Refueling capacities and norms. Capacities and rates Recommended semi-synthetic oil for gas 66

23.07.2019

The all-wheel drive truck GAZ-66 became a living legend during the years of its serial production. Unique car more than half a century after its creation, it continues to be widely used both by the organizers of hunting raids and resort “rides”, and by those who often have to deal “not with roads, but with directions”. Such a long service of the GAZ-66 was ensured by its excellent off-road performance, with relatively compact size and simple device.

An important role in the continuation of the active practical application of this model was also played by the fact that many of these vehicles are today in a fairly decent technical condition.

Due to the fact that during the withdrawal of the GAZ-66 from the armed forces many had a real opportunity to purchase this army all-terrain vehicle, removed from conservation, for relatively little money. And a lot of them were stored in conservation!

Among the people, the GAZ-66 was nicknamed "shisharik", or "shishiga". Not by analogy with “the relatives of the goblin that lives in the reeds” (the meaning of the old Slavic word “shishiga”), but simply in consonance with the phrase “sixty-six”.

Design features of the GAZ-66; briefly about its differences from the GAZ-63

GAZ-66 - Soviet truck with a 4 × 4 wheel formula; frame structure, hoodless layout; carrying capacity of 2 tons. This truck at one time repeatedly became the winner of various exhibitions, including international ones. But the biggest award of the 66th is the nationwide love and recognition for its reliability and reliability in the most difficult operating conditions.

The amazing cross-country ability of the GAZ-66, which has helped many in our country more than once, is achieved, to a large extent, due to the self-locking differentials of the front and rear axles used in it. But not only this.

When developing a new all-wheel drive truck, the design team of the Gorky Automobile Plant relied on the design of a 2-ton off-road truck, produced in 1948-1968. This model can rightfully be called the predecessor and prototype of the 66th. However, the GAZ-66 became a car of a completely new design - a cabover with a reclining cab.

The predecessor of the "shishiga" is the all-wheel drive GAZ-63.

Serious comparative tests have convincingly shown the significant superiority of the GAZ-66 over its predecessor. The GAZ-66 car with a full load in the back (2 tons), plus a trailer with a mass (weight) of another 2 tons, was able to cross the sandy desert in any direction.

Under the same conditions, the GAZ-63 car could not advance far even without a trailer. It was found that GAZ-66 can overcome sandy slopes of 22-23 °, and GAZ-63 - slopes of no more than 4 °.

If the GAZ-63 truck is capable of moving on virgin snow up to 0.4 m deep, then for the GAZ-66 this figure is 0.7 m. For the 66th, a new, more powerful engine, which improved its dynamic characteristics and, ultimately, contributing to an increase in cross-country ability. Self-locking limited slip differentials were used in the drive axles, which made it possible to transfer up to 80% of the torque to one wheel.

The location of the cab above the engine made it possible, with a wheelbase equal to the base of the GAZ-63 car, to increase usable length cargo platform and place the spare wheel behind the cab. This made it possible to lower the loading height of the platform. Which, in turn, contributed to the improvement of the lateral stability of the car.

Tests have established: if the GAZ-63 car, when driving with a low (slightly above the level of the sides) load on a concrete platform along a curve with a radius of 25 m, begins to tip over to its side at a speed of 44 km / h, then the GA3-66 truck does not lose stability under these conditions at any speed. And only at speeds over 65 km / h it skids (side skid, without tipping over).

The best stability of the GAZ-66 was also given best balance center of gravity and an increase in the front wheel track by 200 mm, and rear wheels- by 150 mm. For the 66th, new tires with an increased profile were also developed, with developed lugs (tire size 12.00–18).

The installation of spacer rings in the wheel makes it possible for the GAZ-66 to move on soft soils with a tire pressure reduced to 0.5 kg / cm2. Reducing tire pressure provides a larger tire footprint, dramatically reducing ground pressure.

Serious improvements were made to the chassis of the main GAZ cargo SUV. The GAZ-63 had short and stiff springs, while the GAZ-66 used long and soft ones. Therefore, the GAZ-63, when passing ditches, is prone to diagonal hanging of the wheels. But this completely stops the car: the wheels are spinning - the car is standing still! GAZ-66, on the other hand, confidently overcomes the strongest terrain irregularities.

The placement of the cab above the engine ensured a uniform distribution of the total load along the axles: 47% - on the front axle and 53% - on the rear, while the distribution of loads on the axles of the GAZ-63 car is 37 and 63%, respectively. Thanks to this feature, the coupling weight of the car is realized by both axles to the same extent.

GAZ-66 in the service of the USSR Airborne Forces

These features of the GAZ-66 are an excellent center of gravity, almost equal load on the front and rear axle; compactness due to the cockpit above the engine - they launched a long-term successful "career" of the car in the airborne troops of the USSR. "Shishiga" is so far the only serial "truck-paratrooper" in the history of our army.

GAZ-66B - the original landing version with a folding cab.

During 1965, the GAZ-66 successfully passed the entire set of tests on ground stands and in real landing from different heights, and on March 2, 1966, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 38, the GAZ-66B landing vehicle was adopted by the Airborne Forces of the Soviet Army. It differed from the serial folding cab with a soft top and a folding frame windshield. The fact is that at that time military transport aviation had AN-8 and AN-12 aircraft, in the cargo compartments of which the GAZ-66, installed on a parachute platform, did not fit in height.

When the IL-76 became the main transport aircraft in the army, this problem was removed, and the GAZ-66 with a conventional all-metal cabin began to enter the airborne units. "Shishiga" proved to be excellent in real combat and military exercises close to combat conditions and local military conflicts.

With the exception of one - in the conditions of mine ambushes of Afghan dushmans. The limited internal volume of the cab and its location directly above the wheels turned out to be dangerous for the crew in the event of a mine explosion, so the GAZ-66 was withdrawn from combat units in Afghanistan soon after the start of this ten-year war.

GAZ-66 on landing platforms.

As of 2017, the GAZ-66 remained the only landing truck in history. Although there is a project to create a more modern airmobile truck, as part of the KamAZ-Mustang program; there are prototypes of this successor to the GAZ-66 in the Airborne Forces; its tests are scheduled for 2018-2019.

GAZ-66 were withdrawn from the armed forces in the late 90s. According to the modern concept, the Airborne Forces do not need trucks landed from aircraft - only for transporting personnel. After all, for 40 years tracked amphibious lightly armored BMDs have been used, with cannon and machine gun weapons and the ability to install ATGMs, AGS and other effective weapons on them.

About the history of GAZ-66

However, those who talk about the purely military purpose of "shishigi", of course, are wrong. GAZ-66 was developed at the turn of the 50s / 60s of the twentieth century as a multifunctional all-terrain chassis universal spectrum applications.

First of all, of course, in the armed forces, but not least in the national economy. This car has repeatedly served well for geologists and oilmen, specialists forestry etc.

Really outstanding personalities had a hand in the creation of the GAZ-66, whose names are inscribed in golden letters in the history of the enterprise and the entire domestic engineering industry: designers Alexander Prosvirnin, Oleg Obraztsov, Rostislav Zavorotny. Work on the creation of a new engine for an off-road truck was headed by Pavel Syrkin.

The first batch of GAZ-66 trucks was produced in 1962, and on July 1, 1964, the model entered mass production. The triumph of the new off-road truck was the super-motor race organized in 1967 along the unthinkable route Gorky - Vladivostok - Gorky. Most of the way passed through the Urals, Siberia, Transbaikalia and the Far East, in severe off-road conditions.

GAZ-66 trucks passed this ordeal with honor. In 1968, a centralized tire pressure control system was also introduced into the machine's device.

GAZ-66 lasted on the factory conveyor, in various modifications, until 1995. Then he was replaced by a family built on the same platform and equipped with diesel engines. all-wheel drive vehicles. The latest, 965,941st in a row, copy of the GAZ-66 left the assembly line of the Gorky Automobile Plant exactly on the eve of the 35th anniversary of the mass production of the model: July 1, 1999. But it was no longer serial (conveyor), but a piece assembly from the remaining car kits.

Specifications GAZ-66 in numbers

Max. length (with winch): 5.806 m; Width: 2.322 m; Height of the awning without load: 2.520 m; Cab height with gross weight: 2490 mm.
Load capacity: 2000 kg; Weight: 3470 kg; Allowed maximum weight: 5940 kg.
Wheelbase: 3.3 m; Front wheel track: 1.8 m; Rear wheel track: 1.75 m.
Ground clearance: from 315 mm to 870 mm.
Turning radius: 9.5 m.
Fording depth (along the bottom): 0.8 m.
The volume of fuel tanks: 2 x 105 liters.

GAZ-66 engine

Regular engine GAZ-66 - ZMZ-66 Zavolzhsky Motor Plant - carburetor, eight-cylinder four-stroke, V-shaped layout, with liquid cooled. Working volume this motor- 4254 cubic centimeters.

Power - 120 Horse power.
Maximum torque (at a crankshaft speed of 2500 rpm) - 284.4 Nm.
Cylinder diameter -92 mm. Piston stroke - 80 mm.
Compression ratio: 6.7.
Engine weight: 262 kg.
Carburetor type: K-126 (until the end of the 80s) or K-135 (the remaining years of production).
Fuel type: low-octane gasoline (A-76).
Fuel consumption: 20-25 liters per 100 kilometers.

The GAZ-66 engine turned out to be both shorter and smaller in size than the GAZ-63 engine. The engine of the GAZ-66 car was also equipped with a PZHB-12 preheater.

Motor ZMZ-66-06 under the cab "shishigi".

A much smaller part of the GAZ-66 trucks was equipped with an engine ZMZ-513.10, which is an improved version of the ZMZ-66-06 engine at the turn of the 80s / 90s (the same volume, power - 125 hp)

In the 90s, GAZ-66 with a diesel engine was also produced in small quantities. GAZ-544 85 hp and a torque of 235 Nm; as well as with turbocharged diesel engines GAZ-5441. (116 hp). These modifications received an index GAZ-66-41.

The maximum speed specified by the manufacturer is 90 km/h. Although it is possible to independently remove the engine speed limiter (then it will be possible to accelerate to 110-120 kilometers per hour), this car it is, in general, to nothing.

Transmission, chassis, steering and brakes

The gearbox on the GAZ-66 is mechanical, 4-speed, with synchronizers in the 3rd and 4th gears. Transfer case has two gears, with a lowering and disconnected front axle. The inclusion of direct transmission in the Republic of Kazakhstan does not mean disabling the front axle. It is activated by a separate lever and can work in any gear in the transfer case. The steering type is a globoidal worm with a three-ridged roller, there is a hydraulic booster.

In order to facilitate driving, not only synchronizers are used. For the same purpose, a hydraulic booster was introduced into the steering design, and a brake system with a hydraulic vacuum brake booster was used. The clutch is made according to a single-plate type, a hydraulic drive is also installed.

Front and rear suspension - on longitudinal semi-elliptical springs with double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers, the GAZ-66 was distinguished by a smooth ride. Due to single springs on the rear axle and self-locking differentials in the main gears, this car cannot be overloaded.

The service brake system is separate (but this technical solution began to be used only in the 80-90s of the production of the model); parking - drum transmission brake. The working mechanism of the brake system is drum, has a hydraulic drive and a hydraulic vacuum booster. This design provides good braking on any road surface. Parking brake works on all wheels of the truck. But the "handbrake" is installed on the rear axle drive shaft. And in this case, he can block the front wheels only when the front axle is also turned on in the “razdatka”.

Bridges GAZ-66

Drive axles GAZ-66 hypoid type. The design of the GAZ-66 rear axle is represented by the following components and parts: crankcase, prefabricated gearbox, two axle shafts. The gearbox is located in the crankcase: there is a special thickening for it. It provides optimal number revolutions transmitted from the driveline to the axle shaft, and increases the torque on the wheels.

The GAZ-66 gearbox consists of a housing, main gear drive and driven gears, a prefabricated differential and bearings. The front axle Gaz-66 includes the same gearbox as the rear.

Rear axle GAZ-66 - unit with a solid axle beam; the main gear is single, hypoid, the axle shafts are completely unloaded.

Body and cab GAZ-66

The body of the GAZ-66 is a metal platform, along the high lattice sides of which there are folding benches. The back board opens, the awning is stretched on five arcs.

In the all-metal cabin there are two unified seats - for the driver and for the passenger, separated by the upper engine casing. For the driver's rest during long trips, a suspended berth is provided in the cab. Simply put, a canvas hammock with four hooks.

The situation in the cockpit is more than brutal and spartan - there is only metal around, nothing more. But comfort is still better than that of its predecessor, the GAZ-63: the cabin is equipped with efficient ventilation and heating, blowing and washing devices for the windshield.

In our time, GAZ-66 ride vacationers in many resorts in the Krasnodar Territory.

For inspection and repair of the motor, the cabin quite easily leans forward on hinges. Between the driver's seat and the passenger's seat there is a non-removable casing that covers the engine, and because of this, the curved gear lever is located to the right-rear of the driver. This causes considerable inconvenience when shifting gears; You still need to get used to such a lever.

Overview of GAZ-66 modifications

GAZ-66-1(1964-1968) - the first model, without a centralized tire pressure control system.
GAZ-66A(1964-1968) - with a winch.
GAZ-66B(since 1966) - for the USSR Airborne Forces, with a telescopic steering column, a folding cab top and a folding windshield frame.
GAZ-66D(1964-1968) - chassis with power take-off.
GAZ-66P- truck tractor (not widely used).

GAZ-66E(1964-1968) - with shielded electrical equipment
GAZ-66-01 (1968-1985) – base model, there is a centralized tire pressure regulation system.
GAZ-66-02(1968-1985) - plus a winch.
GAZ-66-03(1964-1968) - with shielded electrical equipment.
GAZ-66-04(1968-1985) - chassis with shielded electrical equipment.
GAZ-66-05(1968-1985) - with shielded electrical equipment and a winch.
GAZ-66-11(1985-1996) - the basic model is modernized. By the way, it still serves as an aircraft tractor on the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov.
GAZ-66-12(1985-1996) - modernized, with a winch.
GAZ-66-14(1985-1996) - chassis with shielded electrical equipment.
GAZ-66-15(1985-1996) - with shielded electrical equipment and a winch.
GAZ-66-16(1991-1993) - a modernized version with a 125-horsepower ZMZ-513.10 engine, with reinforced tires and single wheels, modified brakes, a platform without wheel niches and an increased load capacity of up to 2.3 tons.

GAZ-66-21(1993-1995) - national economic modification, with double tires on the rear axle and a wooden platform of the type, with a load capacity of 3.5 tons.
GAZ-66-31– Chassis for installation of tipper bodies.
GAZ-66-41(1992-1995) - with a naturally aspirated diesel engine GAZ-544.
GAZ-66-40(1995-1999) - equipped with a turbocharged GAZ-5441 diesel engine.
GAZ-66-92(1987-1995) - for the northern regions.
GAZ-66-96– special chassis for shift buses

For export to fraternal (and not very fraternal too) countries went GAZ-66-51 (1968-1985);GAZ-66-52(1968-1985) - with a winch; GAZ-66-81(1985-1995) - for countries with temperate climate; GAZ-66-91(1985-1995) - tropical version.

Overview of common special vehicles based on the GAZ-66

AP-2 - auto-dressing, army mobile folding medical station. An extended version of the serial transport ambulance of the Armed Forces of the USSR.

AS-66– transport army ambulance to evacuate the wounded.
DDA-66– disinfection-shower car, for sanitary-hygienic and disinfection measures.
DPP-40- pontoon park, a special vehicle of army engineering units for crossing water barriers.
GZSA-731, 983A, 947, 3713, 3714- vans of the type "Mail", "Bread" and "Medications".
MZ-66- oiler.
R-125 And R-142- command and staff vehicles / radio stations with kung.

Command vehicle R-142.

3902, 3903, 39021, 39031 – mobile workshops to provide technical assistance to agricultural machinery. ("Tekhnichki", or "gait").
2001, 2002, 3718, 3719, 3716, 3924, 39521 – mobile clinics.
GAZ-SAZ-3511- dump truck for agricultural purposes (assembly on the GAZ-66-31 chassis in Saransk, Udmurtia).

PAZ-3201- all-wheel drive version of the PAZ-672.
PAZ-3206, all-wheel drive version of the PAZ-3205.

Frame and chassis GAZ-66 as the basis for the creation of all-terrain vehicles

The most massive two-axle truck of the Soviet army has become a popular base for the inspired fantasy of craftsmen. GAZ-66 can even be called a champion in the number of various alterations and original cars created on its chassis. It's all about the excellent off-road potential of the shishiga.

Created on a conventional factory frame and running gear of the 66th kung-"mobile home", as well as monster- and "hammer"-like jeeps, more than once struck the public's imagination with their size and brutal appearance. Including at large forums, such as Moscow and Alma-Ata auto exhibitions.

Craftsmen from the workshop "Retro-Style" in Kyrgyzstan became especially famous as "masters of deep tuning" of the 66th Lawn. Their off-road vehicles Barkhan (2002) and Bulat (2007), created from serial shishigs, were not only exhibited many times at popular exhibitions, but also found several real buyers. And detailed reviews of these models appeared not only on the Internet, but also in a number of respected publications with an impeccable reputation. For example, in the magazine "Behind the wheel".

Other famous GAZ-66 modifications include the Partizan pickup truck, the Bizon jeeps by Alexander Chuvpilin and the MegaCruiser by Vyacheslav Zolotukhin. And, of course, out of competition - assembled from three decommissioned GAZ-66 and one UAZ all-terrain vehicle "Matryona".

This hard-working miracle car was created by the craftsmen of one of the emergency teams of Russian Railways in Krasnoyarsk and helps them get to the most inaccessible places along which the railway passes.

Category: Cooling system

The engine cooling system is liquid, closed, with forced circulation liquids.

radiator
radiator fluid overheat indicator sensor
water pump
bypass hose
outlet pipe
thermostat
liquid temperature gauge sensor
union
cylinder block water jacket
inlet hose
drain cock
fan
blinds

The direction of circulation of the coolant is shown by arrows. The liquid, depending on the temperature state of the engine, can circulate in one or two ways:

a) when the engine is warm, when the thermostat valve is open, - through the outlet pipe 5 along the hose to the upper tank of the radiator 1, and from the radiator through the inlet hose 10 - to water jacket engine (great circle).
b) when the engine is cold, when the thermostat valve is closed - bypassing the radiator, through the bypass hose 4 into the suction cavity of the water pump, and then into the engine water jacket (small circle).

The quality of the water used to cool the engine is as important to the durability and reliability of its operation as the quality of the fuel and lubricants. The use of high-quality water is one of the main conditions for the technically correct operation of the engine, which prevents the formation of scale and corrosion in the water jacket, which can lead to serious problems. The engine cooling system must be filled with clean "soft" water.

It is desirable to boil fresh river and lake water to reduce hardness, and then filter through 5-6 layers of gauze. The use of artesian and spring water can be allowed only after its preliminary treatment with special chemical reagents and ion-exchange filters. The use of sea water is strictly prohibited.

Water drained from the cooling system must be collected and reused. Frequent water changes increase corrosion and scale formation.

The amount of low-freezing liquid poured into the cooling system should be 1.4-1.8 liters less than water: at the same time, the liquid level in the radiator should be 53-59 mm. above the end of the cooling tubes. Filling should be done carefully, without spilling low-freezing liquid. It ruins the color of the car. It is necessary to avoid getting oil products (gasoline, kerosene, oil, etc.) into the engine cooling system, since in the presence of them, the low-freezing liquid foams strongly and is thrown out of the cooling system. Adding to the cooling system when the low-freezing liquid evaporates should be done only with water. To maintain the most favorable thermal conditions of the GAZ 53-12 engine (80-90 ° C) and accelerate its warm-up at start-up, there is a thermostat and blinds. When the temperature of the coolant in the upper tank of the radiator rises to 104-109 ° C, the liquid overheat indicator lights up on the instrument panel. In this case, it is necessary to find out the cause that caused the temperature increase, and eliminate it.

Cooling System Care

Maintenance of the cooling system comes down to periodic flushing of the entire system and checking the tension of the fan belt.

If the lubricant gets on the belt, the latter must be removed and the belt wiped with a rag moistened with gasoline.

gaz5312.ru

Maintenance of the cooling system of the GAZ-53 engine

The cooling system of the GAZ-53 engine (Fig. 1) is liquid, closed, with forced circulation of the liquid, filled with low-freezing liquid Tosol.

The GAZ-53 cooling system consists of an engine water jacket, a water pump, a radiator, a thermostat, a fan with a casing, shutters, a radiator plug (with valves) and connecting hoses. System capacity - 21.5 liters.

The most favorable temperature regime of the engine is in the range of 80 - 90 °C. The specified temperature is maintained by means of a thermostat 6, which operates automatically, and blinds controlled by the driver.

Fig.1. Cooling system GAZ-53

1 - radiator; 2 - engine overheat indicator sensor; 3 - water pump; 4 - bypass hose; 5 - radiator inlet hose; 6 - thermostat; 7 - coolant temperature indicator sensor; 8 - fitting for connecting the heater; 9 - water jacket of the cylinder block; 10 - radiator outlet hose; 11 - radiator drain valve; 12 - fan; 13 - blinds; 14 - fan casing; 15 - radiator cap

To control the temperature of the coolant, there is a temperature gauge on the instrument panel, sensor 7 (ТМ100-В) of which is installed in the water jacket of the intake pipe.

In addition, the instrument panel has signal lamp, which lights up when the temperature of the coolant rises to 104-109 ° C.

Sensor 2 of the signaling device (ТМ104-Т) is screwed into the upper tank of the radiator. If the lamp lights up, immediately stop the engine, find out and eliminate the cause of its overheating.

Thermostat GAZ-53 with solid filler, single-valve TS 108 (Fig. 2). It is installed in a special cavity at the outlet of the coolant from the intake pipe.

Thermostat from valve 3, seat 2, thermo-force element 5 with stem 1 and spring 4, where L is the valve stroke.

Fig.2. Thermostat GAZ-53

The thermostat valve starts to open at a temperature of 78-82 °C, and at a temperature of 93-95 °C it is fully open.

Water pump (pump) GAZ-53 centrifugal type (Fig. 3). The roller 2 of the water pump rotates in two ball bearings, has flats at the ends.

The pump impeller is pressed on one end of the shaft, and the hub on the other. The impeller is fixed with a bolt screwed into a threaded hole in the end of the shaft. The hub is fixed with a nut screwed onto the threaded end of the shaft.

Ball bearings with a spacer between them are clamped between the pulley hub and the thrust ring; they have felt seals from the outer ends, mounted in the outer races of the bearings, fixed in the housing with a locking ring.

Fig.3. Water pump (pump) GAZ-53

The cavity of the GAZ-53 pump, in which the coolant circulates, is separated from the cavity in which the bearings are mounted, by a rubber self-moving gland with a sealing washer made of graphite-lead composition.

A spring 8, brass clips 9 and 10, a cuff 11, a sealing washer 12 are installed in the recess of the pump impeller and are locked with a ring 13. The liquid seeping through the stuffing box flows out through the hole 7 in the housing 3.

Through the grease fitting 5, screwed into the water pump (pump) housing, the bearings are lubricated until the grease appears in the control hole 4.

Excess grease should be removed immediately to avoid getting it on the fan and water pump drive belts and pulley streams.

Greased belts and streams must be wiped with a cloth slightly dampened with gasoline. To lubricate the bearings, Litol-24 grease is used. As a backup, it is allowed to use a fatty lubricant.

GAZ-53 radiator of the cooling system (see Fig. 1) - tubular-tape, copper-brass, consists of brass (upper and lower) tanks, a set of vertical brass flat-oval tubes with corrugated copper tapes located between them, radiator mounting plates , radiator caps and drain cock.

Two steel side rack-plates are soldered to the upper and lower radiator tanks, which give the radiator the necessary rigidity, and also provide the possibility of attaching a fan casing to it.

The GAZ-53 radiator in the lower part is attached to special brackets on the frame by means of rubber gaskets and in the upper part - with two rods.

The radiator plug has two valves: a steam valve, which opens at an overpressure of 45–60 kPa, and an air valve, which opens at a vacuum of 1–10 kPa.

The fan is six-blade, metal, consists of two crosses, between which the blades are riveted, is attached together with a pulley with four bolts to the hub of the pump roller.

The fan is statically balanced, driven from the crankshaft pulley by a V-belt. The belt tension is carried out by turning the generator, which is driven by the same belt.

The correct tension of the belt is checked by pressing a spring dynamometer on it with a force of 34 - 44 N. In this case, the fan belt should bend by 10 - 15 mm.

The casing of the GAZ-53 fan - stamped, metal, significantly increases the efficiency of the fan.

Blinds - metal, lamellar, are controlled by wire traction from the driver's seat. The traction handle has several fixed positions for closing the blinds to ensure the required temperature regime of the engine.

The upper tank of the GAZ-53 radiator must be filled up to the filler neck. A decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in the liquid level, and therefore, at negative temperatures, its level in the radiator may decrease.

However, even at temperatures below -30°C, the liquid level in the radiator must be at least 50 mm higher than the ends of the cooling tubes.

As the engine warms up, the coolant level rises as the coolant temperature rises.

At negative temperatures, it is allowed to check the liquid level on a warm engine, for which they remove the plug from the radiator and make sure that there is coolant in the upper tank of the radiator; install the plug in place, paying attention to its installation; the plug should tightly close the radiator neck to ensure the tightness of the cooling system; warm up the engine to a temperature above 90 °C.

In the case of frequent topping up of liquid, the tightness of the GAZ-53 cooling system should be checked. It is allowed to temporarily add water to the cooling system.

The procedure for filling water: cool the engine, remove the cap from the radiator, fill the radiator with water to the specified level, replace the radiator cap.

It should be borne in mind that when water is added, the freezing point of the mixture rises, therefore, as soon as possible, the system must be repaired and filled with Tosol A-40 liquid.

Tosol A-65 and antifreeze grades "40" and "65" can be used as a low-freezing coolant. Filling with low-freezing liquids must be done carefully, without spilling it.

During daily inspection before driving, check the tension of the fan belts. The belt is tensioned correctly if, at a load of 35 - 45 N, in the middle of the section between the generator and fan pulleys, the deflection is within 10 - 15 mm. The tension is controlled by a spring dynamometer.

In case of jamming, they are washed in kerosene and lubricate the blinds with grease, having previously removed it from the shell. If the system is filled with a low-freezing liquid at CO (in autumn), the density of the coolant is checked, which should be 1.078-1.085 g/cm3 at 20°C.

After 4 years of operation of the car, the coolant is changed, after flushing the cooling system, for which the coolant is drained, the system is filled with water, the engine is started and warmed up, then, having stopped, the water is drained, after the engine has cooled, the system is filled with water again, flushing is repeated.

The liquid from the GAZ-53 cooling system is drained at open traffic jam radiator through three taps: on the right side of the cylinder block, on the radiator and on the cab heater hose.

If water is used in the cooling system, it should be borne in mind that the use of high-quality water is one of the main conditions for the technically correct operation of engines, which prevents the formation of scale and corrosion in the cooling system, which can lead to serious problems, such as blockage of radiator pipes.

The GAZ-53 cooling system should be filled with soft clean water, best of all rain or snow. The use of water with high hardness - artesian or spring, and even more so sea water - is unacceptable.

The water in the cooling system should be changed but less often if possible. It is necessary to drain the water into a clean container so that it can be refilled into the system.

Fig.4. Flushing the cooling system GAZ-53

1 - radiator; 2 - cylinder block; 3 - water pump

In spring and autumn, if water is used, the cooling system is flushed. The water jacket of the engine and the radiator are washed separately.

Flushing is carried out in the direction opposite to the water circulation during system operation (Fig. 4). When flushing the water jacket of the engine, it is necessary to remove the thermostat and unscrew the drain cocks. The radiator is removed and washed separately.

The GAZ-53 radiator is repaired only in the case of a small number of destroyed tubes (no more than 4 pieces) and their soldering in no more than five places in the core.

The influx of solder should be no more than 1.5 cm2. After soldering, the cooling plates and corrugated tapes are straightened, the radiator is subjected to a leak test.

Most typical malfunctions pump is the flow of water through the impeller seal as a result of wear of the sealing washer or gland seal and wear of the roller bearing. These malfunctions are eliminated by replacing worn parts with new ones.

Remove the GAZ-53 water pump from the timing gear cover. Clamping the pulley hub in a vice, unscrew the water pump impeller bolt and remove the washers. With a puller, the impeller is pressed from the pump shaft.

Before removing the impeller, in order not to damage the threads in the water pump shaft, a washer must be placed between the end of the shaft and the puller bolt.

Remove the locking ring and take out the sealing washer, stuffing box collar, cuff clips and stuffing box spring. Rinse and clean water pump parts.

The impeller is assembled with the stuffing box, for which the stuffing box spring, stuffing box clips, rubber cuff, sealing washer are placed in succession in the rear recess on the impeller, and all these parts are fixed with a locking ring.

If the absolute value of wear of the sealing washer is small, then it can be installed again by turning the unworn side to the water pump housing.

The end face of the pump housing, along which the sealing washer works, is lubricated with a thin layer of graphite lubricant before pressing the impeller onto the pump shaft. This improves the quality of running-in of the working surfaces of the sealing washer and the end face of the pump housing.

Press the impeller onto the roller. Pressing is carried out until the impeller hub stops against the end of the roller flat.

A spring washer, a flat washer are put on the impeller mounting bolt and the bolt is screwed into the rear end of the roller until it stops; screw the pump to the timing gear cover, replacing its gasket with a new one.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

spezz.ru

Refueling capacities and norms

Lecture Search

Introduction………………………………………………………………………..

1.General information …………………………………………………………..

2. Tactical technical characteristics of the car Gas - 53A…………

3. Main parameters and transmission scheme of the car Gas - 53A ... ... ..

3.1. The purpose of the transmission and its general data …………………………

3.2. Rear axle………………………………………………………………

4. Settlement part……………………………………………………………

4.1 Traction calculations and dynamic characteristics………………………

4.2 Calculation of the power balance, base machines during straight-line movement on a horizontal section of the track in a straight (high) gear…………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………

Bibliography……………………………………………………………

Introduction

One of the most common cars in Russia, the GAZ-53, can still be found on the streets of our cities. What kind of work this truck did not perform, the car found application in various areas of the national economy of the country. Based on it, they built utility vehicles, and fire trucks, and agricultural machinery and much more.

Car GAZ - 53 is produced Gorky Automobile Plant since 1964. The body is an all-metal platform with an opening tailgate. Installation of an awning on five arcs is provided. The cabin is double all-metal, equipped with a suspended berth, located above the engine. Car GAZ - 53 rear-wheel drive with four step box gears. The vehicles are designed to transport passengers and cargo on all types of roads and terrain and are designed for operation at ambient temperatures from minus 45 to plus 400C. On the basis of the Gaz - 53 car, a light-type tanker FTs-30 is built designed to extinguish fires with water from a tank or from external water source, air-mechanical foam using an exported foam concentrate or with its intake from an external container, as well as for delivering combat crew, fire equipment and technical equipment, water and a foam concentrate to the fire site. Units armed with tank trucks are capable of supplying water and air-mechanical foam of various ratios for extinguishing fires without installation and with the installation of vehicles at water sources, they can supply water from remote water sources, take it from water sources with poor access roads using hydraulic elevators and apply it to extinguish fires ; to pump water from remote sources in cooperation with other units on the main fire engines.

General information.

Light vehicle. A tank with a capacity of 2000 liters is placed in the back of a fire truck. The pump room is made in the stern of the car and it contains the control panel, taps, valves and the PN-30 pumping unit itself. In the side compartments of the body is placed fire-technical equipment. The combat crew of the tank truck is 2 people.

Tactical technical characteristics of the car GAZ-53A

dimensions

Full mass, kg 7400

On the front axle 1810

On the rear axle 5590

Load capacity, kg 4000

The greatest weight of the towed trailer with cargo, kg 4000

Vehicle curb weight

(without additional equipment), kg 3250

Vehicle overall dimensions, mm

Width 2380

Height (in cab without load) 2220

Height (on an awning without loading) 2220

Vehicle base, mm 3700

Top speed car with full load

without a trailer (on a horizontal stretch of road with

improved coating), km/h 80-86

Front wheel track (on the ground), mm 1630

Rear wheel track (on the ground), mm 1690

The lowest points of the car (with full load), mm

Drive axle housings 265

Front axle 347

Fig 1. Overall dimensions.

Engine.

Today, there are many types of engines such as:

1. Electric motors (which convert the electrical energy stored in the batteries into the mechanical energy of the rotation of the engine rotor, which in turn transfers the energy of rotation to the wheels).

2. Steam.

3. ICE (in which the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into mechanical work).

Petrol (where working mixture from air and gasoline to be prepared in a carburetor or injected into the manifold using injectors)

Diesel (injection is made by a nozzle into the air compressed by the pistons)

Gas Engines (Liquefied Gas)

Internal combustion engines have become more widespread due to autonomy and a higher energy content in the fuel.

My coursework includes: carburetor internal combustion engine

Number of cylinders and their arrangement 8, V-shaped

Cylinder diameter, mm 92

Piston stroke, mm 80

The working volume of the cylinder, l 4.25

Compression ratio (Average) 6.7

Maximum power (limited by regulator)

at 3200 rpm, hp kW 115 (84.6)

Maximum torque 2000-2500 rpm, kgm 29 (284.4 N m)

Carburetor K - 126B, two-chamber,

balanced, falling

Air filter

contact filter

element

Engine cooling Liquid, forced,

With centrifugal pump. IN

cooling system available

thermostat installed in

outlet

Chassis

To avoid increased wear tires should not brake the car sharply, allow it to be overloaded, jerk and slip the wheels when starting off and shift from low gears to higher ones.

The load must be placed evenly over the entire area of the platform. Heavy, but small in overall dimensions, load should be placed closer to the cab.

Tires Low pressure 8.25-20 or type P

(the pressure in them should be: on

front wheels 5 kg/cm⅔,

on the rear 6 kg/cm⅔,).

Tire size 240-508.

Refueling tanks and norms

Fuel tanks (capacity), l 90

Engine cooling system, l

With starting heating 23

Without starting heating 21.5

Engine lubrication system, l 8.0

Air filter, l 0.55

Transmission housing, l 3.0

Rear axle housing, l 8.2

Carter of the steering mechanism, l 0,5

Shock absorbers (each separately), l 0.41

Hydraulic foot drive system

brakes, l 0.76

search-ru.ru

Maintenance and repair of the engine cooling system GAZ-66, GAZ-53

The engine cooling system is liquid, closed with forced circulation.

The direction of circulation is shown by the arrows in the figure.

The liquid circulates, depending on the heating, in two circles, in a small and a large circle.

With a cold engine, when the thermostat valve is closed, bypassing the radiator, through the bypass hose 6 into the suction cavity of the water pump, and then into the engine water jacket - this is a small circle.

When the engine is warm, when the thermostat valve is open, - through the outlet pipe 7 through the hose to the upper tank of the radiator 1, and from the radiator through the inlet hose 12 to the engine water jacket - this is a big circle.

Cooling system maintenance

Check the coolant level daily before driving.

The water level in the radiator should be 40 mm below the upper edge of the filler neck, the level of the low-freezing liquid should be 70-80 mm.

rice. 1

Clean soft water is poured into the radiator and it is possible to change it less often. In the spring (and preferably twice a year), it is recommended to flush the cooling system.

Proper operation engine is the most reliable method of dealing with scale and corrosion in the cooling system. If scale has appeared, then the radiator is washed as follows.

The radiator is removed from the car, then a 10% sodium hydroxide solution is poured into it ( caustic soda), preheated to a temperature of 90˚ C. After 30-40 minutes, the solution is drained and the radiator is washed with clean running water in the direction opposite to normal circulation. Repeat washing if necessary. In order to avoid the destruction of aluminum parts, it is unacceptable to pour an alkali solution into the cooling jacket of the cylinder block. The caustic soda solution should be handled with care as it burns the skin and corrodes clothing fabrics.

Protection of the engine cooling jacket against corrosion can be carried out as follows.

Prepare a chrompic solution at the rate of 4-8 g per 1 liter of water and pour it into the cooling system. Work with this solution for a month (best in the summer), and then drain it. When water boils away from the solution during operation, add water to the system, and in case of leakage - the solution.

You should be aware that a solution of less than 3 g per 1 liter of chromic acid leads to increased corrosion of aluminum parts.

The drive belts of the units installed on the engines must be tensioned so that they do not slip on the drive pulleys and there are no large loads on the bearings of the units from overtightening of the belts.

The tension of the water pump and fan drive belt on the GAZ-53A car engine should be such that under a force of 4 kg applied in the middle of the tension roller - water pump pulley branch, the deflection arrow does not exceed 10-15 mm, and in the middle of the branch the water pump pulley - alternator pulley 10-12 mm. Water pump belt tension is adjusted by moving tension roller, and the generator drive belt - by moving the generator itself.

On the GAZ-66 car engine, the water pump drive belt is also the generator drive belt. Its tension is regulated by moving the generator. The deflection arrow of the branch generator - water pump under a force of 4 kg should not exceed 10-15 mm.

The tension of the compressor drive belts and the power steering pump is regulated by the movement of the power steering pump. The deflection of each of the two belts should be no more than 15-20 mm under a force of 1 kg on the compressor pulley branch - the power steering pump pulley.

rice. 2

When overhauling the radiator, the upper and lower banks must be removed from it. The outer surface of the radiator must be cleaned of dirt, and the inner surface of the tanks and tubes must be free of scale.

Dents on the walls of the tanks must be straightened out.

The radiator tubes must be checked with a special rod made to the size and profile of the tubes.

Plugged and dented tubes must be replaced with new ones.

Plugging of no more than 10 tubes and replacement of tubes of no more than 50 pieces are allowed.

Pipes after repair must be purged compressed air.

The cooling plates must be straightened. The assembled radiator should be thoroughly rinsed with alkaline solution to neutralize zinc chloride and water to remove alkali.

The repaired radiator must be tested for tightness with compressed air at a pressure of 1 kg/cm2.

A radiator filled with compressed air and immersed in water must be airtight.

The radiator cap must be tight. The outlet valve of the plug must open under an air pressure of at least 0.45-0.55 kg/cm2. The inlet valve should open at a vacuum of 0.01-0.10 kg/cm2.

Bent radiator shutter blades must be straightened or replaced with new ones.

Repaired blinds should open and close freely when the lever is rotated within 90°. When closing the blinds, the gaps between the surfaces of the plates should not exceed 1.5 mm over a length of 200 mm.

The water pump is centrifugal type. The pump is sealed with a self-tightening gland with a spring. The rubber cuff of the stuffing box and the graphite-lead washer rotate together with the roller 2 (Fig. 2).

Leakage of fluid through the control hole 7 indicates a malfunction of the stuffing box. In this case, the pump must be repaired. To change the stuffing box parts, the pump impeller must be removed by first unscrewing the bolt. It is not allowed to plug the control hole 7, since in this case the liquid leaking from the pump enters the bearings and spoils them. The bearings are lubricated through the lubricator 5 until fresh grease appears from the control hole 4. Excess grease must be removed.

Before assembling the water pump, all parts must be wiped and blown with compressed air.

When installing the impeller and the water pump stuffing box into the housing, the end surfaces of the textolite sealing washer must be covered with a thin layer of graphite colloidal lubricant.

Bearings must be lubricated with TsIATIM-201 refractory grease.

Fill the bearings with grease until it appears in the control hole of the housing. When installing, fill the hub cap with CIATIM-203 grease.

When the water pump shaft rotates, the impeller should not touch the housing, the water pump seal must be tight.

Check the water pump for tightness on a special stand at 3250 rpm and a water temperature of at least 40°C.

Tension roller GAZ-53

Before assembly, all parts of the tension roller must be washed and wiped. When assembling, compress the retaining ring on the axis of the tension roller in the annular groove of the axis to a size of 21.5 mm along the outer diameter of the ring, no more. Put 4-5 g of CIATIM-201 grease into the bearing cavity.

autoruk.ru

Applications to the instruction manual for GAZ-3309 and GAZ-3307 cars

Name of fuel, oil, grease, working fluid	GOST, OST or TU
Gasoline "Normal-80" (GAZ-3307)	GOST R 51105–97
Regular-92 (double) - GAZ-3307	GOST R 51105–97
Diesel fuel (GAZ-3309)	GOST r 52368–2005
TNK Motor Oil (GAZ-3307)	TU 38.310–41–148–01
Ufalyub oil (GAZ-3307)	TU 38.302.032–90
Ufalyub-Lux oil (GAZ-3307)	TU 0253.004.0576654–96
Oil Angrol (GAZ-3307)	TU 38.601.01.220–92
Oil "Lukoil Standard"	TU 38.601–07–21–02
Yar-Marka oil 1 and 2 (GAZ-3307)	TU 38.301.25.19–95
Oil "Yar-Marka" Extra (GAZ-3307)	TU 38.301.25.36–97
Samoil oil (GAZ-3307)	TU 38.301.12002–94
Wells 1 and 2 oil (GAZ-3307)	TU 0253.072.00148636–95
Oil "Standard-3", "Standard-5" (GAZ-3309)	TU 38.301–19–79–98
Lukoil-Standard oil (GAZ-3307)	TU 38.301–29–77–95
Oil "Spectrol" (GAZ-3307)	TU 0253.003.069113380–95
Ferganol oil (GAZ-3307)	TU uz.39.3–145–96
Oil "NaftanMB" (GAZ-3307)	TU RB 057784770–90
Lukoil Avangard oil (GAZ-3309)	TU 025–075–00148636–99
Lukoil Super oil (GAZ-3309)	TU 025–075–00148636–99
Yukos plus oil (GAZ-3307)	TU 0253-003-48120848-01
Oil "Consol Standard" (GAZ-3307)	TU 0253–017–17280618–2001
Oil m-8V (GAZ-3307)	GOST 10541–78
Oil m63/10B (GAZ-3307)	GOST 10541–78
Oil m43 / 6V1 (GAZ-3307)		GOST 10541–78
Oil m10G2 (GAZ-3309), M10G2K (GAZ-3309)		GOST 8581–78
Oil m8G K (GAZ-3309) Oil m10DM (GAZ-3309)		GOST 8581–78
		GOST 8581–78
Oil m8DM (GAZ-3309)		GOST 8581–78
TAP-15V oil		GOST 23652–79
TSP-15k oil		GOST 23652–79
Oil "Super T-3" (TM5)		TU 38.301–19–62–01
Oil "Devon Super T" (TM-18)		TU 0253–035–00219158–99
Oil "Lukoil TM-5" SAE 85W-90		TU 38.601–07–23–02
Oil "Lukoil TM-5" SAE 75W-90		TU 38.601–07–23–02
Oil tSp-10		GOST 23652–79
TCP-9 gyp oil		TU 38.1011238–89
Castor oil		GOST 6990–75
Oil for hydromechanical and hydrostatic transmission grade "R" (GAZ-3309)		TU 38.101.1282–89
Oil for hydromechanical and hydrostatic transmission grade "A" (GAZ-3309)		TU 38.101.1282–89
Oil vMGZ (GAZ-3309)		TU 38.101.479–00
Spindle oil AU		TU 38.1011232–89
Shock-absorbing fluid АЖ-12t		GOST 23008–78
Cannon grease (PVC)		GOST 19537–83
Litol-24 grease		GOST-21150–87
Lubricant Solidol Zh		GOST 1033-.79
Lubricant Solidol C		GOST 4366–76 "
Lubricant CIATIM-201		GOST 6267–74
Grease No. 158		TU 38.301–40–25–94
Lita grease		TU 38.1011.308–90
Graphite grease USSA		GOST 3333–80
brake fluids:
"ROSDOT"		TU 2451-004-36732629-99
"Tom" class III brand "A"		TU 2451–076–05757618–2000
Coolant auto fluids:
Tosol-A40M, "Tosol-A65M		TU 6–57–95–96
OZH-40 "Lena", OZH-85 "Lena"		TU 113-07-02-88
"Cool Stream Standard"		TU 2422-002-13331543-2004
"Termosol"		TU 301–02–141–91

gazavtomir.ru

GAZ-53: specifications

The GAZ-53 truck was destined to become the most massive " workhorse" in Soviet Union. The branded "smile" of the radiator of this workaholic is one of the most recognizable "brands" Soviet era. Which is not at all surprising: after all, over the years of its serial production, from 1961 to 1993, the fifty-third GAZon was replicated in the amount of more than four million units. And he traveled all over the world, from Cuba to Kamchatka, from the Far North to the jungles of Laos and Vietnam. Next, let's talk about the technical characteristics of this truck, listen to the live opinions of drivers who have worked on the GAZ-53 for many years.

On its, not particularly powerful, shoulders, the GAZ-53 nevertheless “rolled” at least half of the entire economy of the Land of Soviets. It's hard to pinpoint where this ubiquitous truck has NOT been used. From the “gait” for emergency teams and the “paddy wagon” for criminals to mobile tankers and truck tractors that dragged containers - that just wasn’t installed on the GAZ-53 chassis!

These cheap, simple and unpretentious trucks were ubiquitous in agriculture. In the 70s / early 80s of the twentieth century, on an average Soviet collective farm, 80% of the fleet of trucks consisted of GAZ-53. Only in the second half of the 80s did this ratio begin to change towards an increase in the share of ZIL-130. Which, by the way, in Soviet times was not much more expensive than the Lawn.

"GAZ-53" of the 60s and 80s and outwardly noticeably differ from each other, and in a technological sense, these two are quite different trucks. They have completely different not only engines, but also many other structural elements.

Indeed, over the years of production, the GAZ-53 has experienced three major and many minor upgrades and improvements. The Gorky Automobile Plant tried to respond in a timely manner to "signals from the field" and eliminate the problems identified during operation.

So, already in the first years of the distribution of a new truck model across the country, it became obvious that the bridges from the previous generation - GAZ-51, were no longer suitable for the 53rd, and the 82-horsepower engine from the 51st GAZon, although forced, does not meet the increased needs of the new machine. During 1964 / 65, mass production of the GAZ-53 was launched, equipped, instead of an in-line six-cylinder engine, with a V-shaped eight (115-horsepower ZMZ-53 engine), as well as modified and reinforced bridges.

An interesting, half-forgotten fact: the lining and, accordingly, the appearance of the GAZ-53 of the first issues was very noticeably different from the appearance of the car we are used to. For example, the headlights were above the direction indicators. However, to this day, unfortunately, not a single original Lawn of that very first generation has survived. But he remained captured on film in some well-known films of that time, in particular "Merry Troubles" (1964), "Foreigner" (1965), "Beware of the Car" (1966), "Three Poplars on Plyushchikha" (1967).

"GAZ-53F" (1961-1967)

By the way, a curious movie curiosity is connected with the GAZ-53, which is already familiar to everyone. In the famous film “The meeting place cannot be changed”, in the episode when gang members are taking Volodya Sharapov in a GAZ-AA bread van around Moscow at night, a green GAZ-53 inappropriately wormed its way into some shots. (The film takes place in 1946).

"GAZ-53A" (1965-1983)

Three main, basic modifications of the truck rolled off the assembly line under the following factory indices:

"GAZ-53F" (1961-1967) - flatbed truck and a universal chassis with a forced in-line 6-cylinder GAZ-51 engine with a power of 82 hp.
"GAZ-53A" (from June 1965 to 1983) - a flatbed truck, a dump truck and a universal chassis with a ZMZ-53 engine - a V-shaped 8-cylinder, with a power of 115 hp.
"GAZ-53-12" (from 1983 to January 1993) - flatbed truck, dump truck and universal chassis with an eight-cylinder V-motor"ZMZ-53-11" with a capacity of 120 hp

According to the power, the carrying capacity of the three generations of the 53rd GAZon also differs. "GAZ-53F" was declared a 4-tonner, although in fact he took on board only 3 tons, and 4 tons was almost an unbearable load for him. The GAZ-53A became a real four-tonner. The power of the GAZ-53-12 engine already allowed it to freely carry not only the 4.5 tons declared by the manufacturer, but also 5 tons “with a penny”.

"GAZ-53-12" (1983-1993)

In addition to the basic ones, there are dozens of modifications and versions of the GAZ-53 made on their basis, designed for use in specialized purposes. Among them -

Army modification "GAZ-53N" with an additional fuel tank of 105 liters, a preheater and a set of additional equipment.
The widely used buses "KAvZ-685" and "Kuban" based on "GAZ-53". They were produced on the GAZ-53-40 chassis, equipped with softer springs and telescopic shock absorbers, a fuel tank from the GAZ-66, modified braking system and electrical equipment.
"GAZ-53-02" - dump truck.
Special chassis designed for the GAZ-SAZ dump truck (SAZ-3503).
"GAZ-53-05" - a truck tractor (not widely used, because any of three engines The 53rd GAZon was rather weak for such "exercises").
GAZ-53-19 and GAZ-53-27 - versions developed in 1984 that run on liquefied gas; with engines of 105 and 100 hp respectively.

GAZ-53 trucks were exported to almost all socialist countries, and from capitalist countries to Finland and Belgium.

Serious assembly production of these trucks, from Soviet car kits, was organized in Bulgaria and Cuba. Moreover, the Bulgarian enterprise "Madara" produced "GAZ-53" during 1967-1991, bringing the production volume to 3,000 vehicles per year in the 80s. And already from the beginning of the 70s - equipped them with engines Bulgarian production.

Export versions of the truck were produced with factory indexes "GAZ-53-70" and "GAZ-53-50" (especially for the tropics). As already noted, the number of specialized versions based on the GAZ-53 chassis is difficult to calculate. These are mobile repair shops, and fire engines, and truck cranes, and ladder trucks, and garbage trucks, and loader cranes, and fuel tankers, etc., etc.

Unlike all previously developed trucks of the Land of the Soviets, the GAZ-53 was originally created purely for the needs of the national economy. In the event of a war, it was not planned to mobilize it into the troops and use it to transport guns, transport ammunition, the wounded, etc. army needs. In this regard, the GAZ-53 can rightly be called the first domestic truck"NOT dual purpose».

This explains the "cheerful" colors of the legendary car. If earlier all the trucks of the Soviet Union were painted only in dark green protective color, then the 53rd from the very beginning was distinguished by a very diverse colors: its cabins were painted in blue, gray, blue, beige, red, green, yellow, orange and some other colors.

The direct "relative" and "ancestor" of the GAZ-53 was another all-Union hard worker - the GAZ-51 truck. The development of a new generation truck was headed by chief designer Gorky Automobile Plant Alexander Dmitrievich Prosvirnin (1914-2005). He, by the way, in 1946-1947. He also participated in the development of the GAZ-51, then as an ordinary designer.

During the summer / autumn of 1961, an experimental batch of GAZ-53F trucks was subjected to serious tests, the main of which was a rally along the route Moscow - Tashkent - Moscow, with a total length of ten thousand kilometers. Trucks were driven in intensive mode along country roads and real deserts, steppe sands, marshy soils and mountainous areas. The culmination of the route in Central Asia was the Shahristan pass, in Tajikistan, located at an altitude of more than 3.2 thousand meters above sea level.

At the same time, 2 GAZ-53Fs were mercilessly operated in the Moscow region, in off-road rural areas, and 4 more drove along the Moscow-Gorky highway back and forth until the figure of 15,000 km was reached on their speedometer, checking reliability on the main lines. In total, each of the vehicles performed 18 flights.

By the way, kind words also deserves " brother", 53rd Lawn -" GAZ-52 ". Also a bestseller with a circulation of more than 1 million units. It's practically his "twin". Since the only significant difference between these models is the model installed engine: on the 52nd - a six-cylinder in-line, on the 53rd - a more powerful eight-cylinder V-shaped.

By the way, according to the observations of experienced lawn drivers, the 52nd was distinguished by a slightly better cross-country ability in severe off-road conditions or deep snow. The more powerful and resourceful GAZ-53 was more likely to burrow into the mud, snow or sand where the 52nd was slowly driving on its own power.

Outwardly, it was also possible to distinguish the GAZ-52 from the GAZ-53 by the rims: the GAZ-52 and modifications had smaller rims, with 6 ventilation holes and narrower tires. The GAZ-53 has wider (and, accordingly, more "load-bearing") tires; rims of larger diameter, with three holes placed at an angle of 120 degrees. However, the rims on the 52m and 53m turfs are interchangeable.

After reviewing the photographs of other cars of the late 50s / early 60s, we can rightly say that for its time the appearance of the cab and its interior"GAZ-53" looked very progressive.

A one-piece grille cladding was made, into which headlights and sidelights were organically integrated. The driver and passenger seats, according to the canons of those years, were a single "sofa". However, the ergonomics of the workplace was better thought out than in the GAZ-51.

According to its class, the GAZ-53 belongs to the family of universal multi-purpose medium-duty trucks. The GAZ-53 truck has a frame structure, wheel drive to the rear axle.

dimensions

Length - 6.395 m; width - 2.380 m; height (in the cabin, without load) - 2.220 m
Chassis base - 3,700 m; front wheel track (on the ground) - 1.630 m; rear wheel track - 1,690 m
Ground clearance: 265 mm. At the same time, the lower points, with a full load, are: 265 mm (case of the leading rear axle) and 347 mm (front axle).
Dimensions of the cargo platform: length - 3.740 m; width - 2.170 m; board height - 0.68 m.
The turning radius along the track of the outer front wheel is 8 m.

Performance characteristics

Wheel formula: 4x2.
Curb weight: 3.2 tons.
Carrying capacity: 4 tons for GAZ-53F and GAZ-53A; 4.5 tons - from GAZ-53-12.
Tire size: 8.25-20 inches.
The maximum permissible weight of the towed trailer: 4 tons.
Cabin "GAZ-53" - metal, double, two-door.
Maximum speed with full load on a horizontal highway: 90 km/h.
Capacity fuel tank: 90 l (in the army modification "GAZ-53N" - 105 l).
Fuel consumption from 24 liters of gasoline per 100 km.

A few words about the characteristics of the GAZ-53-02 version (dump truck). The lawn dump truck was produced with a frame shortened at the rear by 27 cm. The wheelbase remained the same. It was equipped with a power take-off shaft.

The platform was equipped with a gear-type hydraulic pump, which, through a system of control valves, ensured the operation of a three-link hydraulic cylinder for lifting the body. The capacity of the all-metal body platform is 5 cubic meters; body lifting and unloading are provided both backwards and sideways.

8-cylinder 4-stroke petrol carbureted engines"ZMZ-53" and "ZMZ-53-11" have a V-shaped cylinder layout. The working volume is 4,254 cubic centimeters. Power, at 3200 rpm. per minute, is: 115 ("ZMZ-53") and 120 ("ZMZ-511") horsepower. Cylinder diameter - 92 mm; piston stroke - 80 mm. The average compression ratio is 6.7. The maximum torque at 2000-2500 rpm is 29 kg/cm. The cylinders work in the following order: 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8.

The engine cylinder block is made by casting from Al-4 alloy, and after casting, it is sealed by heat treatment and impregnated with synthetic resin. This is a classic monoblock V-shaped design with an angle along the axes of the cylinders of 90 degrees.

block cavities and cast iron sleeves under the pistons form a water cooling jacket of the engine. The possibility of repair replacement of sleeves (5 groups with letter designations) is provided. From the end of the block, the crankcase of the clutch mechanism is fixed with threaded studs.

Pistons are also divided into five repair groups according to their diameter (letter marking), and into four groups according to the diameter of the piston pin holes (color marking). The piston group is cast from Al-30 aluminum alloy. The piston has a classic round shape with a flat bottom, three grooves for oil scraper and compression rings are cut along its diameter.

Block heads are made of Al-4 alloy. The valve seats are made of cast iron, and the guide bushings are made of copper-graphite ceramics. The block and cylinder heads are connected by threaded studs through gaskets made of steel-reinforced asbestos cardboard. The crankshaft is cast from cast iron, the necks of the connecting rods, bearings and counterweights are formed on it.

The crankshaft went through a series of mandatory dynamic and static balancing. The axial movement of the crankshaft is eliminated by two washers mounted on both sides of the first journal bearing. It is sealed in the block with the help of oil-driven grooves, oil seals and asbestos packing.

Gas distribution mechanism, with top installation valves, provides the inlet of the fuel-air working mixture into the cylinders and the release of exhaust gases.

This device consists of: camshafts and gears, tappets, rocker arms, rods, valves, guide bushings and springs. Camshaft forged from steel. It has 5 support necks, cams, gear drive of the oil pump and ignition distributor.

The device for preparing a benzo-air mixture is a carburetor of the K-126 brand. Ignition system - contact. Spark plugs - "A11-U".

The lubrication system supplies oil to the contact parts of the motor both under pressure and by gravity. Oil pump - gear, driven by a camshaft, oil filter - full-flow, serviced.

The air preparation filter is also serviceable, inertial, with sedimentation of contaminants in an oil bath. Cooling system - with water pump, closed type, liquid. It consists of a water jacket of the cylinder block, a radiator, a pump, a thermostat, blinds, a fan, its casing, a radiator plug and connecting hoses. Capacity - 22 liters.

The engine of the third modification of the 53rd GAZon - "ZMZ-53-11" differs from its predecessor in new cylinder heads with increased compression parameters; sectional oil pump, full-flow filtering device, crankcase ventilation converted to a closed circuit.

The gearbox consists of four forward "speeds" and one reverse. By its design, the GAZ-53 gearbox is a three-way gearbox, with synchronizers in the third and fourth gears. Clutch single disc, dry.

cardan gear- open type, has cardans with needle bearings. main gear drive axles - conical, hypoid type, with a gear ratio of 6.83. Differential - gear, cam, conical, increased friction. Stub axles - flanged, with CV joint.

Springs - 4 pieces, longitudinal semi-elliptical, the ends are embedded in rubber supports. The rear suspension has additional springs. Shock absorbers - hydraulic, telescopic, double-acting.

Foot brakes - shoe, on 4 wheels. Brake drive - foot, hydraulic, with hydro-vacuum booster. Hand brake- central, drum type, mounted on the driven shaft of the gearbox. The type of steering mechanism "GAZ-53" is a globoidal worm with a 3-ridged roller.

Electrical equipment "GAZ-53"

The GAZ-53 truck uses a single-wire wiring system with a negative terminal connected to ground. The voltage in the network is 6 volts. Brand "native" battery- "6-ST-68-EM".

Generator brand, 350 W power - "G130-G"; relay-regulator - "PP130". The electrical system of the GAZ-53 truck also includes the B13 ignition coil, with additional resistance; breaker-distributor "R13-B"; air-cooled single cylinder compressor; electric starter "ST130-B" with remote activation.

“A comfortable 2-seater cab of a closed type, a convenient location of controls and instruments, good visibility, reliable brakes, the presence of powerful light provide ease of driving and traffic safety at high speeds at any time of the day,” the GAZ-53 described information album "VneshTorgIzdat" in 1968.

Well, as they say, with what to compare. From the standpoint of our time in the cockpit of the GAZ-53, it is more than ascetic and Spartan.

However, compared to the same GAZ-51, which did not have synchronizers in the gearbox, it was necessary to squeeze the clutch 2-3 times before switching on, and the cabin was cramped and poorly heated, the 53rd was just the pinnacle of comfort!

On a double common seat-sofa, covered with artificial leather, if desired, three people could easily fit. The only moment: the one who got the place in the middle could interfere a little with the driver, touching the gear lever with his feet. The wide open space in the cab was also for the “creativity” of tuning enthusiasts: drivers of the Soviet era decorated their GAZ-53 cabs as best they could.

There were also craftsmen who made home-made insulation and soundproofing of the cabin: they stuffed it with foam plastic, sheathed it with felt, achieving amazing silence and comfort at their workplace.

Introduction………………………………………………………………………..

1.General information …………………………………………………………..

2. Tactical technical characteristics of the car Gas - 53A…………

3. Main parameters and transmission scheme of the car Gas - 53A ... ... ..

3.1. The purpose of the transmission and its general data …………………………

3.2. Rear axle………………………………………………………………

4. Settlement part……………………………………………………………

4.1 Traction calculations and dynamic characteristics………………………

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………

Bibliography……………………………………………………………

Introduction

One of the most common cars in Russia, the GAZ-53, can still be found on the streets of our cities. What kind of work this truck did not perform, the car found application in various areas of the national economy of the country. Municipal vehicles, fire trucks, agricultural machinery and much more were built on its basis.

The GAZ-53 car has been produced by the Gorky Automobile Plant since 1964. The body is an all-metal platform with an opening tailgate. Installation of an awning on five arcs is provided. The cabin is double all-metal, equipped with a suspended berth, located above the engine. The car GAZ - 53 is rear-wheel drive with a four-speed gearbox. The vehicles are designed to transport passengers and cargo on all types of roads and terrain and are designed for operation at ambient temperatures from minus 45 to plus 40 0 C. On the basis of the Gaz-53 car, a light-type tank truck FTs-30 was built, designed to extinguish fires with water from a tank or from an external water source, with air-mechanical foam using an exported foam concentrate or with its intake from an external container, as well as for delivering combat crew, fire equipment and technical equipment, water and a foam concentrate to the fire site. Units armed with tank trucks are capable of supplying water and air-mechanical foam of various ratios for extinguishing fires without installation and with the installation of machines on water sources, they can carry out the supply of water from remote water sources, take it from water sources with poor access roads using hydraulic elevators and supply it to extinguishing fires; pump water from remote sources in cooperation with other units on the main fire engines.

General information.

Tactical technical characteristics of the car GAZ-53A

dimensions

Gross weight, kg 7400

On the front axle 1810

On the rear axle 5590

Load capacity, kg 4000

The greatest weight of the towed trailer with cargo, kg 4000

Vehicle curb weight

(without additional equipment), kg 3250

Vehicle overall dimensions, mm

Width 2380

Height (in cab without load) 2220

Height (on an awning without loading) 2220

Vehicle base, mm 3700

Maximum vehicle speed with full load

without a trailer (on a horizontal stretch of road with

improved coating), km/h 80-86

Front wheel track (on the ground), mm 1630

Rear wheel track (on the ground), mm 1690

The lowest points of the car (with full load), mm

Drive axle housings 265

Front axle 347

Fig 1. Overall dimensions.

Engine.

Today, there are many types of engines such as:

2. Steam.

3. ICE (in which the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into mechanical work).

Gasoline (where the working mixture of air and gasoline is prepared in the carburetor or injected into the manifold using injectors)

Diesel (injection is made by a nozzle into the air compressed by the pistons)

Gas Engines (Liquefied Gas)

Internal combustion engines have become more widespread due to autonomy and a higher energy content in the fuel.

In my term paper presented: carburetor ICE

Number of cylinders and their arrangement 8, V-shaped

Cylinder diameter, mm 92

Piston stroke, mm 80

The working volume of the cylinder, l 4.25

Compression ratio (Average) 6.7

Maximum power (limited by regulator)

at 3200 rpm, hp kW 115 (84.6)

Maximum torque 2000-2500 rpm, kgm 29 (284.4 N m)

Carburetor K - 126B, two-chamber,

balanced, falling

Air filter

contact filter

element

Engine cooling Liquid, forced,

with centrifugal pump. IN

cooling system available

thermostat installed in

outlet

Chassis

In order to avoid increased tire wear, you should not brake the car sharply, allow it to be overloaded, jerk and slip the wheels when starting off and shift from low gears to higher ones.

The load must be placed evenly over the entire area of the platform. Heavy, but small in overall dimensions, load should be placed closer to the cab.

Tires Low pressure 8.25-20 or type P

(the pressure in them should be: on

front wheels 5 kg/cm⅔,

on the rear 6 kg/cm⅔,).

Tire size 240-508.

Refueling capacities and norms

Fuel tanks (capacity), l 90

Engine cooling system, l

With starting heating 23

Without starting heating 21.5

Engine lubrication system, l 8.0

Air filter, l 0.55

Transmission housing, l 3.0

Rear axle housing, l 8.2

Carter of the steering mechanism, l 0,5

Shock absorbers (each separately), l 0.41

Hydraulic foot drive system

At the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1964, the GAZ 66 truck was developed and put into production. At first, the GAZ 66 engine of the same name was installed on it, after which it was replaced by a more powerful ZMZ 66-06. Starting in 1980, GAZ 66 cars began to be aggregated with ZMZ 511 engines, today ZMZ 513 is installed. The GAZ 66 car belongs to the category of all-wheel drive trucks. This unique truck continues to enjoy great popularity due to its excellent off-road performance.

Technical characteristics of the GAZ 66 engine

motor type	Carburetor (K-126, K-135)
Number of cylinders	8
Number of cycles	4
Layout	U-shaped motor
Type of cooling system	liquid
Engine displacement GAZ 66, ZMZ 511	4, 254 liters
Engine power GAZ 66, ZMZ 511	120 horsepower
Torque	284.4 Nm (at 2500 crankshaft rpm)
Cylinder diameter	92 mm
Stroke length	80 mm
Motor weight	262 kg
Compression ratio	6,7
Consumed fuel	A-76 grade gasoline (low octane)
The amount of fuel consumed per 100 km	from 20 to 25 liters
Cylinder inclusion formula	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8

The design of the GAZ 66 engine includes a pre-heater of the PZHB 12 brand.

The scope of the ZMZ 511 engine and its modifications is medium-duty trucks:

GAZ-53;
GAZ-66;
GAZ-3307;
GAZ-66-1;
GAZ-66A, B, D, P, E;
GAZ-66-01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16.

On the basis of ZMZ 511, a modification of ZMZ 513 was created. This model The motor is designed for vehicles operating in difficult conditions:

Military equipment.
Transportation of goods over rough terrain, etc.

The new power unit has a number significant differences from base model:

The weight of the ZMZ-513 engine is 275 kg.
The engine sump has a different configuration.
The working elements of the electrical equipment are shielded.

Design features of the GAZ 66 engine (ZMZ 511)

The gasoline internal combustion engine has a carburetor-type power supply system.

Cylinders with a diameter of 92 mm are located at right angles.
The distance between the axes of neighboring cylinders is 123 mm.
The pistons drive the crankshaft.
The engine is equipped with a closed liquid-type cooling system.
The coolant circulates under the influence of a special pump - forced cooling.
The lubrication system works both under pressure and by the method of oil spraying - combined.

The material for the manufacture of the cylinder block is aluminum alloy casting AL-4.

Cylinder liners are made of special alloyed cast iron, diameter is 100 mm, height is 153, respectively.
The sleeves have a lower fixation, the upper part is fixed under the influence of the head of the cylinder head.
At the bottom there are sealing rings made of copper.
Due to the displacement of 75 millimeters of the lower part of the cylinder block relative to the axis of the crankshaft, its rigidity has been significantly increased.
The weight of the body part of the cylinder block is 44 kg.

Cast iron is used to make the crankshaft. Production material - high-strength cast iron VCh-50. The bearing main and connecting rod journals are hardened.

Indigenous necks with a diameter of 70 - 69.9 mm;
Connecting rod - 60 - 59.9 mm.

In order to reduce the weight of the ZMZ 511 engine, forged connecting rods are used. The values of their parameters:

Length - 156 mm;
Weight - 0.86 kg;
The top hole diameter is 25 mm.

Piston parameters:

Weight - 0.565 kg;
Height - 51 mm;
Diameter - 92 - 91.99 mm;
The inner diameter of the piston pin is 16 mm;
Outer - 25 mm.

Features of maintenance of the GAZ 66 engine (ZMZ 511)

Regardless of which engine is on the GAZ 66, it needs mandatory periodic maintenance. The service life of the power unit depends on the quality and timeliness of maintenance activities. The list of engine care requirements includes the following items:

When replacing fuels and lubricants, it is necessary to fill in engine oil, gasoline of recommended grades.
In the process of carrying out the next maintenance, it is necessary to tighten the fastenings of the cylinder head (only on a cooled engine).
Monitor the operating temperature of the power unit, do not allow it to overheat.
Control the degree of tightening of the nut that fixes the exhaust pipe, tighten it if necessary to avoid the penetration of coolant into the lubricant.
Check piston rings and bearing shells for damage. At the slightest deformation and other deviations from the norm, immediately replace with new parts.

Before replacing the lubricant, you need to find out which oil in the GAZ 66 engine is most suitable for it and how much to fill.

For the GAZ 66, ZMZ 511, ZMZ 513 engine, as well as modifications, it is recommended to use engine oil of the following brands:

ASZp-10;
M-5z/10A;
M-6z/10V;
Mobil Delvac 1330;
Mobil Delvac MX 15W/40, 10W/30;
SSPMO;
Lukoil 15W40.

The volume of lubricant for motors of this line is 10 liters. Engine oil is replaced after the next run, equal to 6 - 10,000 kilometers.

The main problems of GAZ 66 engines (ZMZ 511) and their modifications

All internal combustion engines of this series have similar malfunctions and typical problems:

Oil streaks in the area of \u200b\u200bthe sealing gland of the main bearing located at the rear.
Reduced pressure in the engine lubrication system.
Increased engine oil consumption.

If a situation arises when the oil consumption exceeds 0.4 liters with a run of 100 kilometers, and the instruments show a sharp decrease in pressure in the lubrication system, it is necessary to send the vehicle for diagnostics with subsequent repairs.

Tip: If the pressure gauge is faulty, it can be replaced with a pressure gauge. Before measuring the pressure, warm up the power unit thoroughly. Normal pressure is considered: in idle mode - 0.5 kgf / cm.kv. or 1 kgf / cm.kv at medium speeds.

With low oil pressure in the system, it is strictly not allowed to operate the car.

A decrease in compression in the cylinders is also a negative factor indicating a malfunction of the internal combustion engine. Compression is measured with a special device called a "compressor". Before using it, you must:

unscrew the spark plugs;
open the throttle valve;
turn off the power supply to the high voltage wiring.

Tuning engine GAZ 66

Many car owners are in no hurry to part with vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, which have long been discontinued. At the same time, numerous attempts are being made to modernize it. Of course, this is not about chip tuning, because the design of this power unit does not include an electronic control unit.

To improve the power characteristics of the GAZ 66 engine, the following methods are used:

The design of the engine is changed under the mount modern devices gas distribution mechanism.
The carburetor fuel supply system is replaced by an injector.
The turbocharger is installed.

As a result of such forcing, such technical characteristics as efficiency and engine power are significantly increased. It should be remembered that the GAZ 66 engine is a rather old device. To get the desired result, the owner of the car will have to spend a lot of material resources and free time.

For big enthusiasts, there is a high-cost method that is not inferior to the overhaul of the power unit. Its essence boils down to the transformation of the GAZ 66 engine into an analogue of the PAZ model ZMZ 523.

The owner purchases and installs the following parts:

New PAZ 3205 crankshaft.
Inserts ZMZ 5234.
Set of elements piston group assembled (for example, "Motordetal Kostroma").
Seals, gaskets.

To increase the compression ratio to a value of 8.5, the block head housing is cut off by 1.8 mm (no more, otherwise there will be difficulties when installing the input manifold).

In addition, the native K126 or 135 carburetor is replaced with an American-made Edelbrock 1407. At the same time, all channels are combined in the inlet manifold and a special installation site is prepared by welding, on which the new carburetor will stand.

Engine replacement GAZ 66

When tuning a GAZ 66 car, the power unit is often replaced with a diesel engine. Most often, instead of GAZ 66 (ZMZ 511), a diesel internal combustion engine D-245, manufactured at the Minsk Motor Plant, is installed. Diesels of this series are equipped with a turbocharger.

Interesting: By order of Nicaragua, the manufacturer is re-equipping cars of the GAZ 66 series. Instead of native engines, new Minsk diesel engines D 245 are installed on them. If you wish, you can make an individual order for the modernization of your car.

GAZ 66 is a military vehicle. For a long time the power unit of the 66th was operated and was in the faithful service of the armed forces. The motor is powerful enough, despite the design flaws.

Specifications

Gorky car factory did not release own engines and ordered the production of a motor from the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant. The 66s were equipped with power units that were marked ZMZ 513.

Many people mistakenly believe that the GAZ 66 and ZMZ 513 engines are different engines, but this is not so. According to official information car manufacturer, vehicles were completed precisely with 513 Zavolzhsky power units.

Consider the main technical characteristics that the GAZ 66 engine (ZMZ 513) has:

On the basis of 513, a diesel unit D-245 was developed, which was also installed on the 66th Lawn, but in much smaller quantities than gasoline counterparts. Consider its main technical characteristics:

The applicability of the motor was not limited to the 66th, but these power units were also installed on the GAZ 3307, as well as the ZIL 130. This is a V-shaped power unit, which has some characteristic differences - a specific sump, a large air and oil filter. 513 has an increased weight of 275 kg.

Service

Since the device of the ZMZ 513 engine is similar to 511, then it is identical to service it. Scheduled maintenance is carried out every 15,000 km.

So, in order to increase the resource of the power unit, it is necessary to correctly and most importantly carry out scheduled maintenance on time. Many motorists do not understand what should be included in this process. So, let's analyze what operations are included in the planned maintenance:

Replacing the engine lubricant.
Replacing the oil filter element.
Adjustment valve mechanism(every 30,000 km).
Replacement air filter(after 25,000 km).
Diagnosis of spark plugs (every 20,000 km).
Checking the condition of the gas distribution mechanism (every 30,000 km of run).

If you look, then often motorists only change oils and filters. Valve adjustment is carried out only if a characteristic metallic ringing is already heard.

Repair

Since the motor was developed on the basis of the 511, the problems are the same as those of the older brother. The main problem can be considered - the cooling system. By and large, the owners of the power unit are to blame themselves, since they operate the motor on water, which leads to corrosion of the main structural elements. Also, it is worth noting weak link node can be called a thermostat and a water pump, which, quite often, fail.

The disadvantage of the motor can be called increased fuel consumption. Many motorists have experimented with reducing fuel consumption. The most effective option is to replace the carburetor.

The owners of the engines prefer to repair the GAZ 66 engine themselves, but when it comes to overhaul, you can’t do without special equipment. In this case, the power unit is sent to a specialized car service.

Change of oil

Replacing the lubricant in the motor is quite simple. We are waiting for the engine to cool down. We find a drain hole and substitute a container under it in the amount of 10 liters. Usually, 9.6 - 9.8 liters fit into the ZMZ 513 engine. Now that everything is ready, you can proceed directly to the work of changing the oil:

Unscrew the drain plug.
We are waiting for the oil to drain.
We twist the drain plug, replacing the sealing ring.
Through filler neck, pour oil.

As practice shows, a large number of owners of the ZMZ 513 engine, enjoys engine oil marked M-10 or M-10G.

It is perfectly suited for this power unit and has all the necessary technical and physical properties, to provide normal work and protection of motor parts.

Conclusion

The GAZ 66 engine is quite widespread. The motor turned out to be of high quality, but had a number of shortcomings, since it was designed on the basis of ZMZ 511. Also, there was a modified version of the power unit under the brand name 513.10.