Why is the engine not pulling on the car. Why the diesel engine does not pull or the reasons why the engine does not develop full power

29.06.2020

Miscellaneous

In the life of motorists, a situation often arises when, when leaving the road and trying to accelerate, it is noted that the engine does not pull.

That is, the dynamics of acceleration is very "sluggish", the car is reluctant to pick up speed, and it seems that something is holding it.

This problem can arise with almost any car - domestic or foreign, gasoline and diesel, with a carburetor power system and an injector.

Often, a drop in traction is accompanied by additional symptoms - third-party sounds appear when the engine is running, the engine may stall in one of the modes (usually at idle), the crankshaft speed is not stable and “floats”.

But this is not always the case, it happens that the unit behaves perfectly in all respects, but does not develop power.

Main reasons

There are a lot of reasons for this phenomenon and in most cases they are associated with a malfunction of the systems and mechanisms of the power plant.

Some of them are trifling and very easy to fix, others require quite a serious repair.

The main problem with the fact that the engine does not pull is not related to troubleshooting, but to finding it.

In some cases, it is very difficult to identify what served to reduce traction, and you have to sort out almost the entire motor.

Therefore, we will try to indicate the main reasons why the car accelerates very “sluggishly”.

Since the engines on different cars have their own design features, we will consider specific models.

Power drop on the VAZ carburetor engine

To begin with, let's take VAZ cars with a carburetor power system and an 8-valve timing - VAZ-2109, VAZ-2110, VAZ-2114, VAZ-2115.

The same power plant is installed on these cars, therefore the reasons are identical.

Let's go through those components, due to the disruption of which a drop in dynamics may occur.

In general, the main reason that the engine does not pull is a change in the processes in the combustion chambers - a mismatch in the proportions of the air-fuel mixture, the combustion process is disrupted, the filling of the cylinders and the removal of exhaust gases do not occur as required.

Supply system

Very often, a drop in thrust occurs due to the power system. Structurally, the carburetor fuel system used on cars from the VAZ-2109 to the VAZ-2115 is very simple and is almost completely mechanical, so it is not particularly difficult to identify the cause.

Power reduction can occur due to:

In addition to the elements responsible for the fuel supply, a drop in power also occurs due to the severe contamination of the air filter element.

Ignition system

This system also takes part in the combustion of the mixture, which means that a failure in its operation can affect power.

In carburetor engines VAZ-2110 and others, a decrease in thrust can occur due to:

Malfunctions of spark plugs or changes in their thermal gap;
Excessive wear of the contacts and the central electrode of the distributor;
Loss of voltage in high-voltage wires;
Violations of the ignition timing.

Violations in the power supply and ignition systems most often become the causes of a drop in power, so the check to identify the cause should begin with them.

If the operation of these systems does not raise suspicions, other components of the motor should be diagnosed.

Exhaust system, timing and crankshaft

Loss of traction can also occur due to the exhaust system, although problems with it infrequently occur on carburetor engines.

The main reason here is the reduction in throughput due to the large amount of carbon deposits in the muffler. Because of this, the exhaust gases, not having time to escape from the cylinders, "suffocate" the engine.

The reasons for the drop in thrust are also often the gas distribution mechanism and the cylinder-piston group.

Here, the power reduction is due to:

Violations of the thermal clearance of valves;
Strong soot on the valve seats, or their burning;
Occurrence of rings;
Limit wear of CPG;
Breakdown of the cylinder head gasket.

In general, problems with the timing and CPG cause a drop in power in any engine - carburetor, injection, diesel engines. Therefore, we will not mention these mechanisms further.

VAZ injection engines

In injection engines VAZ-2110, 2112, 2114, 2115, both 8-valve and with 16-valve timing, it is more difficult to identify the cause of a decrease in power due to the more complex design of the main systems.

Supply system

Any injector consists of a mechanical actuating part and an electronic control part, and both of them can have problems that will lead to a drop in power.

Let's look at the mechanical part first. Here, traction can be affected by:

Strong clogging of the mesh filter on the fuel pump;
Decreased fuel pump performance due to wear;
Pollution of the fine filter;
Fuel rail pressure regulator malfunction;
Injector clogging;
Fuel filter contamination;
Air leak in the manifold.

In general, almost every element of the executive part of the injector can be the culprit in reducing dynamics.

Approximately the same situation is in the electronic component.

The operation of the motor with an injector is controlled by an electronic unit that constantly monitors the parameters by means of sensors installed on different systems.

The number of these tracking elements is considerable and the failure of any of them leads to the fact that the ECU incorrectly evaluates the indicators on the basis of which it controls the executive part.

Because of this, the readings of the DPKV are violated, as a result, the operation of the ignition system is disrupted, which leads to a drop in traction.

In injection engines, the exhaust gas system creates this problem more often than on a carbureted car, and all because of the use.

The cells of the element have a small cross section, so they clog up quite quickly, which leads to the fact that the exhaust gases “crush” the motor.

The main reasons with the engines of other cars

So, on a Mitsubishi Lancer 9 car, most often the problem occurs with the exhaust system. This car uses a dual catalyst, which is relatively quickly clogged with soot.

Therefore, many owners of this car, when power drops, recommend paying attention to this system first of all.

But in the ZMZ-406 and 405 engines, which are equipped with GAZelle and Volga cars, the power drop often occurs due to:

Malfunctions of ignition coils;
Losses in high-voltage wires;
Non-working candles;
Sensor failures (primarily DPKV).

But do not forget about the other elements of the power supply systems, ignition, as well as the timing and CPG mentioned above.

For Ford Focus cars, in general, problems with loss of traction arise due to malfunctions of sensors, as well as elements of the power system - especially the fuel module, which includes both a gasoline pump and a filter, combined into a single design.

Approximately the same applies to such a car as the Renault Megane. In this machine, a drop in power can occur due to:

Wear of the cover of the distributor;
Faulty spark plugs and high voltage wires;
Weak throughput of the exhaust system;
Worn out fuel pump and dirty filter elements;
Damaged injector sensors.

In general, first of all, you should look for the cause in the power and ignition systems, and only then move on to the timing and CPG.

If the diesel does not pull

Traction reduction can also occur in diesel engines. If we consider old cars whose power systems are completely mechanical, then the most common cause is depressurization of the system.

As a rule, during the long-term operation of the vehicle, almost every driver sooner or later notices that the engine does not pull well. In other words, the power unit can hardly cope with the loads, there is a loss, the unit needs to be spun up to high speed to maintain the usual pace, the car accelerates worse from a stop, slowly picks up speed, etc.

At the same time, the motor in many cases runs smoothly, does not troit, no, knock or noise during operation. We note right away that there is a fairly wide list of possible reasons why a warm engine does not pull, there is a loss of engine power to cold and / or hot.

In this article, we will talk about why the engine does not pull, and also consider the most common malfunctions that manifest themselves in the form of a loss of traction in the power unit.

Read in this article

The motor does not pull: the main reasons for reducing engine power

So, if no other symptoms, except for the loss of traction, are found, then it is immediately necessary to pay attention to the quality of the fuel, the correct operation of the system, and.

As practice shows, more than half of the cases of reducing the efficiency of internal combustion engines are associated with fuel. The engine does not pull due to the fact that low-quality or unsuitable fuel for this type of engine can be poured into the tank (for example, 92nd gasoline instead of 95th).

In some cases, after refueling, there may also be problems with starting the engine, an engine appears. To solve this problem, it is enough to dilute the available fuel with better quality. Less often, it becomes necessary to completely drain the fuel from the tank, after which an additional flushing of the power system is performed.

Usually, such manipulations are necessary when, in parallel with the loss of traction, an unstable operation of the internal combustion engine is noted, and under load, the engine does not start well, on the panel, etc.

Also, owners of gasoline engines can independently determine the quality of gasoline. To check the candles need to be unscrewed from the engine. Violation of the process of combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders, as well as the presence of impurities in the fuel, can be detected by soot on spark plugs and its color.

For example, if there are many third-party metal-containing additives and additives in the fuel, then the skirt and electrodes may be covered with a reddish soot (brick color). Black soot will indicate that the fuel is not burning properly, etc. In any case, failures in the process of combustion of the working mixture lead to the fact that the engine stops pulling.

The next step in the diagnosis becomes. The decrease in the efficiency of these elements is also accompanied by a drop in the power of the power unit.

This is especially noticeable during sharp accelerations, and when the car is already moving at high speed. In other words, the motor does not have "reserve" for further acceleration.

Candles may turn out to be dirty, and it should not be ruled out that their resource has come to an end. To fix this problem, you can make or immediately replace the entire kit with a new one.

At the same time, it is important to take into account that if new candles are correctly selected for a particular engine in terms of glow number and other parameters, but still quickly become dirty, then the cause of the loss of traction is not in them. The formation of soot in this case indicates problems with mixture formation or combustion of the fuel charge in the cylinders.

If everything is in order with the candles, then it is necessary to check the condition of the fuel and air filters. In the first case, insufficient throughput can lead to the fact that the required amount of fuel is not supplied to the cylinders to prepare the so-called "power" mixture.

As a result, the engine loses power, that is, it does not pull under loads. In such a situation, it is enough to replace the indicated filter element. As for the air filter, the problem is similar to the fuel filter, however, in this case, there is a lack of air in the air-fuel mixture.

This leads to the fact that the fuel without a sufficient amount of oxygen burns incompletely. Under such conditions, the engine power naturally falls, carbon deposits form in the combustion chamber, candles become heavily contaminated, etc. To solve the problem, it also needs to be replaced.

Malfunctions of the power supply system, ignition and disturbed mixture formation

If problems with spark plugs and filters can be identified right on the road, then more serious problems associated with the power and ignition system are much more difficult to diagnose and fix on the spot. In cases where the engine does not pick up speed, and jerks and dips are noted when pressing the gas pedal, it is necessary to check and or injector.

Let's focus on the more common electronic injection. In the list of the main malfunctions of modern injection internal combustion engines, there are:

malfunctions, reduced performance or contamination of the fuel pump mesh filter;
malfunctions of injector nozzles;
problems with sensors or ECU;
malfunctions of the ignition system;
air leakage and leakage of fuel lines;

If we talk about the ignition system, in addition to candles, you should also check ignition coils, etc. As for the fuel supply, at the initial stage, the pressure in the fuel rail (rail) should be measured. In parallel, the pressure regulator in the fuel rail is also checked.

Often, on many cars, problems are associated with the fuel pump, which is located in the gas tank, as well as with the specified regulator. To measure the fuel pressure, a pressure gauge is connected to the rail, the values obtained are compared with those recommended for a particular engine. If the pressure is below normal, then both the fuel pump and the pressure regulator may be the culprit.

The task of the regulator is to dump excess fuel into the return line at a time when the pressure is above normal. If the settings are wrong or the regulator itself is leaking or faulty, then the fuel will be dumped into the return line ahead of time. To check this, air is pumped with a compressor or pump, the pressure in the rail increases. If the regulator has worked before the recommended pressure indicator, the element must be adjusted or replaced.

Other causes of reduced engine performance

The condition also has a great influence on the power of the motor. The fact is that in order to protect the environment from harmful emissions during the operation of the internal combustion engine, catalytic converters are installed in the outlet.

During operation, the filter catalyst may be destroyed, the throughput of the exhaust system is reduced. As a result, the engine is "strangled". The check is made by measuring the pressure before and after the catalyst. You can also remove the element and inspect its condition visually.

As a rule, official services offer to replace a worn element, but the price of the spare part is very high. For this reason, on many cars in the CIS, the catalyst is simply knocked out, and the control unit is “cheated” programmatically or in other available ways.

Also, when the engine power is reduced, it is necessary to check separately to exclude the possibility of a valve timing failure. Sometimes there are situations when the belt can jump one tooth, the chain stretches, etc.

In this case, the synchronous operation of the valve mechanism in relation to the cycles of the internal combustion engine may be disrupted. This leads to various failures, unstable operation of the unit and a decrease in power.

We also add that engine wear and certain malfunctions also affect engine power. As a general rule, worn-out used ICEs typically lose about 10% of their advertised power.

If the driver feels that there are more losses, then the engine needs. Low compression in the cylinders can occur as a result of wear of the cylinder walls, piston rings, or incomplete closing, etc.

One way or another, any leaks in the combustion chamber will cause the expanding gases during the combustion of the fuel to break out of the cylinder. This means that the pressure of these gases on the piston will decrease, and the internal combustion engine itself will pull poorly and work unstably.

Finally, we note that also the reason that the car lost in dynamics may not be the engine, but the transmission. In other words, the power unit develops enough power, but it is not fully transferred to the wheels.

This usually manifests itself in such a way that the engine roars, the speed is high, but the car does not move or acceleration is very slow in low gears. Often such problems are associated with clutch or slippage of the automatic transmission, as well as with wedging of the brake system. To check the brakes, it is enough to disperse the car on a flat road, then turn on the neutral gear.

If, when coasting, it is noticeable that the car immediately began to slow down, then the problem is obvious, the wheels are slightly blocked. If there are no problems with the brakes, then automatic transmission diagnostics are necessary. It is better to entrust the specified procedure to experienced specialists by delivering the car to the service.

The motor does not pull: the main reasons for reducing engine power

So, if no other symptoms, except for loss of traction, are found, then it is immediately necessary to pay attention to the quality of the fuel, the correct operation of the system, etc.

As practice shows, more than half of the cases of reducing the efficiency of internal combustion engines are associated with fuel. The engine does not pull due to the fact that low-quality or unsuitable fuel for this type of engine can be poured into the tank (for example, 92nd gasoline instead of 95th).

The next step in diagnosis is The decrease in the efficiency of these elements is also accompanied by a drop in the power of the power unit.

This is especially noticeable during sharp accelerations, and when the car is already moving at high speed. In other words, the motor does not have "reserve" for further acceleration.

Candles may turn out to be dirty, and it should not be ruled out that their resource has come to an end. To fix this problem, you can make or immediately replace the entire kit with a new one.

If everything is in order with the candles, then it is necessary to check the condition of the fuel and air filters. In the first case, insufficient throughput can lead to the fact that the required amount of fuel is not supplied to the cylinders to prepare the so-called "power" mixture.

Malfunctions of the power supply system, ignition and disturbed mixture formation

Let's focus on the more common electronic injection. In the list of the main malfunctions of modern injection internal combustion engines, there are:

malfunctions, reduced performance or contamination of the fuel pump mesh filter;
malfunctions of injector nozzles;
problems with sensors or ECU;
malfunctions of the ignition system;
air leakage and leakage of fuel lines;

If we talk about the ignition system, in addition to the candles, you should also check the ignition coils, etc. As for the fuel supply, at the initial stage, the pressure in the fuel rail (rail) should be measured. In parallel, the pressure regulator in the fuel rail is also checked.

Other causes of reduced engine performance

Also, when the engine power is reduced, it must be checked separately to exclude the possibility of a valve timing failure. Sometimes there are situations when the belt can jump one tooth, the chain stretches, etc.

We also add that engine wear and certain malfunctions also affect engine power. As a general rule, worn-out used ICEs typically lose about 10% of their advertised power.

If the driver feels that there are more losses, then the engine needs it. Low compression in the cylinders can occur as a result of wear of the cylinder walls, piston rings, or incomplete closing, etc.

Does not pull the carburetor engine VAZ

A carburetor is a mechanical device designed to mix air and gasoline, with the further supply of this mixture into the combustion chamber of the engine. Problems with a lack of engine power on a carburetor are quite common and there are a lot of reasons for them. We will try to deal with each.

Engine power system

First of all, the loss of engine power can be hidden behind the power system. As a rule, the engine does not pull due to a lack or excess of fuel. The fact is that gasoline and air are mixed in a certain ratio. And if one or another element is missing, then the motor will start to work unstably and stop developing the required power.

The ratio of air to fuel should be within 15 to 1. If the amount of gasoline exceeds the allowable parameters, then it will not burn out completely, which means it will reduce the throttle response of the engine. In addition, such a change in ratios will seriously increase fuel consumption and further lead to other engine malfunctions.

Insufficient amount of fuel and does lead to "starvation". The ignition of the air-fuel mixture will be insufficient and the piston will move slowly. All this is achieved by the correct setting of the carburetor, the exact selection of jets and many other factors.

It starts with the selection of jets. An important condition is the presence of a larger jet for air than a jet for gasoline. Then the float chamber of the carburetor is adjusted, which should only be half filled with gasoline. After that, the car engine starts and the quantity and quality of fuel are adjusted in accordance with the technical literature for this carburetor model. If, at the same time, a stable speed is reached in the range of 800-900 rpm, then the carburetor tuning was successful.

Another link in the power system is the presence of clean air and fuel filters. If the filters are too dirty, then the fuel or air will pass with great difficulty, which also violates the composition of the mixture. Thus, the filters must always be kept clean.

Check also. It is possible that it does not open completely. In this case, stop the engine and adjust the throttle position.

It is also possible that the fuel pump has stopped creating the required pressure. To do this, you need to remove it and check it. It is possible that it will have to change the drive and its diaphragm. There is another very common malfunction - increased wear of the fuel pump rod. This means that it pumps perfectly manually, and when the engine is started, it works for a short time, then it loses power and the engine stalls.

valve assembly

The gas distribution mechanism also plays an important role in maintaining engine power. If the valves, in the process of wear, have lost their tightness, then gases will break through from the combustion chamber directly into the valve mechanism. All this reduces the pressure created in the engine cylinders, so the pistons move noticeably slower.

To restore the tightness of the valves, it is necessary to grind them and properly adjust them. The essence of the adjustment is to set thermal gaps in their impact mechanism. The size of the gaps is indicated in the reference literature for the car engine.

In addition, the valve train must work in synchronization with the engine crankshaft. If the opening and closing of the valves does not correspond to the position of the piston, then the engine will not only pull badly, but may not start at all.

Ignition system

Perhaps the decisive factor. Sparking should occur only in strictly specified cycles, otherwise the motor will not only pull badly, but it can also overheat and work very, very unstable. If the adjustment of the UOZ was successful, and the engine still does not pull, and at idle it is completely unstable, then it makes sense to check the ignition system as a whole.

On a non-contact ignition system, you need to make sure that the switch is working. To do this, turn on the ignition and follow the position of the voltmeter needle: at first it should deviate to 12 Volts, and after a second it should rise even higher. If the Voltmeter is not provided by the design of your car, then replace the switch with a known-good one and check the operation of the ignition again.

First of all, pay attention to the cleanliness and tightness of the contacts in the distributor. If everything is in order, you can move on. Start the engine and pull out the high voltage wires one by one. After each wire, listen to how the motor works. If it starts to work even worse, then there is a spark in this cylinder. If the operation of the engine has not changed, then this means that you have found a faulty spark plug or high-voltage cable. Verification of this assumption can be performed by replacing the element with a known good one.

Improper use of spark plugs also affects engine performance. Most often, the difference between the candles lies in the gaps between the electrodes. The gap size must correspond to the engine, the season of operation of the car and the model of the candle.

Check the ignition distributor. It is possible that a resistor in the rotor circuit burned out in it. Another problem is the loose fit of the contact carbon. Try replacing it or the spring.
The last ignition problem is the fuzzy operation of the octane corrector. In the absence of the required vacuum, the special plate does not return to its original position. In addition, there is increased backlash in the system. Eliminate it and replace all defective parts. Check the tightness of the hose.
The last and most terrible malfunction is this. These elements are designed to reduce the friction of the piston against the walls of the engine cylinder and remove residual oil so that it does not enter the engine combustion chamber.
The failure of the rings entails a violation of the tightness of the combustion chamber, in connection with which the compression of the cylinder is seriously reduced. This can be determined by increased oil consumption and the corresponding color of the exhaust gases. In this case, only a serious engine repair will help.
Faulty exhaust system

The exhaust part of the car also plays an important role in creating the required pressure in the engine cylinders. If this pressure difference between intake and exhaust is violated, then the engine thrust can be noticeably reduced. In this case, check the contamination of the exhaust system: the pipes must be removed and inspected. Pay special attention to the intake pipe. If there are any holes in it, it will lose its tightness and become unusable.
If there are any extra holes or damage in the resonator, pipes or muffler, they must be replaced without fail.

Bad injection engine
Some of the malfunctions of the carburetor engine can be safely attributed to the malfunctions of the injection engine. This applies to the timing mechanism, filters, ignition system, exhaust and engine piston group.
Gasoline pump malfunction

The main feature of the injection engine is the presence of an electric gasoline pump. It is an electric motor that creates a vacuum and pumps the fuel system with the required amount of fuel.
Affects the stability of the engine speed. After all, if it works intermittently, then gasoline will be supplied in the appropriate amount. Most often, the electrical wiring, the fuel pump relay or the contact group of the electrical circuit is to blame. In this case, it is necessary to diagnose and repair the faulty fuel pump.
Another problem with the fuel pump is the increased contamination of its filter. Measure the pressure at the outlet and compare it with the normalized values. If the measurement result does not correspond to the reference values, then the fuel pump filter must be cleaned.
Nozzles (injectors)

A nozzle is a small solenoid valve that at a certain point in time sprays the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber of the engine. Engine power also depends on the correct operation of the injectors.
Diagnostics of their serviceability is carried out using a multimeter. To do this, it is necessary to check the resistance of the windings for an open and short circuit. If they are found to be defective, the injectors must be replaced.
Faulty sensors

Sensors are the main collector of information for the operation of the electronic control unit. In the event of a malfunction of one of the sensors, the controller, without receiving the necessary information, instantly switches the motor into emergency mode with the corresponding lamp on the engine dashboard turning on.
A defective sensor can be calculated by conducting electronic diagnostics at a service station and replaced.
Malfunction of the computer itself

The electronic control unit can also malfunction. To check its performance, it is necessary to replace it with a known good one and check the operation of the engine. The voltage supplied to the unit must be 12 volts.
Video - The engine does not pull at low speeds, the car does not go uphill

When operating a car with a gasoline or diesel engine, a situation sometimes arises when the expected increase in speed does not occur when the accelerator pedal is pressed. A serviceable power unit should immediately respond to an increase in the combustible mixture in the combustion chambers by increasing the crankshaft speed, but if this does not happen, you need to look for a malfunction. Its cause can be both fairly simple and easily fixed things, and serious breakdowns.

The main reasons for the lack of engine dynamics

A driver who constantly operates a car easily determines the deterioration in the dynamic characteristics of the motor, which manifests itself in sluggish acceleration, poor traction, and increased fuel and oil consumption. These processes are often accompanied by the appearance of a bluish or black exhaust. Most often, this is due to the following reasons:

Insufficient heating of the power unit.
Poor quality of fuel used.
Clogged air filter and malfunction of the air supply system.
Malfunctions of the gas distribution mechanism.
Malfunctions of fuel supply systems.
Sensor failure.
Ignition system malfunctions.
Weak compression in the cylinders.
Incorrect operation of the car ECU.
Specific malfunctions of engines with a turbocharger or carburetor.

Cold engine

The dynamic characteristics of the power unit will not reach its maximum until the operating temperature of the coolant rises to a value of 90 ° C. A cold engine is unable to quickly develop speed, for this the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber must be warmed up. Otherwise, the engine will stall, twitch and detonate.

Fuel quality

The use of high-quality gasoline or diesel fuel is the key to long-term engine life and obtaining maximum power performance from it. But none of the drivers is completely immune from refueling with low-quality fuel, the use of which threatens not only with a significant decrease in power performance, but also with the inability to start the engine. The regular use of low-quality gasoline is manifested in the intensive formation of carbon deposits on the cylinders, pistons, catalyst and in the exhaust manifold, as well as in increased wear of the cylinder-piston group.

Filter clogging

An excessively clogged air filter reduces the amount of air that can pass through it into the combustion chambers, causing the engine to lose power and become rough. A similar consequence causes a lack of fuel supply to the combustion chambers when the fuel pump malfunctions or it is difficult to pass it through the line or through fuel filters for various reasons.

Violation of the gas distribution mechanism

Breakdowns or incorrect adjustment of the gas distribution mechanism shifts the gas distribution phases from the optimal point, and causes a sharp decrease in engine power. This is due to the incomplete release of the cylinders from exhaust gases, or insufficient filling with air or an air-fuel mixture. Jumping the timing chain or belt by one or more teeth causes a disruption in the operation and adjustment of the mechanism that provides the required ignition timing depending on the engine speed. A significant drop in power is also observed when the timing valves are incorrectly adjusted, when they are insufficiently opened or not completely closed.

Fuel system malfunctions

In the event of a malfunction in the power supply system of a gasoline engine, a loss of power is felt in the first place. These include clogged fuel filters, interruptions in the operation of the fuel pump, fuel injectors and depressurization of the fuel line, due to which the engine feels a lack of fuel. In diesel engines, the most common malfunctions of fuel equipment are the wear of injectors and the fuel pump, depressurization of the fuel line, freezing of fuel in the fuel line and clogging of filters.

Sensor malfunctions

In modern engines, to achieve a combination of high dynamics and low fuel consumption, readings from various sensors are used that determine the position of the crankshaft, air consumption, detonation in the combustion chamber, exhaust gas composition, position of air and throttle valves, and external temperature. Data from them enters the engine ECU, and affects the mode of its operation. A malfunction of one or another sensor makes the operation of the power unit not optimal, which manifests itself in a loss of power.

Ignition system malfunctions

Most often, in the ignition system, problems that reduce engine power relate to candles, in which the gaps between the electrodes may be broken, carbon deposits have been deposited on them, or the insulator is damaged. The deterioration of the quality of the spark or its absence is often the result of a break, broken contacts or the integrity of high-voltage wires, the ignition coil and the distributor.

Piston group wear

With long-term operation of the engine, natural wear of the piston group occurs, which causes a drop in the required compression in the cylinders and the power of the power unit. Excessive wear can occur when the piston rings lie due to improper engine operation, the use of poor quality fuel and oil.

ECU malfunctions

All processes of a modern car are controlled by an electronic unit that collects sensor readings and, based on the program embedded in it, regulates the operation of the engine. The operation of the ECU can be changed by setting different modes of operation depending on the required consumption and type of fuel used, vehicle operating conditions and other characteristics. Malfunctions in the operation of the electronic unit or its incorrect setting can lead to both a loss of power and the inability to operate the engine itself.

Specific engine malfunctions

Old car models with a carburetor are still quite actively used by domestic motorists. The failure of various components of such power systems is manifested in a noticeable drop in engine power, and has the following characteristic malfunctions:

Failure of the fuel pump, causing a drop in pressure in the system.
Dirt getting into the carburetor, which clogs the jets and causes problems with the operation of the needle valve.
Incorrect adjustment of the composition of the combustible mixture.
Violations in the operation of the carburetor dampers and economizer valve.
Float not working properly.

Some models of new engines have one or more turbines that force air into the combustion chamber, thereby increasing the amount of horsepower that the power unit is capable of delivering. Breakdowns or disturbances in their work cause a sharp drop in the throttle response of the power unit.

A drop in engine power should be the reason for diagnosing a car to identify a malfunction and completely eliminate it. It’s good if the cause of the loss of dynamics turns out to be such easily eliminated causes as low-quality fuel, clogged filters or old spark plugs. But malfunctions in the operation of the gas distribution mechanism, wear of the piston group and other more serious problems require immediate repair, as they can lead to significant damage and significantly higher monetary costs.

VAZ-2114 cars, from the beginning of production, are equipped with eight-valve engines with a volume of 1.5 liters. Since 2007, they have been equipped with an eight-valve 1.6-liter engine with an environmental class Euro-4. The operation of the car, sometimes not correct, over time presents "surprises". not at full power, traction decreases. Let's try to understand the causes and methods of elimination.

The dynamics of the car, first of all, depends on the stable and stable operation of the engine. When the indicators of this characteristic decrease, this indicates that there are problems in the operation of the engine.

Engine VAZ-2114

Unstable operation of the engine is caused by the following:

The fuel filter has become dirty.
The fuel pump diaphragm is clogged.
Or do not work.
Insufficient.
On-board computer fails.
The nozzles are clogged (they need to be cleaned or).
The clutch disc has worn out.
Malfunctions in the operation of sensors that control: the position of the crankshaft,; coolant temperature; ; detonation.

These are just some of the possible reasons why an engine can pull poorly over the entire rev range.

It is worth mentioning the fuel pump, which fails. The real state of affairs is determined by detailed diagnostics.

A brief analysis of the causes and their consequences on the VAZ-2114

conclusions

Maintenance (TO), which should be carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendations, will avoid many problems. The only question is where to pass, at the “Kulibins”, or at specialized service stations equipped with the necessary equipment and apparatus. The choice is up to the owner of the vehicle. The sooner the prerequisites for the failure of a particular part are revealed, the less financial losses in the future. It should be remembered that timely maintenance increases the safe operation of the car.

Modern engines are more powerful, more fuel efficient and less polluting than those of the past. So when the behavior of your engine changes, it immediately becomes noticeable. When a car "loses power" it says something is wrong. This must be immediately clarified, as it can be the cause of an emergency on the way.

For example: Your brake pads are damaged, but you did not notice it. When driving, they can cause a wheel fire, as brake fluid is a combustible material. Or, the fuel filter is clogged with dirt. This can lead to damage to the fuel pump, which will start to work with an increased load. These are two examples of the main causes of loss of power in your car. But there may be other reasons, how to identify them, we will consider below:

Scanning trouble codes - must be done if the engine warning light on the instrument panel lights up. If not, then proceed to the next step.

So, the “check engine” caught fire, you need to perform self-diagnosis or connect the scanner to the diagnostic connector. It should be noted that the vehicle control system records an error that appears again when the engine is started a second time.

If the engine is running normally, then the existing code may itself be cleared from memory. There are times when the engine feels like something is wrong, and the light does not light up. It's just that some malfunctions cannot be detected by a computer. For example: if the intake or exhaust valves are not working correctly, the computer will not determine this, since this is a malfunction not related to the sensors.

Checking the air filter- a dirty air filter reduces the air supply to create fuel air mixture. This leads to a drop in engine power and increased fuel consumption. Also, the quality of the air filter material affects the operation of the engine. Do not chase cheapness, because a possible engine repair can be more expensive. There are many stories about how a non-original or cheap filter was installed, later it broke, and behind it the MAF sensor and rings on the pistons failed along the chain. To check your air filter, open the hood, remove the filter element from the housing and evaluate the condition. If necessary, replace it.

fuel filterR— under a certain condition, the fuel filter can supply less fuel to the system, and this, in turn, is reflected in the power. To check it, it is necessary to dismantle and drain the remaining fuel. Blow out the filter in the direction of fuel flow in the system. A clean filter blows easily. If it is difficult or impossible to blow through, throw it away without regret and remember that it can ruin your fuel pump.

Check the pressure in the fuel system and at the pressure regulator - the fuel pump is in the gas tank if you're the lucky owner of an electronic injection car, or on the engine if you still have a car with a carburetor. For many cars, deterioration in performance is associated precisely with the fuel pump. Some cars have a special connector on the fuel line to check the pressure. If you don't have it, you'll have to apply some effort to connect the pressure gauge. You can find the pressure value in the line in your engine. A special regulator is installed in your line, which relieves excess pressure in the line back to the gas tank. It may be incorrectly configured or even leak. It can be checked with an air pump, gradually increasing the pressure to passport. If, before reaching it, the regulator opens, then replace it.

Check the ignition system - what is the ignition timing. In what condition are the candles, high-voltage wires. More detailed testing instructions are in the engine. Remember the main thing, do not rely on your own experience or fragmentary knowledge. Having missed any nuance, you can spoil any element of the system. For example, ignition coils.

The sensor of the expense or pressure of air - these sensors help the ECU determine how much air the engine is using and how much fuel needs to be supplied to form the air/fuel mixture. If the sensors are faulty, then the computer may incorrectly calculate the amount of fuel, and you eat badly accordingly. But why, then, does the light bulb not light up? The computer is programmed for a short circuit or an open sensor. If the sensor does not work correctly, then the computer can only tell you that the fuel system does not have the correct mixture formation and that's it. You will have to find the source yourself. For this, there are special guides on the stages of checking components. What parameters should the sensor have, see the manual.

Checking the timing chain or belt the crankshaft and the timing shaft must rotate synchronously, for this they need these belts or chains. You just need to match all the marks that you have on the belt and gears. There are times when the belt jumps one tooth or the chain stretches. But with the proper level of service, you will be protected from this scourge.

Checking the exhaust system for blocking - modern engines are very complex and automakers are trying to make their cars less harmful to the environment. One of the components of such a system is a catalyst installed in the exhaust system. For some, it can be located directly near the engine, for others, somewhere under the body. But one thing is constant, he is. When using dirty fuel, which is sold in abundance at our gas stations, over time, the catalyst breaks down and blocks the normal flow of exhaust gases. You can check its performance either using remote thermometers (the temperature after the catalyst should be slightly higher) or by pressure before and after the catalyst. If you are deprived of such opportunities, then it remains only to remove it and look at the light. If it is clogged, then it is better to replace it, of course, but there are practically no conscious individuals who are ready to part with a large amount of money, they simply knock it out.

Check compression- To do this, you will need a compression gauge with a pressure gauge that you trust to be accurate. Over time, the rings on the pistons grind off and the compression in the cylinders drops, this has its effect on the operation of the engine and its start. However, rings are not the only cause of poor compression. If the mechanism valves Timing belts do not fit snugly into their seats, then there will also be a bad result. To identify the source of poor compression, after the first compression measurement, add a few grams of engine oil to the cylinder and measure again. If the compression has risen, then the rings are to blame. If not, valves. True, when measuring compression, your battery must be well charged, otherwise all efforts will go in vain. It is better to screw in the compression gauge instead of spark plugs, than to use a rubber seal. More convenient.

If all of the above points have passed the tests, then it remains only to check the transmission.

Transmission check- sometimes the engine develops enough power, but it doesn't actually reach the wheels. If, while driving, you hear that the engine is running hard, and at the same time you do not feel the cheerfulness of the car, then the automatic transmission may be slipping or blocking from the brake system. You can determine this by running the car, when driving on a horizontal section of the road, move the gear selector to position "D" and look at the behavior of the car. If he tries to immediately slow down, then look at the brakes. If not, then you need to think about visiting the service station and checking the machine. Previously, of course, you yourself can, at least conduct a parking test.

To perform the parking test, you will need clear space in front of you and a tachometer. It is necessary to warm up the car engine, then tighten the hand brake. Press your foot on the brake pedal and move the gear selector to position "D". Without releasing the brake pedal, press the gas pedal and watch the tachometer reading. If the speed is around 2000 (for cars with a turbine about 2200), then everything is fine. If more / less than this number, then you still have to go to the service station to check the machine. The test is done for a few seconds and then necessary engine to run at idle speed. Clear space in front of you is necessary in case you have bad brakes.

According to statistics, every car owner during a long service life of a car experiences problems with traction, depending on the reasons, the car either accelerated poorly or could not even start at all. In other words, the engine simply does not have enough power to cope with all the loads - to gain speed and speed.

Dashboard

The most interesting thing is that the motor in such situations behaves as if it were completely “healthy”. You will not hear from him any noise, or knocking, or other evidence of a malfunction. I would like to note right away that the list of possible causes of power loss is huge and it is very difficult to describe all the malfunctions. Here is a list of only the most common ones, as well as a detailed analysis of their nature and possible causes of occurrence.

The main causes of power loss

If no other problems are found along the way, as soon as the loss of traction, then first of all you should pay attention to quality. As practice says, in 51% of cases low-quality fuel is associated with the loss of power. The tank is filled with bad or inappropriate fuel for this model. It is not uncommon that modern cars, especially foreign-made ones, cannot tolerate 92 grades of gasoline. Sometimes it can be done quite simply, it is enough to dilute it with better fuel. Often, such manipulations help with unstable operation of the internal combustion engine, "" revolutions, and the like. Then along the way there is a "" on the tidy.

Owners of gasoline engines can easily check the quality by looking at the candles. If the reason lies in violations of combustion, as well as the presence of impurities, this will be displayed on the candles, soot will appear, and the color will change.

For example, when the fuel is oversaturated with third-party metal-containing components, the "skirt" and contacts will become covered with a reddish tint. The formation of black soot indicates incomplete combustion of the mixture. In any situation, with failures in the combustion processes, the engine loses power.

Also, do not forget that when checking candles, you need to remember about the service life. They are not durable, especially if they were originally of poor quality. Now an interesting fact, if after replacing the entire set of candles, “scale” forms just as quickly and the motor experiences the same problems, then the cause should be looked for in filters or cylinders.

Problems with the valve timing arise due to incorrectly installed "tags" of the belt, timing chain. Belts stretch, chains jump, after which, due to ignoring problems, the consequences can be much sadder.

Banal engine wear. Don't forget that used cars lose 10-15% of their power on average. If the power loss in your opinion is much greater, then it is reasonable to check the compression. Weak compression, and this is often less than 10 kg / m. indicates burnt-out cylinder walls, wear of rings, burnout of valves, and the like. Compression data for each model varies, but usually it is 12-14 kg / m. You can find out more about which one you have in the service book.

Causes in the transmission. Worn clutch in manual transmission or automatic transmission slip. It is better to entrust the check to experienced craftsmen, especially for automatic transmissions.