Technical characteristics of the ZMZ 406 engine. Motors with different characters

23.09.2019

Created on the basis of the Saab 900 sports engine, the 406 Gazelle injection engine has been installed on cars of the following brands since 1996: Volga, Gazelle, UAZ. Here, instead of the usual carburetor power system, an injection system was installed, which significantly improved performance characteristics - power, efficiency, etc. This unit operates under electronic control, its design differs from the carburetor.

Advantages

Reliability, efficiency, power of the injection unit are significantly superior to its carburetor counterpart. Therefore, the Gazelle 406 engine is installed on such car brands where higher performance is required:

Reliability, uninterrupted operation are ensured due to the design features - there are no jets, so nothing clogs in the power system.
Profitability - the whole process is controlled by electronics.
Due to the timely supply of fuel of the required amount, the injection engine can develop power up to 130 hp. With. (carburetor - up to 100 hp).
There are no idle turns.
Significantly lower emissions of harmful substances.

The only negative is that due to the electronic adjustment system, in the event of a breakdown during the journey, it will not be possible to make repairs on your own. But with careful operation, refueling with high-quality fuel, and timely maintenance, the injection engine will not cause big problems.

Design

Model 406 injection engine is represented by an in-line 4-cylinder engine, the number of valves is 16. Fuel injection is controlled electronically. Runs on gasoline.

Design features:

4 valves in each cylinder;
camshafts are at the top of the cylinder block;
the compression ratio is increased due to spark plugs, injection systems (is 9.3);
cast iron cylinder blocks, more durable, unlike aluminum, which is equipped with a carburetor unit;
the oil filter is improved, with additional elements;
improved ignition system;
parts are made of modern technological materials, their weight parameters are reduced;
the piston stroke is reduced (is 86 mm);
installation of a chain of an original design that performs the function of a camshaft drive, which is equipped with automatic hydraulic tensioners.

HBO installation

The operation of the engine on gas fuel is much more economical (cheaper than gasoline), gas does not remove the protective oil film from the cylinders, and the risk of detonation is reduced. But for the injection engine 406, its installation is impractical. HBO requires a gas dosing system, but they are all available in carburetor type. Therefore, the unit will work like a carburetor - without the exact dosage of fuel under different operating conditions.

Possible breakdowns and repair options

The 406 injection motor is quite maintainable and some problems can be fixed on your own:

Engine does not start immediately- in most cases due to the fact that the temperature sensor is broken. It is necessary to check its serviceability, if necessary, replace it.
Does not start- the timing chain may have jumped or gone off the marks. It is necessary to check it, correct it, putting it on the marks.

The power unit of the ZMZ-406 family is a gasoline internal combustion engine, which is produced by JSC Zavolzhsky Motor Plant. Development began in 1992, and the motor entered mass production in 1997. It was the first to use a fuel injection system.

The ZMZ-406 engine was widely used and was installed on cars of the Gorky Plant (GAZ-3102, 31029, 3110 and the model range of the Gazelle family).

The flagship of the family was the ZMZ-4062.10 engine with a volume of 2.28 liters and a capacity of 150 "horses".

The ZMZ-4062.10 power plant is designed to complete cars and minibuses. And motors ZMZ-4061.10 and ZMZ-4063.10 - for completing trucks of small payload.

Engine Description

Previously, the motor was designed for newfangled power and ignition systems, which were controlled by a microprocessor.

This engine was for the first time equipped with four valves per cylinder, with hydraulic lifters and two double chain-driven camshafts. An electronic fuel supply system and electronic ignition were also installed.

The four cylinders are in-line, water-cooled and controlled fuel injection.

The order of the pistons: 1-3-4-2.

ZMZ-406 injector runs on A-92 gasoline. Previously, a carbureted version of the 4061 engine was produced, which ran on seventy-sixth gasoline. It had release restrictions.

The unit is unpretentious in service. It has a high degree of reliability. Later, on its basis, the ZMZ-405 and 409 installations were developed, as well as a diesel version of the engine marked ZMZ-514.

The disadvantages of the engine include the bulkiness of the gas distribution mechanism drive, which is explained by its low quality of workmanship and a number of technological flaws.

Specifications ZMZ-406

This power unit was produced from 1997 to 2008. The crankcase is made of cast iron, it has an in-line position of the cylinders. The mass of the engine is 187 kilograms. It is equipped with a carburetor fuel supply system or an injector. The piston stroke is 86 millimeters and the cylinder diameter is 92 millimeters. At the same time, the engine displacement is 2286 cubic centimeters and is capable of developing a power of 177 "horses" at 3500 rpm.

Carburetor motor

ZMZ-406 carburetor (402nd engine) has been produced since 1996 and has managed to establish itself as a simple and reliable unit. This device develops a power of 110 horsepower. The fuel consumption of a vehicle with this engine often depends on driving style and operating conditions. The power supply system of the carburetor unit is quite reliable. With timely maintenance and normal operation, using high-quality lubricants and gasoline, it can travel up to 500 thousand kilometers without serious breakdowns. Of course, with the exception of the crankshaft bore, which is necessary for this unit every 250 thousand kilometers.

Ignition system

On ZMZ-406 engines, ignition is carried out by igniting the fuel mixture using a microprocessor system. For all operating modes of the engine, the electronics sets the required ignition timing. It also performs the function of adjusting the working process of the forced idle economizer. Due to the operation of this system, the engine is distinguished by its high economic performance, the exhaust gas toxicity rate is monitored, the moment of detonation is excluded and the power of the power unit is increased. On average, a GAZelle car consumes about 8-10 liters of gasoline per 100 kilometers at medium loads. However, if you transfer it to propane or methane, the "appetite" of the car almost doubles.

Ignition diagnostic mode

When the car's ignition is turned on, the ZMZ-406 engine diagnostic system automatically comes into operation (the ZMZ-405 carburetor is no exception). The fact of correct operation of the electronics is signaled by a light sensor. It should go out when the engine is started.

In the event that the diode continues to glow, this indicates a malfunction of the elements and parts of the electronic ignition system. In this case, the breakdown should be repaired immediately.

injection motor

In terms of technical characteristics and components, an engine with an injection power system does not differ much from the carburetor analogue of the 405th model.

With proper operation, this unit is no less reliable and practical than with a carburetor, and in addition it has its own advantages:

Stable idle.
Low level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
The efficiency of the ZMZ-406 injector is much higher than the analogue with a carburetor, since the fuel mixture is supplied in a timely manner and in the right amount. Accordingly, fuel economy is evident.
Improved fuel economy.
Does not require prolonged warming up of the engine in winter.

The only disadvantage of the injection motor is the high cost of repair and maintenance of the system.

It is not possible to carry out diagnostic and repair work without special equipment and diagnostic stands. Therefore, to carry out an independent repair of the ZMZ-406 engine injector is a rather troublesome business. Often, in the event of a breakdown in the injection system, a motorist has to use the services of specialized centers for servicing fuel equipment, which can be expensive and take quite a long time. In order to encounter this problem as rarely as possible, it is necessary to replace fuel filters in a timely manner and fill the car with high-quality gasoline.

Block head

All engine modifications were equipped with one head, which met the requirements of "Euro 2". With the introduction of additional Euro 3 requirements, it has been finalized and improved. It is not interchangeable with the previous model.

There are no idle system grooves in the new head, now their functions are assigned to the electronic controlled throttle. The front wall of the part is equipped with holes for attaching the protective cover of the chain, and on the left side there are ebbs for mounting the brackets of the intake system receiver. The part has pressed cast iron inserts and valve guides. The latter do not need periodic adjustment, since they are driven by cylindrical pushers with hydraulic compensators. The upgraded ZMZ-406 head has decreased in weight by 1.3 kilograms. Installing it on the engine, use a metal multilayer head gasket.

Cylinder block

By improving the ZMZ-406 engine, the engineers were able to modify the crankcase and modernize the casting process. So, it was possible to equip the block with ducts in the casting between the cylinders. Due to this, this element has become rigid, and the head is fastened due to deeper threaded holes and elongated bolts. In the lower part of the crankcase there are ebbs that form the crankshaft bearings together with the main bearing caps. The covers are cast iron and are attached to the block with bolts.

Camshaft

The ZMZ-406 camshaft is made by casting from cast iron, followed by processing and hardening. The shafts are driven by a chain drive. The engine has two shafts, the cam profiles of which are of the same size.

The axial displacement of the cams is one millimeter in relation to the hydraulic pushers. This factor contributes to the rotation of the elements of hydraulic drives with the engine running, which significantly affects the wear of the working surface of the pusher and makes it uniform.

The chain drive of the shafts has hydraulic tensioners that are powered by oil pressure in the lubrication system. The parts act on the chain directly through plastic shoes that are attached to the axles. On ZMZ-406 engines, after modernization, to increase practicality and durability, they began to use sprockets instead of shoes. The latter are fixed on the rotary levers. The sprocket mounting axles are interchangeable with the shoe axles. Instead of an extension of the axis of the upper chain tension shoe, they began to use a spacer, which is fastened to the block with bolts.

The ZMZ-406 engine is equipped with camshaft drive chains. They cannot be replaced with chains that were installed on earlier versions of motors.

Pistons

They are cast from an aluminum alloy and have grooves for two compression rings and one oil scraper. During operation, the piston crown is cooled by oil through a grease fitting in the top end of the connecting rod.

The spherical working surface of the upper compression ring has a chromium coating layer, which contributes to a better grinding of the ring. The second element is covered with a layer of tin. The oil scraper ring is of a combined type, it consists of an expander and two steel discs. The piston is attached to the connecting rod by means of a pin fixed on two snap rings.

Crankshaft

Cast from cast iron with subsequent processing and hardening of the surface of the necks with high-frequency currents. It is mounted in a block on five main bearings.

The movement of the crankshaft according to the axis is limited by the snap half rings, which are located in the flow grooves of the support and the cover of the third main bearing. There are eight counterweights on the shaft. A flywheel is attached to the rear of the shaft, in the hole of which a spacer sleeve and a rolling bearing of the gearbox input shaft are pressed.

Oil

The ZMZ-406 power plant is equipped with a combined lubrication system. Under the influence of pressure, the process of lubricating the piston pins, connecting rod and main bearings of the crankshaft takes place, the bearing points of the camshafts, the valve hydraulic drive, the intermediate shaft and the driven gear of the oil pump are lubricated. All other parts and elements of the motor are lubricated by spraying oil.

The oil pump is gear type, has one section and is driven from the intermediate shaft through helical gears. The lubrication system is equipped with an oil cooler and a full-flow cleaning filter.

Closed crankcase ventilation, with forced exhaust gases.

So, we have given a detailed description of all components, assemblies and engine systems. The ZMZ-406 scheme is in the photo above.

The 406 injector engine for the Volga car is presented in the form of an in-line four-cylinder engine with 16 valves. The injection is controlled by an electronic control system. Power units of this type are installed on GAZ 3302 and 3110 vehicles.

Later internal combustion engines of the ZMZ 4062 model are equipped with a distributed injection system.

Design features of the ZMZ 406 injector engine

The 406 injector engine is distinguished by certain design features:

The camshafts are located at the top of the cylinder head.
Each cylinder contains four valves.
An increased compression ratio of 9.3.
Replacing the carburetor power system with a different, more advanced design.

The compression ratio is increased both through the use of spark plugs located in the central part of the combustion chamber, and through the use of a fundamentally different type of injection system. The combustion of fuel is the most complete. The usual carburetor power system is also changed here.

In Gazelle 406 engines, injectors of the new version, cylinder blocks are made of durable cast iron instead of the usual aluminum. The design of the cylinder head (cylinder head) does not provide for plug-in liners, it has higher rigidity and clearance stability.

Engineers have provided for a noticeable reduction in piston stroke, now it is 86 mm. The weight parameter of pistons and fingers has been reduced due to the use of more technologically advanced modern materials. Modern quality materials are also used in the manufacture of the crankshaft, connecting rods and other parts.

To drive the camshafts, an original chain design is used, equipped with hydraulic tensioners that operate automatically. The new motor does not require constant adjustment of the necessary clearances.

The forced ZMZ 406 injector uses a higher quality lubricant, an improved design oil filter and additional cleaning elements.

With the help of a new power unit control system, the ignition system, fuel dosing, and ignition angle adjustment have been improved.

Benefits of injection type design

Thanks to the improvements in the design of the engine, there have been tangible changes in the characteristics of the updated power unit:

Power boost.
Torque increase.
Reduced fuel consumption.
Improving the indicators of toxicity of exhaust gases.

Technical characteristics of the injection internal combustion engine (ICE):

The volume of the cylinders is 2.3 liters.
The direction of rotation of the crankshaft is to the right.
The maximum power that the ZMZ 406 injector engine can develop is 110 horsepower.
The brand of fuel consumed is gasoline 92.
Fuel is injected directly into the pipe.
The lubrication system works on the principle of forced uniform spraying of oil under pressure on the rubbing surfaces of working parts.

The motor is forced cooled with antifreeze or antifreeze coolant.

Which engine to choose - carburetor or injection

Many car owners are increasingly attracted to the injection version of the power unit instead of the usual carburetor model. Gazelle 406 injection engine is increasingly being installed on heavy vehicles.

The Zavolzhsky Automobile Building Plant equips such cars as the Volga, UAZ, Gazelle with more powerful injection engines. These brands of cars require an increase in power, a gasoline power unit of this type is able to develop as much horsepower as is required for their stable operation.

Cons of a carbureted engine

Comparing the 406 carburetor engine with an injection analogue, one can be convinced of the noticeable preponderance of the second in terms of such indicators as power and performance. The main reason for significant differences is the original power system. In a carbureted engine, fuel is supplied to the cylinder as the rpm increases, resulting in lower power and acceleration.

The carburetor engine is less economical due to the impossibility of finely adjusting the supply of gasoline. It is almost impossible to more accurately adjust the amount of fuel, which is reflected in the performance and fuel consumption.

Despite the shortcomings described, many car owners love their carbureted engines. A car equipped with such a power unit is reliable and durable as much as a proven horse can withstand the load.

Advantages and disadvantages of injection power units

The ZMZ 406 engine injector is noticeably superior to the carburetor counterpart in terms of reliability, economy and power. One of the main positive qualities of injectors can be noted that there is no need to make mandatory adjustments to the motor. The power system here is not subject to clogging, there are no jets, fuel in the exact amount enters directly into the cylinders.

The main disadvantage of injection-type engines is the inability to independently restore the operating mode. Judging by the numerous reviews, if the engine breaks down along the way, the driver will not be able to repair it with his own hands.

This is due to the fact that the operation of all systems of injection-type power units is carried out under the full control of electronics. The failure of at least one electronic sensor will lead to changes in the performance of the entire internal combustion engine.

In order to avoid unstable operation or stop of the injection engine, it is necessary to install only imported elements, carry out regular maintenance and thorough diagnostics of the car.

Description of encountered problems

Power units ZMZ 406 are very amenable to repair measures, many components and parts are successfully restored. The most frequently performed operations are:

crankshaft grinding;
reaming of the cylinder block.

Due to the fact that the cylinder head is made of cast iron, this part does not suffer from low-quality grades of coolants. The main need for high quality lies only in engine oil. The internal department of the 406 injection power unit is very sensitive to the wrong choice of brand of lubricant, and also requires a complete change of engine oil on a regular basis within the specified time.

Numerous reviews of car owners indicate an increased consumption of lubricating fluid on GAZ 406 engines of the injection type.

Conclusion

The main and main advantages of the 406 ZMZ power unit include a high coefficient of performance (COP) and reliability. Due to the fact that any unit and internal part can be replaced with imported samples, it is possible to significantly extend the life of the vehicle and increase its efficiency.

The ZMZ-406 engine was widely used and was installed on cars of the Gorky Plant (GAZ-3102, 31029, 3110 and the model range of the Gazelle family).

The flagship of the family was the ZMZ-4062.10 engine with a volume of 2.28 liters and a capacity of 150 "horses".

The ZMZ-4062.10 power plant is designed to complete cars and minibuses. And motors ZMZ-4061.10 and ZMZ-4063.10 - for completing trucks of small payload.

Engine Description

Previously, the motor was designed for newfangled power and ignition systems, which were controlled by a microprocessor.

The four cylinders are in-line, water-cooled and controlled fuel injection.

The order of the pistons: 1-3-4-2.

ZMZ-406 injector runs on A-92 gasoline. Previously, a carbureted version of the 4061 engine was produced, which ran on seventy-sixth gasoline. It had release restrictions.

The disadvantages of the engine include the bulkiness of the gas distribution mechanism drive, which is explained by its low quality of workmanship and a number of technological flaws.

Specifications ZMZ-406

Carburetor motor

Ignition system

Ignition diagnostic mode

In the event that the diode continues to glow, this indicates a malfunction of the elements and parts of the electronic ignition system. In this case, the breakdown should be repaired immediately.

injection motor

In terms of technical characteristics and components, an engine with an injection power system does not differ much from the carburetor analogue of the 405th model.

With proper operation, this unit is no less reliable and practical than with a carburetor, and in addition it has its own advantages:

Stable idle.
Low level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
The efficiency of the ZMZ-406 injector is much higher than the analogue with a carburetor, since the fuel mixture is supplied in a timely manner and in the right amount. Accordingly, fuel economy is evident.
Improved fuel economy.
Does not require prolonged warming up of the engine in winter.

The only disadvantage of the injection motor is the high cost of repair and maintenance of the system.

Block head

Cylinder block

Camshaft

The ZMZ-406 engine is equipped with camshaft drive chains. They cannot be replaced with chains that were installed on earlier versions of motors.

Pistons

Crankshaft

Cast from cast iron with subsequent processing and hardening of the surface of the necks with high-frequency currents. It is mounted in a block on five main bearings.

Oil

The oil pump is gear type, has one section and is driven from the intermediate shaft through helical gears. The lubrication system is equipped with an oil cooler and a full-flow cleaning filter.

Closed crankcase ventilation, with forced exhaust gases.

So, we have given a detailed description of all components, assemblies and engine systems. The ZMZ-406 scheme is in the photo above.

In this article you will find:

ZMZ 406 engine. Let there be injection!

ZMZ 406, in fact, is not as young as is commonly believed. Developments on a revving overhead motor for large machines were started back in the USSR. Even then it was clear that with all the wonderful qualities of the family of motors and its predecessors, you need to move forward.

There were two ways:

- Leave the old block and, while maintaining the general scheme of the engine, work on a modern body kit;
— Create a completely new motor.

Supporters of the first scheme were found in Ulyanovsk, where an injection system would later be created. The motor is good and very convenient from the point of view of the absence of technical problems of installing it on old cars, which indescribably pleased the supporters of progress in the camp of GAZ 21 owners (the motor is installed easily and naturally, docking with native fasteners, gearboxes, etc.).
ZMZ engineers, in turn, chose option number two and began designing the engine from scratch.

Creation

According to one version, the ZMZ 406 and its counterparts appeared as a result of direct copying and further work on the DEGRADATION of the SAAB 9000 B234i engine. unusable. Unfortunately, in this fairly widely disseminated legend, neither specific names, nor documents, nor any other verifiable confirmations of the truth are given. Perhaps the only thing that could really testify in favor of this version is the external similarity of the engines and the same working volume. You can read more about this branch of alternative reality on a variety of resources, from UAZbuka and drive2, to drom and Maylov's "Answers" project. The article is the same everywhere. This information is not found anywhere else from available sources.

We will consider a different history of the emergence of this motor. An attempt to transfer the camshaft from the cylinder block to the head was made even at the stage of work on the GAZ 21 engine, but the design turned out to be not very reliable, and the engine went into series in the lower version and retained this design up to the ZMZ 402 engine. Design work on the new engine will start in the late 80s of the last century. Difficult times began, and therefore, the development and refinement of the motor dragged on until the early 90s. The motor went into a small series only in 1992. The plans were quite ambitious, and the new engine was supposed to be offered not only to the traditional partner represented by the Gorky Plant, but also to AZLK, BAZ and even VAZ. However, the economy was falling apart before our eyes, factories were barely surviving, and there was no talk of putting new machines on the conveyor. As a result, only GAZ became the consumer of the novelty.
Large-scale production began only in 1996 and reached significant volumes only by 1997.

Design and features

Petrol engine, four-cylinder, sixteen-valve, in-line with distributed fuel injection and microprocessor control system. Power 145 hp at a crankshaft speed of 5200. The working volume is 2.28 liters.

The block is cast iron, the cylinders are made by a groove directly in the body of the block. This decision made it possible to make the block very rigid, and the gaps in the friction pairs became more stable. Nevertheless, the possibility of its repair boring is provided (three repairs are allowed).
Closed crankcase ventilation, forced.
The crankshaft made of magnesium cast iron rotates in five bearings on plain bearings. Longitudinal movement of the shaft is limited by thrust half rings installed in the selections of the third main bearing. Both ends of the shaft, to the delight of car mechanics, are sealed with self-compressing rubber or silicone seals.
Cast aluminum pistons with two compression rings and one integral oil scraper ring. Steel I-section connecting rods, with a split lower head on a plain bearing. Piston pins of a floating type, not fixed either in the piston or in the upper head of the connecting rod. Longitudinal movement is limited only by retaining rings. The piston stroke is reduced to 86 mm. The piston diameter remained the same - 92 mm.
The lubrication system of the ZMZ 406 engine is full-flow, combined. The bushings, plain bearings and hydraulic tappets are pressure lubricated, while the cylinder walls are splash lubricated. The oil pump is gear, single-section with a rather original drive design. Traditionally, the oil pump shaft is driven either by a gear from the crankshaft, or through helical gears from the camshaft, but ZMZ engineers did not find such solutions interesting enough, and they went their own way. The drive rotates from the timing intermediate shaft driven by the chain. It turned out quite cumbersome, but in general it is quite reliable. Motorists, in general, consider this innovation to be wrecking, perhaps they are right. The pressure reducing valve opens at a pressure in the system of 0.7-0.9 kgf / cm2, directing the oil to the oil cooler, from where it flows into the crankcase. .
The cooling system is closed type, works under excess pressure.

Due to the higher degree of forcing, the engine is quite demanding on the quality of engine oil and needs a more serious attitude towards maintenance than its predecessors.
The head of the block is cast from an aluminum alloy. Tent-type combustion chamber with four valves per cylinder. The valve mechanism received hydraulic pushers, which saved motorists from having to adjust the valves. The intake and exhaust manifolds are spaced apart on opposite sides of the head.
Camshafts are now also located in the head, there are two of them, one works with intake valves, the second with exhaust valves. Cast iron shafts rotate on five bearings in plain bearings. The longitudinal movement of the shafts is limited by plastic thrust half rings in the front cover and front bearings. The shaft drive is chain, two-stage with the use of an intermediate shaft. The chain of the upper stage has 70 links, the lower one - 90. The tension of the chains is regulated by automatic hydraulic tensioners with thrust shoes made of wear-resistant plastic. In the future, the shoes were replaced with levers with stars, which increased the resource of the mechanism between repairs. Please note that chains with different types of tensioners are not interchangeable.
Cast iron exhaust manifold.
The intake manifold is cast from aluminum, a receiver is mounted on it, to the flange of which a throttle assembly with a cable drive is attached. The throttle is heated from the engine cooling line.
Fuel is supplied to the combustion chambers through individual nozzles (ported injection). Electronic injection control.
The ignition system is microprocessor. Based on the readings of engine sensors.
Over the years, engine control units MIKAS-5.4, MIKAS-7.1, ITELMA VS 5.6, SOATE were used. Accordingly, some sensors also changed, in particular the DMRV.

Modifications and applicability of ZMZ 406 engines

The engine was put on cars:
Volga 3102;
Volga 3110;
Volga 31105;
Gazelle;
Sable.
In addition, the ZMZ 406 is quite successfully installed by many motorists under the hoods of the twenty-fourth Volga family. To do this, you have to remove the right amplifier of the engine shield (interferes with the receiver), change the wiring, put other indicators in the dashboard, or change the entire panel (the fasteners do not match, but nothing that a purposeful person can not handle). It is also desirable to replace the gas tank, since the operation of an electric fuel pump requires an anti-drain bowl, which is not available in old-type tanks, without it, the fuel pump picks up air during braking and acceleration. When replacing the tank, it will be necessary to adjust the filler neck.
There are known cases of installing an engine on UAZ cars instead of ZMZ 409, however, such an alteration is very controversial, since a motor with a pronounced moment on the bottoms is more relevant for an SUV.

There are several modifications of ZMZ 406:

ZMZ 4062.10 - injection engine for running on A92 gasoline. The compression ratio is 9.3. It is intended for installation on cars.
ZMZ 40621.10 is a modification of the 4062.10 engine that complies with EURO-2 environmental standards.
ZMZ 4063.10 is a carbureted version of the engine designed for installation on light commercial trucks and minibuses. Power reduced to 110 hp
ZMZ 4061.10 - carburetor engine for light commercial vehicles. The compression ratio has been reduced to 8, for operation on A80 gasoline. Power - 100 hp

Generalization

To date, the engine has been produced with a circulation of more than one and a half million, it is the most common engine for light commercial vehicles in Russia.
ZMZ 406 was originally designed as the basis for a whole family of new engines for a wide variety of equipment. It has a huge potential for modernization and construction of engines with different characteristics on its basis. So it served as the basis for the creation of motors of the ZMZ 409 and ZMZ 405 families.

The disadvantages of the family include:

sagging of valve seats during long-term operation of the engine on a lean mixture or on gas fuel;
a bulky timing mechanism that does not have a very long resource (mainly, the drive chain tensioning system causes complaints; however, at the moment there are several sets from various manufacturers that allow improving this unit);
the control unit from SOATE with its unreliable DMRV is also criticized a lot (especially often problems arise when using gas fuel);
and the main problem that is also inherent in other modern ZMZ engines is the very low quality of spare parts, some of them are produced using technologies that are unacceptable in this case.

In general, the ZMZ 406 is a very reliable and maintainable engine, often outliving the body of the car on which it is installed. Of course, it is more complex, requires timely care and high-quality oil, and many of its components can no longer be repaired “on the knees with a hammer”. However, with the appropriate tool, it does not cause any particular problems, and spare parts are available everywhere.