17 November 2016 KamAZ trucks are the real masters of the roads throughout the former Soviet Union. With their help, a huge and powerful country was built and developed. Everyone is familiar with these trucks - both children and adults know about them. And probably every child would dream of driving this truck. The history of KamAZ is the history of a vast country. And now let's try to tell it.
Master of the road
As already noted, KamAZ trucks have become a real symbol of almost all domestic and foreign roads. "KamAZ" is something unusual for domestic auto industry, because trucks of this brand used to be and now are serious competitors to no less powerful imported analogues By technical specifications, its reliability and functionality, on a unique design. In addition, these heavy-duty vehicles have managed to maintain a special individuality. In production, they still use only their own domestic developments(except for some models).
The Soviet Union needed modern trucks
The story about KamAZ began with the construction of the plant. In the 60s of the last century, the USSR began to actively develop - all industries embarked on the path of development. The economy grew, the construction of residential buildings for all citizens of the USSR grew rapidly. At the same time, the volume of cargo transportation increased. After the war, cars were created, but this was done very slowly, and the existing fleet was not enough. The factories tried very hard, but could not cover the deficit. And so, in 1969, the top management decides on the need to build a new automobile plant, which would create only trucks. This is where it started fascinating story"KamAZ" a.
How a giant was born
So, on March 14, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR decided on the need for work on the construction of a complex of factories where heavy vehicles would be produced. The construction site was found in Naberezhnye Chelny, in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. By the way, this city was not chosen by chance. Before choosing this small town on the Kama, experts studied more than 70 various options to house the plant. The advantages of Naberezhnye Chelny were simply obvious - the fact is that geographically the town was located almost in the very center of the vast USSR. Also in this region, one of the largest construction companies, KamGESenergostroy, worked - all this made it possible to quickly build a dam and a hydroelectric power station, the capacity of which was more than 1.5 million kW / h. Factory buildings and residential buildings for future workers of the plant were quickly built, from which the history of KamAZ would begin.
Construction started
Specialists and workers of various specialties from every corner of the USSR, representing 70 nationalities, gathered for construction work. More than 2,000 different enterprises, all the main committees of the Gossnab of the Soviet Union, various departments and ministries carried out orders for the construction of a plant for materials and necessary equipment. More than 100,000 people worked on the construction site every day. The future plant was provided at that time with the most advanced and technological equipment, not only domestic, but also foreign. Deliveries were carried out by such global corporations as Swindell-Dressler, Tata, Renault, Sandvik, Hitachi and many others. The plant was erected and born literally on bare ground - among hilly fields. To smooth out uneven terrain, the builders poured and removed millions of cubic meters of soil. The history of KamAZ continues, and on September 26, 1969, the minister automotive industry USSR Tarasov signs a decree in which the plant receives a name - Kama Automobile Plant. Appointed at the end of September CEO Kama plant- This is the Deputy Minister of the Automotive Industry L. B. Vasiliev. Also in September, the process of forming general directors in Moscow, the personnel and supply department begins. Since November, the first group of construction workers has been coming to the plant. On December 13, excavator Mikhail Noskov lifted the first bucket of soil at the construction site of the first facility - it was the base of the construction industry. This date is considered to be the official starting point for the construction of the Kama plant. The complex was supposed to occupy a vast territory of 22 km2.
Infrastructure development
Together with the construction of the complex in the USSR, they began to solve domestic and communal problems. Thanks to KamAZ, hundreds of thousands of people were able to leave the barracks and rooms in the communal apartments where they had to live. The plant gave all these people comfortable apartments, modern schools and kindergartens, universities and other educational institutions. Cultural, sports, leisure facilities, medical facilities and much more began to appear. It was thanks to the plant in the Kama region that a powerful science Center and developed a suburban agricultural area.
Birth of a legend
In the mid-60s, the number of paved roads increased significantly - this allowed designers and engineers to discover all the advantages that a truck with a cab located above the engine provides. Cabover cars have existed since the 50s - this made it possible to use the length of the car more efficiently, and visibility improved. But the economy of the USSR required not just a truck, but an economical and productive one that could work as part of road trains on roads with small axial loads. Also, the car must withstand operation in any climatic zones.
Minavtoprom specialists conducted research and decided that the car should work with loads weighing up to 8 tons. It should also be prepared for towing, have three axles, and have a cab with a diesel power unit located underneath. For every ton of weight, there were at least 8 Horse power. In 68, the ZIL plant was supposed to develop a whole range of heavy-duty diesel vehicles and tractors and prepare them for production at some new car factory. In 1969, an order was issued for the creation of new engines with a capacity of 200 hp. With. The designers started development immediately after they finished with the ZIL-133. Abroad, various samples were bought with a bonnet and cabover layout. Most of all, Soviet engineers liked the International 220. comfortable cabin, powerful diesel power unit, pneumohydraulic booster, five-speed gearbox with divider, contemporary brake system, locking the center differential is the history of the KamAZ car.
ZIL-170 - the ancestor of the modern "KamAZ"
In May 69, the first test sample appeared, the progenitor of today's KamAZ - ZIL-170. The tests were successful, and then a decision was made to build a huge plant. While the production complex was being built, work was also in full swing at the ZIL design bureau - new modern trucks. For several years, they managed to create about 50 different prototypes and their modifications. During the tests, many shortcomings and problems were identified. Then the history of the KamAZ car moves to Moscow, to the Dmitrovsky training ground, where the Lada Vesta and all the others were tested. domestic cars. After this test, some copies of the ZIL development were sent back to Yaroslavl. Tests at the site helped to identify all the shortcomings. After all the problems were solved, the assembly of the car was set up at the facilities of KamAZ. The history of the creation of the machine continued. Trucks were tested in the harsh regions of the Union, on the Tallinn-Baku highway, in the Serpukhov quarries.
First engine
In May 1974, the first engine was assembled in the experimental workshop. They managed to set up the conveyor on their own, but the technology was temporary. These motors were installed on the first 5320.
firstborn
The history of the creation of the KamAZ vehicle is victory and defeat, a lot of calculations, drawings and tests. And so, on February 16, 1976, the first truck, KamAZ 5320, rolled off the assembly lines of the plant.
Who created KamAZ? History remembers the engineers from ZIL. These are Alexander Setranov, Vsevolod Vyazmin, Georgy Fest. Designer Lev Samokhin also took an active part in the development. Naturally, this is not the whole list of those who took part in the birth of the first heavy vehicle. Most chief designer factory - Vladimir Barun.
The history of the development of KamAZ
Already in 79, the plant became a real leader among world manufacturers trucks. Production volumes were more than 100 thousand copies. And this is practically the only case when the Soviet Union overtook Western countries. Since that period, KamAZ trucks have become true leaders in cargo transportation and construction work. The range of vehicles includes dump trucks, truck tractors, flatbed trucks.
"KamAZ": history of models
In the 76-78s, the plant produced three basic models - a 5320 truck with a load capacity of 8 tons, a modification on its basis of a 5511 construction dump truck with a load capacity of 10 tons, truck tractor 5410, its carrying capacity was 20 tons. Next, a ten-ton truck 53252 with an increased wheelbase was developed. Then - a dump truck for agricultural needs and a truck tractor designed for road trains - 54112. Its carrying capacity was 33 tons. In 1981, the second stage of the plant was put into operation. They launched the production of a 6-ton version of 4310. The base model was prepared for military purposes and equipped with a winch. Also, on the basis of this model, an agricultural 43105 was created. In the early 80s, each base model was equipped with modified engines with a capacity of 220 hp. With. and 10-speed gearbox. By the mid-80s, the plant began to work more rhythmically. And in 1988, the millionth truck rolled off the assembly line. These cars were very popular, but could not compete with foreign brands, so it was decided to start developing a new generation of KamAZ trucks.
The second generation "KamAZ"
The history of the creation of such a KamAZ begins in the late 80s. The second generation was equipped with new domestic turbocharged power units. But also installed imported engines and accessories. Cabins have been significantly redesigned - they have become more comfortable. To do this, they simply raised the roofs and applied some structural improvements. On August 23, 1990, the KamAZ plant turned into Joint-Stock Company, and in 1991 a two-axle 5425MA truck tractor with an American Cummins engine of 325 hp left the assembly line. With. and a Finnish cabin from Sisu.
The history of the KamAZ automobile plant consists of victories and defeats. In the 90s, the whole country switched to market relations, and imported trucks began to appear in the country. The plant had serious difficulties with the sale, and this led to a crisis. The trouble does not come alone - in 93 there was a strong fire at the engine factory. He did great damage.
Our days
Today, the crisis is over, and the plant's products are in demand again.
Cars are used in all branches of construction and in cargo transportation. And on February 15, 2012, the two millionth KamAZ was produced at the plant. The history of the creation of a truck for transportation covers a long period of time. Hundreds of engineers and designers took part in the development. And no matter how they scolded these machines for ergonomics, but at that time they were the best and remained so for many years. Now the plant is actively cooperating with leading German engineers from Mercedes. Thus, by joint efforts, KamAZ managed to create new line main tractors and their modifications.
In the end, the designers decided, using high-silicon aluminum alloy pistons and I-section steel connecting rods from tank engine, to create a conventional V-shaped four-stroke diesel engine, which, having a 10.857-liter volume, developed 210-horsepower power at 2100 rpm.
The crankcase of the engine was cast from cast iron and closed from below with a stamped pan. Wet-type cylinder liners were installed in the block bores. From above, the sleeves were closed with individual heads.
Coolant passages were made along the entire height of the cylinders, which ensured intensive heat removal from the cylinder liners, which ensured cooling of the pistons and piston rings and lower the oil temperature. The water jackets of the block and cylinder heads communicated with each other through special holes in the mating planes, sealed with rubber rings.
The bottom of the camber block was installed camshaft, which set in motion the upper valves of the gas distribution mechanism. A crankshaft was attached under the camshaft in the main bearings.
With the engine was interlocked and new transmission, equipped with the so-called divider - an additional two-stage box gear, installed between the clutch and the main gearbox and allows you to double the number of steps in the transmission. A lockable center differential was also used.
The engine and transmission at ZiL were manufactured quite quickly, but after the adoption of the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the construction of a complex of factories for the production heavy vehicles mobiles in Naberezhnye Chelny, it was decided to transfer further development and subsequent assembly of the ZIL-170 to KamAZ. At the same time, the name of the ZIL-170 car was changed to KamAZ-5320.
At the end of 1970, the Ministry of Automotive Industry organized an exhibition of promising automotive technology, where two prototypes were demonstrated from among those prepared for durability tests. The car was represented by the chief designer of the Likhachev plant A.M. to the government delegation. Krieger. When inspecting cars, the production of which was planned at the newly built KamAZ plant, Chairman of the Council of Ministers A.N. Kosygin expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that the inscriptions “ZIL” were placed on the facings of cars: “The car will be produced in Naberezhnye Chelny. What does ZIL have to do with it? And really - what's the point? So, they just developed the entire design and technology from beginning to end ... Muscovites had to urgently re-register all of its documentation for a “foreign name” - from ZIL to KamAZ. Of course, the designers of the plant immediately received the task of creating new inscriptions.
One of the main linkers in the design of new vehicles is the head of the Design Bureau for heavy vehicles ZiL V.A. Vyazmin in those years commented on these events in the following way:
“We gave the Kama project our design groundwork - the ZIL-170 car. We considered it a great success that the work had to start not from scratch. There is a certain basis, even the most general one, there is an embryo from which a design solution should sprout. This means that the country will new truck quicker. And what brand will be fixed on its radiator grill - ZIL or KAMAZ - it's not so important anymore, in any case, our brand, the Soviet one.
Trucks "KamAZ" are the real masters of the roads throughout the former Soviet Union. With their help, a huge and powerful country was built and developed. Everyone is familiar with these trucks - both children and adults know about them. And probably every child would dream of driving this truck. The history of KamAZ is the history of a vast country. And now let's try to tell it.
Master of the road
As already noted, KamAZ trucks have become a real symbol of almost all domestic and foreign roads.
KamAZ is something unusual for the domestic auto industry, because trucks of this brand used to be serious competitors to no less powerful imported counterparts in terms of technical characteristics, their reliability and functionality, and unique design. In addition, these heavy-duty vehicles have managed to maintain a special individuality. In production, only their own domestic developments are still used (with the exception of some models).
needed modern trucks
The story about KamAZ began with the construction of the plant. In the 60s of the last century, the USSR began to actively develop - all industries embarked on the path of development. The economy grew, the construction of residential buildings for all citizens of the USSR grew rapidly. At the same time, the volume of cargo transportation increased. After the war, cars were created, but this was done very slowly, and the existing fleet was not enough. The factories tried very hard, but could not cover the deficit. And so, in 1969, the top management decides on the need to build a new automobile plant, which would create only trucks. This is where the fascinating history of KamAZ began.
How a giant was born
So, on March 14, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR decided on the need for work on the construction of a complex of factories where heavy vehicles would be produced. A site for construction was found in Naberezhnye Chelny, which, by the way, this city was not chosen by chance. Before choosing this small town on the Kama, experts studied more than 70 different options for locating the plant. The advantages of Naberezhnye Chelny were simply obvious - the fact is that geographically the town was located almost in the very center of the vast USSR. Also in this region, one of the largest construction companies, KamGESenergostroy, worked - all this made it possible to quickly build a dam and a hydroelectric power station, the capacity of which was more than 1.5 million kW / h. Factory buildings and residential buildings were quickly built for future workers of the plant, from which the history of KamAZ will begin.
Construction started
Specialists and workers of various specialties from every corner of the USSR, representing 70 nationalities, gathered for construction work. More than 2,000 different enterprises, all the main committees of the Gossnab of the Soviet Union, various departments and ministries carried out orders for the construction of a plant for materials and necessary equipment. More than 100,000 people worked on the construction site every day. The future plant was provided at that time with the most advanced and technological equipment, not only domestic, but also foreign. Deliveries were carried out by such global corporations as Swindell-Dressler, Tata, Renault, Sandvik, Hitachi and many others. The plant was erected and born literally on bare ground - among hilly fields.
To smooth out uneven terrain, the builders poured and removed millions of cubic meters of soil. The history of KamAZ continues, and on September 26, 1969, the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR Tarasov signs a decree in which the plant receives the name - Kama Automobile Plant. At the end of September, the general director of the Kama plant was appointed - this is the deputy minister of the automotive industry L. B. Vasiliev. Also in September, the process of forming general directors in Moscow, the personnel and supply department begins. Since November, the first group of construction workers has been coming to the plant. On December 13, excavator Mikhail Noskov lifted the first bucket of soil at the construction site of the first facility - it was the base of the construction industry. This date is considered to be the official starting point for the construction of the Kama plant. The complex was supposed to occupy a vast territory of 22 km 2.
Infrastructure development
Together with the construction of the complex in the USSR, they began to solve domestic and communal problems. Thanks to KamAZ, hundreds of thousands of people were able to leave the barracks and rooms in the communal apartments where they had to live. The plant gave all these people comfortable apartments, modern schools and kindergartens, universities and other educational institutions. Cultural, sports, leisure facilities, medical facilities and much more began to appear. It was thanks to the plant in the Kama region that a powerful scientific center was created and a suburban agricultural zone was developed.
Birth of a legend
In the mid-60s, the number of paved roads increased significantly - this allowed designers and engineers to discover all the advantages that a truck with a cab located above the engine provides. Cabover cars have existed since the 50s - this made it possible to use the length of the car more efficiently, and visibility improved. But the economy of the USSR required not just a truck, but an economical and productive one that could work as part of road trains on roads with small axle loads. Also, the car must withstand operation in any climatic zones.
Minavtoprom specialists conducted research and decided that the car should work with loads weighing up to 8 tons. It should also be prepared for towing, have three axles, and have a cab with a diesel power unit located underneath. For every ton of weight, there were at least 8 horsepower. In 1968, they were supposed to develop a whole range of heavy-duty diesel vehicles and tractors and prepare them for production at some new car plant. In 1969, an order was issued for the creation of new engines with a capacity of 200 hp. With. The designers started development immediately after they finished with the ZIL-133. Abroad, various samples were bought with a bonnet and cabover layout. Most of all, Soviet engineers liked the International 220. A cabover layout, a comfortable cab, a powerful diesel power unit, a pneumohydraulic booster, a five-speed gearbox with a divider, a modern brake system, and a center differential lock - this is the history of the KamAZ car.
ZIL-170 - the ancestor of the modern "KamAZ"
In May 69, the first test sample appeared, the progenitor of today's KamAZ - ZIL-170. The tests were successful, and then a decision was made to build a huge plant. While the production complex was being built, work was also in full swing at the ZIL design bureau - new modern trucks were being developed. For several years, they managed to create about 50 different prototypes and their modifications. During the tests, many shortcomings and problems were identified.
Then the history of the KamAZ car moves to Moscow, to the Dmitrovsky training ground, where the Lada Vesta and all other domestic cars were tested. After this test, some copies of the ZIL development were sent back to Yaroslavl. Tests at the site helped to identify all the shortcomings. After all the problems were solved, the assembly of the car was set up at the facilities of KamAZ. The history of the creation of the machine continued. Trucks were tested in the harsh regions of the Union, on the Tallinn-Baku highway, in the Serpukhov quarries.
First engine
In May 1974, the first engine was assembled in the experimental workshop. They managed to set up the conveyor on their own, but the technology was temporary. These motors were installed on the first 5320.
firstborn
The history of the creation of the KamAZ vehicle is victory and defeat, a lot of calculations, drawings and tests. And so, on February 16, 1976, the first truck, KamAZ 5320, rolled off the assembly lines of the plant.
Authors
Who created KamAZ? History remembers the engineers from ZIL. These are Alexander Setranov, Vsevolod Vyazmin, Georgy Fest. Designer Lev Samokhin also took an active part in the development. Naturally, this is not the whole list of those who took part in the birth of the first heavy vehicle. The most important designer of the plant is Vladimir Barun.
The history of the development of KamAZ
Already in 1979, the plant became a real leader among the world's manufacturers of trucks.
Production volumes were more than 100 thousand copies. And this is practically the only case when the Soviet Union overtook Western countries. Since that period, KamAZ trucks have become true leaders in cargo transportation and construction work. The range of vehicles includes dump trucks, truck tractors, flatbed trucks.
KamAZ: history of models
In the 76-78s, the plant produced three basic models - a 5320 truck with a load capacity of 8 tons, a modification on its basis of a 5511 construction dump truck with a load capacity of 10 tons, a 5410 truck tractor, its load capacity was 20 tons.
Next, a ten-ton truck 53252 with an increased wheelbase was developed. Then - a dump truck for agricultural needs and intended for road trains - 54112. Its carrying capacity was 33 tons. In 1981, the second stage of the plant was put into operation. They launched the production of a 6-ton version of 4310. The base model was prepared for military purposes and equipped with a winch. Also, on the basis of this model, an agricultural 43105 was created. In the early 80s, each base model was equipped with modified engines with a capacity of 220 hp. With. and 10-speed gearbox. By the mid-80s, the plant began to work more rhythmically. And in 1988, the millionth truck rolled off the assembly line. These cars were very popular, but could not compete with foreign brands, so it was decided to start developing a new generation of KamAZ trucks.
The second generation of "KamAZ"
The history of the creation of this KamAZ begins in the late 80s. The second generation was equipped with new domestic turbocharged power units. But imported engines and components were also installed. Cabins have been significantly redesigned - they have become more comfortable. To do this, they simply raised the roofs and applied some structural improvements. On August 23, 1990, the KamAZ plant turned into a joint-stock company, and in 1991, a 5425MA two-axle truck tractor with an American Cummins engine of 325 hp rolled off the assembly line. With. and a Finnish cabin from Sisu.
A crisis
The history of the KamAZ automobile plant consists of victories and defeats.
In the 90s, the whole country switched to market relations, and imported trucks began to appear in the country. The plant had serious difficulties with the sale, and this led to a crisis. The trouble does not come alone - in 93 there was a strong fire at the engine factory. He did great damage.
Our days
Today, the crisis is over, and the plant's products are in demand again.
Cars are used in all branches of construction and in cargo transportation. And on February 15, 2012, the two millionth KamAZ was produced at the plant. The history of the creation of a truck for transportation covers a long period of time. Hundreds of engineers and designers took part in the development. And no matter how they scolded these machines for ergonomics, but at that time they were the best and remained so for many years. Now the plant is actively cooperating with leading German engineers from Mercedes. Thus, by joint efforts, KamAZ managed to create a new line of mainline tractors and their modifications.
On February 16, 1976, the first KamAZ truck rolled off the assembly line of the newly built Kama Automobile Plant. On its board was written: "Our labor gift to the XXV Congress of the CPSU."
The terms of reference for the design of the experimental ZIL-170 implied the creation of 10 modifications of heavy vehicles with a 6x4 wheel arrangement for operation as part of road trains weighing up to 26.5 tons and six all-wheel drive.
Having developed the ZIL-133 family of vehicles, the launch of which into production according to different reasons postponed, KEO "ZIL" in 1967 began work on a new promising family of vehicles ZIL-170 (6x4) and ZIL-175 (4x2), similar in class ZIL-133.
As a prototype, among those purchased abroad for testing and identifying the required class of hooded and cabover counterparts, the choice of the chief designer for ZiL trucks Anatoly Mavrikievitch Krieger fell on the American "International" series 220.
International COF-220 (1962-1966).
It is possible that when choosing a sample, the fact that Krieger was already familiar with International trucks from work on the ZiS-150 also played a role.
cabover layout with a comfortable cabin; powerful diesel engine; pneumohydraulic booster in the clutch drive; 5-speed synchromesh gearbox with front splitter converting it to 10-speed; multi-circuit pneumatic brake system; lockable center differential; steering with hydraulic booster; the ability to work as part of a road train - the qualities of a new truck, which made it possible to take a revolutionary step in the production of Soviet trucks.
In the ZiL version, the cabin acquired slightly different, more rectangular shapes and an elegant front end, with such a familiar air intake grille on the right side.
ZIL-175
ZIL-170 at VDNKh, 1969.
Already in May 1969, the first prototype of the ZIL-170 car passed the first tests on the Uglich-Rybinsk section.
For a quarter of a century, the design and construction of machines have not changed much ...
But the ZIL-170 was never mass-produced at its native plant.
By the mid-60s of the last century, there was an acute shortage of trucks in the USSR, especially with a carrying capacity of more than 8 tons. Cargo turnover within the Soviet Union grew, and none of the country's existing automobile plants was ready to launch the production of such cars. Brand new trucks were required. Most machines (most truck fleet were medium-duty vehicles) have long worked out the standard terms. There is a need for technology greater load capacity, road trains for long haul bulk cargo and heavy dump trucks. The directives of the XXIV Congress of the CPSU stated: “It is required to create a complex of car factories for the production of trucks in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and related enterprises in the surrounding areas ...”
In mid-1969, the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the construction of a complex of factories for the production of heavy vehicles in Naberezhnye Chelny was adopted. City by its geographical location (proximity railway and other factors) came up as a place for a future car factory. In addition, the organization "Kamgesenergostroy" would cope both with the construction of a dam and a 1.5 million kilowatt hydroelectric power station, and with the construction of factory buildings and housing.
The construction of KamAZ turned out to be the last "All-Union shock Komsomol construction project", which was successfully completed, and much earlier than planned.
The prototype truck KamAZ-5320 (ZiL-170) with a cab with a berth in testing.
"KamAZ" of factory assembly on tests.
After construction, the documentation for the new truck, known to us as KamAZ, was transferred to the new Kama Automobile Plant.
In May 1974, the first engine was assembled at KamAZ in the experimental department of the chief designer, and assembly line production on your own, but still using temporary technology, began in December 1975. The first 5 KamAZ-5320 trucks left the main assembly line, who was still only in the commissioning mode, on February 16, 1976. According to the tradition of those years, trucks from the first batch were decorated with the slogan "Our labor gift to the XXV Congress of the CPSU."
KAMAZ-5320 No. 1.
While the KamAZ team continued to assemble cars on the main conveyor in the adjustment mode from parts obtained in the process of commissioning of technological equipment, the government approved the general scheme for managing the automotive industry. According to this scheme, the Kama Automobile Plant received the status production association and began to report directly to the USSR Minavtoprom, bypassing all the central offices. On December 29, 1976, the State Commission headed by the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR V.N. Polyakov signed an act on the commissioning of the first stage of the Kama complex of factories for the production of heavy trucks. By the end of 1976, 5,000 vehicles were produced, including the KamAZ-5320, its modifications and the KamAZ-5410 truck tractor. The production of the chassis for the KamAZ-5511 dump truck began in 1977. All these models had a similar design and were largely unified.
Model range KamAZ:
large-capacity 5410, 5411, 5415, 5425, 5320, 5321, 5360, 5510, 5511, 4310, 4311, 6511
bonneted 4355
medium-tonnage 4911, 4925
There are foreign production capacity in the following countries:
- Kazakhstan.
- India.
- Azerbaijan.
- Ukraine.
- Ethiopia.
- Vietnam.
- Pakistan (since November 19, 2006).
- Iran.
- DPRK.
- Poland.
This is how the "people's" KamAZ appeared.
P.S. For some reason, there is no mention of the ZIL-170 on the official websites of KamAZ:
http://kamaz.net/ru/company/history/
http://www.kamaz-rba.ru/company
http://www.ackamaz.ru/about/
Full official name - Public Joint Stock Company "KAMAZ" .
Story
In parallel, the construction of the New City of Naberezhnye Chelny was going on. The first 12-story residential building for the pioneers of KamAZ was commissioned in 1971. The city was built with a population of 350,000 people, with a little less than 30,000 people. This meant conducting a kind of large-scale social experiment - comfortable housing, medical and educational institutions, sports facilities and cultural institutions, as well as adjacent infrastructure were built at a grandiose pace. Up to 40 thousand people annually replenished the city in the late 1970s - 1980s. Begishevo airport was built not far from the city (1970-1971), construction of the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station continued (1963-1979). Design and launch of productionThe technical design of KamAZ was developed by the Giproavtoprom Institute and the KamAZ Project Department together with leading enterprises and organizations of the USSR: the Promstroyproekt Institute of the USSR State Construction Committee and Giprodvigatel (Yaroslavl). Also, foreign firms were involved in the design of individual production facilities: Swindell - Dressler (Pittsburgh, USA) - technological and special parts of the foundry, Renault (France) - engine plant project, Liebherr (, Germany) - production of switching boxes gear . The design of the first generation of cars and engines KamAZ-5320 is based on the promising family of cars ZIL-170 (6x4) and ZIL-175 (4x2) developed by the Moscow Automobile Plant. I. A. Likhachev and the Yaroslavl Motor Plant 1967-1969. The American International COF-220 (1962-1966) was chosen as the prototype for the ZIL-170. This could be due to the fact that Anatoly Mavrikievich Krieger, the chief designer for ZIL trucks, was well acquainted with the vehicles of the International Harvester company while working on the ZIS-150. In the ZIL version, the cabin of the International COF-220 acquired slightly different, more rectangular shapes and a different front end. For KAMAZ vehicles, the cabin was redesigned again. Trucks are equipped with two types of gearboxes, some transmissions have five gear shifts, while others have ten. These models are called 14 and 15. Ten-speed gearboxes are equipped with cars belonging to the category of road trains. In 1974, the first engine was assembled in the experimental workshop. A year later, assembly began using temporary technology power units. Car productionThe first KamAZ car rolled off the main assembly line on February 16, 1976 - onboard KamAZ-5320. This car has been preserved, it has been handed over to consumers, for a long time worked in the BASSR, was later bought out by the museum of the plant and restored, left as museum exhibit. On December 29, the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR V.N. Polyakov approved the act on the commissioning of the first stage of the Kama complex of plants for the production of heavy trucks, previously signed by the state commission. The plan approved for the year (15,000 cars) was completed ahead of schedule - in October 1977 (on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Great October Revolution), and overfulfilled in a year by almost a third (22,000). Already in June 1979, the 100,000th truck leaves the main assembly line. The growth of production at KamAZ is breaking world records and is unprecedented for the USSR. In February 1981, the capacities of the second stage of KamAZ were put into operation. In the tenth year of production (in 1987), a production line was established small cars"Oka". The first car (VAZ-1111 "Oka") was produced already on December 21 (in 1994, a whole plant for the production of small cars "Oka" will be launched). In 1988, a financial and economic study of the enterprise was carried out. According to experts, from the beginning of the production of KamAZ vehicles, the Soviet Union received about 8 billion rubles from their operation alone. transport profit. This means that in the first ten years of operation, KamAZ fully justified all the capital investments associated with its construction. Making up one third of the country's truck fleet, KamAZ trucks transported up to two thirds of all goods transported by road. ShareholdingOn June 25, 1990, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution, according to which one of the first joint-stock companies of the RSFSR and the Soviet Union, JSC KamAZ, was created on the basis of KamAZ plants. According to the decree, 51% of the shares were to remain in the all-union property, the rest were supposed to be sold. On September 5, 1991, the sale of shares to the labor collective began. On September 10, a competition was held for legal entities, as a result of which 230 enterprises and organizations became shareholders of KamAZ. 1993 fireOn April 14, 1993, a fire broke out at the KamAZ Engine Plant. It covered the entire enterprise, destroying the main production building and the most complex technological equipment. The engine plant was completely destroyed. Damage automotive production Russia was huge. Only with the support of the government of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation, the enterprise managed to gradually restore the production capacity of 100 thousand engines per year, as well as put into operation the latest technological equipment for the production of power units. In December 1993, the engine plant started producing again. 1990sIn the 1990s, due to a general decline in production in Russia and financial difficulties, an unfavorable economic situation developed at KamAZ plants. Huge capacities were actually idle, which is why, first of all, the population of the city suffered, since KamAZ has always been a city-forming enterprise. By the end of the 1990s, through the efforts of the company's management, with the support of the governments of Russia and Tatarstan, it was possible to convert the debt of the association in the amount of 1 billion US dollars into the company's shares, restore production after a fire at the engine plant, master the production of new truck models and break even. On August 30, 1999, the 1,600,000th heavy truck rolled off the KamAZ conveyor. The engine plant produced by that time 2 million diesel engines. 2000sIn 2001, KamAZ made a profit of 57 million rubles for the first time in seven years. In 2005, a controlling stake in OAO ZMA (a small car plant that produced Oka cars) was sold to the Severstal-Avto group. In 2005, KamAZ-Engineering JSC was established - a joint Kazakh-Russian enterprise for the assembly of KamAZ vehicles for the domestic market of Kazakhstan. During the first days of its existence, the first dump truck and a shift bus were released from the assembly line. In 2006, the KamAZ-master team won off-road rally"Dakar" for the seventh time (fifth time in a row). For improving the quality of production of KamAZ OJSC (new engines comply with international environmental standards"Euro-3") - the only one of the representatives of the machine-building area, received in 2006 the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of quality. In 2007, KamAZ produced 52,650 trucks, 63,200 engines and power units - this was a record for the years following the fire. The 1.8 millionth car rolled off the assembly line (since the start of production 30 years ago). Despite an insufficient amount, but, given the complication of production technology and the transition to new standards, it was announced that the level of loading of car production in the Soviet era had been reached. In the same year on foreign markets A record number of KamAZ vehicles was sold in the history of export - 13,444 units. By decree of the President of Russia, the General Director of KamAZ OJSC S. A. Kogogin was awarded the Order of Friendship. In 2008, the machine-building educational cluster "KAMAZ-KSTU" (KAI) was created - a joint project of OJSC "KAMAZ" and KSTU. A. N. Tupolev, aimed at training technical personnel for KamAZ. In the same year, the territory of the first-born of KamAZ, the repair and tool plant, was occupied by the assembly production of Mercedes trucks (Daimler AG). 2010sIn 2010, the plant began producing agricultural and road construction equipment under the CNH trademark ( Case New Holland, owned by FIAT Group, is one of the world's leading manufacturers of agricultural and construction equipment). According to the agreement between OJSC KamAZ and CNH, formed joint venture CNH-KAMAZ Industry (CNH-KAMAZ Industrial BV) is to produce up to 4,000 vehicles per year, including a family of combines with 300 hp engines. s., two types of tractors with engines of 300-535 hp. With. And construction equipment. After a significant reduction in production volumes in 2009-2010, caused by the financial crisis of 2008, the plant began to increase the pace of production. In 2011, more than 45 thousand trucks were sold, which is 40% more than in 2010. In September 2011, KamAZ OJSC and Marcopolo S.A. signed an agreement to establish a joint venture for the production and sale of Marcopolo buses. In November 2011, KamAZ OJSC confirmed the Five Stars level in the competition of the European Foundation for Quality Management according to the EFQM model "Recognized Excellence". On February 15, 2012, the 2 millionth truck rolled off the KamAZ assembly line. The anniversary car was a model from a heavy family trucks increased load capacity - KAMAZ-6522. In June 2012, Daimler Trucks and OJSC KamAZ signed license agreement aimed at strengthening cooperation in the production of cabins. Under this agreement, Mercedes-Benz will provide KamAZ with the technology for the production of Axor cabs for medium-heavy trucks, which Russian company will install on their new generation cars. In 2012, on the territory of the Repair and Tool Plant, the dismantling of buildings for the production of repair castings (PRL) began. March 2013 - KamAZ OJSC and Palfinger AG concern signed a Cooperation Agreement. October 16, 2013 at car factory KamAZ assembled the ten thousandth bus chassis. On October 30, 2013, at a meeting of the Board of Directors of OJSC KamAZ, it was announced that KamAZ was completing past agreements on a deal with CNH Global NV as part of a strategy to get rid of non-core assets. Serial production began in December 2013 main tractor KamAZ-5490 - the flagship of the new model range KamAZ. On August 19, 2014, KamAZ signed Agreements with Palfinger AG (Austria) on the establishment of two joint ventures: a new production of hydraulic and telescopic cylinders and an assembly center. In October 2014, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development withdrew from the shareholders. In 2015, KamAZ launched mass production two new truck models - the KamAZ-65206 truck tractor and the KamAZ-65207 flatbed truck, and also presented electric buses developed in cooperation with the Russian engineering company Drive Electro. On April 22, 2015, the grand opening of a building for the production of KamAZ vehicles and bus chassis with gas engines took place at KamAZ. In June 2015, KamAZ began the first test trials of an unmanned aerial vehicle developed jointly with VIST Group OJSC and Cognitive Technologies. On June 26, 2015, in accordance with the decision of the General Meeting of Shareholders of the company, KamAZ Open Joint Stock Company was renamed into KamAZ Public Joint Stock Company. In September 2015, KamAZ presented the concept of the revolutionary KamAZ-2020 cab at the Komtrans-2015 exhibition. In the same month, KamAZ PJSC and HAWTAI Motor Group Co signed a framework agreement on the establishment of a joint venture for the production and sales of KamAZ trucks in China and cars HAWTAI in Russia. In 2016, KamAZ began construction of a cab frame plant for trucks of the K5 generation in cooperation with by Daimler. As the general director of the auto giant Sergey Kogogin said, this is the first such major project since the construction of the KamAZ itself. On May 15, 2018, on the day of the opening of the Kerch bridge, the car of the plant was at the head of the first column that passed through the structure. The president was driving Russian Federation V. V. Putin. On February 8, 2019, it was summed up that sales of Kamaz trucks in Russia decreased in 2018 by 1.4% compared to 2017 and amounted to 32.68 thousand units, follows from the manufacturer's report for the fourth quarter. Owners and managementThe authorized capital of PJSC KamAZ is 35.36 billion rubles. All shares of KAMAZ PJSC are registered ordinary shares with a par value of 50 (fifty) rubles each. List of shareholders owning over 5% of ordinary shares of KamAZ PJSC as of November 13, 2018. : List of members of the Board of Directors of PJSC KamAZ elected at the annual General Meeting of Shareholders on June 26, 2015:
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