How to make a car from a disabled woman. Wheelchair FDD: characteristics

01.09.2019

1994 wheelchair "Invalidka" S-3D 0.8 l / 33 hp - new, mileage - 160 km

S-3D (es-tri-de)- a two-seater four-wheeled motorized carriage of the Serpukhov Automobile Plant (at that time still SMZ). The car replaced the C3AM motorized carriage in 1970.

HISTORY OF CREATION

Work on the creation of an alternative to the C3A motorized stroller has been carried out essentially since its development in production in 1958 (NAMI-031, NAMI-048, NAMI-059, NAMI-060 and others), however, the technological backwardness of the Serpukhov plant prevented the introduction of more advanced designs for a long time . Only by the beginning of 1964 did the real prospect of updating the production equipment of the SMZ appear for the production of a new model. Its development was carried out with the participation of NAMI specialists and the Special Art and Design Bureau (SHKB) at the Mossovnarkhoz, and in accordance with the wishes of the customer represented by the Serpukhov Plant, the future car was originally developed as a light universal off-road vehicle for rural areas, which left an imprint on its appearance (designers - Eric Sabo and Eduard Molchanov). Subsequently, the project of a rural all-terrain vehicle was never implemented, however, design developments on it turned out to be in demand and formed the basis for the appearance of a motorized stroller.

Direct preparation for production began in 1967. For the Serpukhov plant, this model was supposed to be a breakthrough - the transition from an open frame-panel body with a spatial frame made of chromium-silver pipes and sheathing obtained on bending and beading machines, which was very expensive and low-tech in mass production, to an all-metal carrier welded from stamped parts was supposed to not only greatly increase comfort, but also provide a significant increase in the scale of production.

Production of S3D began in July 1970, and the last 300 copies left SeAZ in the fall of 1997. A total of 223,051 motorized strollers were produced.

DESIGN FEATURES

The body of the motorized carriage had a length of less than 3 meters, but at the same time the car weighed quite a lot - a little less than 500 kilograms in running order, more than a 2 + 2-seater Fiat Nuova 500 (470 kg) and quite comparable to a four-seater Trabant with a plastic body (620 kg), and even "Oka" (620 kg) and "humped" "Zaporozhets" ZAZ-965 (640 kg).

Motorized stroller engine - motorcycle type, single-cylinder, two-stroke carburetor, model "Izh-Planet-2", later - "Izh-Planet-3". Compared to motorcycle versions of these engines, designed for installation on motorized carriages, they were derated in order to achieve a greater motor resource when working with overload - up to 12 and 14 liters, respectively. With. Another important difference was the presence of a forced air cooling system in the form of a "blower" with a centrifugal fan that drives air through the fins of the cylinder.

For a rather heavy design, both engine options were frankly weak, while, like all two-stroke engines, they had a relatively high fuel consumption and a high level of noise - the voracity of a motorized carriage, however, was fully compensated by the cheapness of fuel in those years. The two-stroke engine required the addition of oil to the gasoline for lubrication, which created some inconvenience with refueling. Since in practice the fuel mixture was often prepared not in a measured container, as required by the instructions, but “by eye”, adding oil directly to the gas tank, the required proportion was not maintained, which led to increased engine wear - in addition, the owners of motorized strollers often saved money by using low-grade industrial oils or even mining. The use of high-grade oils for four-stroke engines also led to increased wear - the complex complexes of additives contained in them burned out when the fuel ignited, quickly polluting the combustion chamber with soot. The most suitable for use in the engine of a motorized carriage was a special high-quality oil for two-stroke engines with a special set of additives, but it was practically not available for retail sale.

A multi-plate "wet" clutch and a four-speed gearbox were located in the same crankcase with the engine, and the rotation on the input shaft of the gearbox was transmitted from the crankshaft by a short chain (the so-called motor transmission). The gearshift was carried out by a lever that looked like a car, but the sequential gearshift mechanism dictated a "motorcycle" shifting algorithm: the gears were switched on sequentially, one after the other, and the neutral was located between the first and second gears. To engage the first gear from neutral, with the clutch disengaged, it was necessary to move the lever from the middle position forward and release it, after which the transition to higher gears (shifting “up”) was carried out by moving it from the middle position back (also with the clutch disengaged), and to lower ( switching "down") - from the middle position forward, and after each switch, the lever released by the driver automatically returned to the middle position. The neutral was switched on when switching from the second gear "down", which was signaled by a special control lamp on the instrument panel, and the next "down" switch included the first gear.

There was no reverse gear in the motorcycle gearbox, as a result of which the motorized carriage had a reverse gear combined with the main gear - any of the available four gears could be used to move backward, with a decrease in the number of revolutions compared to the forward gear by 1.84 times - the gear ratio of the reverse gear - reducer. The reverse gear was switched on by a separate lever. The main gear and differential had bevel spur gears, the final gear ratio was 2.08. The torque was transmitted from the gearbox to the main gear by a chain drive, and from the main gear to the drive wheels - by axle shafts with elastic rubber hinges.

Suspension - front and rear torsion bar, double trailing arms front and single - rear. Wheels - dimension 10″, with collapsible disks, tires 5.0-10″.

Brakes - shoe drums on all wheels, hydraulic drive from a hand lever.

Steering - rack and pinion type.

EXPLOITATION

Such cars were popularly called "disabled cars" and distributed (sometimes with partial or full payment) through social security agencies among the disabled of various categories. Motorized carriages were issued by social security for 5 years. After two years and six months of operation, the disabled person received a free repair of the “invalid”, then used this vehicle for another two and a half years. As a result, he was obliged to hand over the motorized carriage to the social security and get a new one.

To drive a motorized carriage, a category “A” driver's license (motorcycles and scooters) with a special mark was required. Education for people with disabilities was organized by the social security authorities.

In the days of the USSR, components and assemblies of a motorized stroller (an assembled power unit, a differential with a reverse gear, steering, brake, suspension, body parts, etc.) tricycles, snowmobiles, mini-tractors, all-terrain vehicles on pneumatics and other equipment - descriptions of such homemade products were published in abundance in the magazine Modelist-Konstruktor. In some places, decommissioned motorized carriages were transferred by the social security authorities to the Houses of Pioneers and the Station of Young Technicians, where their units were used for the same purposes.

GRADE

In general, the S3D motorized stroller remained the same unsuccessful compromise between a full-fledged two-seater microcar and a “motorized prosthesis” as the previous model, and this contradiction was not only not resolved, but also significantly aggravated. Even the increased comfort of a closed body did not redeem the very low dynamic characteristics, noise, large mass, high fuel consumption and, in general, the concept of a microcar on motorcycle units, which was outdated by the standards of the seventies.

During the production of the motorized carriage, there was a gradual drift from this concept to the use of an ordinary passenger car of an especially small class adapted for driving a disabled person. At first, disabled modifications of the Zaporozhtsev were widely used, and subsequently the S3D was replaced by the disabled modification of the Oka, which was issued to the disabled before the monetization of benefits, in recent years, along with the “classic” VAZ models adapted for manual control.

Despite the unsightly appearance and obvious lack of prestige, the motorized carriage had a number of design solutions unusual for the Soviet automobile industry and quite progressive for those times: it is enough to note the transverse engine, independent suspension of all wheels, rack and pinion steering, clutch cable drive - all this in those years has not yet become generally accepted in the practice of world automotive engineering, and appeared on “real” Soviet cars only in the eighties. Due to the absence of an engine in the front, the replacement of foot pedals with special handles and levers, as well as the design of the front axle with transverse torsion bars moved far forward (like the Zaporozhets), there was enough space in the cabin for the driver’s fully extended legs, which was especially important for those , in whom they could not bend or were paralyzed.

Passability on sand and broken country roads for disabled women was excellent - this was due to its low weight, short wheelbase, independent suspension and good loading of the drive axle thanks to the chosen layout. Only on loose snow, the permeability was low (some craftsmen used extended rims - the life of the tires on such rims was greatly reduced, but the contact patch with the road increased significantly, the permeability improved, and the ride smoothed somewhat).

In operation and maintenance, motorized carriages were generally unpretentious. Thus, a two-stroke air-cooled engine easily started in any frost, warmed up quickly and did not cause any problems during operation in winter, unlike water-cooled engines (in those years, private cars were operated mainly “on the water” due to the shortage and low operating qualities of existing antifreezes). The weak point in operation in winter was the diaphragm fuel pump - condensate sometimes froze in it in the cold, which caused the engine to stall while driving, as well as the gasoline interior heater, which was quite capricious - a description of its possible malfunctions took about a quarter of the "instructions for operation of S3D", although it provided all-weather operation of a motorized carriage. Many components of the motorized carriage have earned high praise from the operators and amateur automakers who used them in their designs due to the combination of simplicity and structural reliability.

Among the cars there are instances that embody the history of society. One of these machines is the SZD motorized carriage as an intermediate link between a motorcycle and a full-fledged car.

Today, the SZD motorized stroller can only be exhibited at a retro car show. This vehicle was produced from 1970 to 1997. - almost 30 years. For the disabled of the Soviet era, this motorized carriage was an indispensable means of transportation, moreover, it was issued by the state free of charge. A person could use it for 2.5 years, then a major overhaul was carried out, and also free of charge. The repaired SZD motorized wheelchair was returned to the disabled person, and he could ride it for another 2.5 years. It was believed that after 5 years the motor resource was completely consumed, the vehicle had to be returned to the social security authorities. After that, the disabled person was given a new SZD motorized wheelchair. Thanks to this transport, people with lower limb injuries could lead a full life, move wherever they want and feel quite comfortable not only in the city traffic, but also on dirt country roads. It was essentially a quad bike with an attached body. The designers ensured that the legs of a person in a motorized wheelchair could be fully extended, and it was possible to control the movement with their hands. For those people whose legs did not bend, transport has become a real find.

After the Patriotic War, yesterday's legless fighters, having orders and medals, moved on makeshift carts, looking at people from the bottom up. The opportunity to be on the same level with healthy people was the best means of social rehabilitation.

Why a motorized stroller?

The designers of the Soviet period wanted to create a simple and trouble-free car for rural residents, but the state allocated funds to support the disabled. They were supposed to produce vehicles at GAZ, but the plant was overloaded with the production of trucks, and the order was transferred to Serpukhov. The plant there had a much more modest technical base, as a result of which the FDD motorized carriage was significantly simplified and adapted to local capabilities. It turned out to be a compromise between a real passenger car and a good prosthesis: advantages and disadvantages were present in equal measure.

In fairness, it must be said that the parts of the motorized carriage were in great demand, from which the Kulibins made other equipment in the garages: all-terrain vehicles, tiny tractors, snowmobiles, cars of their own design and other models. In the Soviet magazine Modelist-Constructor, people shared their technical solutions on this topic. The boys in the Houses of Pioneers and circles of young technicians enthusiastically made various moving home-made products, the details for which were all the same decommissioned motorized carriages.

With the world on a string

They didn’t invent anything especially for the motorized carriage, but they took the finished one and finalized it. So, the engine of the motorized carriage SZD is motorcycle, from IZH-Planet, rear-wheel drive. Rack and pinion steering, independent torsion suspension on all wheels, load-bearing body, hydraulic brakes on all four wheels. The front suspension was “written off” from the Beetle, it was invented by Ferdinand Porsche himself.

The motorcycle engine has become derated. Forced air cooling was put on it, an additional electric starter was added, and a Moscow generator was installed nearby. The fuel tank was placed lower than on a motorcycle, and an additional fuel pump was installed, which was used on boats. All this led to the fact that the engine was not afraid of any frost, the start-up took place with one touch.

The fuel for the engine was a mixture of gasoline and oil in a ratio of 20: 1, and people managed to add mining to low-octane gasoline. The motorized carriage still rode, but the life of the engine was reduced. A 10 horsepower engine "ate" 5 liters of fuel per 100 km.

The gearbox is mechanical 4-speed, there is no reverse gear. Instead of a reverse gear, a gearbox or reverse was installed, so the motorized carriage could go backward in any gear. There was also a petrol heater with a separate gas tank.

control levers

They are truly unique, a person could do with his hands what everyone else uses 4 limbs for. In addition to the levers familiar to us, the wheelchair motorized wheelchair FDD also had the following:

Brake lever.
Reverse.
Kick starter.
Clutch.
Accelerator (gas).

Riding a motorcycle was not very comfortable.

The car "sneezed", cracked, was poorly heated, rattled and could reach a speed of no more than 55 km / h. There could only be one passenger, but still people were protected from snow, bad weather and impassability. The length of the motorized carriage is a little more than 2.5 meters, and the weight is about half a ton. In the unforgettable "Operation "Y"" actor Morgunov easily moves the car, the same could be repeated by any person. With the light hand of a wonderful actor, the little car received the popular name "morgunovka".

Innovative technical solutions

The technical characteristics of the SZD motorized carriage were far ahead of their time. So, each wheel had an independent suspension. This design appeared on Soviet cars only 20 years later. This scheme is better known under the name "MacPherson suspension", it is also a "swinging candle". Each wheel has a shock absorber, so the wheelchair was not afraid of loose soil, sand, stones, or shallow pits. The motorized stroller was the ideal means of transportation on broken roads and off-road.

The rack and pinion type of steering was also first installed on a motorized stroller. This type gives high rigidity. Simply put, rack and pinion steering is easy to turn the wheels in a critical situation, it is safe and simple. After the end of the turn, the steering wheel returns to its original position on its own, and play never occurs.

Cable clutch drive is another technical simplification. No hydraulic booster or oil is required, just one cable - and the clutch discs are divorced, the transmission of torque from the engine to the wheels is stopped.

Wiring diagram

It included 42 elements that provided all the functions necessary for the car. The electrical circuit of the FDD motorized carriage had the following main components:

Accumulator battery.
Generator.
Lanterns and light "stop".
Relay switches.
Control lamps.
Headlights and headlights.
Wiper.
Fuse block.

There was even such a luxury as an engine compartment lamp. There was a control lamp - a neutral position indicator, a power outlet, a fuse box, as well as a ceiling lamp in the cabin. The dashboard is a minimalist's dream: speedometer, ammeter and fuel gauge. Starting the engine could be done with both the key and the kickstarter lever. At a time when half of the cars started with a “crooked starter” in any weather, the ability to start the engine from the passenger compartment was unprecedentedly comfortable.

Is it possible to buy a motorized stroller today?

A real rarity - that's what the SZD motorized stroller is called today. Avito, for example, offers options both in Moscow and in other regions of Russia. In the capital, "morgunovka" costs about half a million rubles, however, it has undergone a complete restoration, and this is a collector's item. Ordinary motorized carriages in varying degrees of preservation with and without documents are sold at prices ranging from 6,000 to 25,000 rubles.

They buy a motorized stroller today not so much for utilitarian purposes, but as a materialized memory of a warm, but forever bygone time.

I would like to bring to your attention an amazing Soviet-made exhibit - the SMZ S3D motorized stroller. And also talk about your general impressions of this rather rare car. Rare due to the fact that at one time they "went to scrap" and, unfortunately, there are very few of them left, especially in good external and working condition.

So, to begin with, a little general history. The production of this S3D model began already 44 years ago, in 1970 in the Russian city of Serpukhov. Produced until 1997. I found in one source that 223,051 models rolled off the assembly line. However, until our time, their number has clearly decreased significantly, because it was issued to people with disabilities for only 5 years, after which it “went under pressure”. Previously, a category A license was required to drive this model.

As for the filling of the car, everything is very simple here. A single-cylinder engine from Izh, which produces 12 horsepower and accelerates the car to 65 km / h - my personal record! But this is very difficult for a motorized carriage, because, despite its small dimensions, it weighs half a ton. Her normal speed is 40 km/h. What is necessary for the city - it will not be possible to break the speed limit! The engine is located at the rear, and jokingly feels similar to sports cars. The volume of the tank is 18 liters. And he eats a "box", I want to say, not bad! I fill in the 92nd mixed with semi-synthetics. The main thing is not to overdo it with oil, otherwise it smokes in a terrible way.

I have a 1988 copy. Above the body, however, I had to “poshamanit” a little. A bit of putty, painting... The color was reproduced to the original. The rest was lucky - everything was in its place. Removable seats, spare tire in the luggage compartment...

Most of all, I was struck by the fact that there were native Prostor wheels - made in USSR. They are over 20 years old and are like new. Here is a sign of quality!

The motorcycle is equipped with a four-speed manual transmission. The gear shifts like a motorcycle. There is also a reverse, thanks to which you go the same way both forward and backward.

The suspension is very soft: it swallows holes and bumps so well that you are amazed. At the same time, you don’t worry at all that you will “ditch” this very suspension. This unit is definitely made for bad roads.

Before her father "found" her, he had never met SMZ anywhere. Only ZAZs, Volga, Moskvichs of different years and editions caught my eye, but there was not even a mention of such an exhibit. I remember my first impression - it was shocking, it is difficult to describe it in words. Just think, such a miracle and now it's mine! Although the car is clumsy, it is still so beautiful and in a bright orange color.

Sitting in a motorized carriage, you understand that you obviously did not sit behind the wheel of something like that. For starters, you have no idea how to start it, where is the brake pedal and where is the gas pedal, how to squeeze the clutch and where, after all, is the gear lever? All this has its own zest. When you still find the engine start button (why don’t you need a modern car?), you press it and ... you hear a whole series of cannon shots, and you, in turn, sit, smile with the most sincere smile, that you managed to breathe life into a rarity with just a touch.

Appearance for an amateur, but how much it causes emotions! Pass or drive indifferent past such a car will not work. It leaves a lot of impressions on people of all ages.

The engine is a bit tired, like many parts of the car, so you can hardly risk going long distances. The motorized stroller sometimes works like a Swiss watch, sometimes like a “clunker” - sometimes it goes, sometimes it doesn’t. In a word, a very wayward car. Today it works perfectly and is in no way inferior to a modern car - tomorrow you already have to push your shoulder back home. Therefore, it makes no sense to pass inspection. You can leave, run in, take a couple of videos or photos, and back to the garage, for a well-deserved rest.

For those who could still catch times of the USSR or the nineties they know and remember small, funny cars, the names of which were "invalid". The appearance of such a vehicle was no different from an ordinary car, but officially it was considered a motorized carriage.

It was not possible to purchase such transport on their own, it was given to people who were disabled completely free of charge.

The disabled person had simple control so that, for example, a person who has lost a leg or arm has the opportunity to comfortably manage it.

All people who received a disability no longer had the opportunity and the right to drive an ordinary car in the future, but at the same time they were left with the opportunity to drive a “disabled person”. Namely, by the fact that the opportunity to drive all available categories was deleted from his rights, and as a result, only a motorized carriage was left.

But in order to get a motorized carriage, it was also mandatory to have rights, and disabled people who did not have them were given the opportunity to study at special courses.

Funny small size car had inside stove, two places and a connector for mounting the radio.

Meanwhile, in the USSR, a car that had two seats was a rarity, so the “invalid” was already a special and valuable car.

A disabled person was given free of charge to people for 5 years, and later this figure changed to 7.

Also, an overhaul was additionally attached once free of charge at the expense of the state. After all, it understood that disabled people had a limited budget and it was practically impossible to repair a car by themselves without their help. Because of this, all the "disabled" were in almost perfect condition and rarely broke.

Much later, drivers of disabled women came up with a scheme to provide the state with a certificate stating that the old car was returned and the new one was received, and gave their old copies to the village of their grandchildren, relatives and friends.

IN there were no traffic police in those places, so you can drive as much as you like.

And the “disabled woman” was of particular value for teenagers, because at that time they could only dream of a car.

Specifications

The car "invalid" had only three wheels, which allowed such a system to be very simple and convenient to control the steering wheel and at the same time save significantly due to this.

For the supporting base, a frame was taken from a pipe, which was welded together with each other. To get a closed space for drivers and "organs" of transport, everything was sheathed with sheets made of steel.

The transport length was 2650 m, the width of the "disabled person" was 1388 m, and the height was 1330 m

The driver's cab was double, and the engine was located behind the seat.

Ahead, in front of the hood, was all the steering and wheel suspension. The rear suspension was made independent on the levers. Each of the wheels had only one spring and a friction shock absorber.

The brakes were only manual, and the rear wheels were leading in transport control.

Such a car was started with the help of a manual kick, on the front of the body was one headlight.

On the sides also placed small flashlights. which served as door collars and sidelights. The motorized stroller was not equipped with a luggage carrier.

The doors consisted of two frames made of metal and lined with fabric. This "construction" as a result turned out to be quite light, and amounted to only 275 kilograms.

But thanks to this, the "disabled" could accelerate to 30 km / h.

The gasoline that was run was 66 and approximately per 100 km it was necessary to refuel 4-.45 liters.

Its main advantages are:

simplicity in use;
design suitability to repair.

The disadvantages were:

off-road unsuitability:
the machine worked hard in climbs.

Model characteristic

What are the technical characteristics of the model? In the USSR, two modification "disabled" were produced, this SMZ.S1L.O and SMZ.S1L.OL.

They differed from the standard model in their controls. Transport SMZ.S1L was designed for disabled people who could drive with two hands.

The right one could turn the steering wheel and control the "gas", and the left one could switch the headlights, signal and clutch.

Ahead of the driver were levers with which you could start the engine, change gears, turn on reverse, main or brake.

Models SMZ.S1L.O and SMZ.S1L.OL calculated on the disabled who could manage with just one hand.

The mechanism by which it was possible to control transport, located in the middle of the cab and looked like a lever that swings.

It is attached to the steering shaft, which was vertical. And when the driver turned the lever, the direction in which the "invalid" was moving changed.

If the lever move down or up, then it was possible to change gears in this way, and to slow down only by moving the “steering wheel” towards yourself.

Also on this mechanism one could find "gas", a lever with which it was possible to control the clutch, a turn signal switch, a signal and headlights.

How much does a disabled car cost?

Cars "invalid" today are very rare and valued very highly. Now on the market it is almost impossible to find a vehicle of any model in the open sale.

Since before they were issued to their owners for free, but were resold for a penny, today the amount of their purchase is impressive.

For a car with documents, depending on the model, you will need to pay from 50,000 thousand rubles to 80,000. Without documents, you can find much cheaper, but this is very rare, since they belonged to already deceased disabled people.

In pursuit of such a rare "trophy" it will be necessary to bypass quite a few exhibitions, car dealerships, and garages. AND there is no guarantee that you will be able to purchase the copy you like.

Tricycle "Kyivlyanin"

Immediately after the war, equipment appeared in the USSR that is a bit similar to a moped, it was a K16 motorcycle, namely "Kiev". It was the very first wheelchair model and had a small ninety-eight cc motor, a front fork, and an interesting body.

The control in this car was with a lever that was attached to the fork like a regular classic steering wheel..

He was offset to the axis of the crew, so as not to interfere with the ride. There was also a motorcycle throttle that rocked up and down to shift the clutches.

The levers for switching were located near the driver's foot, as was the tricycle "institution" mechanism.

It was not suitable for any long trips, but for short distances it was just right.

S1L

The next round of evolution was tricycle S1L.

The appearance of this small vehicle was iron-like due to its triangular shape. The production of this type for the disabled began at the Serpukhov plant in 1952. Despite the many shortcomings that this car had, the most important advantage in it was that it could protect a person from bad weather conditions, thanks to a canvas folding roof and a metal body.

If we talk about the comfort of this car, then it was practically non-existent..

Due to the fact that there was no heating salon, in cold weather, riding on it became simply unbearable. The sound of the engine was so strong and loud that after a trip it was often just pawned in the ears.

S1L had two-stroke engine displacement, which was 125 cu.

also machine had a steering wheel and rear wheel suspension. The frame of the body itself was made of pipes, which were welded together and, as a result, simply covered with metal.

Machine speed did not reach higher than 30 km/h and this is justified by the fact that the weight of the car was very large for a weak motor.

But closer to 1956, it was changed to Izhevsk, which was more powerful and could reach a speed of about 55 km / h. The implementation of these characteristics made the car very unstable, it became especially obvious when cornering.

The disadvantages include:

poor lighting;
poor permeability;
frequent repairs.

Even despite the fact that the “invalidka” car was popular only during the USSR, now, with good searches, you can find this rarity in deep villages.

Based on the fact that their owners were mostly elderly people and their speed often did not exceed 50 km, The cars are in almost perfect condition.

Also in those days, for the traffic police, stopping a disabled car was a sign of bad taste, since their drivers were aged people who very rarely violated, and it was not advisable to check their documents.

SMZ SZD-Invalidka

Car history

Acquired in 2015.

S-3D (es-tri-de) - a two-seat four-wheeled motorized carriage of the Serpukhov Automobile Plant (at that time still SMZ). The car replaced the C3AM motorized carriage in 1970.

Production of S3D began in July 1970, and the last 300 copies left SeAZ in the fall of 1997. A total of 223,051 motorized strollers were produced.

The body of the motorized carriage had a length of less than 3 meters, but at the same time the car weighed quite a lot - a little less than 500 kilograms in running order, more than the 2 + 2-seater Fiat Nuova 500 (470 kg) and is quite comparable with the four-seater Trabant with its partially plastic body (620 kg), and even all-metal "Okoy" (620 kg) and "humped" "Zaporozhets" ZAZ-965 (640 kg).

Suspension - front and rear torsion bar, double trailing arms front and single - rear. Wheels - dimension 10", with collapsible disks, tires 5.0-10".

Brakes - shoe drums on all wheels, hydraulic drive from a hand lever.

Steering - rack and pinion type.

Such cars were popularly referred to as “disabled cars” and distributed (sometimes with partial or full payment) through social security agencies among disabled people of various categories. Motorized carriages were issued by social security for 5 years. After two years and six months of operation, the disabled person received a free repair of the “invalid”, then used this vehicle for another two and a half years. As a result, he was obliged to hand over the motorized carriage to the social security and get a new one.

Producer: Serpukhov plant.
Years of production: 1970-1997.
Class: motorized carriage (heavy quadricycle).
Body type: 2‑door coupe (2‑seater).
Layout: rear-engine, rear-wheel drive.
Engines: Izh-Planet-2, Izh-Planet-3.
Length, width, height, mm: 2825, 1380, 1300.
Clearance, mm: 170-180.
Wheelbase, mm: 1700.
Track front / rear: 1114/1114.
Weight, kg: 498 (without load, in running order).