On car exhibitions there are always a lot of prototypes. It takes a lot of time to create a new car, and even more time to eliminate errors and inaccuracies. Only a small part of new creations reaches the assembly line. Most of the cars remain only in the drawings or are produced in the amount of one unit. USSR
Many cars with familiar contours are still roaming the roads of Russia and many countries. These were production models. And VAZ, after its creation, prepared whole line new models.
VAZ E1101 Experienced "1970 
Who knows what it could be - an alternative to the Niva or a parallel model that one could buy?
Or VAZ 2103 "Universal" Experienced "1976 
Well, it turned out that there were "Zhiguli VAZ2102 and VAZ2104". The serial trio failed to be a "station wagon".
VAZ 2105 "Zhiguli" Experienced "1976 
VAZ 2107 Modernized Experienced "1986 
VAZ E2122 "1976 
VAZ-Porsche 2103 Prototype "1976 
VAZ 2802-01 "Pony" Experienced "1980 
But as you know, the Zhiguli family was serially small in terms of nomenclature for many years. And if such models would go on the conveyor in 70-80 years?
AZLK also tried to expand its range. And many designs were created that did not reach the series.
MZMA 401E-424E "Moskvich" Experienced "1949 
MZMA "Moskvich" A9 Prototype 1957 
Minibus "Moskvich".
Nine-seater minibus, designed by I. A. Gladilin and V. I. Evlampov, according to modern classification would be considered a category B car, that is, a passenger car.
The experimental machine was equipped with a non-serial Moskvich-407 engine and an experimental four-speed gearbox gears. They used components and parts, in particular the rear axle from the Moskvich-410. They also made two cargo van bodies, but these Moskvich-FVG cars were never assembled. Work on the minibus was stopped due to the lack of space at the plant for its production.
MZMA 444 "Moskvich" Prototype "1958. 
Subsequently, all design and technological documentation for the Soviet Fiat was transferred to the Kommunar ZAZ plant.
AZLK "Moskvich 408 Tourist" 1964 
AZLK 2150 "Moskvich" Experienced "1972. 
AZLK 3-5-5 Experienced 1972 
In this "Moskvich", in the back, the forms of the BMW-3 series are guessed.
Nice and modern for the time model. As usual, production is delayed with us, then it is frozen, and such beautiful models become the property of history and gather dust in the car museums of factories.
AZLK Moskvich-S1 Prototype "1974 
Looks very dynamic and cheerful. Especially for 1974.
AZLK 3-5-6 Experienced 1975 
AZLK Moskvich S-3 Prototype 1976. 
This could be "Moskvich -2141", if the copying of "Simca" had not gone.
And this is a long-cherished idea of a city taxi by designer Yuri Aaronovich Dolmatovsky. For a long time, nothing was known about the fate of the prototype itself: after it was forgotten, it ended up on the historical exposition of the 19th Moscow taxi fleet, where it was looked at only by production leaders, delegations from other cities. Now it is exhibited in the museum. Its bulky steel frame is lined with fiberglass panels. There are four in the cabin seats. Entrance and exit through one side sliding door on the right side.
Experimental taxi VNIITE-PT. 1964 
IMZ-NAMI-450 Belka 1956 
In 1956, NAMI, together with the Irbit Motorcycle Plant, developed the IMZ-NAMI-A50 Belka minicar. The rear-engined car with a length of only 3.3 meters was distinguished by an unusual “carriage” layout for that time.
To access the driver's seat and front passenger the front part of the body leaned forward, and for landing on backseat served as a large side door on the starboard side. Other features include independent suspension of miniature 10-inch wheels, hydraulic brake and clutch drives, a two-cylinder motorcycle engine air cooling IMZ-M-72 Belka never went into production, and the prototypes were destroyed.
ZIL E169A 1964. 
An experienced cabover vehicle, conceived as an alternative to the ZIL 130.
GAZ 18. 2 units produced. 
GAZ M-73 Experienced 1955 
GAZ 56 Prototype 1st series 1956 
GAZ 53A Experienced 1972 
GAZ 3101 "Volga" Experimental 1975 
The contours of the car are reminiscent of "Mercedes - series 200".
But the Volga had a special fate. The shape of the trunk, the contours of the front changed, but the base - the cabin in all models was the same.
GAZ 3105 "Volga" Experimental "1987–92 
USA
Building a car is hard work. But what attracts a potential buyer in the first place? Especially in countries with a well-developed automotive industry. For example USA. The car cannot be on the assembly line for a long time. Need to rotate models. And what will be put in the series tomorrow? What will attract the consumer?
Designers and designers were working on this, trying to "look" a little ahead. That is, to create, if not the car of the future, then at least tomorrow.
A large number of manufacturers in the United States created favorable conditions for healthy competition in the work of designers.
Cars coming period seemed to them as unusual with rocket-aircraft forms (this aero style lasted a very long time in the USA and in many countries).
And its origins appeared in the late 40s. The fashion for victorious bodies with heavy lines and massive decor was already coming to an end.
Tucker Torpedo 1948 
The impetus for the development of new lines and forms was the approach of the 60s. The age of jet technology, the beginning of space exploration. A sharp leap in technology. The future seemed to be near. And everyone wanted to get into this future.
New cars acquired swiftness, craving for speed and futurism.
Many developments were created in a single copy. But such is the fate of prototypes, concept cars. Many of these vehicles are varying degrees were used later, in the nodes of other machines, their design.
1953 Cadillac Le Mans 
Oldsmobile 
1953 GM Futureliner 
1954 Pontiac Bonneville Special Motorama 
1954 GM XP 21 Firebird I with gas turbine engine. 
1954 GM XP 21 passenger variant of the Firebird II based on the Firebird I 
1954 Oldsmobile F88 
1955 Chevrolet Biscayne 
1955 Ford Mystere 
1955 Cadillac LaSalle II coupe 
1962 Ford Seattle 
1969 Buick Century Cruiser 
1963 Ford Allegro Coupe Concept 
1968 Dodge Charger III 
1962 Corvair Monza GT 
1956 Pontiac Club de Mer 
1965 Cadillac 840 Eldorado 
One of the reasons for the current deplorable state of the automotive industry in Russia is the collapse Soviet Union. It was in the 1980s that the automotive industry of the state could give odds to anyone. And with the proper continuation of development, companies could today demonstrate much more than well-known German or Japanese concerns. By the time the great country collapsed, many concepts had been developed, which were subsequently frozen. Interestingly, some of them still look attractive to this day. Many unusual and beautiful concepts were already after the collapse of the Union, but for one reason or another, the cars did not go into series. Today we offer to look at the power domestic auto industry, which did not fall into mass production and did not become a cult product in sales, as previously expected.
It turns out that the VAZ, UAZ, Moskvich and GAZ concerns had an incredible amount of such new products. And today the lineup the same UAZ is definitely not the best of all the proposed options. You might not even hear about the new products that were previously offered by company engineers, tested and produced in the form of prototypes. But these cars could well become iconic and sell hundreds of thousands of copies. Today, the history of cars that did not go into mass production turns out to be amazing. It is difficult to imagine how much the climate of domestic transport manufacturers would change if all the successful concepts were implemented. Let's look at some of them.
ZIL 4102 - a prototype of a cool sedan in 1989
The time was hard, but the ZIL corporation worked at full capacity, producing cars for commercial purposes, as well as updating the line of so-called "member carriers". The term, although not unambiguous, but it comes from the title "member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", and not from other variations of this word.
ZIL 4102 was conceived as such a "member carrier", but in fact the car would have turned out to be an excellent Mercedes competitor of those times. And if the corporation had taken up production in a series, then in the 1990s, new Russians would not have bought Mercedes, chasing this representative of the domestic auto industry. But on the project, everything died out.
Volga - GAZ 3111 with an attempt to improve the situation
Another failed project was the renewal of the Volga, which in the 1990s was already experiencing incredible sales difficulties. GAZ Corporation was actively working and had several prototypes to replace the old car model. GAZ 3111 is the most real contender for the production of a car in a series. This car offered the following features:
- a significantly modified body, the design of the car received major changes that could lead the machine to success;
- new ZMZ engine With direct injection was also to develop into a diesel project for a passenger car;
- also promised the production of cars with front and all-wheel drive, which would become even more popular in Russia;
- little has changed drastically in the cabin, so talking about a potential huge success was too different.
In 1998, the project even went into series, starting into production in small quantities. The trial batch started selling at a huge price, and the reputation of GAZ at that time was not too predictable. Like these ones unusual features could be seen in the GAZ prototype, which was ruined by excessive cost and lack of public interest.
Moskvich 2141 - the end of the life of the Moscow car brand
In the late 1990s, the Moscow Automobile Plant had to either make a revolution or simply leave the market forever. It happened, as we understand it, the second, but this was preceded by a good attempt to create a more presentable car than you might imagine. This is Moskvich 2141.
The corporation has created a very decent technique with good features and a good idea. In the long version, the machine even got a version with all-wheel drive. But the problem is that the prototypes were assembled from defective parts, and the quality of production has already suffered greatly. It was the last thing the legendary Muscovite was capable of.
GAZ 3106 - crossover or SUV?
In 2004, the release of a large GAZ 3106 crossover with excellent design and good units under the hood seemed more than real. The company worked on the machine in 1999, invested very serious money in it, but did not get the desired exhaust. The problem turned out to be simple - the lack of normal mathematics at the plant.
5 years of exhibitions and improvements led to the fact that in 2004 the corporation announced the release and sale of the GAZ 3106 at a price of $12,000. And in 2005, after the presentation of a couple of prototypes in car dealerships, the project was covered up. However, with more corporate pressure, this project could achieve some success.
UAZ Simba (3165) - a project for every Russian
If at one time Simba had been on the conveyor instead of the Patriot, the financial problems of the UAZ plant would have been resolved for many years. Not only experts think so, but also Russian motorists. Simba is a beautiful concept that comes in the form of a van, truck and van. The machine had the following features:
- injection engines already in 1999, modern technical base with a certain degree of reliability and endurance;
- just a unique and versatile body shape with huge practical advantages over rivals;
- quite up-to-date design, as for those times, a very well-made interior with a well-thought-out layout;
- the cargo capabilities of the van were simply incredible, it is a versatile and much-needed machine on the Russian market even today.
But the problem turned out to be tritely simple - the plant with its minimum turnover simply did not pull the project. For 4 years, the company took prototypes to exhibitions, talked about promises and certain modifications, and then in 2003 the project was closed until better times. It seems that even today a slightly turned Simba would be in place in the market.
Lada GTi 2.0 - a revolution at AvtoVAZ
We need crossovers, and Russian factories produce only dubious quality sedans. AvtoVAZ boldly answered this statement in 2000, making an almost real SUV out of the VAZ 2111. Lada GTi 2.0, as the name implies, had a 2-liter power unit from Opel and an excellent gearbox, as well as a number of other design changes.
In the cabin, almost nothing was touched, but in running parts changed a lot. Because of this, the course of the car has improved, the clearance has risen. There was a plastic protection, standard for an urban crossover. Alloy wheels looked very confident. But the project turned out to be too expensive and was forced to go down in history without becoming a series.
VAZ 2151 - another failed Zhigul
Another extremely exciting project is the VAZ 2151 station wagon. It was supposed to replace the Four and become a new cult embodiment of the classics. The attractive appearance was created in 2002 without the sale of the majority of the plant's shares to foreign investors. And this demonstrates the ability of the corporation to make certain bold decisions.
The machine was much more modern than Classics, became the hope of the company, but already a year after the start active work with the car, the plant experienced the largest crisis in history, and the issue of the production of VAZ 2151 remained unresolved. To this day, the concept remains a rather attractive continuation of the VAZ line.
Oka-2 - planned for release in 2003
Already a decade and a half ago, the same AvtoVAZ developed a wonderful continuation of the very popular city baby Oka. Then the car received not only fruitless plans on paper, but a real concept that had a great ride on exhibitions. On the new generation of the Eye, one could find the following features:
- the 0.75 liter engine had 33 forces, but this was quite enough for urban movement;
- fuel consumption was incredibly pleasing, it is practically a motorcycle with the ability to hide from rain and snow;
- the appearance of the machine was fine-tuned, the car received a beautiful interior, suitable for the time;
- nice machine has found a decent suspension, which stopped rolling the driver and passengers as if on a heater.
But the problem is that this concept also came at a time of crisis. At first, the Oka-2 was postponed for a year or two, and then simply put in the archive, where the model is to this day. However, the machine quite possibly became one of the prototypes of the design of the Kalina family.
GAZ 3115 - one of the last experiments of Gorky
On Gorky plant in the period from the early 1990s to the early 2000s, more money was spent on projects and concepts than on the actual production of cars. GAZ 3115 is another replacement for the outdated 3110, which was similar in appearance to Chrysler, and also received many new technical details.
For example, the concept used fully independent suspension, disc brakes, copyright alloy wheels. Many details have received a real improvement, including a significantly improved interior. But the model was too expensive, so the company put into production a slightly redesigned Chrysler and cost little.
UAZ 3170 - a promising SUV without a future
Automobiles of the UAZ corporation received simply incredible opportunities to develop in the late 1980s. Then there was funding, sorted out models and options for using funds. But today, unfortunately, we only have to remember the past glory. UAZ 3170 in the form of a prototype of the late 80s resembles the Pajero from Mitsubishi, which appeared a little later.
From this we can conclude that Russian engineers and designers had a chance to anticipate the development of SUVs in Russia and get a real increase in production capacity and sales. But the well-known event of the early 1990s killed this prospect.
We offer you to watch fragments of tests of this line on the following video:
Summing up
There are thousands of beautiful concept cars all over the world, which seem to be the ideal solution for the buyer. But in fact, many external factors affect the release and mass production of the vehicle. There are dozens of features that should be considered in this sense. Each plant has its own difficulties in manufacturing Vehicle. Production budgets are huge, so each model goes through many stages of testing and planning. Otherwise, the economic existence of the company will be impossible by definition.
Therefore, many visually beautiful concepts do not find their potential buyer. Sometimes corporations do not dare to launch bold projects, the potential sale of which is very difficult to determine. Only today, AvtoVAZ is starting to actively launch new cars in series, and other concerns have become assembly lines for many European, Japanese and Korean companies. Such a fate is clearly not conducive to development domestic production cars. And what cars that have not been sent to the series seem to you the most promising?
We all love our auto industry very much, we don’t have a soul in it. But at the same time, many of us are not aware of the opportunities that Soviet engineers and designers were endowed with. And the possibilities were almost limitless.
Here I have compiled a list of rare, unique and simply unusual Soviet cars that you will never see with your own eyes.
I am proud of the Soviet engineers and resent the Soviet officials, who spoiled a lot of promising developments.
And what technological backlog was lost as a result of Perestroika is simply incomprehensible to the mind.
I promise it will be interesting.
Let's start with government projects in the automotive industry.
PROTOTYPES
GAZ-62 - our answer to the Americans
GAZ-62 (1952) - a prototype of an army off-road vehicle, created to replace the Dodge 3/4, which had proven itself in the army during the war (which was supplied to the USSR under lend-lease).
The car had dimensions 5000x2100x1800 mm and a wheelbase of 2850 mm, was designed to carry 12 people or 1200 kg of cargo, the maximum speed of the all-terrain vehicle was 85 km / h. A 6-cylinder 76-horsepower engine was used as a power unit.
A number of progressive solutions for that time were used in the design of this car: to prevent the ingress of water, dirt and sand, the drum wheel brakes were sealed, rubber pads in the seals of the springs reduced the amount of maintenance. The all-terrain vehicle was comfortable: there was a powerful heater with airflow windshield, A rear springs possessed variable stiffness providing a high level of smoothness.
In addition to the main passenger version, a cargo modification of the car was also developed - GAZ-62A with an enlarged body and horizontal arrangement spare wheel.
GAZ-62 passed all the necessary tests and in 1958 was demonstrated as perspective model Gorky Automobile Plant at the All-Union Industrial Exhibition in Moscow (later - VDNKh), but for unknown reasons it was not put into production.
ZIS-E134 layout No. 1
In the summer of 1954, the newly formed SCV ZIS, which initially numbered only 20 people, was given the task of creating a fundamentally new medium multi-purpose four-axle (8 × 8) ultra-high cross-country vehicle (aka the ATK-6 high-speed artillery tractor) with a payload capacity of 5 -6 t.
Since there was no experience in developing such machines, an experimental four-axle (8 × 8) freight car ZIS-E134 model number 1.
Experienced ZIL-E134 proved its worth. Practically not inferior to the caterpillar tractor in terms of cross-country ability and traction, it had a number of significant advantages - higher speed on the highway and a running gear resource, cheaper operation. The tests carried out made it possible to identify the directions further research. Both the developer and the customer wanted to see a more advanced machine. According to the requirements of the military, its carrying capacity was to be at least 6 tons, the weight of the towed gun doubled. Nevertheless, the invaluable experience gained in the design, construction and testing of the ZIL-E134 layout No. 1 gave confidence in the successful completion of the new task at a high technical level.
ZIS-E134 layout No. 2
In order to determine the parameters and design solutions for a floating vehicle, on April 9, 1956, a prototype 8 × 8 ZIS-E134 layout No. 2 was built. It differed from its predecessor in a displacement hull, lack of elastic suspension wheels (based on the experience of testing the ZIS-E134 model No. 1), the presence of a water jet (not installed immediately) with a rotary nozzle that performs the functions of a water rudder. The water jet impeller was borrowed from the PT-76 tank. In terms of the power plant, transmission, propulsion and control system, the new machine did not differ from the ZIS-E134 layout No. 1.
MAZ-505
MAZ-505 (1962) - experienced four wheel drive truck with an onboard platform, created for the army. This model did not go into mass production, most likely giving way to another novelty of those years - the GAZ-66.
ZIL-132R - super truck for the agricultural industry
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The machine, created under the leadership of the lead designer A. I. Filippov in the department of the chief designer of the ZIL, headed by V. A. Grachev, had a number of interesting features. The chassis had a uniform placement of three (2100 + 2100 mm) axles along the base, power unit(ZIL-130 engine, boosted to 165 hp) with a clutch and gearbox was placed between the first and second axles, and a fiberglass cabin with steel doors was placed in front of the engine. The transmission was carried out according to the n-shaped scheme, that is, with on-board distribution of the power flow so that the wheels of each side had a rigid (non-differential) kinematic connection with each other. Double disc clutch supplied hydraulic drive, and a manual 5-speed gearbox - remote control. The cylindrical differential of the inter-board transfer case was equipped with a locking mechanism. A power take-off mechanism with a hydraulic pump was mounted on the gearbox to drive a tipper body or fertilizer application equipment.
The change in direction of movement was provided by turning the front and rear steered wheels due to hydraulic system no rigid connection between front and rear controlled axles. Tires 16.00–20 with a diameter of about 1400 mm were installed on the car, which, in combination with an independent suspension, provided ground clearance from 480 to 590 mm, a centralized tire pressure control system and ventilated disc brakes with dual-circuit hydraulic drive, which were not located in the wheel hubs, but on the final drives of the front and rear steered wheels. Among the serial trucks ZIL-132 R at that time there was no equal. Moreover, the cross-country ability of the machine was so high that it competed freely, and in many cases even surpassed the caterpillar tractors used in the countryside.
But the car was built in a single copy.
ZIL-E167 - snowmobile off-road
ZIL-E167 (1963) is an experimental off-road wheeled all-terrain vehicle designed for use in complete off-road conditions in adverse climatic conditions. The machine was created using components and assemblies from the 135L chassis, which was practically ready by that time, the frame of which was additionally reinforced.
The super all-terrain vehicle was driven by two ZIL-375 engines of 118 hp each. each, the power was transmitted according to the onboard circuit. The engines were located at the rear, for better cooling air intakes were provided on the sides of the body. Huge wheels, shod in tires with a dimension of 21.00-28 and a diameter of 1790 mm on unique fiberglass (!) Prefabricated disks with metal elements, weighed almost three times less than their metal counterparts. The ground clearance of the car with these wheels was 852 mm, the bottom was covered with steel sheets to protect the units and better glide through snow and mud.
The cabin of the driver and passengers was also made of fiberglass; longitudinal seats were installed in the cabin. The cabin, borrowed from the ZIL-135L, and the interior were heated by independent heaters. Among other things, a winch with a pulling force of 7 tons was installed on the machine.
Suspension corresponded to that of 135L, drum brakes were actuated by a hydropneumatic system. During the tests, the car proved to be excellent, maximum speed in winter on the highway it was 75 km/h, on virgin snow 10 km/h. However, the all-terrain vehicle did not go into series, because due to the complexity of the transmission design, it was inferior in terms of maintainability to the GT-1 tracked tractor.
ZIL-49061
ZIL-49061 is a three-axle all-wheel drive floating vehicle based on the ZIL-4906 all-terrain vehicle. It is part of the search and rescue complex "Blue Bird".
These amphibians were equipped with ZIL-131 engines with mechanical gearboxes; used independent suspension of all wheels, two propellers; front and rear wheels made controllable, and the connection between the two was provided by a hydrostatic servo drive, due to which the rotation rear wheels begins after turning the front ones at an angle greater than 6 °. The solution for the brake mechanisms was very non-standard: they were disc brakes, but they were not located in the wheels, but in the body of the car.
The machines of the 490 complex have successfully passed the tests and have been mass-produced for many years. These "Blue Birds" are still serving in the Military Space Forces. There is no replacement for them. Two 4906s were sent to Germany during the floods that swept over it in the summer of 2002, where they were used very effectively to evacuate residents from flooded areas. In Europe, there was nothing like it, which caused the Germans a feeling of admiration and outright envy.
In addition, the Blue Bird complex included ZIL-2906.
ZIL-2906 is a rotary auger snow and swamp vehicle carried on a cargo ZIL-4906. After the improvement, he received the index 29061.
The swamp vehicle was equipped with two VAZ rotary piston engines with an onboard transmission scheme, the body and augers were made of aluminum alloy, and the cabin was made of fiberglass.
To this day, no other country in the world has such a unique complex, which, thanks to the ZIL-29061, has almost absolute all-terrain capability.
ZIL-4904
The auger snow and swamp all-terrain vehicle ZIL-4904 was built in 1972 and is the largest in the world. Payload - 2.5 tons. However, he developed a very low speed - 10.1 km / h on the water, 7.3 km / h in the swamp, 4.45 km / h on the rafting, 10.5 km / h on the snow.
Lightweight hollow or polymer-filled (for example, foam) augers allow the machine to float on water, cross such deadly places where any wheeled and tracked vehicles get stuck or sink. However, since the augers are made of a hard material, usually non-ferrous metals, an auger-rotary all-terrain vehicle is completely unsuitable for paved roads. On asphalt, concrete and even rubble, such a car will have to be transported on a tow truck.
VAZ-E2121 "Crocodile" - an early prototype of the legendary Niva
VAZ-E2121 "Crocodile" (1971) - an early prototype of the experimental VAZ-2121, with a frame and open body, switchable front and rear axles. In the future, the design of the car was almost completely changed, in total two prototypes of this model were produced.
AZLK-2150 - a prototype of the off-road Moskvich
AZLK-2150 is a light SUV from AZLK, created in the USSR in 1973, as part of a project to create a compact comfortable SUV. The aggregate part of the prototype was unified with the M-2140 model, which was planned for production at that time. In total, two prototypes of the M-2150 were created with canvas and hard tops.
The Moscow SUV turned out to be different in concept from the Niva, closer to the "classic" SUVs - with a separate spar frame, continuous axles and stiff springs. In the competition of three plants (at AvtoVAZ - the future VAZ-2121 Niva, and at IZH-mash - Izh-14), AvtoVAZ won, having managed to create the most comfortable and competitive on the world market, although less "off-road" design.
The military department became interested in the M-2150 prototype, formally an order was received from the Ministry of Defense for the production of 60 thousand vehicles per year at a plant in the city of Kineshma, but the matter never came to production.
VAZ-E2122 - an army SUV from Togliatti
VAZ-E2122 (1976) - the first version of an experimental, floating off-road vehicle, developed by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense (initially, the project was created on the plant's own initiative). The car was designed using components and assemblies of the civilian VAZ-2121 Niva car, which was being prepared for production at the same time.
The E2122 differed from its counterparts primarily in its original design, which did not give out an amphibian in it, small size and maneuverability (for example, the turning radius on water and land was practically the same). The sealed body allowed the car to move through the water at a speed of 4.5 km / h by rotating the wheels. The 1.6-liter engine, permanent all-wheel drive, contributed to the good maneuverability of the car (on land and on water), which was not inferior to the “old man” UAZ-469 at all. From UAZ (for the purpose of unification), the prototype got a winch and a tow bar, at the request of the military, the bumpers were made as flat as possible, with lights recessed into them so that a car stuck in front could be pushed, the windshield and side door frames folded. In addition, the "jeep" was equipped with two gas tanks, and the body structure provided for the installation of a stretcher.
On the first version of the car, the awning did not have side windows, but during the tests it became clear that rear visibility was sorely lacking and they were included in the design. However, the tightness of the body had a bad effect temperature regime the work of the "Nivovsky" units, as a result of which they quickly failed, the light body could not withstand serious loads. But the customers still liked the prototype, it was decided to continue work and design the second version of the jeep.
VAZ-2E2122 - the second version of the floating jeep
VAZ-2E2122 (1977) - the second version of the floating SUV for the army, created on the basis of the E2122 prototype. On this prototype, VAZ designers tried to take into account all the wishes of the military department and get rid of the shortcomings of the first version: overheating of the engine and transmission, breakdowns in exhaust system, poor visibility, and work out several other important points, like the ability to start at low temperatures.
UAZ-452K - triaxial loaf
UAZ-452K (1973) - an experimental sixteen-seater bus with a 6x4 wheel arrangement. Based on this bus, Medea resuscitation vehicles were developed for the needs of Georgian mine rescuers. There was also a variant with a 6x6 wheel formula, later in Georgia a small-scale production of reanimobiles was established from 1989 to 1994, approximately 50 units per year.
But this project was not buried - the car was produced from 1989 to 1994 by the Vezdekhod cooperative from the Georgian city of Bolnisi.
ZIL-4102 - the prototype of the last "membership"
ZIL-4102 is a promising limousine that was supposed to replace the outdated five-seater ZIL-41041 sedan. In 1988, the sixth ZIL workshop produced two prototypes of the car. Fundamental difference the new model from other Soviet limousines was the lack of a frame, in connection with this, the ZIL designers had to do a lot of work to reduce vibrations load-bearing body. The new sedan was half a meter longer than the Volga, and weighed half a ton less than the ZIL-41041. Roof and floor panels, trunk lid, hood and bumpers were made of fiberglass.
NAMI-0284 "Debut" (1987)
A car - a concept car, as they wrote then, "of an especially small class", was built with the prospect of using some solutions for a serial ZAZ car.
The original body had good aerodynamics (coefficient drag Cx - 0.23). The Oka engines (VAZ-1111 and VAZ-11113) were installed on the car, and the MeMZ-245 was installed on a later version with a slightly modified finish ("Debut-II"). They also planned to test a car with turbocharged VAZ-11113 and MeMZ engines with a 16-valve block head. "Debut" was equipped with an electrovacuum clutch, a cruise control system.
AZLK 2142 "Moskvich" - an experienced sedan
AZLK 2142 "Moskvich" (1990-96) is an experimental sedan created on the basis of AZLK-2141 and presented to the general public in 1990. The car was fully tested and practically ready for production, it was planned to send the car to the conveyor already in 1992, equipping it with a new Moskvich-414 engine.
After the collapse of the USSR, the death of the then general director of AZLK V.P. Kolomnikov, these plans were not destined to come true, but the prototype was assembled with various engines for several more years. Moreover, a car that did not actually exist later served as the basis for the small-scale models "Prince Vladimir" and "Ivan Kalita" produced in small batches.
Project "Istra"
AZLK-2144, "Istra" - experienced car AZLK plant, created in the mid-late 1980s. It was made in a single copy around 1985-88, never mass-produced.
Notable for a number of unique solutions, including - duralumin body without a central pillar; two wide side doors opening vertically upwards; diesel, rapeseed oil powered; night vision device and indication of instrument readings on windshield; unique automatic transmission.
Istra was ahead of its time in many ways. At that time, this machine was much superior to its predecessors.
The only model sample, previously kept in the AZLK museum, is now in the museum on Rogozhsky Val in Moscow.
UAZ-3170 Simbir
In 1975, at UAZ, under the chief designer Startsev, development began, and in 1980 a demonstration model of the UAZ-3170 Simbir "general purpose off-road vehicle" was released. The car had a ground clearance of 325 mm and a height of 1960 mm - both parameters differed from the "469th" (215 and 2050 mm). The suspension was dependent spring.
Alexander Sergeevich Shabanov was the lead designer of the GAK theme and the head of the test group. Military samples of the machine were tested and protected by the project in the Moscow Region in 1982-1983.
Subsequently, according to the results, the second version of Simbir was born - UAZ-3171 (1985-1987).
Simbir 1990 army
Simbir 1990 civil
NAMI-LuAZ "Proto" - the ghost of a Russian country road
NAMI-LuAZ "Proto" (1989) - a prototype created in the Leningrad branch of NAMI as part of a competition announced by the Ministry of Autoselkhozmash, a team of designers and designers led by G. Khainov. The body was a metal frame, on which plastic panels were hung, which simplified repairs, improved the performance of the car.
As power plant the MeMZ-245 engine from Tavria was used, the transmission was developed almost anew: non-switchable cardan gear, gear box driving and pluggable front axle(without transfer box). Gearbox, power take-off on front-wheel drive, front final drive were assembled in one block. Front suspension independent (McPherson), rear dependent (De Dion). The motor, along with the front suspension and radiator, was mounted on a removable subframe, which facilitated the repair and assembly of the car.
Salon "Proto" is designed for four passengers, the seats have been transformed, forming a single bed. The rear part of the roof was removed, it was possible to install an awning.
In parallel with Proto, LuAZ developed its own version as part of the competition future car which had significant differences.
LuAZ 1301 (1984/88/94) is a prototype of a light SUV, which was supposed to replace the outdated 969M model on the conveyor. The first version of the car was designed back in 1984 and was the same 969M with a new body. The prototype of 1988 was distinguished by a frame-panel body (steel frame and plastic panels), pneumatic elements in an independent spring suspension, allowing you to change the ground clearance. The upgraded MeMZ-245 engine from Tavria was used as a power plant.
The drive of all wheels is permanent, the transmission had a lockable center differential. The roof and sidewalls were removed, making it easy to turn a jeep into a pickup truck, a version with soft top. Backdoor the machine was made of two sections - upper and lower, spare wheel and a set of tools were placed in niches under the front seats, thus completely freeing the luggage compartment.
But for unknown reasons, not a single version of the machine was chosen, and a year later it was completely out of time for prototypes.
MAZ 2000 "Perestroika"
Brilliant title. Well, it just delivers wildly.
MAZ 2000 "Perestroika" (1988) - a prototype of the main truck, which was distinguished by its original modular design: most of the units were located in front - the engine, gearbox, drive axle and steering. If necessary, any of the "passive" bogies was replaced by a similar set of units, allowing you to build road trains of any length and carrying capacity.
It was the first Soviet car designed specifically for truckers. In the autumn of 1988, at the Paris Motor Show, this design was highly appreciated, but the prototype never got into production, for obvious reasons.
The wrong country was called Honduras.
Of course, this is not the whole list. There were still a lot of interesting projects that remained in single copies. And even in the form of drawings.
Why were these projects not implemented? There are reasons for that. The Soviet system, again, was imperfect, often it gave rise to brilliant projects and revolutionary ideas but immediately killed them.
What happened in our time with many of these exhibits?
HOME-MADE CARS
Why not? If you have a technical education, cooks a bowler hat, and claws do not grow from your ass - so why not build your own car?
In the USSR it was quite possible.
In the 1960s, the well-known magazine Tekhnika-molodezhi led the movement of amateur automotive industry in the USSR. For 20 years, on the pages of the magazine, on TV screens, during many car runs around the country, the eyes of millions of readers and viewers have appeared dozens self-made cars. A huge thing in the popularization of the amateur car industry in the 80s was the transfer "You Can Do It" (computer), which enjoyed popular attention. For each 45-minute broadcast, television received up to half a million letters (!!!).
Of all the projects of that time, I selected the most interesting ones.
"Pangolina"
Like the first products of Ford and Benz, the legend of the Soviet author's automotive industry - "Pangolina", was designed and built by almost one person. Alexander Kulygin. Unlike the amusing "Shelf" or "Ant", Kulygin's "Pangolin" was a full-fledged car created by an experienced and talented designer.
The main structural material of the body was fiberglass. Work on the creation of the Pangolin body began with the formation of a master model - a plywood base for fiberglass. The main operations were carried out in Moscow. After Kulygin left for Ukhta, the master model was destroyed. The process of adapting the body to the chassis of the VAZ penny took place in the city of Ukhta. The original engine from the VAZ 2101 was used as the engine - a forced alternative to the planned boxer engine, which never appeared in the final version of the Pangolin.
Connoisseurs claimed that Kulygin's inspiration was Lamborghini sports car Countach. This is indicated by the shape of the body and the original design of the mechanism for opening and closing doors - implemented in the form of a movable cap that captures part of the roof. A periscope prism was used as a rear-view mirror.
In the “Andersson era”, which was headed by AvtoVAZ on January 13, 2014, the Togliatti auto giant managed to launch a bunch of new models and modifications into the series, and some of them went to concepts until recently. We immediately counted seven models: Lada Granta Liftback, 4x4 Urban, Kalina Sport, Kalina Cross, Largus Cross and, of course, fundamentally new for the Vesta and Xray plant. Plus the first serial "robot" in the history of the enterprise. And the previously promised Lada Vesta Cross and Xray Cross. And all this - in less than 2.5 years and against the backdrop of a flaring crisis!
It must be said that not all of AvtoVAZ's undertakings are so fortunate. To paraphrase an old KVN joke about football, there were many moments, but the implementation was chronically lame. After all, the plant was "creative" before Andersson's arrival. But over the years of his predecessors' reign at the plant, out of many interesting projects, only a few survived to small-scale production, and most remained in several experimental samples. We have selected the brightest of them.
Project Lada C
"Project C" can be safely called one of the most famous, large-scale and ambitious plans of AvtoVAZ. It started in 2006, was made jointly with the Canadian company Magna International and assumed the creation of a whole series of cars in the C segment. And everything was not created from scratch, the VAZ workers already had a backlog.
Introduced in 2007, the prototype VAZ "Project C" (pictured) was a serious evolution and continuation of the concept of the early "Silhouette". According to the project, it was supposed to release both a sedan and models in hatchback and station wagon bodies.
So, at the Moscow Motor Show in 2004, they presented a model of the VAZ-2116 "Silhouette" sedan (top photo) - the first brick of the future project. Moreover, a new platform with an independent rear suspension was designed for Lada C, and the range of units was to include 1.6, 1.8 and 2 liter gasoline engines, diesels, automatic and all-wheel drive!
After the "Silhouette", a sports three-door hatchback appeared as part of the project - its prototype under the name C Concept was presented at Geneva Motor Show 2007. It was reported that the concept of "charged" Lada C is equipped with a 2-liter engine, and the maximum speed is 210 km/h. There was even talk about the estimated price - about 450,000 rubles of that time!
Well, in 2008, the conceptual urban crossover Lada C-Cross (index 2119) debuted at the Moscow Motor Show. For him, they planned to install engines with a volume of 1.6 to 2 liters, which, with a curb weight of about 1.4 tons, provided a "maximum speed" of up to 190 km / h.
Alas, none of these developments was destined to become serial! In 2008, the crisis was already raging in the world and there was no time for ambition. And then a future VAZ partner appeared on the horizon in the face of the Renault-Nissan alliance. In short, in 2009, cooperation with Magna and the Lada C project itself were frozen, and the presented prototypes ended up in the plant's museum.
Lada 111 GTI 2.0 4x4
Several prototypes released
As long as the Niva exists, so many signals from the people have been sent to AvtoVAZ that it would be nice to attach all-wheel drive to the car models of the plant. And in Tolyatti they honestly tried to do it, more than once! Probably the brightest attempt is the experimental Lada 111 GTI 2.0 4x4 (21116-04) of the 2001 model. This is our answer, if not Audi Allroad, then at least Subaru with its "cars" Legasy and Impreza! Created on the basis of the serial station wagon VAZ-21113, the car outwardly differed in ground clearance increased to 185 mm, larger wheels and overlays on the body. Inside - a 150-horsepower 2-liter Opel engine paired with a 5-speed manual transmission of the same company, plus a rear axle drive through a GKN viscous coupling.
Lada 111 GTI 2.0 4x4
IN all-wheel drive transmission enough original parts(like an angular power take-off gearbox and aluminum universal joints), and the rear independent (!) suspension on double levers was drawn by the VAZ team from scratch and rested on its own subframe! Alas, the approximate price of $14,000-16,000 made this development too expensive for a poor Russian client. The replacement of the Opel engine with a VAZ would not help much either. As a result, the project was closed.
Another attempt was the prototype of the all-wheel drive "Kalina" named Lada 1117 4WD (top photo), presented in 2007. The rear drive axle was also connected with a viscous coupling, and the standard engine was replaced with a more powerful 100-horsepower 1.8-liter VAZ unit paired with a reinforced manual transmission. Moreover, instead of a rear torsion beam, the prototype was made with McPherson independent suspension! But this time, before serial production, it is almost finished car the matter never came to fruition. Maybe, at least with a raised station wagon, everything will finally work out?
VAZ-2106 "Tourist"
Several prototypes released
At AvtoVAZ, they experimented not only with concepts, but also with those closer to real life models. For example, with pickups. One of the little-known and unexpected options is the prototype VAZ-2106 "Tourist" (top photo). This pickup truck with a tent built into the body was created by order of the technical directorate of the plant, but the head office rejected the idea. The car that existed in a single copy will then be repainted in red and will be used as a factory technical for a long time.
Did you know that the well-known Chevrolet Niva once existed in the back of a pickup truck and a van? After all, Shniva was originally created at AvtoVAZ, where it bore the name VAZ-2123 and was produced in small series from 1998 to 2002. It was only later that the license for it was sold to the GM-AvtoVAZ joint venture, which turned it into the Chevrolet Niva.
But up to this point, AvtoVAZ managed to create several samples of the VAZ-2323 pickup truck, which was presented at the Moscow Motor Show in 1999. The car had a lengthened rear overhang under cargo platform 1.6 meters long, and reinforced rear suspension provided a load capacity of up to 475 kg. Moreover, the motor of the experimental pickup truck was diesel, Russian production. In the same year, a test van VAZ-2723 was made on the basis of a pickup truck. How did it all end? Guess three times! That's right, both promising cars remained at the prototype stage.
Created in a single copy
Yes, yes, this is Lada! An incredible electric concept car named "Rapan" was presented by AvtoVAZ in Paris in 1998, where this device made a lot of noise. Still, everyone is used to the fact that such curiosities are drawn by the French or crazy Swiss from some Sbarro - and here the Russians decided to show off with Colani-style biodesign.
The concept had sliding doors, a transparent bubble roof, rotating front seats and sliding rear seats, a flat floor ... When the driver exited, the steering wheel stood up vertically, while AvtoVAZ designers put not only control buttons on the steering wheel itself onboard functions but also the instruments themselves!
The drive and transmission of the Rapan were taken from the experimental electric Oka, and the batteries were hidden under the floor, which gave a low center of gravity and ideal weight distribution along the axes. True, weighing one and a half tons, the electric car accelerated to a maximum of 90 km / h. And he didn’t go far: it was expected that he would attract energy giants like RAO UES of Russia to the development of electric vehicles, but they didn’t seem interested at all. Well at least single copy"Rapan" VAZ did not let under the press, but kept for history.
Lada Peter Turbo
Created two layouts
As history has shown, the bold experiments of VAZ designers were not limited to Rapan. And already in 2000, at the Moscow Motor Show, the new Peter Turbo concept car gathered crowds around it - designers scientific and technical center"AvtoVAZ" showed their view on the minivan of the near future. And although it was just a model without a salon and even without doors, he managed to attract attention to himself.
Lada Peter Turbo
By the Paris Motor Show, Peter Turbo had both windows and an interior with a steering column, which, together with the instruments, moved out from under the body cross member. The concept was then appreciated not only by the visitors of the salon, but also by many world designers. The project had enough worthy ideas in design and aerodynamics (the drag coefficient was only 0.2), but none of these developments were implemented in mass production - and Peter Turbo remained a mockup.
"Tarzan 1" and "Tarzan 2"
Made to order in small batches
Tarzan is not only a half-naked man from the jungle and the husband of Natasha Koroleva. There was also this small-scale attempt"AvtoVAZ" to cross the all-wheel drive "Niva" with a more comfortable passenger body from front wheel drive models!
"Tarzan" was created by the joint efforts of the pilot production of the plant, the company "Lada-Consul" and the design studio Decon. For the car of the first generation, serial Samara bodies were used (3- and 5-door hatches and a 4-door sedan), which were placed on the frame. And on it, in turn, serial units from the Niva were screwed - a motor, a gearbox, a transfer case, a suspension, a steering ... The frame itself, elongated universal joints, springs and shock absorbers were original. By the way, the rear brakes were disc, and the rear suspension was independent, assembled from parts of the front suspension of the same "Niva"! The opening between the frame and the body was masked by overlays, and the expanders wheel arches and developed bumpers made Tarzan-1 look like a Dakar prototype. Moreover, for public utilities, the no less original-looking Tarzan-UTS model was also produced. Lada Revolution
Lada Revolution 3
Released several dozen racing Revolution
The Lada Revolution project is definitely one of AvtoVAZ's most famous undertakings of the first 10th anniversary of this century. Vigorously red single-seater sports prototype Revolution made a loud debut in 2003 at motor shows in Moscow and Frankfurt. In fact, it was a racing car that competed in the monocup of the same name, which was held by the AvtoVAZ National Racing Series from 2004 to 2008. A road version was also planned.
Completely designed and built by the well-known Togliatti company Torgmash, the Lada Revolution sports prototype weighed only 670 kg and was equipped with a VAZ 1.6-liter naturally aspirated engine, first boosted to 165, and later to 215 hp. The motor was aggregated with a 5-speed cam box"Torgmash", and the most powerful Lada Revolution spent only about 6.5 seconds to accelerate to 100 km / h. But in 2008, a crisis broke out, cheaper ring cars became more relevant, and after several dozen cars released, the Lada Revolution racing project quietly came to naught.
Lada Revolution 3
But at parting, Lada still shied away with another small revolution! So, in 2008, at the Paris Motor Show, the concept of a "civilian" mid-engined sports car Lada Revolution 3, made by the VAZ department, was shown. Lada Sport based on a ring prototype. The Revolution 3 was based on a steel space frame, on which light and inexpensive plastic panels were placed. The car weighed just over 1 ton. For the rear-wheel drive version, a Renault 2-liter turbo engine with a return of (245 hp, 310 Nm) was planned, with which acceleration to 100 km / h was supposed to take only 5.9 seconds. An all-wheel drive version with a 3.7-liter Nissan engine with 350 hp was also supposed. For the price it could turn out, if not budget, then clearly cheaper than analogues. But, alas, the VAZ sports car also remained only at the project stage.
September 28 is the day of the machine builder in Russia. The closest and most understandable machine builders for us work at AvtoVAZ. On the occasion of the holiday, “Another City” will tell about their wildest fantasies.
Text: Andrey Kochetkov
For almost half a century of its existence, AvtoVAZ has developed a lot of prototypes, concept cars and cars that simply did not reach mass production. Some of them can now be seen at the AvtoVAZ Technical Museum in Togliatti. Some now exist only in photographs. When you admire some of them, it becomes a pity that they did not go into the series. And they will not be able to be examined in more detail somewhere in a traffic jam on the Moscow Highway. Some of the models are inspiring. After contemplating some of them, one wants to forget oneself in the fumes of revelry at the Bottom. Some ideas were rather straightforwardly borrowed from foreign colleagues. Some were the fruits of their own Togliatti fantasy. In a word, this not the most famous part of AvtoVAZ's developments looks as contradictory and ambiguous as the lineup that went into series.
Representatives of which can be found on the roads of almost the entire planet. In honor of the Machine Builder's Day, we have selected the 10 most curious AvtoVAZ developments that you will never accidentally catch your eye.
VAZ-E1101
This cute dwarf, Tyrion Lannister from the "Game of Thrones" from the car industry, was born in late 1972. In an era when the "troika" was the latest innovative development of "VAZ", put into production. And the production of the Soviet tetralogy of cartoons about Cheburashka has not yet crossed the equator.
Actually, the name of the new at that time cartoon hero was called the alternative experimental version of the "penny" at the factory. compact front wheel drive car started thinking back in 1968. As an own development, which is an alternative to the Fiat twins, the mass production of which lasted at VAZ for another four decades. "Another penny", made from scratch by semi-handicraft methods, has forever remained a prototype. She could not compete with Fiat's developments and did not go to the assembly line. For example, a cute dwarf let gases into the cabin.
Nevertheless, it was with Cheburashka that the long thorny path of AvtoVAZ began to develop its own models of cars that were not borrowed from abroad.
VAZ-2122 "River"
The most famous soviet jeep"Niva" is currently considered in the world almost the main achievement of the domestic auto industry. It is not for nothing that for almost three decades it has been produced and sold by the plant. It is time to consider the word "Niva" as a synonym for "stability". And it seems that the domestic jeep will still dance a jig on our graves.
Not surprisingly, there are several variations on the theme of the Soviet SUV. Some of them are quite exotic. VAZ-2122, nicknamed the "River", is the first and last amphibian at the moment, created in Togliatti. A car that moves due to the rotation of its own wheels both on land and on water has never been mass-produced.
It's a pity... Shoals of "Rivers", plowing the Volga gave with a background of the Zhiguli mountains, excite the imagination.
VAZ-1801 "Pony"
Like many Soviet technical developments, the VAZ-1801 is a fantasy about the products of the capitalist world. In 1969, the British Mini Moke got to the VAZ, on which the chief designer drove around the plant with a breeze.
After about 10 years, the factory developed its own likeness of the British. It was an electric car with two batteries, the charge of which was enough for 110-120 kilometers. Design appearance the model, code-named "Pony", was handled by the creator of the exterior, "Okie".
The Soviet electric car was supposed to be launched for the Moscow Olympics. But they did not manage to bring it to mind by the deadline. And then he was forgotten, previously lit up at several automobile exhibitions. Which is no wonder... Why did the USSR need a golf cart? The country at that moment wanted more cars, which were convenient to carry a pumpkin from the dacha.
VAZ-21073
One of the modifications of the "seven", created in the year of the 400th anniversary of Kuibyshev. Crazy fantasy on the theme of "Volvo" design. In fact, this is an attempt to cross the “seven” and the details of the upcoming “eight”. Now the words "seven" and "eight" are more associated with Californian Windows and iOS. And then it was more about ours, the Volga ...
VAZ-21073, by and large, was a design pampering. Because the best forces of the plant at that moment had already been thrown into the serial launch of the Lada Sputnik.
LADA RAPAN
This miracle came to earth as if from a dream of Luc Besson, who had gone overboard. The car is named after a predatory mollusk, brought from the Far East to the Black Sea and at the moment gobbled up almost all the small fauna there. "Rapan" is an electric car shown in 1998 after a long 12 years of development. The car, whose controls are hidden in the steering wheel, was greeted with great curiosity at the Paris Motor Show. But it was just a case of "seeing Paris and dying."
AvtoVAZ wanted to involve RAO UES of Russia in order for the holding to equip the existing conventional filling stations with Rapanov recharging devices. But in the diocese of Anatolia Chubais, the idea did not arouse enthusiasm. And the world's only Rapan now stands in the AvtoVAZ control room, and Tesla electric cars from Silicon Valley drive on the world's roads.
LADA OKA-2
A small car of a new generation of domestic production, which is so lacking on our overloaded roads, was even produced at AvtoVAZ. But they made "Oku-2" in the middle of the 2000s in total in the amount of 10 pieces. And something went wrong...
The new Oka was interested in KamAZ and SeAZ. Yuri Luzhkov wanted to launch its production at the idle facilities of ZIL. But all these plans turned into ashes. And now "Oka-2" like "Yo-mobile" has become a beautiful but sad page in the history of our automotive industry.
VAZ-2120 "Hope"
The first minivan of domestic production was made at the pilot production of AvtoVAZ from 1998 to 2006. "Hopes" managed to make as many as 8,000. But domestic consumers did not experience much faith and love for them. They were called obsolete and unreasonably expensive.
The quote "makes the impression of a car assembled from spare parts from different models Says almost everything about Nadezhda.
However, the “twenties” also have their fans. As with everything that is made on the basis of the Niva.
LADA CARAT
Another concept car is an Oki-themed fantasy. Shown in 2002 and turned into an exhibit of the AvtoVAZ Technical Museum.
LADA-2151
A concept also shown at the Moscow Motor Show in 2002. Such cars, according to the ideas of their creators, were supposed to replace the VAZ "classics".
First, plan to call the car "Strezhen". But this name was hacked to death because of the Russian letter “Zh”, which is inconvenient for promotion on the world market. As a result, the 51st "Lada" was called "Neoclassic". But the “ecological niche” of “Neoclassic” in the model line of the plant was occupied by “Kalina”. And the 51st remained just a rather successful fantasy of factory designers and constructors.
LADA C
Volzhan joint project with the Canadian "Magna International". What you see in the photo is "Kalina 4x4". No matter how wild it sounds.
In 2006, Togliatti with a company from Ontario decided to launch the production of 10 new models at once. In 2009, Canadians were smoked out of Togliatti Alliance Renault Nissan. And everything that was invented during the development of the Lada C series, it seems, is planned to be invested in Lada Vesta. But we will not see such a "Kalina 4x4" on the streets of cities. You can stop being afraid.
