Cars of the USSR era: GAZ-24-02 Volga

Unlike the Volga of the first generation, the "twenty-fourth" platform was originally designed to be equipped with sedan and station wagon bodies. The appearance of the passenger-and-freight version of the GAZ-24 was not associated with design "impromptu", however, this modification, like its predecessor "Volga" GAZ-22, was not often seen on the roads of the country.

The development of a new family of middle-class passenger cars at the Gorky Automobile Plant began three years after the launch of the Volga M-21. "Architectural features" perspective model from the very beginning were determined by its type and purpose. For a middle-class car, only the classic layout was used: front-wheel drive and rear-engine schemes in those years were used mainly on small cars. Five seats is the norm for a Volga car. New car it was planned to equip at least a new four-cylinder inline engine, and ideally it was supposed to create more powerful V-shaped motors- six- and eight-cylinder. Extensive operating experience in the country's auto fleet "Volga" M-21 made it possible to revise some design solutions.

At the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, Gorky was already designing a station wagon car based on the GAZ-21 Volga and faced many engineering problems, adapting the existing design to new body. Therefore, when starting to design the promising GAZ-24 model, the designers immediately laid down the possibility of production on common platform sedan, station wagon and its sanitary version.

In the early 1960s, European automotive design changed its orientation dramatically: the pretentiousness and massiveness, which were cultivated by the American automobile industry, were replaced by the balance of volumes and conciseness of forms, underlined straight lines and pronounced edges.

MORE CARGO, LESS COMFORT

The design of the load-bearing body of the new "Volga" did not contain anything revolutionary. The main difference from the previous model was the refusal to fasten the subframe to the floor panel with bolts. From now on, the entire power frame was assembled into a single whole by welding. It is worth noting the possibility of assembling passenger-and-freight bodies without "surgical intervention" in the "skeleton", which was originally incorporated into the supporting basis.

The ZMZ-24D engine, designed specifically for the new car, was a "revised and expanded edition" of the GAZ-21 engine. On the previous block of cylinders with a volume of 2445 cm 3 hoisted new head, due to which the compression ratio increased to 8.2, and the power increased to 98 hp. Alas, this engine was destined to remain the only power unit of the new "Volga": neither the six- nor the eight-cylinder GAZ-24 engine was ever delivered.

GAZ has always produced station wagons in limited quantities. The new Volga was no exception. First of all on new model claimed by various government organizations and taxi companies. Applications also came from abroad: the country needed a currency, so there were no restrictions for foreign buyers. And only a few cars left after such a "distribution" entered the domestic market. As a rule, well-known, honored people - artists, composers, writers - became their owners. This model was, for example, Yuri Vladimirovich Nikulin.

Since few such cars fell into private hands, even in the design process, they tried to add more cargo functions to the station wagon by converting back cabin: as a result, it has become less comfortable. Besides rear springs strengthened by providing them with an additional sheet, and developed special "truck" tires 7.35-14 with a reinforced cord. Due to this, the GAZ-24-02 managed to achieve a load capacity of 400 kg (with the rear seats folded), while the same figure for the VAZ-2102 and Moskvich-427 was 290 kg.

The dimensions of the GAZ-2402 made it possible to implement the concept of a transformer by placing three rows of seats in the cabin, so in the rear of the body between wheel arches made an extra double seat. To ensure the passage of passengers to the "gallery", the rightmost section of the three-seater middle row of seats was made folding. When folding the two rear rows of seats, it was necessary to get a flat cargo area, turning into the trunk floor, so the seat backs had to be made very thin. Only the front seats of the station wagon remained the "regular" design.

Despite the larger number of seats compared to the sedan and the increased volume of the body, the GAZ-24-02 station wagons have always remained "an amateur" car. Even in taxi fleets, they were in limited demand: they were ordered, as a rule, in cases where it was necessary to transport bulky cargo, and as ordinary taxis, passengers did not favor them, rightly indignant at the uncomfortable and hard rear seats.

The disadvantages include a large loading height (74 cm), given by the architecture of the trunk and interior. The need for such a loading height was dictated by one unique feature car. The fact is that under the trunk floor there was another “technical floor”, where the spare wheel and tools were located, and access to this economy was carried out through a special hatch in the lower part of the rear wall of the body under the fifth door. In the event of a breakdown, it was not necessary to unload luggage from the car in order to get essential tool or a spare wheel, as had to be done on Moskvich or Zhiguli with similar bodies.

DYNASTY FOUNDER

New base model GAZ-24 was ready for production in the second half of 1967. However, politics intervened: the outbreak of the Arab-Israeli armed conflict, in which Soviet Union provided technical support to one of the parties, forced Gorky Automobile Plant throw all resources into the production of BTR-60P and trucks. The release of the GAZ-24 was postponed, but the designers did not waste time: having transferred the fate of the sedan into the hands of technologists, they began pre-series refinement of the station wagon.

In the spring and summer of 1970, when mass production of the GAZ-24 was being mastered, the experimental station wagons GAZ-24-02 were being tested. Mass production GAZ-24-02 managed to be adjusted in December 1972, and since 1975 the production of the sanitary version of the station wagon began - GAZ-24-03. About 5 thousand station wagons were produced per year and medical versions taken together. This is not much at all, considering that the total circulation of passenger cars at GAZ in other years exceeded the mark of 70 thousand.

In the mid-70s, as the base sedan was modernized, updates were "copied" to station wagons. In 1977, orange repeaters appeared on the front fenders, and in 1978, "fangs" on front bumper And fog lights front in standard equipment. At the same time, the platform for the front license plate lost its chrome side stops.

The GAZ-24-02 station wagon was produced by the Gorky Automobile Plant from December 1972 to 1987. In 1987, it was replaced by the GAZ-24-12 model - a cargo-passenger version of the modernized GAZ-24-10, the production of which continued until 1992.

GAZ-24-04 taxi. A taxi based on a station wagon was created simultaneously with the "common civilian" GAZ-24-02. It was assumed that these cars will take an intermediate position between classic taxis and "minibuses" and can be used to transport medium-sized cargo. The taxis differed from the basic station wagon in derated GAZ(ZMZ)-2401 engines with a power of 85 hp, designed for cheap "76th" gasoline, seat upholstery, the absence of a receiver and "taxi" devices: a flashlight with a green light at the upper right corner of the windshield glass and counter. In the mid-70s, an orange checkered lantern began to be installed on the roof. Among taxi drivers, this modification was nicknamed "barn".

GAZ-24-03 sanitary. Despite the fact that the medical modification of the station wagon was adapted for transporting a bedridden patient, it was used mainly for home visits by doctors. A glazed partition was installed behind the backs of the front seats. The right half of the remaining part of the cabin was intended for retractable stretchers, to the left of which there were two single folding seats.
The medical bay had additional heater under the flooring, connected to the "basic" heater of the front half of the passenger compartment. A searchlight was installed at the right front window, and a round lantern with a red cross was installed on the roof. ambulance car appeared in the Volga family in 1975.

GAZ-24-77. For European countries, where "Volga" in the performance of "station wagon" were in good demand, the Gorky Automobile Plant, together with the Belgian importer Scaldia Volga produced since the late 70s special modification GAZ-24-77 with diesel engines Peugeot power from 50 to 70 hp From the usual GAZ-24-02 diesel cars differed in better coloring, cast rims with an original pattern, all kinds of additional moldings and nameplates and a black plastic radiator grille with an inscription Volga. In the mid-80s, this grille, instead of a chrome metal one, began to be installed on the modernized Volga GAZ-24-10 and its modifications, and until that moment the black grille remained the exclusive decoration of diesel versions.

Aircraft escort vehicle type "Export". A mobile tracking station based on the GAZ-2402, designed for the operational control of the movement of aircraft at the airport, was developed at the Moscow pilot plant No. 408 GA. The set of standard equipment included radio stations "Palma" and R-860 II, which made it possible to maintain communication with both the control room and the "client" board. Externally, the car was distinguished by a special paint (orange with a red "edge"), flashing beacon and a ceiling, on the front end of which was written "Aeroflot", and on the back - " follow me"(" Follow me "). The prototype was created in 1972 to escort the plane of US President Nixon at the Minsk airport. Small-scale production of a special car began in 1974. A total of 39 cars were built.

Scheme of the car GAZ-24-02 "Volga"

Specifications GAZ-24-02 "Volga"

Number of places	7		Weight:
Max speed	140 km/h		curb	1550 kg
Acceleration to 100 km/h	21 s		complete, including:	2040 kg
Fuel consumption at 80 km/h	11.0 l/100 km		to the front axle	920 kg
Braking distance from 80 km/h	43.2 m		on rear axle	950 kg
electrical equipment	12V
Accumulator battery:	6ST-60		Smallest turning radius:
Generator	G-250-N1		along the trace axis of the outer front wheel	5.6 m
Relay-regulator:	RR-350
Starter	ST-230-B		Lowest ground clearance	174 mm
Distributor breaker	R-119-B
Spark plug	A17B
Tire size	7,35 - 14

GAZ 24 modifications

GAZ-24-01, 1970-1971, to work in a taxi. It was equipped with a derated engine ZMZ-24-01, a special body marking of the “checkered” type, a green lamp “free”, and a leatherette interior trim that allows sanitation.
GAZ-24-02, 1972-1987, was mass-produced with a five-door station wagon body.
GAZ-24-03, sanitary based on GAZ-24-02.
GAZ-24-04, with a five-door station wagon to work in a taxi. It was equipped with a derated ZMZ-24-01 engine.
GAZ-24-07, 1977-1985, for work in a taxi, equipped with a gas-cylinder installation.
GAZ-24-24, version for special services, "catch-up" or "escort car". Equipped with a modified power plant from GAZ-13 "Seagull" - engine ZMZ-2424, V8, 5.53 l, 195 l. With. and three-stage automatic transmission gears, as well as power steering. It also had a reinforced body and undercarriage. Maximum speed - up to 170 km / h.
GAZ-24-54, right-hand drive export modification(less than 1000 copies produced).
GAZ-24-95, an experimental all-wheel drive modification, created using GAZ-69 units, salient feature construction - no frame.
GAZ-24A-247 And GAZ-24A-948, respectively, a van and a pickup truck, produced in small quantities from emergency taxi cars at the Voronezh Automobile Repair Plant. In addition to him, larger batches of pickups and vans were also produced at the Riga and Cheboksary car repair plants (model CHARZ-274).
GAZ-24-76 "Scaldia"- export modification of the Volga GAZ-24 with a sedan body, produced in the late 1970s.
GAZ-24-77 "Scaldia"- export modification of the Volga GAZ-24 with a station wagon body, produced in the late 1970s.
Car kits of these models were supplied for small-scale assembly of the Belgian company Scaldia-Volga S.A .. The power unit was a diesel Peugeot engine Indenor XD2P; brake system, structurally different from the standard GAZ - brands Rover. In the 1990s quite a lot of used cars of the Belgian assembly were re-exported to the Russian Federation.

Second generation GAZ 2410

GAZ-24-10- base sedan.
GAZ-24-11- taxi, with a body type "sedan".
GAZ-24-12- station wagon based on GAZ-24-10. It was designed to replace the Volga GAZ-24-02.
GAZ-24-13- sanitary, with a station wagon body. Ambulance with a capacity of 4 + 1 (on a stretcher).
GAZ-24-14- passenger-and-freight taxi converted to AI-76 gasoline.
GAZ-24-17- a taxi with an engine running on liquefied gas.
GAZ-24-34- “high-speed car” or “escort car” (informally, the workers of the car factory and the townsfolk called it “catching up” or “mad”).
GAZ-24-60- southern or tropical version (dry and humid climate).

Performance characteristics of GAZ 2402 Volga station wagon

Max Speed: 140 km/h
Fuel consumption per 100 km in the city: 14 l
Fuel consumption per 100 km on the highway: 11 l
Fuel tank volume: 55 l
Curb vehicle weight: 1550 kg
Tire size: 7,35-14
Disc size: 127-355 (5-14")

Engine Specifications

Location: front, lengthwise
Engine capacity: 2445 cm3
Engine power: 95 HP
Number of turns: 4500
Torque: 190/2400 Nm
Supply system: Carburetor
Turbo: No
Gas distribution mechanism: No
Cylinder arrangement: inline
Number of cylinders: 4
Cylinder diameter: 92 mm
Stroke: 92 mm
Compression ratio: 8.2
Number of valves per cylinder: 2
Recommended fuel: AI-92

Brake system

Front brakes: drums
Rear brakes: drums

Steering

Power steering: No
Steering type: Globoid worm with recirculating balls

Transmission

Drive unit: Rear
Number of gears: mechanical box - 4

Suspension

Front suspension: helical spring
Rear suspension: Spring

Body

body type: station wagon
Number of doors: 5
Number of seats: 7
Machine length: 4735 mm
Machine Width: 1800 mm
Machine height: 1576 mm
Wheelbase: 2800 mm
Front track: 1470 mm
Rear track: 1415 mm
Ground clearance(clearance): 174 mm

Production

Year of issue: from 1972 to 1987

1982 GAZ 24-02 Volga wagon - one owner, native paint

GAZ-24-02 "Volga"- Soviet a car the second group of the middle class with a cargo-passenger station wagon body.

Serially produced from 1972 to 1987 at the GAZ plant in the city of Gorky. Equipped with a five-door load-bearing body with 7-seater convertible saloon. base car- sedan GAZ-24.

Story

The development of the station wagon was carried out in parallel with the design of the sedan. The car was significantly different from the base sedan and had completely its own body panels after the B-pillar (including the rear doors, which received rectangular glass frames to increase openings and simplify loading cargo through them).

The car went into production in 1972 and was upgraded similarly to the base sedan (but often with some delay). The car was produced until 1987, after which it was upgraded similarly to the base model and received the designation GAZ-24-12. In 1985-87. transitional versions were produced combining the features of the GAZ-24-02 and GAZ-24-12.

Interior layout features

The cargo compartment of the GAZ-24-02 was distinguished by a well-thought-out design and wide possibilities of transformation. The front seats were similar to the base sedan, the rear - the original, consisted of two separate seats, a wider left and a small right. Both could be folded (independently of each other) to accommodate additional cargo. In addition, the car had two additional seats in the third row, so the passenger capacity of the car with all the seats unfolded was 7 people (2 in front, 3 in back seat, 2 on third row seats).

In terms of comfort, the rear row seats were significantly inferior to the seats of the first two rows of the sedan. The upholstery of the seats, minus the driver's one, was made in a practical, easy-to-clean leatherette. But with the rear rows of seats folded down, a spacious cargo compartment with a flat floor was formed (the spare wheel and tool kit were located under the floor and were accessible through the hatch under the fifth door).

Major modifications

• GAZ-24-02- the basic passenger-and-freight model with a ZMZ-24d engine (2.45 l, 95 hp, AI-93 gasoline), leatherette seat trim, until 1977 a removable cushion and a folding armrest were provided between the front seats, which turned the front row of seats in a triple and increased the total capacity to 8 people;
• GAZ-24-03- an ambulance for transporting a patient on a stretcher and two accompanying medical workers. It was equipped with a ZMZ-24d engine (95 hp, AI-93 gasoline). Painting in accordance with GOST: white main body color with a red longitudinal stripe along the sides and red cross signs, lighting and sound devices (“flashing light” of blue color on the roof and siren). The medical salon is separated from the cabin by a partition with a sliding window, the side windows were made matte, the left backdoor is blocked, the medical compartment provides for the placement of guides for stretchers and regular places for medical equipment;
• GAZ-24-04- a modification for working in a taxi, equipped with a derated ZMZ-2401 engine (85 hp, A-76 gasoline), a taximeter, special lighting devices (“green light” and since 1980 - an orange lantern on the roof), greenish color lemon or gray color and emblems "checkers" on the front doors;
• GAZ-24-77- export modification for the Benelux countries to be equipped with a Peugeot diesel (later Ford). Produced since 1976

• The characteristic "ridge" on the trailing edge of the station wagon's roof is not a wing to create downforce, and a spoiler for optimization air flow required to prevent soiling of the liftgate glass. At the same time, GAZ-24-02 is the first soviet car equipped with such a device.
• All subsequent models of station wagons of the Volga family (GAZ-24-12, GAZ-31022 and GAZ-310221) actually retained the design of the rear of the body of the GAZ-24-02 model, with the exception of the design (but not the shape) rear lights and replacing the steel chrome bumper with a plastic one.
• Unlike the base sedan, a special hatch located behind the license plate, which opened in the direction opposite to the back door, relied on the “spare wheel” and tools.

Since the summer of 1970, the GAZ plant has undergone modernization model range- GAZ 21 was replaced by the new Volga GAZ 24. Simultaneously with the base GAZ 21 sedan, production of the station wagon was also discontinued. To replace this car, GAZ 2402 was created.

Design GAZ 2402

When creating the GAZ 24, the designers planned in advance the possibility of using two body options - a 6-seater sedan and a 6-8-seater station wagon. First running samples five-door car for testing and testing design solutions appeared in 1969, that is, much later than the sedan. In 1970-72, the cars passed a cycle of tests, and at the end of 1972 the first GAZ 2402 rolled off the assembly line. Production continued until 1985. All serial changes to the base sedan also applied to the station wagon.

GAZ 2402 had three rows of seats. Moreover, the third, designed for two people, was in the cargo compartment. The front row of seats was absolutely identical to the sedan. Until 1977, their design allowed to accommodate up to three people. Thus, the Volga station wagon could accommodate seven passengers and a driver.

The second row of seats, designed for three passengers, had an original design of two separate parts - wide left and narrow right. Both halves could be folded independently of each other. The third row of seats could also be folded down and removed. Because of this design, they were inconvenient for passengers and were not suitable for long trips. In addition, due to the requirements of the main customers, the back rows were sheathed with washable leatherette.

If they were folded, then a spacious cargo compartment. Spare wheel was in a special niche, access to which was carried out through a separate hatch under the fifth door. Thanks to this, the cargo compartment received a flat floor.

The car practically did not go on sale and went to supply state organizations. With great difficulty, a car could be purchased for private ownership, but only with checks from Vneshposyltorg. The main consumers were the ambulance service, taxi companies, trade organizations. The operating conditions in these areas were tough, so not many 24 Volga station wagons have survived to this day. On the presented photos GAZ 2402 in

Differences from the base model GAZ 24

Station wagon had significant differences from a sedan. The body from the B-pillar to the rear had original body panels. The rear doors of the station wagon with a rectangular glass frame made it possible to increase the door opening and improve the conditions for loading the rear of the body.

GAZ 2402 modifications

Depending on the customer, several station wagon models were produced. Basic version with exactly the index 2402 had a leatherette trim. It was supplied with a 95-horsepower engine designed for AI93 gasoline.

Ambulance version 2403 medical care it was equipped with the same engine, a partition in the cabin behind the first row of seats, stretcher rails and places for installing medical equipment. There was room in the car for one stretcher and two attendants. Side windows from the middle pillar had a matte finish, the left rear door did not open. There were stretcher guides. The cars were painted White color, they had a red stripe and special signals.

For the taxi service, model 2404 was produced with an 85-horsepower ZMZ-2401 engine (A76 gasoline), a taximeter and a green lamp on windshield. The cars were lemon or gray with checkered front doors.

Another version was the export GAZ 24 77. The car was produced by order of Scaldia, an exporting company Soviet cars to Europe. The cars were delivered to the customer without an engine. Peugeot and Ford diesel engines were installed directly by Scaldia.

At one time, the Volga was considered a luxury and status item. One of popular models- GAZ-24. On the basis of this car, a station wagon was also created - GAZ-2402. However, it began to be produced only in 1972. The sedan version has been produced since 1966.

The last Volga GAZ-2402 station wagon was released in 1987. Now these cars are almost never seen on the streets. And if there are some instances, then in a very deplorable state. Well, let's look at what the GAZ-2402 car was like. Description and specifications- further in our article.

Design

Let's start with appearance. The design of the station wagon was completely "licked" from the GAZ-24 sedan. The only exception is the shape of the rear cover of the body. The front of the car has a wide chrome grille radiator, simple glass headlights and a metal bumper with a rubber pad.

Also GAZ-2402 had an additional mirror. It was located on the wing, like Japanese cars that time. Many chrome elements were used in the design. Now on many models, chrome has noticeably faded. Some craftsmen restore it with food foil. And if the shine could be returned in this way, then the holes in the body - no. Reviews say that the Volga is highly susceptible to corrosion. The GAZ-2402 station wagon was no exception. Often, owners have to resort to welding, removing locally part of the floor, arches and doors eaten away by corrosion.

But back to design. In 1985 Gorky plant released new version- 24-10. This is a restyled modification of the "twenty-four". Improvements affected not only the technical part, but also the design.

The car acquired a new plastic grille and lost many chrome elements. Many say that these changes "Volga" is not to face. The lack of chrome significantly reduced the cost of the car. In this form, the car was produced until 1987 in the station wagon body and until 1992 in the sedan version.

Interesting fact: GAZ-2402 station wagon became the first Soviet model, which was equipped with a rear wing from the factory. It can be seen on the back of the body. However, this “ridge” was not created at all to improve the characteristics of aerodynamics and downforce. This element created swirls that did not allow dirt to remain on the surface of the glass. After all electric wiper Volga didn't.

Dimensions, ground clearance

The machine belongs to the middle class and has the following dimensions. The length of the body is 4.74 meters, width - 1.8, height - 1.54 meters. Ground clearance is impressive - 18 centimeters to the lowest point. But because of long base(exactly 2.8 meters), the clearance was sometimes not enough. The curb weight of the car is about one and a half tons.

Salon

The interior is made in the style of the 60s: a thin, two-spoke steering wheel and a flat front panel with angular edges. On the instrument panel - a minimum of arrows (only a speedometer, fuel gauges and internal combustion engine temperature). There is a small glove compartment on the passenger side. A radio receiver was sometimes placed in the center; it was not in all Volzhanka.

The interior is made of wear-resistant materials. Perhaps this is the last Volga, in which there was a real Soviet build quality.

Seats - fabric or leatherette. The front seats were not equipped with headrests. Some versions came with a solid sofa in front. But in the 80s they were no longer produced. The backrest could fold out 180 degrees, forming a full-fledged bed - the station wagon was ideal for long-distance travel.

The total number of passengers reached 8. In luggage compartment there was another shop.

A full-fledged spare wheel was hidden in a niche under the floor. The station wagon was distinguished by enlarged openings, which contributed to the convenient loading and unloading of things.

Changes

In the mid-80s, the interior design changed slightly. So, the front panel acquired a more round shape, a semblance of a center console appeared. On the latter was located the block of the stove. The steering wheel has changed to a three-spoke and has become more compact.

The instrument panel received a separate visor and was visually fenced off from the torpedo. The front seats on the "Volga" station wagon began to be equipped with head restraints, received more pronounced lateral and lumbar support.

Specifications

The initial versions of the car were equipped with an engine from Zavolzhsky engine plant ZMZ-24D. It's petrol power unit with in-line cylinders. The engine is derated, with a reduced compression ratio (6.7), so it was ideally suited for the 72nd gasoline.

With a volume of 2.4 liters, this engine produced 85 Horse power, which is an order of magnitude greater than that of the VAZ "classics", but the Volga cannot be called fast. Due to the huge curb weight (in the version " ambulance"she reached two tons), the car had weak dynamic characteristics. Acceleration to hundreds took more than 25 seconds, and maximum speed hardly reached 120 kilometers per hour.

With the release of the modernized "twenty-four" (1985), the ZMZ-2401 engine was installed on the station wagon. He had more a high degree compression - 8.2 and was calculated on the 92nd gasoline. Although the design had the same carburetor - K-126. With the same volume this motor produced 95 horsepower.

The torque is 182 Nm, which is 5 percent more than that of the ZMZ-24D engine. But this did not give a significant increase in traction. The car was still slow and clumsy. He scored a hundred in 21 seconds, and driving at speeds over 90 was simply scary.