Palm oil for humans. Palm oil in food: harm or benefit to the body? Useful properties of red oil

21.03.2023

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The world's population is constantly increasing, and at the same time, people's need for food is increasing. One of the integral modern products is vegetable oil, obtained, among other things, from the fruits of the African oil palm. The rapid growth of plants and the warm climate allow for huge harvests several times a year. This makes the palm the most cost-effective source of vegetable oil.

The problem is that palm oil is considered more harmful than any other oil. There are a lot of myths around this product. Some media even published statements in which vegetable oil from palm fruits was compared to poison. But is it really so, and is it worth believing the stories about the dangers of palm oil?

What is palm oil made of

Previously, the product was practically not used in the food industry due to the high content of fatty acids in the free state. This resulted in an unpleasant taste. Technological development has made it possible to create methods to reduce the concentration of fatty acids, resulting in the taste of palm oil becoming close to neutral. Processing does not lead to the appearance of trans fats, and therefore the product does not pose any carcinogenic hazard.

The basis of palm oil is triglycerides of fatty acids, it also contains carotenoids, vitamin E and many other components. All this leads to the use of the product as a substitute for milk fat. An alternative to conventional dairy production is being created, and the opposition is largely coming from the traditional producers of milk products, who are facing serious competition.

Applications

Due to a number of outstanding chemical and physical properties, the product has become widespread as a vegetable fat. There are many uses for palm oil:

The original product was widely used due to its cheapness and availability. The production of food and even technical fluids is becoming more economical.

Useful Features

This plant substance contains in its composition a large number of strong antioxidants that have a positive effect on the state of the body. All this is actively used for medical and cosmetic purposes. The presence of tocotrienols in the consumed product reduces the number of free radicals, and therefore is an effective means of preventing cancer.

The triglycerins in the product are easily and quickly digested, and when they enter the liver, they become a source of additional energy. They are not fixed in the bloodstream.

If the human digestive system does not cope well with the digestion of fats, then only products with palm oil will be indicated for consumption. The presence of oleic and linoleic acids helps to lower the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. In addition, bones, joints are strengthened, skin is healed.

In a global sense, the main useful property of the substance in question is the simplicity of its preparation, as well as its low cost. As a result, food production costs are reduced. The manufacturability of the product also becomes an advantage - in its original form it is solid, and very convenient for use in baking and confectionery purposes.

What harm can it do?

The likely harm of a product may depend on the purpose for which and in what form it is used. If it has not been rectified, it cannot be used for food production. Only properly purified, refined and fractionated material can enter the food industry.

Despite all the advantages of the product, it also has enough disadvantages:

Also, the production of palm oil is harmful to nature, because in order to increase the production of the product, it is necessary to reduce the area of tropical forests. Ordinary vegetation is simply replaced with oil palms. In the long term, this reduces biodiversity and threatens the existence of many rare species.

Can you eat palm oil products?

Food products containing a refined and deodorized substance are completely suitable for consumption, and in terms of effects on the body are no different from analogues with other oils. Palm oil contains many useful substances and vitamins; in terms of calories, it also coincides with other vegetable analogues.

In a purified form, the product loses a certain amount of useful components, but does not acquire harmful ones. Accordingly, food of this type can be eaten without any fear. The main thing is not to overeat, because the daily intake is less than 2 grams. At the same time, great lovers of confectionery due to excessive nutrition can bring the daily consumed dose to 10 grams, which already has certain negative consequences for the body.

Can I buy baby food with palm oil?

One of the main disadvantages of the product is its bad effect on the growing children's body, and therefore it is categorically not recommended to buy baby food with palm oil. The fact is that the child's body is not yet sufficiently developed - it cannot fully extract useful substances from the product, which means that it is far from being fully absorbed. Children should be protected as much as possible from food with the addition of palm oil.

However, there is a special modification of the product, called beta-palminate, or structured oil. In it, by artificial means, the content of harmful substances is minimized. Infant formulas with beta-palminate are much more expensive than usual, but are easily absorbed by the child's body. They do not have a carcinogenic effect, they do not disrupt the digestive tract and do not adversely affect bone growth.

Varieties

Several types of palm oil are used in the food and technical industries. Here are the most common ones:

Red. The most natural thanks to a special production technology that preserves the maximum of useful substances. According to some researchers, the benefits of the product may be comparable to its olive counterpart.
Refined and deodorized product. Recycled and purified, colorless and odorless. It is he who is supplied to the food industry. Useful properties are the same as those of the original red oil, but less pronounced.
Technical oil. It is used for the production of cosmetics, soaps, lubricants and other products. Due to insufficient purification, the substance contains a large amount of oxidized fats that can harm the body. The use of such a product for food production is prohibited.

In the global food industry, there have been cases when manufacturers used technical oil instead of refined and deodorized oil - in order to further save money. This fact explains most of the fears about palm oil.

Common myths

For a number of reasons, a real hysteria in the media began around palm oil. It is quite possible that it was provoked by the actions of companies that do not use this product in their products. If so, then the hype is largely due to simply unfair competition. Be that as it may, many absurd myths were born:

There are several other myths, but they are also based on inferences that have no real basis. All myths are completely broken by the results of authoritative scientific research.

You will find interesting information about palm oil in the following video:

Should we be afraid of palm oil?

Summing up, we can conclude that there is nothing wrong with the product. Like any other food, it can be both harmful and beneficial. It all depends on compliance with the technology of production, transportation, cooking. The palm oil used in the food industry is refined and deodorized, the content of harmful substances in it is scanty, and does not exceed the values allowed by GOSTs. This means that the distribution of this product does not pose any danger to human health.

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Palm oil is bad for your health! This is what doctors are constantly talking about, warning us, ordinary consumers, that we should not use food products containing it in their composition. But what if now most of the products are made using this type of oil? So you don't need to eat at all? Or switch exclusively to natural food? And is palm oil really bad?

To begin with, it is worth understanding what it actually is. So, the type of a special Guinean palm tree is used to create it. This oil is composed for the most part of what allows it to be the only one with a composition almost identical to that of animal fat.

The main use of palm oil is production, for example, as a lubricant for equipment in metallurgical plants. However, for some time now, palm oil has become a regular guest in our kitchens: it is part of most of the products that can be found in any store. This ingredient is added to many flour and confectionery products, chocolate, ice cream, condensed milk, french fries and almost all instant products. In addition, it is often the main component of margarine, spread or "light" butter.

The main (and perhaps the only) positive quality of palm oil is that the vegetable fatty acids contained in it can significantly increase the shelf life of the products in which it is included. Also, this oil has a very low price. It is these factors that make such an ingredient indispensable for most manufacturers. However, otherwise - yes, it is safe to say that palm oil is harmful.

It is a rather refractory product, that is, its melting requires a much higher temperature than for other products and higher than the human body has. Thus, such oil does not melt in the stomach, but remains, taking the form of a sticky mass that resembles window grease.

However, most have probably heard that the benefits have long been proven by doctors. The fact is that this statement applies exclusively to oils, which consist of unsaturated fats. Among other things, healthy vegetable oils contain up to seventy-five percent, the content of which in palm oil is almost zero. The most useful are olive and corn vegetable oils, while palm oil practically does not contain any substances necessary for the normal functioning of the human body. This is why palm oil is unhealthy.

Of which such oil consists, they contribute to an increase in the level of cholesterol, the negative effect of which has long been proven: it, like plasticine, clogs blood vessels, which causes heart disease and atherosclerosis. Among other things, palm oil is harmful because it is a carcinogen, which, with its constant use, can cause the appearance and growth of cancerous tumors.

Now that it has become clear how harmful palm oil is, you should think about how to limit its use in food. There is only one way out: pay attention to labels and packaging when buying goods. If palm oil occupies one of the first places in the composition of the product, you should not hesitate to put it back on the shelf. Of course, products obtained using palm oil will definitely be cheaper than more useful "brothers", but you should not save on your own health and the health of your loved ones, because you cannot buy it for any money.

Palm oil is made from the fruit of the oil palm. And the oil obtained from the seeds of this palm tree is called palm kernel oil. In Russia, palm oil has been used relatively recently. It is ideal for baking, as well as confectionery, especially those intended for long-term storage. Currently, palm oil has become widespread, the benefits and harms of which are still being studied, and disputes around it do not subside.

Application of palm oil

Due to its interesting chemical and physical properties, palm oil has become one of the most widely used vegetable oils in the world. This is also due to the fact that it is easily accessible and very cheap. Palm oil is highly resistant to oxidation, so it can be stored for a long time.

Basically, palm oil is used in the food industry. It is used in the preparation of waffles, biscuit rolls, cakes, creams, semi-finished products are fried on it. Palm oil is part of processed cheese, condensed milk, combined butter, it is added to curd desserts and. Many modern recipes cannot do without palm oil. They also partially replace milk fat. In general, it is easier to list those products that do not contain palm oil than those in which it is present.

Palm oil, whose use is not limited to the food industry, is also used in the manufacture of candles and soap. In cosmetology, it is usually used to care for dry and aging facial skin, as it nourishes, softens and moisturizes the skin.

Palm oil is useful for some diseases. For example, with vision problems: night blindness, blepharitis, glaucoma, conjunctivitis and others. Due to its medicinal properties, palm oil is recommended for the treatment of various diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

The benefits of palm oil

Many are interested in the question: "Is palm oil harmful or beneficial?"

If we talk about its benefits, then first of all it must be emphasized that it contains a large amount of carotenoids, the strongest antioxidants that are of great value to the human body. Carotenoids have a positive effect on weakened hair and skin. Therefore, it is used by many well-known cosmetic companies.

Palm oil holds the record for vitamin E content, which consists of tocotrienols and tocopherol. Tocotrienols are extremely rare in plants and fight free radicals that cause cancer.

Palm oil is rich in triglycerols, which are digested very quickly, and when they enter the liver, they go to produce energy without entering the bloodstream. This oil is especially useful for people who do not digest other fats well, as well as those who follow the figure and athletes.

Also in palm oil there are many unsaturated fats: oleic and linoleic acids, which contribute to. These acids are involved in the structuring of bones, joints and are beneficial for skin health.

Provitamin A ensures the functioning of the vision analyzer, is involved in the production of visual pigment in the retina.

Palm oil. A few numbers...

Harm of palm oil

The main disadvantage of palm oil is its high content of saturated fats. The same fats are present in butter. Many scientists argue that the consumption of large amounts of saturated fat contributes to the occurrence of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Linoleic acid in palm oil contains only 5%, it is on this indicator that the quality and price of vegetable oils depend. Vegetable oils contain on average 71 - 75% of this acid, and the more it is, the more valuable the type of oil.

Statistics from the World Wildlife Fund says that half of all packaged foods contain palm oil. Companies are increasing the production of this oil and for this purpose wild tropical forests are cut down, and oil palm plantations are planted in their place. As a result of deforestation, rare species of animals die - also indirect, but harmful.

What happens, palm oil is harmful or beneficial? Surprisingly, the benefits and harms of the oil are comparable. For example, because of the saturated fats of the oil, when it is consumed, heart problems occur, but at the same time, it contains vitamins A, E, which make palm oil useful in the prevention of heart disease and cancer. Palm oil is valued for its content of linoleic acid, but at the same time it is much less than in other oils. Some strange combination of harmful and beneficial properties is obtained - maybe the researchers were British scientists or made a mistake somewhere? No, everything is much simpler - palm oil comes in several varieties.

Types of palm oil

The most useful and natural is red palm oil. To obtain it, a sparing technology is used, in which most of the useful substances are preserved. This oil has a red color due to the high content of carotene (it gives orange color and red to tomatoes).

Red palm oil has a sweet taste and smell. The researchers concluded that in the process of refining palm oil, useful substances come out of it. And raw red palm oil contains a huge amount of nutrients. The described beneficial properties of palm oil mainly refer to red palm oil. It has long been eaten by the indigenous people of Central and West Africa, Central America and Brazil. In Africa, red palm oil is popular as an excellent fatty raw material. Some scientists argue that this oil does not differ in its beneficial properties from olive oil, which is so popular among Europeans.

Refined and deodorized palm oil is another product. It is odorless and colorless. This is done specifically for use in the food industry. There is GOST R 53776-2010, which specifies the requirements for edible palm oil. This oil has the same beneficial properties as red palm oil, but in much smaller quantities.

There is another variety of palm oil that is used to make cosmetics, soaps, and more. This oil is five times cheaper than other types of palm oil. It differs from edible oil in its acid-fat composition. Due to the low degree of purification, it contains a lot of harmful oxidized fats. It happens that unscrupulous manufacturers add such oil to products, the use of which in the human body causes the accumulation of free radicals that provoke cancer. Also, the use of such oil leads to the formation of cholesterol plaques.

Experts are sure that some manufacturers use this oil in the production of food products. Speaking about the dangers of palm oil, they basically mean just such a possibility. It is very difficult to bring the case to court, since it is very difficult to identify this oil in products, so there have been no precedents yet.

Four myths about palm oil

Palm oil is indigestible because it melts at temperatures above human body temperature. This is not so, fats are digested in the human body not under the influence of temperatures.
Palm oil is banned in developed countries. This is not true, for example, 10% of palm oil produced is consumed by the United States.
Palm oil can only be used in the metallurgical industry and in soap making. In fact, palm oil has a wider range of uses. It is known that it was even used during World War II to produce napalm. But this does not mean that it absolutely cannot be used for food.
Palm oil is produced from the trunk of a palm tree. This is not true, it is made from the fleshy part of the oil palm fruit.

The benefits and harms of palm oil are known to many. Palm oil has a number of useful properties, some of which are even unique, but this applies only to red palm oil.

To eat palm oil or not, everyone decides for himself. We have tried to give you some information.

There are many varieties of vegetable oils in the world. Palm oil also finds its application, which is used not only in industry and cosmetology, but also in nutrition.

And in the latter case, you can often hear that it is a complete harm to humans.

What kind of oil is it, why is it harmful and what exactly is the danger?

Compound

Palm oil is produced from the fruit of the oil palm tree.

The composition, quality and degree of usefulness differ significantly depending on the type of product.
It is made from the fruits of the oil palm tree, which is common in the tropics. The most natural is red palm oil, the harm or benefit of which is generally comparable to the properties of any cold-pressed vegetable oil. Also on the market is a refined product that loses some of its properties during processing, and palm kernel oil made from seeds.

What is palm oil made of? The properties of a given product are determined by its chemical composition. In fact, this is a cocktail of various fatty acids, and there are very few vitamins and minerals.

The main substances are the following:

Myristic acid, which is not absorbed by the intestines and leaves the body with stool, therefore does not affect health;
Palmitoleic acid, due to which the production of nerve cells is carried out, cholesterol and blood pressure are reduced;
Lauric acid, which fights pathogenic bacteria and viruses, improves mental activity and moisturizes the skin;
Vitamin E, which has a positive effect on nails, skin, hair, the functioning of the thyroid gland, has a rejuvenating effect;
Vitamin A, which normalizes metabolism, the functioning of the immune system, is necessary for vision;
Phosphorus, important for brain function, cell regeneration, metabolism, heals the skin, teeth, hair, bones;
Capric, caprylic, peanut, stearic acid may be present.

So, in the composition there are only two significant vitamins and one trace element. The main share is occupied by fatty acids - both saturated and unsaturated. The calorie content of the product is very high - 100 grams contain as much as 899 kcal.

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Is palm oil good for humans?

Palm oil - harm or benefit prevail from its presence in food? Consider first the positive properties of this substance. So, what is the use of natural natural oil? It is a powerful antioxidant that has a beneficial effect on the cells of the body. It protects against the negative effects of toxins, from oxidation, which prevents premature aging. Unsaturated fats in the composition are important for the health of the heart and blood vessels.

More specifically, the benefits to the body are expressed as follows:

Improving brain function, as unsaturated fatty acids stimulate mental activity;
Satisfying hunger. A high-calorie product quickly saturates and suppresses appetite;
Body cleansing. Linoleic and oleic acids lower cholesterol levels, thereby preventing heart and vascular diseases;
Giving strength. Due to triglycerides, cells are saturated with oxygen, energy is added, efficiency and mood increase;
Solving the problem of exhaustion of the body. With this product, it is easy to gain weight, as it is high in calories;
Vision care. Vitamin A strengthens the retina, prevents detachment, prevents the development of cataracts;
Improved digestion. Bile secretion increases, due to which the liver is effectively cleansed of harmful deposits. As a result, the organs of the digestive tract are protected from the development of inflammation.

To learn more about the benefits of palm oil, watch the video:

What is dangerous for the body?

Is a palm fruit product really harmful, or can the myth be easily dispelled? What are the health implications? The main problem lies in the processing of palm oil. For the convenience of manufacturers, the natural product is subjected to the so-called hydrogenation. Unsaturated fatty acids, about the beneficial effects of which on our health so much has been said, are artificially enriched with hydrogen and, accordingly, turn into saturated ones, and the state of aggregation of the original substance changes from liquid to solid. And for the further production of food products, this, simply speaking, palm margarine is already used.

Is palm oil harmful to humans?
Unfortunately, the answer is unambiguous, confirmed by numerous studies and conclusions of the WHO, because:

Saturated fats negatively affect the walls of blood vessels, forming fatty deposits on them. In addition, cholesterol levels rise, the heart and the entire vascular system suffer. As a result, a stroke, heart attack, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease can develop;
With regular consumption of food prepared with hardened palm oil, harm to human health will be the accumulation of toxins and toxins, due to which the walls of blood vessels will narrow. In this state, there is a high risk of blood clots, the appearance of varicose veins;
It is already known that this product is very high in calories;
In addition, since hydrogenated palm oil is obtained artificially, some molecules in the composition of the substance acquire unnatural properties that are impossible in nature, and the result is the infamous “trans fats” that do not bring our body any benefit, only harm. Eating trans fats significantly increases the risk of failures in the metabolic mechanism, leading to clogging of blood vessels, intestines, and liver. Body weight will gradually increase, which will lead to obesity.

However, how harmful palm oil is - determines the amount of its use. When using the product in small portions, there is no danger.
There is also refined deodorized palm oil - is it harmful to the body? In fact, this type of product is similar to the red kind. The method of hot pressing is used for its manufacture, after which it loses its taste and smell. No additional negative points arise, but the value is reduced due to the loss of some useful substances.

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What is harmful in infant formula?

For babies, a quality formula for artificial feeding plays a huge role. To bring its composition closer to natural human breast milk, manufacturers use a variety of oils, including those made from palm fruits. Is palm oil in infant formula harmful? Discussions about this are still ongoing. Whether the content of this product is dangerous in infant formula, we will analyze in more detail.
For children, the benefit of palm oil lies in the presence of vitamins A and E, as well as the important palmitic acid. They strengthen the nervous and brain tissues, bones, teeth, improve vision. It is also an excellent source of energy. Why is palm oil in infant formula dangerous? Unfortunately, the necessary and useful substances contained in the milk of a nursing mother and obtained in food production still have some differences.

Harm to the body of a child of palm olein is expressed in a high probability of the following pathological processes:

constipation;
stomach colic;
food allergy;
Washing out calcium from the body;
Frequent vomiting.

You will learn the opinion of pediatricians about palm oil in baby food from the video:

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Why is it harmful to women's health?

For the development of the fetus, this product is useful for the presence of vitamins A and E and all the same healing fatty acids - of course, if we are talking about a natural product that has not been processed. Is the content of palm margarine in products consumed by women during pregnancy harmful? And here it all has to do with the presence of saturated fats. Palm oil in products for expectant mothers is dangerous in the same way as for other people. Due to the complex digestion of the product, the load on the intestines increases. Also, the negative impact extends to the vessels and the heart. However, the main blow is taken by the mother's body, and there is no strong influence on the development of the fetus itself.

Product use

Palm oil, among many other vegetable fats, stands out for its affordable price. Moreover, due to its properties, the use of the product is very extensive. It is used in the food industry, cosmetology, medicine. As a result, the resulting goods are obtained at a cost much more profitable for producers and cheaper for consumers.

In the food industry

Despite scientific evidence that hydrogenated palm oil is harmful in food, the use of this and similar fats in food production became widespread in the 20th century. This is due to the ability of hardened vegetable fats to extend the shelf life of products.

The areas of application are as follows:

For the production of dairy products such as sour cream, cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese, condensed milk, margarine, butter. More precisely, for cheaper substitutes for natural dairy products;
For deep-frying for the purpose of cooking chips, chicken wings, french fries;
For confectionery products such as cookies, icing, muffins, sweets, biscuits, creams;
For the manufacture of baby food.

In chocolate, the benefits and harms of palm fat are identical to those in other products: benefits to the manufacturer, harm to the body of the sweet tooth. Do not abuse chocolate with a substitute. Its composition is unnatural, so there may be problems with the cardiovascular system, obesity may appear. Plus, it just doesn't taste good.

In cosmetology

Harm or benefit in cosmetics from a palm fruit product? This ingredient is added to moisturizers and other cosmetics. It promotes healing of cracks and wounds on the skin. Also, palm oil for the skin is a good moisturizer that nourishes it perfectly. That is why very often palm oil in cosmetology is found in moisturizing creams.
In addition, this substance finds its application for hair, since the content of vitamin E has a beneficial effect on them. Palm oil for the face has a rejuvenating effect, nourishes, softens the skin, smoothes wrinkles.

Summing up

So after all, what information about palm oil is more reliable, about the dangers or benefits of the product? It is recommended to eat red oil, which preserves the natural benefits of vegetable raw materials and does not contain artificial trans fats, the main thing is not to abuse it, and then no harm will occur. Unfortunately, in our latitudes, this product is quite rare on sale.

And when discussing whether palm oil is dangerous for humans, it is important to clarify that any artificially saturated fatty acids, not only those obtained from the notorious tropical palm, bring undoubted and proven harm to health.

Some unscrupulous manufacturers do not indicate vegetable fats on the packaging of their products. To determine their availability, you should pay attention to the shelf life and price. In addition, attentive buyers will definitely be alerted by the wording on the package: “curd product”, “creamy-vegetable spread”, “substitute ...” and the like.
You can also check the quality of purchased products at home. For example, cheese should not stick and crumble, natural butter quickly melts in the palm of your hand and leaves a film on the surface, sour cream does not thicken in the refrigerator.

Where does it come from

Palm oil is obtained in several ways. The first is from palm seeds, it is called stone palm or kernel palm. It is widely used in cosmetology and as a medicine.

The second is obtained from the fleshy part of the fruit of the oil palm. It is used for the production of stearin, in soap making, as a material for lubricating metallurgical and other equipment. Today it is also widely used in the food industry. It has a reddish-orange color, pleasant smell, nutty taste. Despite the ability to enhance the taste of a culinary product, palm oil is harmful to health.

According to statistics, approximately 35 million tons of palm oil are produced annually. The largest producers are located in Malaysia, Indonesia.

Improves taste - clogs blood vessels

Palm and coconut oils are very high in saturated fats. These fats from vegetable sources are very resistant to environmental influences. Therefore, the products, which they are part of, are stored for a long time, do not lose their taste. In other words, it is a good preservative. Using it, the presentation of products improves, taste characteristics increase, shelf life increases, and the cost of the product decreases. But if it is economically beneficial for producers, it is very harmful for consumers.

Nutritionists explain the saturated fats found in palm oil are harmful to human health. The human digestive system is not adapted to such food. The use of saturated fats leads to a violation of lipid metabolism, an increase in cholesterol levels, as a result of which blood vessels are affected, atherosclerotic processes occur. The body wears out and ages faster.

Previously, it was believed that vegetable margarine is healthier than butter. But since manufacturers began to massively replace olive, sunflower, corn oils with palm and coconut oils, margarine has become hazardous to health.

palm oil unhealthy

In many countries, they refused to import this product and limited its use in the food industry, since its use causes serious damage to the health of citizens. Saturated fatty acids are poorly soluble in the human digestive system. They, like plasticine, have the ability to be deposited on the walls of blood vessels, forming atherosclerotic deposits, blood clots. This provokes the development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's disease. In addition, palm oil is a very strong carcinogen. Therefore, it can cause oncological processes.

The harm of palm oil is also in the ability to cause some kind of addiction. It enhances the taste of the product, as it were, makes you want it more and more. Over time, it can be very difficult to give up your favorite dishes, such as chips, hamburgers, some types of ice cream, sweets, sauces, convenience foods.

Nutritionists advise eliminate foods containing this cheap fat substitute from your diet. When shopping at a grocery store, read the label carefully. If the product contains palm oil, do not buy it.

You should be especially careful when buying products for children. The dangerous ingredient can be used as a milk substitute, added to ready-made breakfast cereals.

Oils containing a large amount of linoleic acid are considered valuable. The more its content, the more valuable the variety. In vegetable oil of medium quality, the content of linoleic acid is approximately 70-75%. Healthy are olive, corn, sunflower. In palm - linoleic acid is only 5%.

Be careful what you eat! Do not eat foods that are harmful to your health!