2005 year. A catastrophic, unprecedented flood in the southern states of the United States. Particularly in the city of New Orleans. The rescue operation on the flooded streets of Louisiana's largest metropolis is being carried out on the Ural-4320 trucks of the Mexican army. Cars from Miass passed through all the complex intricacies of the narrow, flood-ridden streets of Negro quarters - where American military trucks were powerless. And this is just one of many episodes of the Ural-4320 combat work, in which these powerful machines clearly demonstrated their capabilities. Detailed overview this model - in this publication.
"Ural-4320" - a three-axle all-wheel drive (formula 6x6) off-road truck of the Ural car factory(city of Miass, Chelyabinsk region). In the model range of the enterprise, back in 1977, he replaced the Ural-375 truck.
For a number of structural elements, the Ural-4320 car is unified with the previous model, the Ural-375. However, it has more modern design, which provides enhanced capabilities and better operational specifications than the "Ural-375". The 4320th was the main model of the Ural Automobile Plant until the fall of 2015 (before its official replacement with the Ural Next.
Mexican Marina Armada during a rescue operation in Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
But its production for export needs is still ongoing. Since the Ural-4320 is still in demand, as a military vehicle, in many countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. There, to this day, he continues to evoke genuine respect and real delight with his charisma. And the price is quite affordable!
The truck received the ironic nickname "Glutton" for a reason. 50-70 liters of high-octane gasoline per 100 kilometers is a lot for a mass-produced car. Even cheap and "state-owned" gasoline. Even for a multifunctional army vehicle - "all-terrain vehicle". Therefore, the Soviet Union thought about replacing a gasoline carburetor engine with a more practical diesel engine in the Urals at the turn of the 60-70s.
However, a long way has been passed from a clear intention to its concrete implementation: serial production of the Ural-4320 family started only in November 1977. By decision of the Ministry automotive industry, develop and introduce new diesel engine on your own Miass enterprise was deemed inappropriate. Therefore, the remotorization of the Urals: the selection suitable engine and gearboxes, mutual adjustment of the power unit and the machine - the engineers of the Ural Automobile Plant were engaged together with the specialists of the flagship of the Soviet engine building - the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.
"Ural-4320" "in its element."
During 1970-1975, a lot of work was done to test new models of engines and gearboxes on experimental batches of Ural-375 trucks. Experimental batches of prototypes built in variants flatbed trucks and truck tractors, passed multi-stage tests in 1973-1976, and from February 1977, the stage of preparing design documentation for series production. The first mass-produced cars with the new Ural-4320 production index rolled off the assembly line of the Ural Automobile Plant in November 1977.
But this was not yet a complete replacement for the Ural-375: the Glutton continued to be produced by the enterprise for many years, in parallel with the new model. They tried to equip the Ural-4320 with different diesel engines: for the eight-cylinder YaMZ-238, a more extended engine compartment was even provided than for the six-cylinder YaMZ-236 and for the KamAZ-740. At the same time, cars with YaMZ-236 could be distinguished from cars with a KamAZ engine by air filter on the right wing (due to a different, denser layout of the engine compartment). Starting from 2000, all Ural-4320s began to be produced with an extended engine compartment, regardless of the brand of engine that is installed there.
"Ural-4320" in Angola (South-West Africa).
Regular orders from the Ministry of Defense, constant deliveries of vehicles to oil and gas enterprises, a good export potential of the car contributed to the fact that in less than 10 years after the start of mass production - in 1986 - the number of Urals-4320 produced exceeded one million units. The Ural-43206 lightweight biaxial truck, the production of which has been mastered in Miass since 1996, also belongs to the 4320th family.
In the autumn of 2015, the Ural-4320 was replaced in the model range of the Ural Next plant - its upgraded version, with the original plastic plumage of the engine compartment, with a new generation of modern cabs of the GAZelleNext type, and a number of improved components and assemblies. Now everything civilian versions"Ural-4320" for the domestic civilian market and partially for deliveries to law enforcement agencies were replaced by cars of the Ural Next family. But the Ural-M series (aka "Ural-4320") is retained specifically for export deliveries.
The immediate purpose of the Ural-4320 is the transportation of goods, people, towing trailers and various equipment on all types of roads and off-road (cross-country). Wheel formula 6x6, powerful diesel engines and solid ground clearance give this car a significant off-road potential. "Ural-4320" easily overcomes wetlands, 1.6-meter fords, 2-meter ditches and ditches, drives uphill to 60%.
The Ural-4320 chassis was used as a base for the creation of not only flatbed and tilt cars of a standard or extended layout. But also: for shift buses (22- or 30-seater), truck tractors and pipe carriers, tankers and tankers, installations and special equipment for oil and gas production, road and municipal equipment, fire brigade and, of course, for the needs of the armed forces.
Without timber trucks on the basis of "Ural-4320" it is impossible to imagine felling and logging in many regions of our country. Together with hydraulic manipulators, URAL timber trucks allow you to load and unload timber, and other assortment, without involving special equipment. Technical capabilities trucks "Ural-4320" allow their intensive operation in the temperature range from -50 ° C to + 50 ° C, in opposite directions to each other climatic conditions- from the regions of the Far North to the sandy southern deserts.
Ruthlessly exploited timber carrier "Ural-4320", year of manufacture - 2007.
The technical capabilities of the Ural-4320 were planned taking into account the army service of this off-road truck: a huge margin of safety, high maintainability, simple design and readiness for operation in difficult conditions.
- Overall dimensions of the Ural-4320 chassis: Length - 7.588 m; Width - 2.5 m; Height - 2.785 m; Base - 3.525 + (1.4) m. Modifications with a shortened length - 7.388 m are also produced; and elongated - 7.921 m and 9.545 m.
- Curb weight - from 8 to 8.7 tons; the weight of the transported cargo is 7, 10, 12 tons, depending on the modification.
- The distribution of the load of the equipped vehicle: on the front axle - 4,550 tons, on the rear bogie - 3,500 tons.
- Vehicle load distribution gross weight: on the front axle - 4.635 tons, rear axle- 10,570 tons.
- The internal dimensions of a standard body are 5685x2330x1000 mm.
- Turning radius - on the outer wheel 10.8 m, overall 11.4 m.
- Ground clearance - 400 mm.
- Track width - 2 m (front and rear - the same).
- Fuel tank capacity - 200 liters, with the possibility of installing an additional 60 liters.
- "YAMZ-236NE2" - diesel, four-stroke, six-cylinder, with direct injection fuel, V-shaped. Working volume - 11.15 liters. Rated power at 2100 rpm - 169 kW (230 Horse power). The maximum torque at 1100-1300 rpm is 882 N.m (90 kgf / m).
"Ural-4320" with the engine "YaMZ-236" can be distinguished by the air filter.
- KamAZ-740 is a V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a working volume of 10.86 liters. Power - 210 horsepower. Maximum torque - 68 kgf / m. Rated speed crankshaft- 2600 rpm.
- YaMZ-238 is a 14.86-liter V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 176 kW (240 horsepower). Maximum torque: 883 Nm (90 kgfm).
On Ural-4320 vehicles, the KamAZ-14 model clutch was used, two-disk, with mechanical drive shutdown and pneumatic booster. Or the YaMZ-182 clutch - friction, dry, single-disk, diaphragm, with an exhaust-type diaphragm spring.
Gearbox - models "KamAZ-141": 5-speed, with synchronizers in II, III, IV and V gears. Gear ratios: I-5.62; II-2.89, III-1.64, IV-1.00; V-0.724; ZX-5.30. Number of gears (with transfer case): forward - 10, backward - 2. Power take-off from the gearbox - up to 26 kW (35 hp). Or similar in technical parameters gearbox brand "YAMZ-236U" - mechanical, three-way, five-speed, also with synchronizers in 2, 3, 4, 5 gears.
Transfer case - 2-speed, with a cylindrical lockable center differential planetary type, distributing torque between the permanently engaged front axle and bogie axles in a ratio of 1:2. Gear ratios: top gear- 1.3; the lowest - 2.15. The transfer case is controlled by two levers. Power take-off from the transfer case - up to 40 percent of the engine power.
Cardan gear - four cardan shaft. The main gear of the driving axles is double, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth and a pair of cylindrical helical gears; gear ratio (total) - 7.32. Drive axles - through type, with the top location of the drive gear main gear. Front drive axle - with equal joints angular velocities disk type (tract).
Steering and brake control
The steering gear is a double-threaded worm and a lateral gear sector, with a built-in hydraulic distributor of a spaced hydraulic booster. Gear ratio- 21.5, oil pressure in the hydraulic booster - 65-90 kgf / cm. sq.
The working brake system uses brakes with drum-type mechanisms (diameter 420 mm, lining width 120 mm). Working system double-circuit, with pneumohydraulic drive, separate (pneumatic and hydraulic parts) on front axle and a cart, with two pneumatic amplifiers.
Parking brake also drum type mounted on the output shaft of the transfer case, mechanically driven. Spare brake - one of the circuits of the working brake system. Auxiliary brake- motor retarder, drive - pneumatic. Trailer brake drive - combined (two- and single-wire).
Frame "Ural-4320" - riveted, consisting of two stamped spars interconnected by crossbars (classic "ladder"). Front suspension - on two semi-elliptical springs with rear sliding ends, with shock absorbers. Rear suspension- balancing, also on two semi-elliptical springs, with six jet rods, the ends of the springs are sliding.
Disc wheels, with a rim "254G-508" or "330-533", depending on the modification. The wheel is fastened on ten studs. Pneumatic tires, chambered - 1200x500x508 "14.00-20 (370-508)", models "OI-25", with adjustable pressure within 0.5-3.5 kgf / cm2, depending on road conditions. On "Uralakh-43202-01" - 1100 × 400x533, models "O-47A", wide-profile.
electrical equipment
The electrical equipment system in Ural-4320 is single-wire, with a rated voltage of 24V. Batteries "6ST-190TR" - 2 pieces, with a capacity of 190 Ampere / hour each. The G-288E alternator has a power of 1000 W and works in conjunction with contactless controller voltage "1112.3702". Starter "CT-142-LS" - electromagnetic inclusion, with maximum power at 8.2 kW.
Trucks "Ural-4320" were equipped with a metal two-door cab, designed for a driver and two passengers. The classic, traditional cabin of the Urals has been produced for fifty years now, and, of course, the comfort indicators in it are infinitely far from modern ones. Although: the driver's seat is adjustable, there are ventilation and heating systems, there is a power steering, it is possible to equip the cabin with a berth. If desired, the Ural-4320 can be equipped with air conditioning, an independent heater and preheater"Webasto".
In order to create more comfortable conditions for movement and better safety, since the spring of 2009, successful experiments have been undertaken to equip the newly developed Urals with new-style cabins. This is a cabover cabin with fiberglass plumage, manufactured under license from Iveco. It has three separate anatomical chairs with headrests, armrests, seat belts.
In interior decoration and cladding - modern materials that provide good sound and heat insulation, steering wheel with the lower arrangement of the spokes (not overlapping devices). All controls are arranged in close proximity to the driver, the drive parking brake and control razdatkoy-pneumatic (which allowed to remove the levers from the passenger compartment). The new cabin provides comfortable conditions work for the driver. But charisma appearance the car, of course, takes away completely.
Overview of serial modifications "Ural-4320"
As part of the Ural-4320 family, the following vehicle modifications were made on the assembly line of the Miass plant:
- Truck flatbed and tilt "Ural-43202-0351-31" general transport purpose with a wooden platform;
- Truck tractors "Ural-4420-10" and "Ural-4420-31", designed for towing special semi-trailers on all types of roads and rough terrain;
- Tractors "Ural-44202-0311-31", also designed for towing semi-trailers on all types of roads and off-road;
- The truck tractor "Ural-44202-0612-30" is designed for towing semi-trailers and various equipment on airfields and other flat areas;
- "Ural-4320-0911-30" - with an extended base;
- "Ural-4320-0611-10" and "Ural-4320-0611-31" - also with a wooden loading platform and an awning.
On the basis of the Ural-4320 vehicles of these modifications, chassis with similar technical characteristics were also produced, for van bodies, shift buses, and various special equipment. Within the same modification, it is possible various options: by the presence of a winch, or without it; according to the location of the spare wheel holder: behind the cab or at the rear of the frame, with a vertical or with horizontal arrangement; or without holder (with temporary technological fastening on the frame); with selections mechanical power from the gearbox (KOM) and transfer case, or without them; with the presence towing device for towing trailers, or without it.
During the 2000s, on the basis of the Ural-4320, four armored army vehicle modifications were demonstrated to the general public. This is "Ural-4320-09-31"; "Ural-4320-0010-31" (or "Ural-E4320D-31"); "Ural-4320VV". And armored vehicle Kasspir MK6, which is manufactured on the Ural-4320 chassis Indian company Mahindra & Mahindra at their factory in Prithla, Haryana. All these vehicles have solid ballistic and mine protection.
Cabins, including their rear walls, roofs and floors, are made of solid armored steel sheets, equipped with armored glass with loopholes for firing; powerful safe-type doors with locks with internal blocking. The roof has a hatch that can be used as a machine gun nest. The fuel tank and battery box are also armored.
Armored vehicle "Ural-4320VV".
Provides for use in these armored vehicles of a wide range special equipment: night vision devices, radiation and chemical reconnaissance, army radio stations various types, filter-ventilation installations, etc. It is also possible to install an armored module in the back to accommodate personnel (about 15-20 fighters). The layout of armored vehicles based on the "Ural-4320" is free, which allows you to place on cargo platform the most different types special modules.
Ural 4320 is an all-wheel drive three-axle truck with a 6x6 wheel arrangement. Its main advantage among analogues is high permeability- the car will easily overcome swampy terrain, ditches, rises, ditches. It has a load capacity of 10 tons. Widely used by Russian and foreign armed forces.
History of Ural 4320
Mass production of Ural 4320 machines started in November 1977. Unlike its predecessor Ural 375, this model has:
- the gasoline carburetor engine, consuming up to 70 liters of fuel per 100 km, was replaced by a diesel one;
- installed over functional box gear;
- improved power unit.
After 10 years, the total number of units produced exceeded the 1 million mark, which was driven by strong demand from the Ministry of Defense and the domestic oil and gas industry, constant exports. In autumn 2015, instead of Ural 4320 on the market freight transport Ural Next appeared with a large number of modernized units and assemblies. At the same time, the 4320 model is still exported to other countries.
All modifications of Ural 4320
Throughout the entire production period of this model of an all-wheel drive truck, several modifications were produced at the Ural Plant, each of which was endowed with special advantages:
- 4320–01 - the gearbox, cab arrangement and platform were replaced, the engine from KamAZ was installed;
- 4320–10 - equipped with a 6-cylinder power unit that provides 180 hp. with., a winch is provided for emergency situations;
- 4320–31 - the power unit becomes 8-cylinder, which increases the power to 240 liters. With.;
- 4320–30 - the carrying capacity is significantly increased, the wheel base is changed;
- 4320–41 - the engine was replaced by YaMZ-236 NOT 2 from 2002, with a power of 230 hp With. and full compliance with Euro-2;
- 4320–40 - differs from previous model longer wheel base;
- 4320–44 - also does not differ much from 4320–40, the changes affected only the internal arrangement of the driver's cab;
- 4320–45 - modified machine 4320–44 with an increased base length;
- 4320–48 - special version Ural 4320, designed for the installation of special equipment, is equipped with a YaMZ-7601 power unit.
As new modified versions appeared, the engine power increased significantly. Recently, the plant began to focus not only on the off-road properties of the car, but also on the degree of comfort in the cabin. Seat heating, three-way seat adjustment, armrests, headrests, power steering and seat belts provide maximum comfort during long journeys.
Specifications
Ural 4320 has an optimal margin of safety and is maintainable in any conditions, which makes it an ideal vehicle for the army. The design is quite simple. There are several variations of engines, the power of which reaches 300 horsepower, the gearbox can have 5 steps. The maximum possible amount of fuel to take on board is 360 liters, most models can only hold 300 liters. The average fuel consumption per 100 km is 42 liters.
| Main dimensions | |
| Length | 7.366 m |
| Width | 2.5 m |
| Height | 2.715 m |
| Ground clearance | 0.4 m |
| Front, rear track | 2 m |
| Wheelbase | 3.525 m + 1.4 m |
| Turning radius | from 11.4 m |
| Body dimensions | 3.8m×2.33m×1000m |
| Weight data | |
| Total weight of the machine | 15.205 t |
| Load capacity actual | 6.855 t |
| curb weight | 8.05 t | 4.635 t | 10.57 t |
| Trailer weight | 10.57 t |
The technical characteristics of the Ural make it possible to easily overcome the ford up to 1.5 m deep (due to careful sealing, isolation of the main components and assemblies). The operation of the machine is possible in the range from -40 to +50 degrees. Max speed car - 85 km / h, elevation angle - 60%.
The cabin is equipped with two doors, designed for three people. IN individual models possible organization bed. Since 2009, the cabin of the Ural 4320 has been made of fiberglass.
Purpose of Ural 4320
The key purpose of the Ural machine is as follows:
- Passenger Transportation;
- transportation of goods of various sizes;
- towing trailers, various special equipment.
The widespread use of the machine is due to the possibility of movement on any surface, including off-road (on rough terrain). The latter property is provided by powerful diesel engines, 6 × 6 wheel arrangement and impressive ground clearance.
The Ural 4320 base chassis was often used as the basis for creating:
- tarpaulin, onboard machines of extended and standard assembly;
- rotational 30 and 22-seater buses;
- tankers;
- tank trucks;
- truck tractors;
- municipal, road equipment;
- special installations for gas production and oil production;
- fire trucks, etc.
The leading analogues today are: KrAZ 255B, KAMAZ 4310,
Tanks are not afraid of dirt. That's what main feature our domestic trucks. Not only KAMAZ trucks, all models can rightfully apply this aphorism to themselves. And, in the best sense of the word.
Our roads (or rather directions) do not allow designers and manufacturers to relax, but motivate them to create more and more advanced modifications.
History of creation
An example of this is the history of creation and improvement - the Ural 4320. The birth of this powerful three-axle all-terrain vehicle is closely connected with the history of the firstborn of the domestic truck industry - ZiSa-ZIL.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War part of the production of the Moscow automobile plant ZiS was transported to the Ural city of Miass. The evacuated capacities were directed to the production of engines and gearboxes.
in July of this year, the plant began production of the already proven model of the ZiS-5V truck
In 1958, the UralZiS-355 appeared in the list of domestic trucks - judging by the name, a kind of hybrid of a Moscow and Ural car.
And since 1961, the Ural Automobile Plant began to produce the first heavy-duty three-axle truck, which, together with the "family" of Zilov vehicles, began to be supplied to the Soviet Army.
Ural heavy
Ural-375 – heavy vehicle cross-country ability - immediately fell in love with both military and civilian specialists. In the army, it began to be used not only for cargo transportation and transportation of personnel, but also as a chassis for missile systems. salvo fire Grad and Hurricane.
And in the national economy this triaxial all-wheel drive vehicle, able to easily move on any off-road and in any weather conditions, has become indispensable assistant for geologists, oil and gas workers.
Ural-375 For more than 20 years, the Miass plant has been producing this car, satisfying the needs of both army and civilian customers.
The truck was in demand overseas market. It was sold to 20 countries of the world, including Iran, Iraq, Egypt.
But all the time, one significant claim remained against the Ural-375. The car was called "glutton" for high flow high octane fuel. From 50 to 70 liters per 100 kilometers is a lot.
Of course, both factory designers and specialists from the leading manufacturer automotive engines- Yaroslavl Motor Plant - worked on the creation of more economical engine for receiver Ural-375.
Diesel Ural-4320
If we single out a few main characteristics of the two cars and compare them, it becomes clear that the Ural-375 was quite suitable for both manufacturers and owners. The problem is his "gluttony". The data given in the table confirms that the Ural models differ precisely in engines and their components.
Onboard Ural-4320 with a diesel engine Specifications Urals (TTX)
| Options | Ural-375 | Ural-4320 |
| Length (m) | 7,35 | 7,59 |
| Width (m) | 2,69 | 2,5 |
| Height (m) | 2,98 | |
| Ground clearance (mm) | 400 | 400 |
| Fording (m) | 1,6 | 1,6 |
| Turning circle (m) | 10,5 | 10,8 |
| Wheel Formula | 6x6 | 6x6 |
| Vehicle weight (t) | 8 | 8 |
| Lifting capacity (t) | 5 | 5 |
| Drive unit | full | full |
| checkpoint | 5-speed, mech. | 5-speed, mech. |
| Fuel capacity (l) | 300+60 | 200+60 |
| Fuel | gasoline A-93 | diesel |
| Fuel consumption (l/100 km) | 40-70 | 30-40 |
| Engine displacement (l) | 7 | 11,15 |
| Engine power (hp) | 180 | 230 |
Judging by the time frame in which the task of creating and implementing an economical engine was decided, it was not easy. The birth of the idea of converting the Urals to diesel dates back to the mid-60s, and the first car of the new model left the factory gates in November 1977.
Here are some facts from the long history of the creation of the diesel Ural-4320. The development of the engine in Miass was abandoned, because. it was the prerogative of YaMZ, which created multi-purpose motor units. And release new car started, and continued until 1993, with the KamAZ-740 engine.
Thanks to the diesel engine, the Ural 4320 with improved technical characteristics reduced fuel consumption by 30 l / 100 km.
In 1993, after a fire that occurred at a car factory in Naberezhnye Chelny, Ural-4320 began to be equipped with Yaroslavl YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 engines (models that were originally created for these heavy trucks).
Lack of diesels in 1993-94 were forced to compensate by installing ZIL-131 carburetor engines on some trucks.
To date, YaMZ supplies engines with a capacity of 230, 240 and 250 hp for various modifications of the car. Under the order, a 300-horsepower unit can also be manufactured. Simultaneously with the engine, avoiding lagging behind modern requirements, other systems of the car were also improved.
For example, a manual gearbox, which is also produced at the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, has 5 gears, and in combination with a two-speed mechanical transfer case, it allows you to get 10 forward speeds and two reverse speeds.
The clutch, equipped with a pneumatic booster, and the presence of a power steering make driving easier and more convenient.
Some improvements have been made to the cabin, making it more comfortable. The driver's seat is adjustable in three directions (in height, length and inclination of the back), there are headrests and armrests, they began to install seat belts. Glazing improves visibility and illumination of the cab. Interior trim Ural 4320 is made with materials that provide sound insulation and heat transfer.
Uralov-4320 family
The mass production of the Ural-4320, which began in 1977, continues in principle today. But at the same time, the plant is largely not tied to mass production. old model, but for the development and release of new modifications.
Army Ural-4320 as it was, and is - a heavy, three-axle truck increased power, designed for freight transportation, transportation of people, equipment installed on its base and towing trailers in poor terrain and off-road conditions. All modifications of the car correspond to this characteristic.
are changing only, in accordance with the requirements of the customer, individual elements:
- Ural-4320- the very first flatbed truck equipped for the transportation of people, equipped with a KamAZ-740 engine, and produced from 1977 to 1986;
- Ural-43202- an army truck with three opening sides, corresponding to the needs of the national economy;
- Ural-4420-10 — truck tractor, designed for off-road towing of special semi-trailers;
- Ural-4420 and Ural-44202- tractors designed to work with heavier trailers of 15.2 and 18 tons, respectively;
- Ural-44202-0612-30— tractor for work with airfield equipment and on level ground
- Ural-4320-0911-30— a car with an extended base;
- Ural- 43206- a lightweight two-axle version of the truck.
The list could be continued. On the basis of the Miass Ural, chassis for KUNGs, buses for shift crews, and vehicles with special equipment were produced.
The model could change slightly and get a new name after installing a winch, some changes in the cab or hood plumage, with the introduction of some minor technical innovations. Therefore, in the literature on the military Ural-4320, one can find contradictions and some inaccuracies in the description of individual models.
But where there are no contradictions, it is in the appreciation of the long-term good work of all modifications of the car.
In 2005, New Orleans experienced a massive flood caused by Hurricane Katrina. The Mexican military participated in the rescue of the affected residents, using our trucks, moving freely through the flooded city. American counterparts could not work in those conditions.
The designers of the Ural automobile plant, together with subcontractors from YaMZ, do not stand still. They managed to create a military Ural 4320 with an engine whose technical characteristics are simply unique.
an export version of this diesel truck will be produced for sale abroad
In 2015, they presented the result of their new developments - the Ural-NEXT car with a new Yaroslavl engine YaMZ-536, which can be supplied in two versions - 240 and 285 hp. This car will replace all civilian and partially military Urals - 4320.
Armor is strong...
Once again it is worth emphasizing that the main customer of the 4320 model was Soviet army, which by 1982 was fully equipped with such vehicles. Manufacturers are not limited to this. Of particular note is the development and production of armored vehicles.
Firstly, the device of the Ural-4320-31 car, which is equipped with an armored sheet cab, with built-in bulletproof glass, created specifically for the combat use of the machine.
In the cockpit there are loopholes for firing, safe doors, a hatch in the armored roof, which can be used as a machine gun nest. All the vital parts of the car - engine, fuel tanks, etc. - are protected accordingly. An armored module for 15-20 fighters is installed in the body.
Secondly, in 2014, by order of the command internal troops The Ural-4320VV armored car was created and put into service. This is practically an analogue of an armored personnel carrier, although it belongs to the category of cars.
It is designed to transport personnel, protecting them from being hit by small arms and the impact of an explosive device equivalent to two kilograms of TNT (manufacturers claim more).
Characteristics, despite the increased mass due to armor (17.3 tons), correspond to classic car 4320. Engine power - 270 liters. s., fuel consumption per 100 km - 34.5 l, cruising range - 1100 km, ground clearance - 400 mm, fording - 1.75 m., two fuel tanks 200 l. The car can accommodate 15-20 personnel, is provided with air conditioning and a heater.
There are other developments of armored vehicles.
The domestic auto industry does not indulge consumers with a wide range trucks mobiles. Counting the number of their varieties is a matter of minutes. But mass millions of copies, long-term service life, reviews of drivers are pushing to conclude: they are not looking for good from good.
It has been operating for over sixty years. Construction production capacity started way back in 1941. First stock car"ZiS-5V" saw the light in the summer of 1944.
By the middle of 1945, an incomplete seven thousand units of cars were produced at the plant located in Miass. The post-war period was characterized by a regular increase in production capacity, an expansion of the range of manufactured vehicles and the modernization of technologies in the engineering industry.
Produced models
The Ural plant is, undeniably, one of the leaders in the domestic market for the production of trucks With all-wheel drive, among which:
- Transport for heavy transport.
- Road trucks.
- "Urals" military.
- Buses for shift transportation.
- Cargo-passenger copies and cars of a special direction.
The main advantage of cars from the designers of the Ural Automobile Plant is their cross-country ability. They are not afraid of deep ditches, walls up to one and a half meters, fords up to two meters deep. All this is not an insurmountable obstacle for the Urals. The performance of trucks does not depend on temperature environment: functionality is calculated for both -50 °С and +50 °С. An indisputable advantage is the ability to store the cars in question outside the garage.
Varieties
Ural-4320, the technical characteristics of which will be given below, is the basic basis for a huge family of trucks that are actively used in various areas of the national economy. Modernization of models continued constantly. The performance characteristics of the Ural-43206 car are considered the most optimal in the proposed line. The military all-terrain vehicle has passable qualities that are not inferior to its counterparts - powerful trucks with three axles. Having a 4x4 wheel formula, the vehicle easily masters any roads, including snowy, swampy or sandy terrain.
The military vehicle "Ural" has two main modifications - the chassis and the onboard version. The difference lies in some features of operation. The carrying capacity of the Ural-43206 vehicle is five and a half tons. Onboard model designed to transport no more than 4200 kilograms of cargo and almost three dozen people in a body equipped with folding benches. Depending on the modification, the transport is equipped with a standard or double cab.
Peculiarities
"Ural" - for which demand is constantly growing. A practical and manoeuvrable vehicle is also suitable for public utilities and road services, combines in the oil and gas industry. The possibility of mounting a variety of technological devices influenced the use of this vehicle in completely different areas of the civil, military industry and the economic sphere.
Suitable for installation of drilling units, communication booth, repair mobile workshops, crane and manipulator units, and other structures. Also "Urals" military serve as a base for shift buses. However, they have different variations:
- Passenger version with a standard type floor.
- Modification with a low bottom.
- Passenger-and-freight models with a couple of sections.
The widely known option fire truck"Ural-43206", equipped with a tanker. This car delivers the fire brigade, Technical equipment and the supply of water to the object or area of fire. The twin cabin accommodates six people (with a driver). Volume tank truck is four cubic meters, and the foam formation tank is three hundred liters.
Technical data
The domestic car "Ural-4320", the technical characteristics of which are shown in the table below, is rightfully considered one of best cars in your class.
Technical indicators |
|
Dimensions (m) | |
Outside turning radius over buffer (m) | |
Brake unit | Double-circuit block with pneumatic drive and hydraulic booster |
All-metal, for three places, equipped with a ventilation and heating system |
|
Wheel Formula | |
Fuel consumption at 60 km/h | 24 liters per 100 km (off-road - up to 30 liters) |
Maximum speed (km/h) | |
Weight of transported cargo (t) | |
Platform basis | Metal structure with side and rear flaps. There are fittings for fastening a body container, removable arches and an awning. It is also possible to install side folding seats and a removable middle bench |
Gross trailer weight in tow (t) | |
Gross weight (t) | |
transmission block | Five-speed gearbox, two-stage transfer case and rear axle with differential lock |
Fuel tank capacity (l) | |
Ground clearance (cm) | |
425/85 R21 Kama-1260/1, 390/95 R20 Kama-Ural with adjustable pressure |
|
The table below shows other performance characteristics. "Ural-43206" (military model) has the following traction performance:
If necessary, the car is equipped with a winch, YaMZ-236 BE2, YaMZ-236 NE2 engines with characteristic changes in traction and dynamic performance. A review of the technical data of the truck in question showed that a six-cylinder diesel power unit with an 11-liter turbine with 230 horsepower is located in the compartment under the hood. Power point complies with Euro-2 environmental requirements. Vehicle it is completed with a pair of fuel tanks, the volume of the main one is 200, the spare one is 60 liters. Fuel consumption, according to control tests, is 24 liters per hundred kilometers at 60 km / h. The following photo shows a military copy, which feels power, onslaught and strength.
Salon equipment
"Ural" military is equipped with different cabins. The serial all-metal construction with two doors is designed for three passengers together with the driver. An alternative version is a four-door for six people. However this modification has a lower lifting capacity (up to 3.65 tons).
The Ural Automobile Plant has released a novelty - a variant of a military all-terrain vehicle without a hood as such. The cab for two places is located above the engine compartment, it distinguishes the truck from the standard "bonnets" manufactured by the plant for a long time. It should be noted that such a cabin is not a development of the engineers of the Ural Automobile Plant. It was copied from the Veco Turbo Star, which has not been mass-produced for a long time.
Price parameters
In many respects, the truck differs from previous versions. Cars are more comfortable, more agile and more powerful. It is also equipped diesel engine YaMZ, but already at 240 forces. The unit is in solidarity with the YaMZ six-speed gearbox.
"Ural-4320", the technical characteristics of which allow us to call it real army truck, has a cost that largely depends on the modification of the car. The price of new flatbed trucks starts from one and a half to 2.5 million rubles for models with special equipment. Shift workers based on Ural cost from 1.8 million and more. The price of the chassis itself is about two million rubles.
Purely military modification
"Ural" - a military truck, which is produced with the prefix "M". This machine is very similar to its predecessor. It is developed according to the bonnet scheme, and all units and devices are fixed on the frame. New technology differs mainly in the composition of the used units and design features individual parts. With this in mind, all the improvements used have significantly improved the performance new car compared to the parent.
The proposed "Urals" military have a length of almost 9 m, curb weight - 8.25 tons. At the same time, up to 13 tons of cargo can be transported on the loading platform or in the body part. It is also possible to tow up to 11.5 tons.
Conclusion
As a result, the total weight of the truck reaches 21.3 tons. Due to the use of a chassis on three axles, optimal weight distribution is ensured. The YaMZ-1105 manual gearbox and the transmission unit interact with the engine.
It is also worth noting the following performance characteristics: "Ural" - military transport, which includes transfer case with a lockable center differential, a transmission that provides torque transmission to all six wheels.
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