intra-object transport, its units and components must be constantly maintained in good condition by timely maintenance and repair.

cars, road trains, trailers, tractors, motorcycles and other vehicles, if their technical condition and equipment do not meet the requirements of these Rules and do not comply with the Basic Provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation and duties officials on ensuring road safety (Decree of the Council of Ministers - Government Russian Federation dated 10.23.1993 N 1090) and GOST R 51709;

vehicles subject to registration with the traffic police, which have not passed the state technical inspection, as well as re-equipped without an appropriate permit;

vehicles subject to registration with the traffic police, equipped without the permission of the state inspection for road safety flashing beacons and special sound signals printed on side surface body, without coordination with the traffic police, an inclined white stripe, without reinforced on designated places registration plates that have hidden, fake, changed numbers of units and assemblies or registration plates;

vehicles without a rear-view mirror, glass, sound signal;

if the locks of the cabin or body doors provided for by the design, the locks of the sides do not work cargo platform, constipation of the necks of tanks;

if there are no fuel tank caps, mud aprons or mudguards;

if the towing and supporting coupling devices of the tractor or trailer are faulty, and the safety cables (chains) provided for by the design are missing or faulty.

2.2.12. Freight flatbed vehicles intended for the carriage of people must be equipped with seats attached to the body 15 cm below the upper edge of the side. The rear seats and those located along the sides must have strong backrests at least 30 cm high. Side locks must be securely fastened.

Trucks for the transport of people must be equipped with an awning, stairs for getting on and off people, as well as lighting inside the body. There should be a senior in the car body who observes the behavior of passengers, his last name should be recorded in waybill. On the wall of the cab facing the body of the vehicle for transporting people, there should be inscriptions "Do not stand in the back!", "Do not sit on the sides!".

2.2.13. Before boarding passengers on a truck equipped for the transport of people, the driver is obliged to instruct passengers on the procedure for boarding and disembarking. Embarkation and disembarkation of people should be carried out only on specially installed and equipped sites.

GOST R 51709-2001. Vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods

STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Vehicles
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO THE TECHNICAL CONDITION AND METHODS OF VERIFICATION
GOST R 51709-2001

Introduction date 2002.01.01

1 area of use.

This standard applies to cars, buses, trucks, trailers and semi-trailers (hereinafter referred to as motor vehicles) operated on roads.

The standard states:

safety requirements for the technical condition of motor vehicles (ATS);

maximum permissible values of the parameters of the technical condition of the vehicle that affect road safety and the state of the environment;

methods for checking the technical condition of automatic telephone exchanges in operation.

The standard does not apply to vehicles, the maximum speed of which, set by the manufacturer, does not exceed 25 km / h, and to off-road vehicles.

Requirements 4.1.1-4.1.7, 4.1.13, 4.1.19, 4.1.21 do not apply to heavy trucks.

The standard should be applied when checking the technical condition of operated automatic telephone exchanges according to safety criteria.

The requirements of the standard are mandatory and are aimed at ensuring road safety, life and health of people, safety of their property and environmental protection.

The technical condition of the automatic telephone exchange may be subject to additional requirements established by the relevant regulatory documents.

Registered vehicles, in the design of which (including the design of components and items of additional equipment) there have been changes that affect road safety, are checked in accordance with the procedures approved in the prescribed manner.

GOST 17.2.2.03-87 Nature protection. Atmosphere, Standards and methods for measuring the content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of vehicles with gasoline engines. Safety requirements.
GOST R 17.2.02.06-99 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Norms and methods for measuring the content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of gas-balloon vehicles.
GOST 5727-88 Safety glass for land transport. General specifications.
GOST 8769-75 External lighting devices for vehicles, buses, trolleybuses, tractors, trailers and semi-trailers. Quantity, location, color, visibility angles.
GOST 9921-81 Manual tire pressure gauges. General specifications.
GOST 21393-75 Vehicles with diesel engines. Exhaust smoke. Norms and methods of measurements. Safety requirements.
GOST 27902-88 Safety glass for cars, tractors and agricultural machines. Determination of optical properties.
GOST R 50574-93 Automobiles, buses and motorcycles of special and operational services. Color schemes, identification marks, inscriptions, special light and sound signals. General requirements.
GOST R 50577-93 Signs of state registration vehicles. Types and basic dimensions. Technical requirements.
GOST R 51253-99 Vehicles. Color graphic schemes for the placement of reflective markings. Technical requirements.

3. Definitions.

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 road train:

3.2 anti-lock brake system:

3.3 :

3.4 delay time of the brake system:

3.5 deceleration rise time:

3.6 auxiliary braking system:

3.7 rear guard:

3.8 spare brake system:

3.9 good condition of automatic telephone exchange:

3.10 change in the design of the automatic telephone exchange:

3.12 rearview mirror class:

The class of the mirror is indicated on the markings on the certified rear-view mirrors in Roman numerals.

3.13 wheel brakes mechanisms: Devices designed to create artificial resistance to the movement of the vehicle due to friction between the rotating and stationary parts of the wheel.

3.14 deceleration end: The point in time at which the artificial resistance to the movement of the vehicle disappeared or it stopped. Marked with a dot TO in appendix B.

3.15 contour marking of automatic telephone exchange:

3.16 traffic corridor:

3.17 place of fastening of seat belts:

3.18 start of braking:

3.19 initial braking speed -

3.20 neutral position of the steering wheel (steered wheels):

3.21 brake system control:

3.22 sensory check:

3.23 reference axis: Line of intersection of planes passing through the center of the diffuser light fixture parallel to the longitudinal central plane of the vehicle and the supporting surface.

3.24 full braking: Braking, as a result of which the vehicle stops.

3.25 longitudinal central plane of the vehicle:

3.26 permitted maximum mass:

3.27 operability of automatic telephone exchange and its parts: The state in which the values of the parameters characterizing the ability of the vehicle to perform transport work meet the requirements normative documents.

3.28 working brake system: Brake system designed to reduce vehicle speed.

3.29 retro-reflective marking material:

3.30 equipped state of automatic telephone exchange: The condition of the vehicle without cargo (passengers) with filled containers of power supply, cooling and lubrication systems, with a set of tools and accessories (including spare wheel) provided by the manufacturer of the automatic telephone exchange in accordance with the operational documentation.

3.31 components and items of equipment of automatic telephone exchange:

3.32 parking brake system:

3.33 total play in steering:

3.34 technical condition of automatic telephone exchange: The set of properties subject to change during operation and the parameters of the automatic telephone exchange established by regulatory documents, which determines the possibility of its use for its intended purpose.

3.35 braking: The process of creating and changing artificial resistance to the movement of the vehicle.

3.36 braking force: The reaction of the supporting surface on the wheels of the vehicle, causing braking. To assess the technical condition of braking systems, the maximum values of braking forces are used.

3.37 brake system: The set of parts of the vehicle, designed to slow it down when exposed to the control of the brake system.

3.38 brake control:

3.39 brake drive: Set of parts brake control designed for controlled transfer of energy from its source to the brake mechanisms in order to implement braking.

3.40 braking distance:

3.41 specific braking force:

3.42 steady deceleration:

3.43 stability of the vehicle during braking: The ability of the vehicle to move during braking within the corridor of movement.

3.44 headlights types R, HR:

3.45 headlights types C, HC: Low beam headlights.

3.46 headlights of types CR, HCR:

3.47 type B headlights: Fog lights.

3.48 "cold" brake mechanism:

3.49 emergency braking:

3.50 braking efficiency:

4. Requirements for the technical condition of the automatic telephone exchange.

4.1 Requirements for brake control

Note - The use of indicators of braking efficiency and stability of the vehicle during braking, as well as methods for their verification, are given in 5.1.

4.1.2 Under road conditions, when braking by the service brake system with an initial braking speed of 40 km/h, the vehicle must not leave any of its parts outside the normative traffic corridor 3 m wide.

Table 1 - Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle by the service brake system during tests on the stands.
ATS		PBX category		Effort on the control R P, H, no more		Specific braking force γ T, not less than
		ml		490		0,59
		M2, MZ		686		0,51
Trucks		N1, N2, N3		686		0,51
Table 2 - Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle by the service brake system during checks on the road.
ATS				Effort on the control R P, H,no more		Braking distances ATS S T, no more
Passenger and utility vehicles		ml		490		14,7
		M2, MZ		686		18,3
		ml		490		14,7
Trucks		N1, N2, N3		686		18,3
		N1, N2, N3		686		19,5
Table 3 - Standards for the braking efficiency of the vehicle by the service brake system during checks on the road.
ATS	ATC category (tractor as part of a road train)		Effort on the control R P, H, no more		Steady-state deceleration j mouth m/s 2, not less		Brake response time T T, s, no more
Passenger and utility vehicles	ml		490		5,8		0,6
	M2, MZ		686		5,0		0,8 (1,0)
Cars with a trailer	ml		490		5.8		0,6
Trucks	N1,N2,N3		686		5,0		0,8 (1,0)
Trucks with a trailer (semi-trailer)	N1,N2,N3		686		5,0		0,9 (1,3)
Note - Values in brackets - for vehicles manufactured before 01.01.81

4.1.3 When checking on the stands, the relative difference in the braking forces of the axle wheels (as a percentage of the largest value) is allowed for vehicles of categories

Ml, M2, MZ and front axles of cars and trailers of categories Nl, N2, N3,02,03,04 no more than 20%, and for semi-trailers and subsequent axles of cars and trailers of categories Nl, N2, N3, O2, O3, O4 - 25%.

4.1.4 When testing the working brake system of trailers and semi-trailers on the stands (with the exception of trailers-dissolutions and semi-trailers with more than three axles), the specific braking force must be at least 0.5 for trailers with two or more axles and not less than 0.45 - for trailers with one (central) axle and semi-trailers.

4.1.5 The parking brake system for a vehicle with a maximum permitted weight must provide a specific braking force of at least 0.16 or a stationary state of the vehicle on a supporting surface with a slope of at least 16%. For vehicles in running order parking brake system

must provide a calculated specific braking force equal to 0.6 of the ratio of the curb weight attributable to the axles affected by the parking brake system to the curb weight, or the stationary state of the vehicle on a surface with a slope of at least 23% for vehicles of categories M1-M3 and not less than 31% for categories N1-N3.

The force applied to the parking brake control to actuate it must be no more than 392 N for vehicles of category Ml and 588 N for vehicles of other categories.

4.1.6 The auxiliary braking system, with the exception of the engine retarder, during checks on the road in the speed range of 25-35 km/h, must provide a steady deceleration of at least 0.5 m/s 2 - for vehicles of the permitted maximum weight and 0.8 m /s 2 - for vehicles in running order, taking into account the mass of the driver. The engine retarder must be operational. 4.1.7 The spare braking system, equipped with a control independent from other braking systems, must ensure compliance with the standards for braking efficiency indicators of the vehicle on the test bench according to table 4, or in road conditions according to table 5 or 6. The initial braking speed at checks on the road - 40 km / h.

Table 4 - Standards for the braking efficiency of the ATS with a spare brake system during tests on the stands.
ATS	PBX category	Effort on the control RP, H, no more	Specific braking force γ T, not less
Passenger and utility vehicles	ml	490 (392*)	0,295
Passenger and utility vehicles	M2, MZ	686 (589*)	0,255
Trucks	N1.N2.N3	686 (589*)	0,220
* For vehicles with manual override brake system.
Table 5 - Standards for the braking efficiency of a vehicle with a spare brake system during checks on the road.
ATS	ATC category (tractor as part of a road train)	Effort on the control RP, H, no more	ATS braking distance ST, no more
Passenger and utility vehicles	ml	490 (392*)	25,3
Passenger and utility vehicles	M2, MZ	686 (589*)	30,6
Cars with a trailer	ml	490 (392*)	25,3
Trucks	N1, N2, N3	686 (589*)	33,8
Trucks with a trailer (semi-trailer)	N1, N2, N3	686 (589*)	35,0
*For vehicles with manual override brake system.

Table 6 - Standards for the braking efficiency of a vehicle with a spare brake system during checks on the road.
ATS	ATC category (tractor as part of a road train)	Effort on the control R P, H. no more	Steady-state deceleration j mouth m/s 2 not less than	Brake response time τ T, s, no more
Passenger and utility vehicles	ml	490 (392*)	2,9	0,6
Passenger and utility vehicles	M2, MZ	686 (589*)	2,5	0,8(1,0**)
Cars with a trailer	ml	490 (392*)	2,9	0,6
Trucks	N1,N2,N3	686 (589*)	2,2	0,8(1,0**)
Trucks with a trailer (semi-trailer)	N1,N2,N3	686 (589*)	2,2	0,9(1,3**)
* For vehicles with manual override brake system. ** For PBXs manufactured before 01.01.81

4.1.8 It is allowed to drop the air pressure in the pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake drive with the engine off by no more than 0.05 MPa from the value of the lower limit of regulation by the pressure regulator during:

30 min - at free position control body of the brake system;

15 minutes - after full actuation of the brake system control.

Leaks compressed air from wheel brake chambers are not allowed.

4.1.9 For a vehicle with an engine, the pressure at the control terminals of the pneumatic brake actuator receivers with the engine running is allowed from 0.65 to 0.85 MPa, and for trailers (semi-trailers) - not less than 0.48 MPa when connected to the tractor via a single-wire drive and not less than 0.63 MPa - when connected via a two-wire drive.

4.1.10 The presence of visible places of grinding, corrosion, mechanical damage, kinks or leakage of pipelines or connections in the brake actuator, leakage brake fluid, parts in the brake drive with cracks and permanent deformation are not allowed.

4.1.11 The system of signaling and control of brake systems, pressure gauges of the pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake actuator, the device for fixing the control of the parking brake system must be operational.

4.1.12 Flexible brake hoses, transmitting the pressure of compressed air or brake fluid to the wheel brake mechanisms, must be connected to each other without additional transition elements (for vehicles manufactured after 01.01.81). The location and length of the flexible brake hoses must ensure the tightness of the connections, taking into account the maximum deformations elastic elements suspension and steering angles of the wheels of the vehicle. Swelling of hoses under pressure, cracks and the presence of visible chafing spots on them are not allowed.

4.1.13 The location and length of the connecting hoses of the pneumatic brake drive of road trains must exclude their damage during mutual movements of the tractor and trailer (semi-trailer).

4.1.14 The action of the service and reserve brake systems must be adjustable:

a decrease or increase in the braking force must be ensured by acting on the control of the brake system in the entire range of regulation of the braking force;

the braking force must change in the same direction as the impact on the control;

the braking force must be adjusted smoothly and without difficulty.

4.1.15 The pressure at the control output of the brake force regulator as part of the pneumatic brake drive in the positions of the permitted maximum weight and the equipped state of the vehicle or the tension force of the free end of the regulator spring, equipped with a linkage to the rear axle, consisting of brake hydraulic drive must correspond to the values specified in the manufacturer's plate installed on the automatic telephone exchange or in the operational documentation.

4.1.16 Vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking systems (ABS), when braking in the equipped state (taking into account the weight of the driver) with an initial speed of at least 40 km/h, must move within the traffic corridor without visible signs of slipping and skidding, and their wheels must not must leave traces of skidding on the road surface until ABS shutdown upon reaching a speed corresponding to the ABS cut-off threshold (no more than 15 km/h). The functioning of the ABS signaling devices must correspond to its good condition.

4.1.17 The free travel of the control device of the inertial brake of trailers of categories 01 and 02 must comply with the requirements established by the manufacturer of the vehicle in the operational documentation.

4.1.18 With the inertia brake drive disconnected for category 01 trailers, the pushing force of the trailer coupling device must be at least 200 N, and for category 02 trailers - at least 350 N.

4.2 Steering requirements

4.2.1 The change in effort when turning the steering wheel should be smooth over the entire range of its angle of rotation.

4.2.2 Spontaneous turning of the steering wheel with power steering from the neutral position when the vehicle is stationary and the engine is running is not allowed.

4.2.3 The total steering play must not exceed the limit values specified by the vehicle manufacturer in the operational documentation, or, if such values are not specified by the manufacturer, the following limit values:

cars and trucks and buses created on the basis of their units..... 10°
buses......................... 20°
trucks........ 25°

4.2.4 Maximum turn steering wheel should be limited only to devices provided for by the design of the vehicle.

4.2.5. The mobility of the steering column in the planes passing through its axis, the steering wheel in the axial direction, the steering gear housing, steering gear parts relative to each other or the supporting surface is not allowed. Threaded connections must be tightened and secured. Play in the joints of the levers of the rotary pins and the joints of the steering rods is not allowed. The device for fixing the position of the steering column with the adjustable position of the steering wheel must be operable.

4.2.6 The use of parts with traces of residual deformation, cracks and other defects in the steering mechanism and steering gear is not allowed.

4.2.7 The tension of the power steering pump drive belt and the level of the working fluid in its reservoir must comply with the requirements established by the vehicle manufacturer in the operational documentation. Leakage of working fluid in the booster hydraulic system is not allowed.

4.3 Requirements for external lighting fixtures and reflective markings

4.3.1 The number and color of external lighting devices installed on the vehicle must comply with GOST 8769. Changing the locations of external lighting devices provided by the vehicle manufacturer is not allowed.

4.3.2 It is allowed to install a spotlight or searchlight if it is provided by the manufacturer. Allowed installation additional signals braking and replacement of external lighting devices with those used on PBXs of other brands and models.

4.3.3 Signaling devices for switching on light devices located in the cockpit (cabin) must be operational.

4.3.4. Headlamps of types C (HC) and CR (HCR) must be adjusted so that the plane containing the left (from the ATS) part of the cut-off boundary of the passing beam is located as specified in Figure 1 and Table 7 distance values L from the optical center of the headlight to the screen, height H installation of the headlight in the center of the diffusers above the plane of the working platform and the angle a of the light beam inclination to the horizontal plane, or the distance R on the screen from the projection of the center of the headlight to the light boundary of the beam of light and distances L And H.4.3.5 The luminous intensity of each of the C (HC) and CR (HCR) headlamps in the "dipped beam" mode, measured in a vertical plane passing through the reference axis, shall be not more than 750 cd in the direction 34" upward from the position of the left part of the cut-off line and at least 1600 cd in the direction 52" down from the position of the left part of the cut-off line.

4.3.6. R (HR) headlamps shall be adjusted so that the angle of inclination of the brightest (central) part of the light beam in the vertical plane is in the range of 0...34" down from the reference axis. In this case, the vertical plane of symmetry of the brightest part of the light beam beam must pass through the reference axis.

4.3.7. The luminous intensity of CR (HCR) headlamps in the "driving beam" mode should be measured in the direction of 34" upwards from the position of the left part of the cut-off line of the "dipped beam" mode in a vertical plane passing through the reference axis.

4.3.8. The luminous intensity of type R (HR) headlamps shall be measured at the center of the brightest part of the beam.

4.3.9 The luminous intensity of all headlights of types R (HR) and CR (HCR) located on one side of the vehicle, in the "driving beam" mode, must be at least 10,000 cd, and the total luminous intensity of all headlights of the specified typical must be more than 225,000 cd.

4.3.10. Fog lamps (type B) shall be adjusted so that the plane containing the upper cut-off of the beam is located as indicated in table 8.

In this case, the upper cut-off boundary of the fog lamp beam must be parallel to the plane of the working platform on which the automatic telephone exchange is installed.

4.3.11. The luminous intensity of fog lamps, measured in a vertical plane passing through the reference axis, must be not more than 625 cd in the direction of 3 ° up from the position of the upper cut-off limit and not less than 1000 cd in the direction of 3 ° down from the position of the upper cut-off limit. 4.3.12. Fog lamps must be switched on when the parking lights are on, regardless of whether the high and (or) low beam headlights are turned on. 4.3.13 The luminous intensity of each of the signal lights (lanterns) in the direction of the reference axis must be within the limits specified in Table 9. 4.3.14 The luminous intensity of paired symmetrically located on different sides of the vehicle (front or rear) lights of the same functional purpose should not differ more than twice.

4.3.15 Marking, contour lights, as well as the identification sign of the road train must work in a constant mode.

4.3.16. Brake signals (primary and secondary) must be switched on when the brake system controls are actuated and operate continuously.

4.3.17 Lantern reversing should turn on when the reverse gear is engaged and work in a constant mode.

4.3.18 Direction indicators and side repeaters pointers must be functional. The flashing frequency shall be within (90+30) flashes per minute or (1.5+0.5) Hz.

4.3.19 The emergency signaling shall ensure the synchronous activation of all direction indicators and side repeaters in flashing mode.

4.3.20 The rear registration plate illumination lamp must be switched on simultaneously with parking lights and work continuously.

4.3.21 The rear fog lamps shall only be switched on when the high or low beam headlamps are on, or fog lights and work continuously.

4.3.22 Reflective markings in accordance with GOST R 51253 must be applied to the vehicle. Damage and delamination of reflective markings are not allowed.

4.4 Requirements for windshield wipers and washers

4.4.1 The vehicle must be equipped with windshield wipers and windshield washers.

4.4.2 The frequency of movement of the brushes on wet glass in the mode of maximum speed of the wipers must be at least 35 double strokes per minute.

4.4.3 Windshield washers must provide liquid supply to the glass cleaning areas.

4.5 Tire and wheel requirements

4.5.1 The height of the tire tread pattern must be at least:

for passenger cars -1.6 mm;
for trucks - 1.0 mm;
for buses - 2.0 mm;
for trailers and semi-trailers - the same as for the tractors with which they work. The tire is not suitable for use when:
the presence of a section of the treadmill with dimensions specified in 5.5.1.1, the height of the tread pattern along the entire length of which is less than the specified standard;
the appearance of one wear indicator (a protrusion along the bottom of the groove of the treadmill, the height of which corresponds to the minimum allowable height tire tread pattern) with uniform wear or two indicators in each of the two sections with uneven wear treadmill.

4.5.2 Twin wheels should be mounted so that the valve holes in the rims are aligned to allow air pressure measurement and tire inflation. It is not allowed to replace spools with plugs, plugs and other devices.

4.5.3 Local tire damage (punctures, swelling, through and non-through cuts), which expose the cord, as well as local delamination of the tread are not allowed.

4.5.4 Vehicles must be equipped with tires in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements in accordance with the manufacturer's operational documentation or the Rules for the operation of automobile tires.

4.5.5 Passenger cars and buses of class I* may use tires retreaded according to class I**, and on their rear axles, in addition, retreaded according to classes II and D**.

Tires retreaded to class I** are allowed on the middle and rear axles of buses of classes II and III*. The installation of retreaded tires on the front axles of these buses is not permitted.

On all axles of trucks, trailers and semi-trailers, it is allowed to use tires retreaded according to classes I, II, III **, and on their rear axles, in addition, also according to class D **.

On the rear axle of passenger cars and buses of classes I, II, III*, medium and rear axles of trucks, on any axles of trailers and semi-trailers, tires with repaired local damage and a tread pattern with a deep cutting method are allowed.

4.5.6 The absence of at least one bolt or nut for fastening disks and wheel rims, as well as loosening of their tightening, is not allowed.

4.5.7 Cracks on disks and wheel rims are not allowed.

4.5.8 Visible violations of the shape and size of the mounting holes in the wheel disks are not allowed.

* Definition of bus classes - according to Appendix A

** Definition of tire retreading classes according to the Rules for the operation of automobile tires.

4.6 Requirements for the engine and its systems

4.6.1 The maximum permissible content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of vehicles with gasoline engines - according to GOST 17.2.2.03.

4.6.2 Limit allowable level opacity of exhaust gases of vehicles with diesel engines - according to GOST 21393.

4.6.3 The maximum allowable content of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases of gas-balloon vehicles - according to GOST 17.2.02.06.

4.6.4 Fuel leaks in the power supply system of gasoline engines and diesel engines are not allowed. Fuel tank shut-off devices and fuel shut-off devices must be operational. Fuel tank caps must be fixed in the closed position; damage to the sealing elements of the caps is not allowed.

4.6.5 The gas supply system of gas-balloon automatic telephone exchanges must be airtight. It is not allowed to use cylinders with an expired period of their periodic examination on gas-balloon automatic telephone exchanges.

4.6.6 There should be no leaks in the connections and elements of the exhaust gas system, and for vehicles equipped with exhaust gas converters, leakage into the atmosphere bypassing the converter is not allowed.

4.6.7 Disconnection of tubes in the engine crankcase ventilation system is not allowed.

4.7 Requirements for other structural elements

4.7.1 The vehicle must be equipped with rear-view mirrors according to Table 10, as well as glasses, a sound signal and sun visors.

Table 10 - Requirements for equipping motor vehicles with rear-view mirrors.
PBX category		Mirror application		The number and location of mirrors on the PBX		Mirror characteristic		Class* mirrors
1		2		3		4		5
M1,N1		Mandatory - only if there is a review and through it		One inside the PBX		internal		1
		Necessarily		One on the left		Outdoor, main		3 (or 2)
		Mandatory - with insufficient visibility through the interior mirror, in other cases - allowed		One on the right
M2, MZ		Necessarily		One right, one left		Outdoor main		2
		Allowed		One on the right		outdoor wide angle		4
						Outdoor side view		5**

N2 (up to 7.5 t)	Necessarily		One right, one left		Outdoor main		2 (or 3 on one bracket with 4)
	Allowed		One inside the PBX		internal		1
			One on the right		outdoor wide angle		4
					Outdoor side view		5**
N2 (over 7.5 t) N3	Necessarily		One right, one left		Outdoor main		2 (or 3 on one bracket with 4 - N2 only)
	Allowed		One on the right		outdoor wide angle		4
					Outdoor side view		5**
			One inside the PBX		internal		1
* Class of rear-view mirrors, see 3.12. ** The mirror should be located at a height of at least 2 m from the level of the supporting surface.

4.7.2 The presence of cracks on the windshields of the vehicle in the zone of cleaning the half of the glass with a wiper, located on the driver's side, is not allowed.

4.7.3 It is not allowed to have additional objects or coatings that restrict visibility from the driver's seat (with the exception of rear-view mirrors, windshield wiper parts, radio antennas external and applied or built into the glass, heating elements of windshield defrost and dryer devices).

In the upper part of the windshield, it is allowed to mount a strip of a transparent colored film with a width of not more than 140 mm, and on vehicles of categories M3, N2, N3 - with a width not exceeding the minimum distance between the upper edge of the windshield and the upper boundary of its cleaning zone with a wiper. The light transmission of glasses, including those covered with transparent colored films, must comply with GOST 5727.

Notes:

In the presence of blinds and curtains on the rear windows of cars, exterior mirrors are required on both sides.
Curtains are allowed on the side and rear windows of Class 1P buses.

4.7.4 Body or cab door locks, loading platform side locks, tank neck locks, adjustment mechanisms and locking devices for driver and passenger seats, sound signal, windshield heating and blowing device provided by the vehicle manufacturer anti-theft device, an emergency door switch and a signal to stop the bus, emergency exits of the bus and devices for activating them, internal lighting devices for the passenger compartment of the bus, a door control drive and signaling their operation must be operational.

The locks of the side hinged doors of the PBX must be operable and fixed in two locking positions: intermediate and final.

4.7.5 Emergency exits in buses must be marked and have signs on the rules for their use. Bus interior equipment is not allowed additional elements structures that restrict free access to emergency exits.

4.7.6 Means for measuring speed (speedometers) and distance traveled must be operational. Tachographs must be operational, metrologically verified in accordance with the established procedure and sealed.

4.7.7 Loosening of bolted connections and destruction of parts of the suspension and driveline of the vehicle are not allowed.

The lever of the floor level regulator (body) of the automatic telephone exchange with air suspension in the equipped state must be in a horizontal position. The pressure at the control output of the floor level regulator for vehicles with air suspension, manufactured after 01/01/97, must correspond to that indicated on the manufacturer's plate.

4.7.8 On vehicles of categories N2, N3 and 02-04, dismantling the rear protective device(ZZU), not allowed. The length of the rear axle must not exceed the length of the rear axle and not be shorter than it by more than 100 mm on each side.

4.7.9 Deformations of the anterior and rear bumpers cars, buses and trucks, in which the radius of curvature of the outwardly protruding parts of the bumper (with the exception of parts made of non-metallic elastic materials) is less than 5 mm, are not allowed.

4.7.10 Visible damage, short circuits and traces of insulation breakdown of electrical wires are not allowed.

4.7.11 The lock of the fifth wheel coupling of semitrailer tractors must close automatically after coupling. Manual and automatic locking of the fifth wheel coupling must prevent spontaneous disengagement of the tractor and semi-trailer. Cracks and local destruction of parts of coupling devices are not allowed.

Trailers must be equipped with safety chains (cables) that must be in good working order. The length of the safety chains (cables) must prevent contact of the drawbar coupling loop with the road surface and at the same time ensure the control of the trailer in the event of a breakage (breakage) of the towing device. Safety chains (cables) must not be attached to parts of the towing device or parts of its fastening.

Trailers (except single-axle trailers and trailers) must be equipped with a device that maintains the drawbar coupling loop in a position that facilitates coupling and uncoupling from a traction vehicle.

Longitudinal play in backlash-free towing devices with a towing fork for a tractor coupled to a trailer is not allowed.

Traction coupling devices of passenger cars must provide backlash-free coupling of crackers of the locking device with the ball. Spontaneous release is not allowed.

4.7.12 The front towing devices of the vehicle (with the exception of trailers and semi-trailers) equipped with these devices must be operational.

4.7.13 The diameter of the kingpin of coupling devices of semi-trailers with a maximum permitted weight of up to 40 tons must be in the range from the nominal, equal to 50.9 mm, to the maximum allowable, which is 48.3 mm, and the largest inner diameter of the working surfaces of the coupling device grippers - from 50 .8 mm, up to 55 mm.

The diameter in the longitudinal plane of the throat of the traction hook of the "hook-loop" towing system of trucks-tractors must be in the range from the minimum, which is 48.0 mm, to the maximum allowable, equal to 53.0 mm, and the smallest diameter of the section of the bar of the coupling loop - from 43.9 mm to 36 mm.

The diameter of the kingpin of backlash-free towing devices with a traction fork must be in the range from the nominal, which is 38.5 mm, to the maximum allowable, equal to 36.4 mm.

The diameter of the ball of the towing device of cars must be in the range from the nominal, equal to 50.0 mm, to the maximum allowable, which is 49.6 mm.

4.7.14 ATS must be equipped with seat belts in accordance with the requirements of operational documents.

Do not use seat belts with the following defects:

tear on the strap, visible to the naked eye;

the lock does not fix the "tongue" of the strap or does not throw it out after pressing the button of the locking device;

the strap does not pull out or does not retract into the retractor (reel);

when the belt strap is suddenly pulled out, it is not ensured that it is stopped (blocked) from being pulled out of the retractor (spool) equipped with a double strap locking mechanism.

4.7.15 ATS must be equipped with a first aid kit, a sign emergency stop(or a flashing red light), and automatic telephone exchanges of categories M3, N2, N3, in addition, also wheel chocks(at least two). Cars and trucks must be equipped with at least one fire extinguisher, and buses and trucks designed to transport people - two, one of which must be located in the driver's cab, and the second - in the passenger compartment (body). The use of fire extinguishers without seals and (or) with expired expiration dates is not allowed. The first aid kit must be stocked with suitable medicines.

4.7.16 Handrails in buses, a spare wheel, batteries, seats, as well as fire extinguishers and a first-aid kit on vehicles equipped with devices for their fastening, must be securely fixed in the places provided for by the design of the vehicle.

4.7.17 On vehicles equipped with mechanisms for longitudinal adjustment of the position of the cushion and the angle of inclination of the seatback or a mechanism for moving the seat (for boarding and disembarking passengers), these mechanisms must be operational. Upon termination of regulation or use, these mechanisms should be automatically blocked.

4.7.18 The height of the headrest from the seat cushion in the free (uncompressed) state, on vehicles manufactured after 01/01/99 and equipped with non-adjustable headrests, must be at least 800 mm, the height of the adjustable headrest in the middle position is (800 + 5) mm . For automatic telephone exchanges manufactured before 01.01.99, the indicated value may be reduced to (750 + 5) mm.

4.7.19 ATS must be equipped with over-wheel mud protection devices provided for by the design. The width of these devices must not be less than the width of the tires used.

4.7.20 The vertical static load on the traction device of the vehicle from the coupling loop of a single-axle trailer (release trailer) in the equipped state should not exceed 490 N. If the vertical static load from the trailer coupling loop is more than 490 N, the front support post must be equipped with a lifting-lowering mechanism that ensures the installation of the coupling eye in the position of coupling (uncoupling) the trailer with the tractor.

4.7.21 The spare wheel holder, winch and spare wheel lifting/lowering mechanism must be operational. The ratchet device of the winch must clearly fix the drum with the fastening rope.

4.7.22 Semi-trailers must be equipped with a supporting device, which must be operable. The transport position locks of the supports, designed to prevent their spontaneous lowering during the movement of the vehicle, must be operational. The mechanisms for lifting and lowering the supports must be operable. The ratchet device of the winches for lifting and lowering the supports must clearly fix the drum with the fastening rope, preventing it from sagging.

4.7.23 Dripping of oils and working fluids from the engine, gearbox, final drives, rear axle, clutch, battery, cooling and air conditioning systems and hydraulic devices additionally installed on the PBX are not allowed.

4.7.24 Equipment of automatic telephone exchanges with special light and (or) sound signals, application of special color graphic coloring in accordance with GOST R 50574 is not allowed without appropriate permission.

4.7.25 Color graphic color schemes for vehicles of operational and special services, special light and sound signals must comply with GOST R 50574.

4.7.26 Placement of special light signals not on the roof of the body (cabin) of the vehicle is not allowed.

4.8 Marking requirements for vehicles

4.8.1 ATS manufactured after 01/01/2000 must be marked, the content and location of which must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents.

4.8.2 State registration marks on the automatic telephone exchange must be installed and fixed in the places provided in accordance with GOST R 50577.

4.8.3 For vehicles equipped with a gas supply system, on the outer surface gas cylinders their passport data, including the dates of the current and subsequent examination, must be applied.

5. Methods of verification.

5.1 Brake control test methods

5.1.1 Characteristics of methods for testing brake control.

5.1.1.1 The braking efficiency and stability of the vehicle during braking are checked on stands or on the road.

5.1.1.2 The working and spare brake systems are checked for braking efficiency and stability of the vehicle during braking, and the parking and auxiliary brake systems are checked for braking efficiency. The use of indicators and methods for checking the braking efficiency and stability of the vehicle when braking by various braking systems is summarized in Appendix B.

5.1.1.3 Measuring instruments used during verification must be operational and metrologically verified. The measurement error should not exceed when determining:

braking distance +5.0%

initial braking speed +1.0 km/h

braking force +3.0%

effort on the control +7.0%

brake response time +0.03 s

delay time of the brake system +0.03 s

deceleration ramp time +0.03 s

steady-state deceleration +4.0%

air pressure in pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake actuator +5.0%

pushing force of trailer hitch equipped with inertial brake +5.0%

longitudinal slope of the platform for braking +1.0%

vehicle weight +3.0%

Note - The requirement for the error in measuring the stopping distance does not apply to design definition this indicator according to Appendix G.

5.1.1.4 It is allowed to check the indicators of braking efficiency and vehicle stability during braking by methods and methods equivalent to those established by this standard, if they are regulated by regulatory documents.

5.1.2 Conditions for checking the technical condition of the brake control

5.1.2.1 Vehicles are tested with "cold" brake mechanisms.

5.1.2.2 The tires of the vehicle being tested on the stand must be clean, dry, and the pressure in them must comply with the standard established by the manufacturer of the vehicle in the operational documentation. The pressure is checked in completely cooled tires using pressure gauges that comply with GOST 9921.

5.1.2.3 Tests on the stands and on the road (except for checking the auxiliary brake system) are carried out with the engine running and disconnected from the transmission, as well as the drives of the additional drive axles and unlocked transmission differentials (if these units are available in the vehicle design).

5.1.2.4 The indicators according to 4.1.1, 4.1.3-4.1.5 are checked on a roller stand for checking brake systems, if available on front seat PBX categories

MliN1 driver and passenger. The force of action on the control of the brake system is increased to the value provided for in 4.1.1 or 4.1.5, or 4.1.7, during the actuation time according to the manual (instruction) for the operation of the stand.

5.1.2.5 Wear of the rollers of the stand until the corrugated surface is completely erased or the abrasive coating of the rollers is destroyed is not allowed.

5.1.2.6 Checks in road conditions are carried out on a straight, level, horizontal, dry, clean road with a cement or asphalt concrete surface. Braking by the service brake system is carried out in the emergency full braking mode by a single impact on the control. The time of full actuation of the brake system control shall not exceed 0.2 s.

5.1.2.7 Correction of the trajectory of the vehicle during braking during checks of the service brake system in road conditions is not allowed (if this is not required by the safety of the checks). If such an adjustment has been made, then the results of the check are not taken into account.

5.1.2.8 The total weight of technical diagnostic equipment used in road tests must not exceed 25 kg.

5.1.2.9 Vehicles equipped with ABS are checked under the road conditions specified in 5.1.2.6.

5.1.2.10 When carrying out checks of the technical condition on the stands and on the road, the safety regulations for work and the manuals (instructions) for the operation of the roller stand must be observed.

5.1.3 Checking the service brake system

5.1.3.1 For testing on the stands, the automatic telephone exchange is sequentially installed with the wheels of each of the axles on the rollers of the stand. Disconnect the engine from the transmission, additional drive axles and unlock the transmission differentials, start the engine and set the minimum stable speed of the crankshaft. Measurements are carried out according to the manual (instruction) for the operation of the roller stand. For roller stands that do not provide measurement of the mass attributable to the wheels of the vehicle, use weight measuring devices or reference data on the mass of the vehicle. Measurements and registration of indicators on the stand are performed for each axle of the vehicle and the indicators of the specific braking force and the relative difference in the braking forces of the axle wheels are calculated according to 4.1.1, 4.1.3, 4.1.4.

5.1.3.2 For road trains, when checking on the stands, the values of the specific braking force must be determined separately for the tractor and trailer (semi-trailer) equipped with brake control. The obtained values are compared with the standards for vehicles with an engine according to 4.1.1, and for trailers and semi-trailers - according to 4.1.4.

5.1.3.3 When checking the vehicle braking efficiency on the road without measuring the braking distance, it is allowed to directly measure the indicators of steady-state deceleration and the response time of the brake system or calculate the braking distance according to the method specified in Appendix D, based on the results of measuring steady-state deceleration, the delay time of the brake system and deceleration rise time at a given initial deceleration rate.

5.1.3.4 When checking on the benches, the relative difference in braking forces is calculated according to Appendix D and the obtained value is compared with the maximum allowable ones according to 4.1.3. Measurements and calculations are repeated for the wheels of each axle of the vehicle.

5.1.3.5 The stability of the vehicle during braking in road conditions is checked by performing braking within the normative traffic corridor. The axis, right and left boundaries of the traffic corridor are previously marked with parallel markings on the road surface. Before braking, the vehicle must move in a straight line with a set initial speed along the axis of the corridor. The exit of the vehicle by any part of it outside the normative traffic corridor is established visually by the position of the projection of the vehicle on the supporting surface or by the device for checking brake systems in road conditions when the measured value of the displacement of the vehicle in the transverse direction exceeds half the difference in the width of the normative traffic corridor and the maximum width of the vehicle.

5.1.3.6 When checking on the road the effectiveness of braking by the service brake system and the stability of the vehicle during braking, deviations of the initial braking speed from the value specified in 4.1.1, 4.1.2, not more than +4 km/h, are allowed. At the same time, the braking distance standards must be recalculated according to the method described in Appendix D.

5.1.3.7 Based on the results of the checks performed on the road or on the benches, the indicators specified in 5.1.3.3, 5.1.3.5 or 5.1.3.1, 5.1.3.2, 5.1.3.4, respectively, are calculated using the methodology described in Appendix D. ATS is considered to have passed the test of braking efficiency and stability during braking by the service brake system, if the calculated values of these indicators correspond to the standards given in 4.1.1-4.1.4. For vehicles that are not equipped with ABS, instead of meeting the specific braking force of the standards 4.1.1, it is allowed to block all wheels of the vehicle on the rollers of the stand.

5.1.4 Checking the parking and emergency brake system

5.1.4.1 Checking the parking brake system in road conditions is carried out by placing the vehicle on a support surface with a slope equal to the standard one specified in 4.1.5, braking the vehicle by the service brake system, and then by the parking brake system with simultaneous measurement of the force applied to the parking brake control by a dynamometer. brake system, and subsequent disabling of the service brake system. When checking, the possibility of ensuring a stationary state of the vehicle under the influence of the parking brake system is determined for at least 1 min.

5.1.4.2 Checking on the stand is carried out by alternately bringing the stand rollers into rotation and braking the wheels of the axle of the vehicle, which is affected by the parking brake system. The force according to 4.1.5 is applied to the parking brake control, controlling it with an error not exceeding that specified in 5.1.1.3. Based on the results of the check, similarly to that set out in 5.1.3.1, the specific braking force is calculated according to the method described in Appendix D, taking into account the notes to Table A.1 of Appendix A, and the obtained value is compared with the standard value calculated according to 4.1.5. The vehicle is considered to have passed the test of braking efficiency by the parking brake system if the specific braking force is not less than the calculated normative force or if the wheels of the axle under test are blocked on the rollers of the stand according to 4.1.5.

5.1.4.3 The requirements of 4.1.7 are checked on benches by the methods specified for testing the service brake system in 5.1.2.1-5.1.2.4, 5.1.2.9, 5.1.3.1,5.1.3.2,5.1.3.7.

5.1.5 Checking the auxiliary brake system

5.1.5.1. The auxiliary braking system shall be checked on the road by actuating it and measuring the deceleration of the vehicle during braking in the speed range specified in 4.1.6. At the same time, a gear must be engaged in the automatic telephone exchange transmission, excluding the excess of the maximum permissible engine crankshaft speed.

5.1.5.2. A measure of the braking performance of the auxiliary braking system under road conditions is the steady-state deceleration value. The vehicle is considered to have passed the test of the effectiveness of braking by the auxiliary braking system, if the steady-state deceleration corresponds to the standard one according to 4.1.6. 5.1.6 Checking components and parts of brake systems 5.1.6.1 The requirements of 4.1.8, 4.1.9 and 4.1.15 are checked using pressure gauges or electronic meters connected to control leads or connecting heads of the brake drive of a stationary tractor and trailer. When using pressure drop meters with smaller measurement errors, it is allowed to correct the standards for the measurement period and the values of the maximum allowable air pressure drop in the brake actuator according to the procedure described in Appendix E. When checking the requirement 4.1.15 to the value of the tension force of the brake force regulator spring, use a dynamometer. Leaks in wheel brake chambers are detected using an electronic compressed air leak detector or organoleptically.

5.1.6.2 The requirements of 4.1.10, 4.1.12-4.1.13 are checked visually on a stationary exchange.

5.1.6.3 The requirements of 4.1.11 are checked on a stationary vehicle with the engine running by visual observation of the working functioning of the units being tested.

5.1.6.4 The requirements of 4.1.14 are checked on stands or in road conditions in the process of checking the braking efficiency and stability of the vehicle when braking by the service brake system according to 5.1.3 without performing additional braking by observing the nature of the change in the braking forces or the deceleration of the vehicle when the impact on the control of the brake system.

5.1.6.5 The requirements of 4.1.16 are checked on the road by pre-accelerating the vehicle, controlling the speed, performing emergency braking and observing wheel braking marks, as well as visually monitoring the functioning of the ABS signaling devices in all modes of its operation.

5.1.6.6 The requirements of 4.1.17 are checked using a ruler.

5.1.6.7 The requirements of 4.1.18 are checked by disconnecting the brake inertial-mechanical drive rod from the control device and applying force to the coupling head using a compression dynamometer with an error not exceeding that specified in 5.1.1.3.

5.2 Steering test methods

5.2.1 The requirements of 4.2.1, 4.2.4 are checked on a stationary vehicle with the engine running by alternately turning the steering wheel to the maximum angle in each direction.

5.2.2 Requirement 4.2.2 is checked by observing the position of the steering wheel on a stationary vehicle with power steering after setting the steering wheel to a position approximately corresponding to rectilinear movement and starting the engine.

5.2.3 Requirement 4.2.3 is checked on a stationary vehicle using instruments for determining the total backlash in the steering, fixing the angle of rotation of the steering wheel and the start of rotation of the steered wheels.

5.2.3.1 steered wheels must be previously brought into a position approximately corresponding to straight-line movement, and the engine of a vehicle equipped with power steering must be running.

5.2.3.2 Steering wheel turn to the position corresponding to the beginning of the turn of the steered wheels of the vehicle in one direction, and then to the other side to the position corresponding to the beginning of the turn of the steered wheels in the opposite direction. In this case, the angle between the indicated extreme positions of the steering wheel is measured, which is the total play in the steering.

5.2.3.3 The maximum measurement error of the total backlash is allowed no more than 1°. The automatic telephone exchange is considered to have passed the test if the total backlash does not exceed the standards according to 4.2.3.

5.2.4 The requirements of 4.2.5 are checked organoleptically on a stationary vehicle with the engine off by applying loads to the steering units and tapping the threaded connections.

5.2.4.1 Axial movement and swing of the steering wheel, swing of the steering column is carried out by applying alternating forces to the steering wheel in the direction of the axis of the steering shaft and in the plane of the steering wheel perpendicular to the column, as well as alternating moments of forces in two mutually perpendicular planes passing through the axis of the steering column .

5.2.4.2 Mutual movements of the steering gear parts, fastening of the steering gear housing and pivot pin levers are checked by turning the steering wheel relative to the neutral position by 40°-60° in each direction and applying an alternating force directly to the steering gear parts. For a visual assessment of the state of the hinge joints, stands are used to check the steering gear.

5.2.4.3 The operability of the device for fixing the position of the steering column is checked by actuating it and then rocking the steering column in its fixed position by applying alternating forces to the steering wheel in the plane of the steering wheel perpendicular to the column in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the axis of the steering column.

5.2.5 The requirements of 4.2.6 are checked visually on a stationary exchange.

5.2.6 The requirements of 4.2.7 are checked by measuring the tension of the power steering pump drive belt on a stationary vehicle using special devices for simultaneous control of force and displacement or using a ruler and a dynamometer with a maximum error of not more than 7%.

5.3 Test methods for external lighting fixtures and retro-reflective markings

5.3.1 The requirements of 4.3.1, 4.3.3, 4.3.12, 4.3.15 - 4.3.17, 4.3.19 - 4.3.21 are checked visually, including when turning on and off the lighting devices.

5.3.2 Requirements 4.3.2, 4.3.22 are checked visually.

5.3.3 The requirements of 4.3.4-4.3.11, 4.3.13, 4.3.14 are checked with the vehicle engine off at a special post equipped with a working platform, a flat screen with a matte finish, a light meter with a photodetector (protected from extraneous light) and a device orienting the relative position of the PBX and the screen. The requirements of 4.3.4,4.3.6,4.3.10 are checked on the vehicle in running order (except for the vehicle of category Ml), and on the vehicle of category Ml - with a load (70+20) kg on the driver's seat (person or load).

5.3.3.1 The dimensions of the working platform, when placing the vehicle on it, should provide a distance of at least 5 m between the diffuser of the vehicle's light device and the screen along the reference axis. Unevenness of the working platform is allowed no more than 3 mm per 1 m.

5.3.3.2 The angle between the plane of the screen and the working platform should be (90 + 3)°.

5.3.3.3 The orienting device must ensure the installation of the vehicle in such a way that the reference axis of the light device is parallel to the plane of the working platform and is in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the screen and the working platform with an error of no more than + 0.5 °.

5.3.3.4 The layout of the screen shall ensure verification of the requirements of 4.3.4-4.3.8, 4.3.10, 4.3.11. Permissible error when measuring indicators according to 4.3.4 and 4.3.10 should not be more than: for angular values ....+15", for linear values at a distance of 10 m from the screen ..., +44 mm, at a distance of 5 m to the screen .... + 22 mm.

5.3.3.5 When checking the requirements of 4.3.13, 4.3.14, the photodetector is placed at a distance of (3 + 0.1) m from the diffuser of the lighting device along its reference axis.

5.3.4 To check the requirements of 4.3.4-4.3.8, 4.3.10, 4.3.11, it is allowed to use a measuring device with an orienting device instead of a screen.

5.3.4.1 The diameter of the lens inlet shall not be less than the dimensions of the headlamp.

5.3.4.2 The optical axis of the measuring device must be directed parallel to the working platform with an error of no more than +0.25°.

5.3.4.3 A movable screen shall be installed in the focal plane of the lens with markings that ensure the verification of requirements 4.3.4-4.3.8, 4.3.10, 4.3.11.

5.3.4.4 The orienting device must ensure the installation of the optical axis of the device parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle (or perpendicular to the axis of the rear wheels) with an error of no more than +0.5°.

5.3.5 Light intensity measurements 4.3.5, 4.3.9, 4.3.11, 4.3.13 are carried out using a photodetector corrected for the average curve of the spectral sensitivity of the eye. The sensitivity of the photodetector must correspond to the intervals of permissible values of luminous intensity according to 4.3.5, 4.3.9, 4.3.11, 4.3.13. Permissible error when measuring indicators according to 4.3.5, 4.3.9, 4.3.11, 4.3.13, 4.3.18 shall not exceed 7%.

The diameter of the photodetector should be no more than 30 mm - when working with a screen according to 5.3.3 and not more than 6 mm - when working with a measuring device according to 5.3.4.

5.3.6 The requirements of 4.3.18 for the frequency of flashes of direction indicators are checked by at least 10 flashes using a measuring device or a universal time meter with a reading from 1 to 60 s and a division value of not more than 1 s.

5.4 Test methods for windshield wipers and washers

The operability of the wipers and washers is checked visually during their operation at a minimum stable crankshaft speed at idle of the ATC engine. Headlights must be on when checking electrically operated windshield wipers. high beam. The requirements of 4.4.2 are checked using a universal time meter with a countdown from 1 to 60 s (hours, stopwatch, etc.) and a division value of not more than 1 s.

5.5 Methods for checking tires and wheels

5.5.1 The requirements of 4.5.1 are checked by measuring the residual height of the tire tread pattern using special templates or a ruler.

5.5.1.1 The height of the pattern with uniform wear of the tire tread is measured in a section bounded by a rectangle, the width of which is not more than half the width of the tread tread, and the length is equal to 1/6 of the circumference of the tire (corresponding to the length of the arc, the chord of which is equal to the radius of the tire), located in the middle tread tread, and in case of uneven wear - in several areas with different wear, the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich has the same value.

5.5.1.2 The height of the pattern is measured in the areas of the greatest wear of the tread, but not in the areas of wear indicators, half-bridges and steps at the base of the tread pattern.

The wear limit of tires with wear indicators is fixed with uniform wear of the tread pattern by the appearance of one indicator, and with uneven wear - by the appearance of two indicators in each of the two wheel sections.

The tread height of tires with a solid rib in the center of the tread is measured at the edges of this rib.

The tread height of off-road tires is measured between the lugs in the center or in places the least distant from the center of the treadmill, but not along the ledges at the base of the lugs and not along the half-bridges.

5.5.2 The requirements of 4.5.3-4.5.8 are checked visually and by tapping bolted connections and fastening parts of disks and wheel rims.

5.6 Methods for checking the engine and its systems

5.6.2 The requirements of 4.6.2 are checked in accordance with GOST 21393.

5.6.3 The requirements of 4.6.3 are checked in accordance with GOST 17.2.02.06.

5.6.4 The requirements of 4.6.4-4.6.6 are checked organoleptically and by actuating fuel tank shut-off devices and fuel shut-off devices with the engine running. The technical condition of the fuel tank caps is checked by opening and closing them twice, the integrity of the sealing elements of the caps is checked visually. The tightness of the gas supply system is checked using a special indicator device - a leak detector.

5.6.5 The requirements of 4.6.7 are checked visually.

5.7 Methods for checking other structural elements

5.7.1 Requirements 4.7.1-4.7.3, 4.7.5, 4.7.10, 4.7.12, 4.7.15, 4.7.26 are checked visually. The light transmission of glasses according to 4.7.3 is checked according to GOST 27902.

5.7.2 The requirements of 4.7.4, 4.7.11, 4.7.14, 4.7.17, 4.7.21, 4.7.22, 4.7.24, 4.7.25 are checked by inspection, actuation and observation of the functioning and technical condition of the parts of the exchange .

5.7.3 The requirements of 4.7.6 are checked visually by changing the speedometer readings when the vehicle is moving on the road or on a roller stand to check speedometers, or to check traction and power qualities. The performance of tachographs is checked organoleptically.

5.7.4 The requirements of 4.7.7 are checked visually and by tapping the bolted connections, and, if necessary, using a torque wrench. The pressure at the control output of the floor level regulator is measured with a pressure gauge or an electronic meter, the maximum measurement error for which does not exceed 5.0%.

5.7.5 Requirements 4.7.8, 4.7.18, 4.7.19 are checked visually and with a ruler, and requirement 4.7.18 can be checked using a special template.

5.7.6 The requirements of 4.7.9, 4.7.13 are checked visually using special templates to control the inner and outer diameters of wearing parts or by measuring the indicated diameters with a caliper after uncoupling the tractor and trailer (semi-trailer).

5.7.7 The requirements of 4.7.16 are checked by applying non-standardized forces to parts of the vehicle.

5.7.8 The requirements of 4.7.20 are verified by measuring the vertical load on the trailer hitch with a dynamometer in the drawbar position corresponding to the hitch position.

5.7.9 The requirements of 4.7.23 are checked visually after 3 min. after stopping the vehicle, with the engine running.

5.8 Methods for checking the marking of automatic telephone exchanges.

Requirements 4.8.1-4.8.3 are checked visually.

5.6.1 The requirements of 4.6.1 are checked in accordance with GOST 17.2.2.03. 4.1.1 The service brake system of the vehicle must ensure that the braking efficiency standards are met on the stands according to Table 1 or in road conditions, Table 2 or 3. The initial braking speed during road tests is 40 km/h. The mass of the vehicle during checks should not exceed the permitted maximum. A measure of braking that characterizes the ability of the braking system to create the necessary artificial resistance to the movement of the vehicle. Braking to reduce vehicle speed as quickly as possible. Brake mechanism, the temperature of which, measured on the friction surface brake drum or brake disc less than 100°С τ st from the end of the deceleration ramp time to the end of deceleration. Labeled j set in Appendix B. The ratio of the sum of the braking forces on the wheels of the vehicle to the product of the mass of the vehicle and the acceleration of free fall (for a tractor and a trailer or semi-trailer, they are calculated separately). The distance traveled by the vehicle from the beginning to the end of braking. The totality of all braking systems of automatic telephone exchanges. The angle of rotation of the steering wheel from the position corresponding to the beginning of the turn of the steered wheels of the vehicle in one direction, to the position corresponding to the beginning of their turn in the opposite direction. A braking system designed to hold the vehicle stationary. Units, components and parts installed and (or) used in the design of the automatic telephone exchange, which are subject to requirements regulated by regulatory documents. A surface or device from which, in the presence of radiation, a relatively significant portion of the light rays of the original radiation is reflected in its direction. Max weight equipped vehicle with cargo (passengers), set by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable according to the operational documentation. A plane perpendicular to the plane of the supporting surface and passing through the middle of the vehicle track. A test performed with the senses of a qualified person without the use of measuring instruments. A set of devices designed to give a signal to start braking and to control the energy coming from an energy source or accumulator to the brake mechanisms. The position corresponding to the rectilinear movement of the vehicle in the absence of disturbing influences. vehicle speed at the start of braking. The point in time at which the brake system receives a signal to apply braking. Marked with a dot H in Appendix B. Part of the body structure (cabin) or some other part of the vehicle (for example, the seat frame), to which the seat belt is attached. Part of the supporting surface, the right and left boundaries of which are marked so that during the movement the horizontal projection of the vehicle onto the plane of the supporting surface does not cross them with a single point. A series of strips of reflective material intended to be applied to the vehicle in order to indicate its dimensions (outlines) on the side (side marking) and rear (rear marking). Type of mirrors characterized by one of the following combinations of characteristics and functions: class 1 - interior mirrors rear view flat or spherical; class 2 - the main external rear-view mirrors are spherical; class 3 - the main external rear-view mirrors are flat or spherical (a smaller radius of curvature is allowed than for class 2 mirrors); class 4 - wide-angle external rear-view mirrors spherical; class 5 - external side-view mirrors are spherical. The subdivision of the vehicle in accordance with the classification adopted in the Geneva Agreement (see Appendix A). all the requirements of regulatory documents for the design and technical condition of the vehicle. A brake system designed to reduce the speed of the vehicle in the event of a failure of the service brake system. rear collision. A brake system designed to reduce the energy load of the brake mechanisms of the ATS service brake system. The time interval for a monotonous increase in deceleration until the moment at which deceleration takes a steady value. Labeled τ n in Appendix B. Time interval from the start of braking until the moment of deceleration (braking force). Labeled τ s in Appendix B. The time interval from the start of braking to the moment at which the deceleration of the vehicle takes on a steady value during checks on the road (indicated by t av in Appendix B), or until the moment at which the braking force during tests on stands or takes the maximum value , or there is a blocking of the wheel of the ATC on the rollers of the stand. When checking on the stands, the response time is measured for each of the wheels of the vehicle. Brake system ATS with automatic control during braking of the degree of slippage of the wheels of the vehicle in the direction of their rotation. Vehicle consisting of a tractor unit and a semi-trailer or trailer(s) connected by a drawbar(s)

Intersectoral rules on labor protection in road transport in questions and answers. A manual for studying and preparing for the knowledge test Krasnik Valentin Viktorovich

6. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TECHNICAL CONDITION AND EQUIPMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES

6.1. General provisions

Question 331. What are the requirements for the cabin (salon) of the PBX?

Answer. The following requirements apply:

side windows should move smoothly with glass-lifting mechanisms;

dips, torn places, protruding springs and sharp corners are not allowed on the seat and back of the seat;

noise, vibration, microclimate and concentration of harmful substances in the cab of a truck, inside the cabin and cab of a bus and car body must comply with the values specified in the current state standards, sanitary norms and rules, hygienic standards;

heating devices of the cab and salon in cold weather must be operational; it is forbidden to use exhaust gases as a heat carrier for heating the cabin and passenger compartment, they can only be used for heating the coolant;

the floor of the cabin, interior and body of the vehicle must be covered with a rug that does not have holes or other damage (clause 6.1.2).

Question 332. What functions should the technical condition of the electrical equipment of the automatic telephone exchange provide?

Answer. It must ensure that the engine is started using a starter, uninterrupted and timely ignition of the mixture in the engine cylinders, trouble-free operation of lighting, signaling and electrical control devices, and also exclude the possibility of sparking in wires and clamps. All wires of electrical equipment must have reliable, undamaged insulation. The battery must be clean and securely fastened. It is forbidden to leak electrolyte from the storage battery monoblock (p. 6.1.5).

Question 333. What additional equipment should trucks and buses be equipped with when sent on a long-distance trip (lasting more than 1 day)?

Answer. Must be equipped with metal tragus, a shovel, a towing device, a safety fork for the wheel lock ring, and in winter time– additionally with snow chains (clause 6.1.8).

Question 334. What should additionally have automatic telephone exchanges working at the harvest?

Answer. They must have exhaust pipes equipped with spark arresters (clause 6.1.10).

From the book Intersectoral rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods in questions and answers. Study and preparation guide author

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT AND PACKAGING Question 119. What is the technology of cargo handling? Answer. It is a system of mechanized operations performed by a complex of lifting and transport machines and equipment: cranes -

From the book How to Extend the Life of Your Car author Zolotnitsky Vladimir

Rules for the provision of services (performance of work) for the maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 11, 2001 No.

From the book We service and repair the Volga GAZ-3110 author Zolotnitsky Vladimir Alekseevich

Rules for the provision of services (performance of work) for the maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 11, 2001 No.

From the book Intersectoral rules for labor protection in road transport in questions and answers. A guide for studying and preparing for a knowledge test author Krasnik Valentin Viktorovich

2.1. Maintenance, repair and inspection of the technical condition of motor vehicles 2.1.1. General provisions Question 8. Who should carry out the entry of the vehicle into production room stations and points of the state technical inspection(SGTO, PGTO) and their

From the book Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements. Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 author Team of authors

2.1.3. Washing vehicles, assemblies and parts Question 27. What requirements must be observed when washing vehicles, assemblies, assemblies and parts? Answer. It is mandatory to comply with the following requirements: washing must be carried out in specially designated places;

From the author's book

2.1.5. Checking the technical condition of vehicles and their units Question 40. How should the technical condition of vehicles and their units be checked when they are released onto the line and return from the line? Answer. It should be checked with braked wheels. Exception to this

From the author's book

2.3. Operation of vehicles 2.3.1. Movement on the territory of the organization, preparation for departure and work on the line Question 143. What requirements must be observed when starting the automatic telephone exchange engine with a starting handle? Answer. The following requirements must be met:

From the author's book

2.3.2. Additional requirements for the operation of motor vehicles in the winter season Question 162. Where should all maintenance, repair and inspection of the technical condition of the vehicle be carried out? Answer. Should be carried out, as a rule, in heated

From the author's book

2.3.5. Additional requirements for the operation of motor vehicles in isolation from the main base Question 180. What are the duties of the driver before loading vehicles onto railway platforms using lifting mechanisms? Answer. The driver must: disconnect the terminal from

From the author's book

2.5. Storage of vehicles Question 216. Where should tank cars be stored for the transport of combustible flammable substances? Answer. Should be stored in open areas, under sheds or in isolated one-story premises of ground garages,

From the author's book

3.4. Premises for storing vehicles Question 235. What should be the height of the premises and gates from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures and hanging equipment? Answer. Must exceed by at least 0.2 m highest altitude ATS and must be at least 2.0 m (p.

From the author's book

4.3. Open areas for the storage of vehicles Question 295. Where should open areas for the storage of vehicles be located? Answer. Should be located separately from buildings and structures at a distance established by the current regulations, depending

From the author's book

4.4. Temporary parking of motor vehicles Question 299. What requirements must meet the temporary parking of automatic telephone exchanges in the field? Answer. Must meet the following requirements: for parking, areas cleared of stubble, dry grass and deadwood should be allocated,

From the author's book

6.4. Requirements for the conversion of motor vehicles to run on gas fuel Question 345. What must be done when preparing a vehicle for the installation of gas-balloon equipment? Answer. You need to do: wash the PBX ( engine compartment, cab, frame, etc.); drain

State standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 51709-2001“Vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods "(approved by the Resolution of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of February 1, 2001 No. 47-st)

extracts

The requirements of the standard are mandatory and are aimed at ensuring road safety, life and health of people, safety of their property and environmental protection.

The technical condition of the automatic telephone exchange may be subject to additional requirements established by the relevant regulatory documents.

Application area

This standard applies to cars, buses, trucks, trailers and semi-trailers (hereinafter referred to as motor vehicles) operated on the roads.

The standard states:

safety requirements for the technical condition of motor vehicles (ATS);
maximum permissible values of the parameters of the technical condition of the vehicle that affect road safety and the state of the environment;
methods for checking the technical condition of automatic telephone exchanges in operation.

The standard does not apply to vehicles, the maximum speed of which, set by the manufacturer, does not exceed 25 km / h, and to off-road vehicles.

The standard should be applied when checking the technical condition of operated automatic telephone exchanges according to safety criteria.

Registered vehicles, in the design of which (including the design of components and items of additional equipment) changes have been made that affect road safety, are checked in accordance with the procedures approved in the prescribed manner.

The main terms used in the standard and their definitions are given in clause 3.

Requirements for the technical condition of the automatic telephone exchange

4.1. brake control requirements

4.2. Steering Requirements

4.3. Requirements for external lighting devices and retro-reflective markings

4.4. Requirements for windshield wipers and windshield washers

4.5. Tire and wheel requirements

4.6. Requirements for the engine and its systems

4.7. Requirements for other structural elements

4.8. Requirements for the marking of automatic telephone exchanges

Verification Methods

5.1. Brake Control Test Methods

5.2. Steering test methods

5.3. Test Methods for Exterior Lighting and Reflective Markings

5.4. Methods for testing windshield wipers and washer

5.5. Tire and Wheel Test Methods

5.6. Methods for checking the engine and its systems

5.7. Methods for checking other structural elements

5.8. Methods for checking the marking of automatic telephone exchanges.

_____________________________________________________

Head of the Transport Department Zuev Serafim

General provisions. The operation of vehicles that are vehicles of increased danger requires the implementation of the basic rules for preparing vehicles for work and traffic safety. Among the numerous factors affecting the safety and trouble-free operation of the car, the main ones should be highlighted: the technical condition of the car; the physical and mental state of the driver; a clear knowledge of the Rules of the Road, their unconditional implementation, as well as: the category and condition of the road; traffic intensity; driver's ability to evaluate the continuously changing traffic situation and make the right decisions in choosing the speed and direction of movement, skillfully coordinate their actions with the actions of other road users. The experience of the driver and the ability to properly use the technical capabilities of the car also affect traffic safety.

The designs of modern cars mostly meet the requirements safe operation. The preparation of vehicles of various types and purposes for operation and their maintenance in a normal technical condition are regulated. Particular attention is paid to the technical condition of systems that directly affect traffic safety. These include: the state of the working and parking brake systems; steering; external lighting devices; windshield wipers and washers; tires; engine and other elements provided for by the design of the car. It is forbidden to make changes to the design of the car that impair the safety of its operation.

The technical condition of the car. Brake system must act effectively without causing the vehicle to skid. The braking distance during road tests of the working brake system on a dry paved highway with a given initial speed should not exceed the established norms. The tightness of the hydraulic and pneumatic drives must not be broken. There must be no air in the hydraulic drive of the brakes. If free play pedal has increased or the control lamp of the signaling device has lit up, it is necessary to find out and eliminate the cause of the malfunction of the brakes and bleed the brake hydraulic drive, removing air from it. It is necessary to timely adjust and, if necessary, replace faulty parts or assemblies of the brake drive mechanism.

If the car is equipped with a pneumatic brake drive, then the car must not be started if the pressure in the pneumatic system of the drive is below 0.5 MPa, and it is necessary to prevent the pressure from dropping when driving below this value. At a pressure below 0.5 MPa, the control lamp on the instrument panel lights up. On long descents, the engine must not be turned off so as not to use up the entire supply of air from the pneumatic system cylinders. On vehicles with hydraulic brakes, the vacuum brake booster will not work when the engine is off.

Condensate from air cylinders is drained only when there is air pressure in the system. At high air humidity and in winter, condensate must be drained daily to prevent it from freezing in devices and pipelines. After draining, it is recommended to fill the system with air and stop the engine.

The trailer is coupled and uncoupled from the car only on a hard-surfaced horizontal platform. If the trailer is equipped with a combined brake drive, then only a two-wire system must be used when hitching.

The parking brake system must ensure a stationary standing: vehicles with a full load on a slope up to 16% inclusive; trucks and road trains in running order on a slope of 31% inclusive; cars and buses in running order on a slope up to 23% inclusive.

Steering must be in good technical condition. The total play in the steering must not exceed the allowable values. The rules of the road established that for cars and trucks created on their basis, the total play, measured by the angle of rotation of the steering wheel, should not be more than 10 °; for buses - 20°; for trucks - 25°.

For trucks with power steering, the steering wheel play with the engine running at low speeds should also not exceed 25 °, for a new car - no more than 15 °. Systematically check the play in the steering rod joints and drive parts. If there is a backlash, it is eliminated by adjustment, in necessary cases replace worn parts.

For vehicles equipped with power steering, prolonged towing of the vehicle with the engine off is prohibited. Do not turn off the engine on long descents and when coasting, as the hydraulic pump stops working and driving becomes difficult. You should not move for a long time with inverted in extreme position wheels, for example, when leaving the track, as the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic system may fail due to overheating of the oil. Short-term movement at low speed with a faulty hydraulic booster to the garage is allowed. The power steering system is factory filled with multigrade oil brand Div during the operation of its replacement is not required. During the operation of the car, the oil level in the hydraulic booster is monitored and topped up to the set level.

Tires. The condition of the tires affects their grip on the road. Passenger car tires must have a residual tread depth of at least 1.6 mm, trucks and their trailers - at least 1.0 mm, buses - at least 2.0 mm. Vehicles must be fitted with tires recommended by the manufacturer, according to type, size and permissible load. It is not allowed to install tires of different dimensions, different types (diagonal and radial) and with different tread patterns on one axle, as the vehicle's handling deteriorates. Tire pressure should be maintained in accordance with specifications on their operation and check when the tires are completely cool. Reducing tire pressure by 25% reduces their service life by 2 times. In addition, the condition of the tire tread and air pressure in them affect the stability and handling of the car. In cars high cross equipped with tires with a small number of cord layers and a system of centralized pressure change in them, it is allowed to reduce the air pressure only to improve the patency when overcoming difficult sections of the track. Reducing the pressure in tires below 0.05 MPa can lead to their failure.

External lighting fixtures. Their number, type and location must comply with the requirements of the vehicle design. They must be in good condition and adjusted so as not to interfere with other road users, and signal the start of movement and a change in direction of movement, stopping or maneuvering. It is not allowed to install and use external electric lighting devices that are not permitted by the Rules of the Road.

Windshield wipers and washers must be in good condition.

Engine. In the exhaust gases, there should not be an emission of toxic substances (CO, CH, NO x) more than prescribed by law. Before work, the car engine should be warmed up until it runs steadily for idling and do not start driving if the warning lights with red filters are on on the instrument panel. It is forbidden to warm up the engine in an enclosed area with poor ventilation in order to avoid poisoning by exhaust gases. There should be no violations of the tightness of the power supply system.