A huge number of models and designs modern cars can be subdivided into certain types (or classes). Most general classification Vehicle(TC) is related to their purpose. This classification is given in International Standard ISO 3833.
Types of road vehicles:
a - a car;
b - truck;
in - bus;
g - motorcycle;
d - trailer;
e - semi-trailer
The entire fleet of road vehicles is divided into mechanical vehicles(Vehicle with engine) and towed vehicles(trailers and semi-trailers). A mechanical vehicle towing a trailer or semi-trailer is called by road train. According to their purpose, vehicles are divided into:
- cars
(a) - power-driven vehicles intended primarily for the transport of people and their luggage, which accommodate no more than nine seats, including the driver's seat;
- trucks
(b) - mechanical vehicles intended primarily for the carriage of goods or special equipment;
- buses and trolleybuses(c) - power-driven vehicles intended for the carriage of people and their luggage, which accommodate more than nine seats, including the driver's seat;
- motor vehicles(d) - mechanical vehicles with two, three, sometimes four wheels (quadricycles), the curb weight of which does not exceed 400 kg and intended for the transport of people;
- trailers(e) - vehicles towed by a tractor, intended for the carriage of goods or passengers, in which only an insignificant part of their weight loads the towing vehicle;
- semi-trailers(f) - Vehicles towed by a tractor, intended for the carriage of goods or passengers, in which a significant part of their weight loads the towing vehicle. As a towing vehicle this case applied special car designed exclusively for towing a semi-trailer - truck tractor
.
For each of the major vehicle types listed, there are more than detailed classification on various grounds. So, cars can be divided according to their purpose (individual use, taxi, emergency services, sports, etc.); by engine displacement; by overall dimensions; by body type (see chapter Body).
Buses subdivided according to the gross weight (up to or more than 5 tons), according to the number of seats (up to 17 seats, including the driver, - small buses); by destination (urban, suburban, intercity). A separate group is formed by trolleybuses - passenger vehicles driven by electricity supplied by wires.
Trucks:
a - universal;
b - specialized;
c - special
Trucks, trailers and semi-trailers by appointment can be universal (usually as cargo body an open onboard platform is used, sometimes with a removable awning), specialized (the body is adapted for the carriage of certain types of cargo or there are self-loading-self-unloading devices), special (a special technological equipment). There is a class of trucks designed exclusively for towing trailers: truck tractors for semi-trailers, ballast tractors for heavy trailers.
Advantages and disadvantages of different layouts
From the standpoint of the influence of the design of the vehicle on its properties, the layout of the car is important - the relative position of the main systems of the car (engine, transmission, propulsion, control systems, carrier system, body).
For passenger cars, in most cases, a body is used that performs the functions of a carrier system ( load-bearing body), which reduces weight and provides sufficient freedom for the location of other vehicle systems.
Car layouts
Bus layouts
Truck layouts
Table.
Classification of road vehicles adopted in UNECE Regulations
| Category designation | Subcategory designation | Vehicle type | Full mass, T | Engine displacement, cm 3 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | L1, L2 | Not regulated | Up to 50 | Mopeds | |
| L3–L5 | Vehicles with an engine, two- and three-wheeled | Not regulated | Is not limited | Motorcycles, scooters | |
| M | M1 | Motorized vehicles with at least 4 wheels and designed to carry no more than 8 passengers (except the driver) | Not regulated | Is not limited | Cars |
| M2 | The same with more than 8 seats (except for the driver's seat) | up to 5.0 | -“- | Buses | |
| M3 | -“- | Over 5.0 | -“- | Buses, including articulated | |
| N | N1 | Motorized vehicles with at least 4 wheels and intended for the carriage of goods | Up to 3.5 | Is not limited | Trucks, special vehicles |
| N2 | -“- | Over 3.5 to 12.0 | -“- | Trucks, tractors, special vehicles | |
| N3 | -“- | Over 12.0 | -“- | -“- | |
| O | O1 | Vehicle without engine | Up to 0.75 | -“- | Trailers and semi-trailers |
| O2 | -“- | Over 0.75 to 3.5 | -“- | -“- | |
| O3 | -“- | Over 3.5 to 10.0 | -“- | -“- | |
| O4 | -“- | Over 10.0 | -“- | -“- |
is the distribution different cars into groups, classes and categories. Depending on the type of construction, the parameters of the power unit, the purpose or features that certain vehicles have, the classification provides for several such categories.
Classification by purpose
Vehicles differ in their purpose. It is possible to distinguish passenger and cargo vehicles, as well as vehicles special purpose.
If with passenger and truck everything is very clear, special transport not intended for the transport of people and goods. Such vehicles transport the equipment that is attached to them. So, such means include fire trucks, aerial platforms, truck cranes, mobile shops and other cars that are equipped with one or another equipment.
If a passenger car can accommodate up to 8 people without a driver, then it is classified as a passenger car. If the capacity of the vehicle is more than 8 people, then this type of vehicle is a bus.
The transporter can serve for general purpose or for transportation special cargo. General purpose cars have in their design a body with sides without a tipping device. Also they can be completed with an awning and arches for installation.
Special purpose trucks have in their design various technical capabilities for the transport of certain goods. For example, the panel carrier is optimized for easy transport of panels and building boards. The dump truck is used mainly for bulk cargo. The fuel truck is designed for light oil products.
Trailers, semi-trailers, drop trailers
Any vehicle can be used with additional equipment. These can be trailers, semi-trailers or dissolutions.
A trailer is one of the types of vehicles used without a driver. Its movement is carried out by means of a car with the help of towing.
A semi-trailer is a towed vehicle without the participation of a driver. Part of its mass is given to the towing vehicle.
The trailer dissolution is intended for transportation of long loads. The design provides for a drawbar, the length of which may change during operation.
The towing vehicle is called a tractor. This car comes with special device, which allows you to couple the car and any of the trailers. In another way, this design is called a saddle, and the tractor is called a truck tractor. However, the truck tractor is in a separate category of vehicles.
Indexing and types
Previously, in the USSR, each vehicle model had its own index. It denoted the factory where the car was produced.
In 1966, the so-called industry standard OH 025270-66 "Classification and designation system for automobile rolling stock, as well as its units and components" was adopted. This document not only allowed to classify the types of vehicles. Based on this provision, trailers and other equipment also began to be classified.
Under this system, all vehicles, the classification of which was described in this document, had four, five or six digits in their index. According to them, it was possible to determine the categories of vehicles.
Deciphering digital indices
By the second digit it was possible to find out the type of vehicle. 1 - passenger vehicle, 2 - bus, 3 - general purpose truck, 4 - truck tractor, 5 - dump truck, 6 - tanker, 7 - van, 9 - special purpose vehicle. 
As for the first digit, it denoted the vehicle class. For example, passenger vehicles, the classification of which was carried out by engine size. Trucks divided into classes by weight. Buses differed in length.
Classification of passenger vehicles
According to the industry standard, passenger wheeled vehicles were classified as follows.
- 1 - an especially small class, the engine size was up to 1.2 liters;
- 2 - small class, volume from 1.3 to 1.8 l;
- 3 - middle-class cars, engine size from 1.9 to 3.5 liters;
- 4 – big class with a volume above 3.5 l;
- 5 – top class passenger vehicles.
Today, the industry standard is no longer required, and many factories do not adhere to it. However domestic producers autos still use this indexing.
Sometimes you can find vehicles whose classification does not fit the first digit in the model. This means that the index was assigned to the model at the development stage, and then something changed in the design, but the number remained.
Foreign-made cars and their classification system
Indexes of foreign cars that were imported into the territory of our country were not included in the list of vehicles according to the accepted normal. Therefore, in 1992, the Motor Vehicle Certification System was introduced, and since October 1, 1998, its modified version has been in force. 
For all types of vehicles that came into circulation in our country, it was necessary to draw up a special document called “Vehicle Type Approval”. It followed from the document that each vehicle should have its own separate brand.
To simplify the procedure for passing certification in the Russian Federation, the so-called International Classification System is used. In accordance with it, any road vehicle can be attributed to one of the groups - L, M, N, O. There are no other designations.
Categories of vehicles according to the international system
Group L includes any vehicle with less than four wheels, as well as ATVs:
- The L1 is a moped or vehicle with two wheels that can reach a top speed of 50 km/h. If the design of the vehicle has an internal combustion engine, then its volume should not exceed 50 cm³. If as power unit used Electrical engine, then the rated power should be less than 4 kW;
- L2 - a three-wheeled moped, as well as any vehicle with three wheels, the speed of which does not exceed 50 km / h, and the engine capacity is 50 cm³;
- L3 - a motorcycle with a volume of more than 50 cm³. Its maximum speed is higher than 50 km/h;
- L4 - a motorcycle equipped with a sidecar for carrying a passenger;
- L5 - tricycles, the speed of which exceeds 50 km / h;
- The L6 is a lightweight quad. The curb weight of the vehicle must not exceed 350 kg; Max speed no more than 50 km/h;
- L7 is a full-fledged ATV with a mass of up to 400 kg.
- M1 is a vehicle for the carriage of passengers with no more than 8 seats;
- M2 - vehicles with more than eight passenger seats;
- M3 - vehicles with more than 8 seats and weighing up to 5 tons;
- M4 - a vehicle with more than eight seats and a weight of more than 5 tons.
- N1 - trucks weighing up to 3.5 tons;
- N2 - vehicles with a mass of 3.5 to 12 tons;
- N3 - vehicles with a mass of more than 12 tons.
Vehicle classification according to the European Convention
In 1968, the Austrian Convention on road traffic. The classification provided in this document is used to designate different categories of transport.
Types of vehicles under the Convention
It includes several categories:
- A - these are motorcycles and other two-wheeled motorized vehicles;
- B - cars with a mass of up to 3500 kg and no more than eight seats;
- C - all vehicles, except for those that belong to category D. The mass must be more than 3500 kg;
- D - passenger transport with more than 8 seats;
- E - freight transport, tractors.
Category E allows drivers to drive road trains that consist of a tractor. Also here you can include any vehicles of classification B, C, D. These vehicles can work as part of a road train. This category is assigned to drivers along with other categories, and it is put on the vehicle certificate when registering a car.
Unofficial European classification
In addition to the official classification, there is also an unofficial one, which is used quite widely. It is quite popular among vehicle owners. Here you can distinguish categories depending on the design of vehicles: A, B, C, D, E, F. Basically, this classification is used in reviews by automotive journalists for comparison and evaluation.
Class A contains small-capacity vehicles of low cost. F are the most expensive, very powerful and prestigious car brands. In between are classes of other kinds of machines. There are no clear boundaries here. This is a wide variety of cars.
With the development of the auto industry, new cars are constantly being produced, which subsequently occupy their niches. With new developments, the classification is constantly expanding. It often happens that various models can occupy the boundaries of several classes, thereby forming a new class.
A striking example of such a phenomenon is parquet SUV. It is designed for paved roads.
VIN codes
In fact, this is a unique vehicle number. In such a code, all information about the origin, manufacturer and technical specifications one model or another. Numbers can be found on many one-piece units and assemblies of machines. They are mainly found on the body, chassis elements or special nameplates.
Those who developed and implemented these numbers introduced the most simple and reliable method, which greatly facilitates the process of classifying cars. This number allows you to at least slightly protect cars from theft.
The code itself is not a jumble of letters and numbers. Each sign carries certain information. The cipher suite is not very large, each code has 17 characters. Basically, these are letters of the Latin alphabet and numbers. This cipher provides a position for a special check number, which is calculated from the code itself.
The process of calculating the control number is a fairly powerful means of protecting against broken numbers. Destroying numbers is not difficult. But to make such a number so that it falls under the control number is already a separate and rather difficult task.
In conclusion, I would like to add that all self-respecting automakers use general rules to calculate the check digit. However, manufacturers from Russia, Japan and Korea do not adhere to such protection methods. By the way, this code is easy to find original spare parts to one model or another.
So, we found out what types of vehicles are, and examined their detailed classification.
There are two selects: brand and model and switch: foreign or domestic auto. When you select a switch value, a list of car brands is loaded, when a brand is selected, a list of models is loaded, and when you select a model, you can enter an additional year of manufacture and / or download some information about this car.
|
Foreign vehicle Domestic TS | ||
| Brand TS | Выберите марку ACURA ADMIRAL (TIANYE) ALFA ROMEO ASTON MARTIN AUDI BAW BENTLEY BMW BRILLIANCE BUICK BYD CADILLAC CHANG FENG CHANGAN CHERY CHEVROLET CHRYSLER CITROEN DADI DAEWOO DAYHATSU DERWAYS DODGE FAW FERRARI FIAT FORD FOTON GEELY GMC GREAT WALL HAFEI HONDA HUMMER HYUNDAI INFINITI IRAN KHODRO ISUZU JAGUAR JEEP KIA LAMBORGHINI LANCIA LAND ROVER LANDWIND LEXUS LIFAN LINCOLN LOTUS MASERATI MAXUS MAYBACH MAZDA MERCEDES MG MINI MITSUBISHI NISSAN OPEL PEUGEOT PORSCHE RENAULT ROLLS-ROYCE ROVER SAAB SEAT SHUANGHUAN CEO SKODA SMART SSANG YONG SUBARU SUZUKI TIANMA TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO XIN KAI Автобусы (ТС категории D) и trucks of permitted max. cargo vans(Gross weight up to 3.5 tons) Other vehicles up to 350,000 rubles. Other vehicles over 350,000 rubles. Trailers, semi-trailers | |
| Vehicle model | Choose a model | |
| Year of release of the vehicle | Select value 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 | |
Example source code:
/* Selecting the make, model, year of manufacture of the car using Ajax technology Taken from http://website/ajax/example/automarka.php You are allowed to use it in any of your developments. Placing code in the public domain is only allowed with an active link to the source. */ require_once($_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]."/config.php"); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pb_marka (id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, `name` char(64) collate cp1251_bin NOT NULL, product tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET= cp1251 COLLATE=cp1251_bin; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS pb_model (id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, marka int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `name` char(64) collate cp1251_bin NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET= cp1251 COLLATE=cp1251_bin; if(isset($_GET["product"]))( $product=$_SESSION["product"]=intval($_GET["product"]); // 1-import echo " "; $res = sql("SELECT * FROM ".db_prefix."marka WHERE product=".$product." ORDER by name"); while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)) echo " \n"; exit; ) elseif(isset($_GET["marka"]))( $marka=$_SESSION["marka"]=intval($_GET["marka"]); $res = sql("SELECT * FROM ".db_prefix."model WHERE marka=".$marka." ORDER by name"); /* todo if(DB::num_rows($res)>1) */ echo " "; while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)) echo " \n"; exit; )elseif(isset($_GET["model"]))( $id_model=intval(param("model")); $res = sql("SELECT * FROM ".db_prefix."model WHERE id=".$id_model." LIMIT 1"); if(!($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)))die; $model=$row["name"]; $id_marka=intval($row["marka "]); $res = sql("SELECT * FROM ".db_prefix."marka WHERE id=".$id_marka." LIMIT 1"); if(!($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)))die; $ marka=$row["name"]; $product=intval($row["product"]); echo "brand= ".$marka."
model= ".$model."
| Vehicle manufacturer (TC) |
?product="+this.value, "","",""); "> Foreign vehicle ?product="+this.value, "","",""); "> Domestic TS | |
| Brand TS | ||
| Vehicle model | ||
| Year of release of the vehicle | ||
config.php
// specify parameters for connecting to MySQL $host="localhost"; // hostname $database="baza"; // database name $user="admin"; // username you specified $pswd="pasw"; // the password you set // connect to MySQL $dbh = mysqli_connect($host, $user, $pswd) or die("Can't connect to MySQL."); mysqli_select_db($dbh,$database) or die("Can't connect to database."); define("db_prefix","pb_"); function sql($query) ( global $dbh; $res=mysqli_query ($dbh, $query); if(!$res)die("Query:\n".$query."\n"); return $res ; )
For only 400 rubles you will receive complete code example and a filled database in MySQL format.
- Usage Agreement:
- You can use the resulting code and database in any of your developments, you are not required to provide a link to the source.
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The tax code provides for differentiated rates transport tax including trucks and cars. However, the problem lies in the fact that the vehicle passport does not always make it possible to unambiguously judge the type of vehicle in order to calculate the transport tax.
Paragraph 1 of Art. 361 of the Tax Code provides that transport tax rates are set by the laws of the subjects Russian Federation in the dimensions specified in this standard. In turn, according to the corresponding table, various rates are determined, including for:
- passenger cars;
- motorcycles and scooters;
- buses;
- trucks;
- other self-propelled vehicles, machines and mechanisms on pneumatic and caterpillar tracks.
But at the same time, the Tax Code does not explain the question of what criteria a vehicle should be assigned to a particular type.
As specialists of the Ministry of Finance and the Federal Tax Service explain, in this case one should be based on information provided by the authorities that register the vehicle (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 22, 2007 N 03-05-06-04 / 42, Federal Tax Service of Russia dated July 6, 2007 No. 18-0-09/0204). And above all, in this sense, which body registered the vehicle.
So, according to the procedure for registering a vehicle, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 12, 1994 N 938, there may be two options. In accordance with paragraph 2 this document all vehicles related to motor vehicles with a maximum design speed of more than 50 km / h, intended for movement on highways common use are registered with the traffic police. In turn, all others self-propelled machines, including motor vehicles with a maximum design speed of 50 km / h or less - in Gostekhnadzor. Therefore, if the taxpayer's vehicle is registered in the latter, then the transport tax rate should be unambiguously determined as for a self-propelled vehicle.
If the taxpayer applied to the traffic police for the corresponding service, then it is still necessary to figure out what kind of motor transport in question.
Name (type of vehicle)
According to paragraph 16 methodological recommendations on the application of chapter 28 of the Tax Code, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Taxes of Russia dated April 9, 2003 N BG-3-21 / 177, when determining the types of motor vehicles, one must be guided by:
- All-Russian classifier of fixed assets (OKOF), approved by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia of December 26, 1994 N 359;
- Convention on road traffic (Vienna, November 8, 1968), ratified by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 29, 1974 N 5938-VIII (hereinafter referred to as the Convention).
However, the representatives of the Ministry of Finance of Russia themselves, who at one time also referred to the OKOF (Letter of the department of December 28, 2004 N 03-06-04-04 / 16), still in the Letter of November 22, 2005 N 03-06-04- 02/15 indicated that the Classifier is not suitable for these purposes. First, he is not normative document and does not contain criteria sufficient to classify the vehicles listed in it to the categories provided for by the Tax Code. Secondly, it is permissible to apply it only to the extent that it does not contradict the Convention on Road Traffic. Similarly, the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation in Resolution No. 2965/07 of July 17, 2007 concluded that the OKOF is intended for the purposes of accounting and statistics of fixed assets and cannot be used when calculating transport tax.
Note! The Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, in Resolution N 5336/07 of September 18, 2007, indicated that if a vehicle is registered with the traffic police as a car, then regardless of the purpose for which it is intended and what equipment is placed on it, a self-propelled vehicle for the purpose of calculating transport tax, it cannot be recognized. This position is also supported by federal arbitration courts (Resolutions of the FAS of the Volga District of February 8, 2012 in case N A55-13540 / 2011, FAS of the West Siberian District of July 27, 2011 in case N A81-5964 / 2010, FAS Central District dated November 23, 2007 N A48-1328 / 06-08).
In the situation under consideration, according to the financiers, it is also necessary to refer to the information provided by the authorities that register the vehicle, or rather to the data reflected in the vehicle passport (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 13, 2012 N 03-05-06- 04/137). It is the PTS that is a document valid on the territory of the Russian Federation for accounting and admission to the operation of means of transport registered with the traffic police (Regulations on vehicle passports, approved by Orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia N 496, the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia N 192, the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia N 134 dated June 23, 2005 d., hereinafter referred to as the Regulation).
So, in line 3 of the TCP "Name (type of vehicle)" the characteristic of the vehicle must be indicated, determined by its design features, purpose and given in the type approval of the vehicle, for example: "Passenger", "Bus", "Cargo - dump truck, van, cement truck, crane", etc. According to officials, it is necessary to be guided by the relevant information when determining the category of car and the transport tax rate (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 19, 2010 N 03-05-05-04 / 05, dated July 1, 2009 N 03-05- 06-04 / 105, Federal Tax Service of Russia dated February 18, 2008 N ShS-6-3 / [email protected]).
Make, model of vehicle
Line 3 may not contain an indication of either "passenger", or "cargo", or "bus" affiliation of the vehicle. For example, it might read: ambulance", "van", "all-metal van", "cargo-passenger van", "collector van", etc.
In this case, as follows from the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 13, 2012 N 03-05-06-04 / 137, attention should be paid to line 2 of the TCP "Mark, model of the vehicle." The fact is that, in accordance with the Industry Normal OH 025 270-66 "Classification and designation system for automobile rolling stock, as well as its units and components manufactured by specialized enterprises" and with clause 26 of the Regulation, it reflects symbol vehicle, consisting of an alphabetic, numeric or mixed designation. Second digit digital designation model of the vehicle indicates its type (type of car): "1" - passenger car, "2" - bus, "3" - cargo (onboard), "7" - van, "9" - special transport. However, it is obvious that, for example, the numbers 7 and 9 in the specified code no longer allow you to determine the type of vehicle. Moreover, if the car foreign production, then there will be no such digital cipher at all.
Among other things, line 4 of the TCP indicates the category of car. There are five in total:
- A - motorcycles, scooters and other motor vehicles;
- B - cars, permitted maximum weight which does not exceed 3500 kg and the number of seats of which, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed eight;
- C - motor vehicles, with the exception of those belonging to category D, the maximum authorized mass of which exceeds 3500 kg;
- D - cars designed for the carriage of passengers and having more than 8 seats, in addition to the driver's seat;
trailer - a vehicle intended for movement in combination with the main vehicle.
At the same time, the listed categories of vehicles correspond to the classification of cars established by the Convention. And in this sense, the common belief that B are cars, C are trucks, and D are buses is, in fact, only approximately true. In particular, category B includes "power-driven vehicles for the carriage of goods, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 3.5 tons (N 1)". On the other hand, in category C, indeed, for the most part it is trucks. This follows from Comparison table vehicle categories according to the classifications of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE ITC) and the Convention. Meanwhile, it is in accordance with this Table that the categories of vehicles indicated in the type approval of the vehicle (which confirms the TCP) are transferred into categories according to the classification of the Convention (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 13, 2012 N 03-05-06-04 / 137).
Thus, in itself, this or that category of the vehicle indicated in the vehicle passport does not allow one to unambiguously judge its type for tax purposes. However, it is obvious that it greatly complicates the task of determining it, for example, in a situation where the vehicle type "passenger" and at the same time category C are reflected in the TCP. At one time in a similar situation, that is, when TCP data do not allow to unambiguously determine the type of vehicle for the purposes of the transport tax, representatives of the Ministry of Finance prescribed to seek clarification directly from the traffic police in which the vehicle was registered, or from the manufacturer. But, judging by the explanations of the financiers dated October 28, 2013 N 03-05-06-04 / 45552, this is no longer necessary. As the experts of the Ministry of Finance pointed out in them, if the category reflected in the TCP does not correspond to the type of car, this contradiction is due to clause 7 of Art. 3 of the Tax Code should be interpreted in favor of the taxpayer.
The make and model of a car cannot be attributed to identical concepts, as some suggest. If you look, then between them you can find huge differences. One brand of car can have quite a few models.
The brand of a car belongs to the basic concept. Otherwise it can be called as a brand or trademark. You can give a completely extraneous example: Nokia N8. This phrase makes us understand that we have a Nokia brand phone, model N8. The same goes for cars: brand, and model can be Octavia or Yeti. But, most often, the brand of the car is trying to determine its belonging to any automaker. For example, a VAZ car. The VAZ brand indicates that this car was made at the AvtoVAZ plant.
Almost a car of any brand has models, and more than one. The model tells about the type of vehicle (what type of body) produced under a particular brand. An example would be the lineup brands Subaru- Forester, Outback, Impreza, DRZ, Legacy, Tribeca or WRX. To make it clearer what the lineup of a car brand is, I will give an example: the Petrov family consists of Masha, Petya, Katya, Stepan. Each bears the surname Petrov, but their names are different. The same can be said about the Suzuki family - these are Swift, SX4, Vitara. 
What does the car model name say?
The brand name can have different origins. It can be in the form of an abbreviation - BMW (translated from German it will sound like "Bavarian engine factories"). And "" proudly bears its name thanks to the daughter of the head of the concern, representative office in France. If we consider Mercedes models in more detail, then you pay attention that each model contains a letter and a number in its name. The letter indicates belonging to the class, and the number indicates the size of the engine (this applies passenger transport) - E320 or A180. This suggests that the body of the car belongs to class E, and its engine capacity is 3.2 liters. Another example can be deciphered in the same way: body A with an engine capacity of 1.8 liters. Thus, it can be concluded that executive class Mercedes brand cars have the designation S, and the letter A belongs to the budget series.
And if you want to find and purchase a car from your mobile phone, you can use the Yandex Auto app for Android. You can download it here - link .
Digital secrets of cars
Some brands of cars in which the model name has only a set of numbers. This mainly concerns Chinese manufacturer. Some models have such a large set of numbers, and the name itself is ready to be remembered only by the salon manager himself. By some car manufacturers, the brand in its name contains a set of numbers that indicate the sequence of production. That is Toyota Land Cruiser 80, 100,200.
On cars that have stickers like 4WD or AWD, or 4 * 4 indicates the type all-wheel drive transmission. But since most concerns strive for their own individuality, but on the lid of their trunks you can already see some abbreviations - TDSi (Ford) or JTD (Fiat), which indicates that these cars are equipped with diesel engines.
Variety of machines
In the world huge variety car brand emblems. Each of them indicates the quality of a car produced by a particular automaker. Not every motorist is given the opportunity to determine the brand of the car by its icon.
The image of the sign has a very deep history. The formation of each of them took place for a long time, since not every enterprise was given the opportunity to work in the field of vehicle production. Over time, icons have been regularly improved.
It should be noted right away that the number of emblems that exist in the world correspond to the number of car brands. It is impossible to make an accurate count of the number of all brands of cars in the world. No source contains such information.
