The characteristic of the mass of the car is the primary criterion for fuel consumption and other indicators, which also affects all kinds of car systems. The basic concepts relating to the masses of a vehicle are usually taught in a driving school. However, for many car owners this complex issue. In this article we will tell you what is the difference between the total curb weight and what it is; and also find out what is the mass payload and the maximum allowable weight.

Interesting fact! The BelAZ 75710 dump truck (Belarus) is considered the machine with the largest mass. Its weight is 810 tons, and its carrying capacity is 450 tons. In 2014, this vehicle carried a load of 503.5 tons and thus set a new Guinness Book record for Europe and the CIS.

What is the curb weight of the car

The curb weight of the vehicle is the weight of the vehicle, which takes into account the weight of standard equipment (spare wheel, tools), the weight of all consumables (fuel, coolant, oil, etc.), but does not take into account the weight of cargo, driver and passengers. In other words, the total value of the masses of all components of an empty vehicle filled up to a full tank, which has all standard equipment And required levels liquids and means the curb weight of the car.

You can find the number corresponding to the curb weight of your car in its registration certificate, or among specifications model of your car.

Note!In many European countries, the weight of the driver (75 kg) is included in the curb weight. Manufacturers are of the opinion that for the movement of the car, the presence of a driver is a necessary condition, and therefore its weight cannot be counted as a payload.

The curb weight is also called the unladen weight, while the total weight of the vehicle is considered to be the mass, which includes the weight of the equipment, Supplies, as well as the mass of the driver, the mass of passengers and cargo. That is, the difference between the full and curb weights lies in the weight of the driver, passengers and goods carried by the car.

Let us also mention such a concept as dry weight auto. This is the real weight of the machine as a structure, device, mechanism. In other words, this is a common actual weight unequipped vehicle without any consumable fluids.

Payload weight

Now we will talk about such an important technical and main operational characteristic. Vehicle as carrying capacity, in other words, about the mass of the payload. This is the total weight of the entire cargo (corresponding to general technical and performance characteristics vehicle) that transports the car. By setting the permissible maximum load on the axle of the rolling stock per meter of track, it is possible to determine the estimated payload mass of the vehicle.

Conventionally, the carrying capacity can be divided into estimated And nominal. If the calculation takes into account only allowable weight, which can transport transport, then the nominal takes into account the quality of the road. On a hard surface, it can be from 0.5 t (for passenger cars) up to more than 28 tons (for dump trucks).

Did you know? In some types of vehicles, a certification plate is attached to the door frame, which contains technical data, including the maximum weight permissible load for every bridge.

Maximum allowable (gross) weight

If we talk about the permitted maximum mass of the vehicle, then this is the mass of the equipped and extremely loaded vehicle, provided by the developer. The weight of the driver and passengers is also taken into account. Each make and model has its own maximum allowable weight, which depends on the materials used in the production of the car, the body structure and other parts of the car.

Important! It is advisable not to exceed the allowable maximum of this indicator in order to avoid body deformation and problems with the suspension.

The SDA also states that the maximum permitted mass of a road train is the sum of the maximum allowable masses of all vehicles that make up the train. It is also worth mentioning that since 2015 the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has introduced some restrictions for trucks aimed at maintaining the integrity of the roadway. As stated in Decree No. 8669 of October 21: for the transport of divisible goods, the permitted maximum weight truck mobile is not more than 40 tons, which applies to roads common use.

As you can see, all concepts are extremely simple and understandable. We hope that all of the above will be useful to you and there will be no confusion.

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FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE
RUSSIA

VEHICLE,
PUBLIC ROADS

Moscow, 1999

FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE OF RUSSIA
(FDS of Russia)

ORDER

Moscow

On approval of the norms "Maximum masses and dimensions of vehicles operated on highways common use"

In order to ensure safety traffic, reliability and safety of public roads and road structures, taking into account their bearing capacity and carrying capacity I ORDER: 1 . Approve the attached norms "Maximum weights and dimensions of vehicles operated on public roads", agreed with the Ministry of Transport of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2. Department for ensuring the safety of roads of the FDS of Russia (Sorokin S.F.) together with Legal Department FDS of Russia (Enikeev Sh.S.) to coordinate in the prescribed manner with the interested ministries and departments and submit until June 1, 1999 for approval to the leadership of the FDS of Russia "Rules for the passage of heavy and (or) large vehicles on public roads" and " Instructions on the procedure for compensating for damage caused by heavy vehicles when driving on public roads. 3 . To impose control over the execution of this order on the deputy head of the FDS of Russia Urmanov I.A. Head V.G. Artyukhov

FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE
RUSSIA

MAXIMUM WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS
VEHICLE,
OPERATING ON VEHICLES
PUBLIC ROADS

Moscow, 1999

1 . General provisions

1.1. The provisions set out in these standards apply to the mass and dimensions of vehicles authorized for use in Russian Federation on public roads, are established on the basis of the requirements for ensuring road safety, reliability and safety of roads and road structures, taking into account their bearing capacity and carrying capacity. The following restrictions on the weight and dimensions of vehicles do not apply to the production of vehicles, the requirements for which are established by other standards and norms. 1.2. Vehicles or parts thereof that form part of combined vehicles, the dimensions, as well as the total mass and axle load of which do not exceed the values ​​established by sections 3, 4 and 5 of these standards, are allowed to travel on federal and territorial public roads. For other highways designed and built for loads less than those specified in Sections 3, 4 and 5, the owners of roads may set other (lower) maximum values ​​for the mass of vehicles, for federal highways - the Federal road service Russia, for territorial highways - by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, for municipal highways - by local governments. Decisions to reduce the dimensions and weights of vehicles listed below are based on the results of a road survey and may be permanent or temporary. At the same time, the body that made such a decision is obliged, in the prescribed manner, to establish the appropriate road signs on the highway or its section, where additional restrictions on the mass and size of vehicles have been introduced and inform road users about this. 1.3. A vehicle and its part forming a combined vehicle, the mass and/or axle load of which and/or the size of which exceed the maximum values ​​established by these standards, may travel on roads only if there are special permits issued in the prescribed manner by the competent authorities. The movement of such vehicles on roads is carried out in accordance with the "Instructions for the transportation of bulky and heavy goods by road on the roads of the Russian Federation", approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia on May 27, 1996. 1.4. In addition to the limit values ​​​​of the total mass and axial loads established by these requirements, the mass of the transported cargo and the distribution of the load along the axles must not exceed the values ​​established by the manufacturer for a particular vehicle. 1.5. For the purposes of these standards, the following concepts and definitions are used: Vehicle - a device designed for the carriage of goods and passengers on roads; Truck - a vehicle designed and built exclusively or primarily for the carriage of goods; Tractor - a vehicle designed and built exclusively or primarily for towing a trailer or semi-trailer; Trailer - a vehicle designed for the carriage of goods by towing by a tractor or truck; Semi-trailer - specially equipped for the carriage of goods, designed to be connected to a tractor in such a way that a part of this vehicle is located directly on the tractor and transfers a significant proportion of its weight to it; Road train - a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and a trailer; Articulated vehicle - a combined vehicle consisting of a tractor, articulated with a semi-trailer; Bus - a vehicle designed to carry passengers and their luggage, with more than nine seats, including a driver's seat; Articulated bus- a bus consisting of two or more rigid sections connected to each other and having a passenger compartment in each section, allowing passengers to move freely from one compartment to another; Combined vehicle- combination of a truck, consisting of a truck connected to a semi-trailer; The maximum length, width and height of the vehicle - length, width and height of the vehicle with or without cargo, not exceeding the values ​​specified in section 3 of these standards; Maximum linear parameters of the vehicle - linear parameters not exceeding the values ​​specified in section 3 of these standards; Maximum vehicle weight- the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo, which does not exceed the values ​​specified in section 4 of these standards; - mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the surface of the road, not exceeding the standard value; Indivisible cargo- cargo which, when transported by road, cannot be divided into two or more parts without undue cost or risk of deterioration and which, when loaded on a vehicle, would exceed its maximum dimensions and mass; Air suspension- a suspension system in which the damping element is air; Cart- two or more axles having a common suspension to the vehicle; single axle- an axle of a vehicle located at a distance of more than 1.8 m from the nearest axle of this vehicle; close axes- axes (two or more) of the vehicle, located at a distance between them of less than 1.8 m.

2. Measuring the mass and dimensions of vehicles

2.1. Vehicle length is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 paragraph 6.1. At the same time, when measuring length in accordance with the provisions of this standard, do not take into account following devices, mounted on the car: a device for glass cleaning and mudguards; front and side marking plates; devices for sealing and protective devices for them; devices for fixing tarpaulins and protective devices for them; electrical lighting equipment; rear view mirrors; devices for viewing the space behind the car; air tubes; length of valves and connectors for connection to trailers or swap bodies; steps for access to the body; lift for a note tire; lifting platforms, access steps and similar equipment not exceeding 200 mm in working position and designed in such a way that they cannot increase the vehicle's load limit; coupling devices for towing vehicles or trailers. 2.2. Vehicle height is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 paragraph 6.3. Moreover, when measuring the height, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on the vehicle should not be taken into account: antennas; pantograph in raised position. For vehicles equipped with an axle lifting device, the effect of this device is taken into account. 2.3. Vehicle width is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 paragraph 6.2. When measuring the width of a vehicle, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on a vehicle should not be taken into account: devices for seals and seals and protective devices for them; devices for fixing tarpaulins and protective devices for them; devices for identifying damage to tires ; protruding flexible parts of mudguards; Lightning equipment; steps in working position, suspended platforms and similar equipment which, in working position, do not exceed 10 mm on each side of the vehicle and facing forward or backward, the corners of which are rounded with a radius of at least 5 mm, and the edges of which are rounded with a radius of at least 2 .5 mm; rearview mirrors; tire pressure indicators; retractable or retractable steps; the curved portion of a tire's surface that extends beyond its point of contact with the ground. 2.4. Axle mass of a vehicle is measured with a dynamic vertical load transmitted through a single axle to the road surface from a loaded vehicle. The measurement is carried out by special automobile scales that have passed certification in the prescribed manner. The axle weight of a bogie located on one suspension, taking into account the design of the vehicle, is determined as the sum of the measurements of the mass of each of the axles included in the bogie. 2.5. The total mass of a vehicle or part thereof forming part of a combined vehicle is determined as the sum of the measured masses of all axles of the vehicle or part thereof.

3 . Maximum dimensions and other vehicle parameters

The maximum dimensions of vehicles, taking into account the dimensions of swap bodies and containers for cargo, including containers, must not exceed the values ​​given below. 3.1. Maximum length: truck - 12.00 m trailer - 12.00 m articulated vehicle - 16.5 m articulated bus - 18.00 m road train - 20.00 m 3.2. Maximum width: all vehicles - 2.50 m 3.3 . Max Height- 4.00 m 3.4 . The maximum distance between the axis of the constipation of the coupling device and back semi-trailer must not exceed 12.00 m. 3.5. The maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train from the outer front point of the body or platform for placing the load behind the cab to the rear outer point of the trailer, minus the distance between the rear of the tractor and the front of the trailer, must not exceed 15.65 m. 3.6. The maximum distance, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train, from the outer front point of the body or platform for placing cargo behind the cab to the rear outer point of the semi-trailer must not exceed 16.40 m. 3.7. The load installed in the body of the vehicle must not protrude beyond the rear outer point of the vehicle or trailer by more than 2.00 m. 3.8. Distance between rear axle truck and the front axle of the trailer must be at least 3.00 m. 3.9. The horizontally measured distance between the pivot point of the semi-trailer and any point of the front part of the semi-trailer shall not exceed 2.04 m. 3.10. Any vehicle, when moving, must be able to turn within the space limited by an outer radius of 12.50 m and an inner radius of 5.30 m. 3.11. The maximum distance between the locking pin of the hitch and the rear of the combination vehicle must not exceed 12.00 m.

4 . Regulatory total mass of vehicles*

* Regulatory total masses of vehicles must not be exceeded by more than 20%.

Table 4.1

Type motor vehicle		Regulatory total weight of the vehicle, t
	Trucks a) two-axle vehicle
	b) three-axle car
	d) a four-axle vehicle with two driving axles, each of which consists of two pairs of wheels and has an air or equivalent suspension
	Vehicles forming part of a combination vehicle (a) Two-axle trailer
	b) three-axle trailer
	Combined vehicles Articulated vehicles
	a) a two-axle tractor with a two-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 11.2 m or more
	b) a two-axle tractor with a three-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 12.1 m or more
	c) a three-axle tractor with a two-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 11.7 m or more
	d) a three-axle tractor with a three-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 12.1 or more
	e) a vehicle consisting of 18 ton truck and a 20-ton semi-trailer if the vehicle has a drive axle consisting of twin wheels and is equipped with air suspension or its equivalent with a total wheelbase of 13.3 m or more
	Road trains a) a two-axle truck with a two-axle trailer with a total base of 12.1 m or more
	b) a two-axle truck with a three-axle trailer with a total base of 14.6 m or more
	c) a two-axle truck with a four-axle trailer with a total base of 16.5 m or more
	d) a three-axle truck with a two-axle trailer with a total base of 14.6 m or more
	e) a three-axle truck with a three-axle trailer with a total base of 15.9 m or more
	f) a three-axle truck with a four-axle trailer with a total base of 18 m or more
	Buses a) two-axle bus
	b) three-axle bus
	c) three-axle articulated bus
	d) four-axle articulated bus

5 . Regulatory axial loads of vehicles

Table 5.1.

Regulatory axial loads of vehicles *

* Axle loads of motor vehicles should not exceed the normative axle loads by more than 40%.

Vehicle axle types	Estimated axial load for which the pavement is designed, tf
	gable		lean-to
Single axles
Tandem axles of trailers, semi-trailers, drive axles trucks and buses with distances between axles:
d) equal to or more than 1.8 m
Triple axles of trailers and semi-trailers with distances between axles:
a) more than 0.5 m, but less than 1.0 m
b) equal to or more than 1.0 m, but less than 1.3 m
c) equal to or more than 1.3 m, but less than 1.8 m
d) equal to or more than 1.8 m
- the same, when mounted on an air suspension or equivalent

5.8. The weight transmitted to the drive or drive axles of the vehicle or combination vehicle must not be less than 25% of the total weight of the vehicle or combination vehicle.

1. General Provisions. 2 2. Measurement of the mass and dimensions of vehicles. 3 3. Maximum dimensions and other parameters of vehicles. 4 4. Regulatory total mass of vehicles. 5 5. Regulatory axial loads of vehicles. 6

Trucks in Soviet time were exclusively in state property. Now, a privately owned truck will surprise few people. Moreover, for many car owners it is the main source of income.

Unlike passenger transport the operation of these vehicles has a number of specific nuances, one of which is the prevention of overloading the vehicle.

What defines the rules

Cargo transportation by road is regulated by a number of regulations. One of them is the Federal Law on Highways No. 257-FZ of November 8, 2007 - LINK.

Paragraph 2 of Article 31 of which indicates the need to obtain a permit for the movement on the roads of a vehicle exceeding by more than two percent the permissible mass of the vehicle, or the permissible axle load.

An exception is made only for the transport of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

When agreed, the car owner must:

• Coordinate the route of the car.
• Compensate for the damage caused during the operation of the road.

If the excess is not more than 10 percent, a simplified system for issuing permits within one day is applied.

Legislation Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 272 ​​dated April 15, 2011 “On approval of the Rules for the carriage of goods by car» (LINK) also establishes the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle in tons:

Single cars:

• two-axle - 18 t;
• three-axle - 25 tons;
• four-axle 32 t;
• five-axle - 35 t.

Road trains saddle and trailer:

• triaxial - 28 t;
• four-axle 36 t;
• five-axle - 40 tons;
• six-axle and more - 44 t.

Maximum axle load of a truck in Russia

Another parameter controlled by this normative act (Appendix No. 2) is the permissible axle load. It is regulated for highways designed for 6 tons, 10 tons and 11.5 tons, respectively. The distance between closely spaced axles and the type of wheels (single or dual) are also important.

Table 2018-2019

Location of vehicle axles	Distance between closely spaced axes (meters)	Permissible axle loads of wheeled vehicles depending on the standard (calculated) axle load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axle
		for a / d, calculated. for axle load 6 tons/axle	for a / d, calculated. for axle load 10 tons/axle	for a / d, calculated. for axle load 11.5 tons/axle
Singles	from 2.5 m and more
Dual axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors at distance between axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Triple axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors with a distance between the axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	up to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Contiguous axles of trucks, tractors, truck tractors, trailers and semi-trailers, with more than three axles at a distance between axles (one axle load)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Contiguous axles of vehicles with eight or more wheels on each axle (load per axle)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

Table note:

1. The values ​​in brackets are for dual wheels, without brackets - for single wheels.

2. Axles with single and double wheels, combined in a group of close axles, should be considered as close axles with single wheels.

3. For twin and triple axles, structurally combined in common trolley, the allowable axle load is determined by dividing the total allowable bogie load by the corresponding number of axles.

4. An uneven distribution of the load along the axles for two-axle and three-axle bogies is allowed, if the total load on the bogie does not exceed the permissible one, and the load on the most loaded axle does not exceed the permissible axial load of the corresponding (single or dual) single axle.

How to calculate load

Axle load refers to the load from the mass of the vehicle, transmitted to the plane through its wheels. Consideration should be given to its significant unevenness on the front and rear (rear) axles of the truck.

Any calculation will be approximate, since it is impossible to scrupulously take into account all the parameters.

Approximate calculation sequence for a common model tractor + trailer:

• From the vehicle registration certificate we take information about the mass of the car and the mass of the trailer.

• We define actual mass of cargo. This is the most difficult stage, since the invoice data does not always correctly reflect this information.

• We carry out the calculation for the trailer. To do this, we add the mass of the trailer and the mass of the cargo, since part of the trailer's load is transferred to the tractor, we adjust the value downward. The most common is a load ratio of 25% for the tractor and 75% for the trailer. Accordingly, we determine 75% of the sum of the masses of the cargo and the trailer. Divide the resulting value by the number of axles.

• Now we determine the weight on the axle of the tractor. To 25% of the sum of the mass of the cargo and the mass of the trailer, the mass of the tractor itself is added.

• As well as for the trailer, we take it as 75% of the value obtained. The resulting value is divided by the number of rear axles of the tractor. We define the load on the front axle as 25%. As a result, the values ​​for all axles of the tractor and trailer are obtained. You should be guided to any maximum value, it is precisely this that is taken into account at weight posts.

There are calculators on the Internet that allow you to make calculations automatically. An exact answer can only be given by a measurement made by specialized devices used in weight control.

Video - how to avoid congestion fines using the ALM system:

Types of weight control

Weighing stations are stationary and mobile.

Video - the work of the weight control point and fines for overloading a truck:

Stationary are located in predetermined places, the movement of personnel and equipment is not carried out on them.

Mobile weight control posts equipped on the basis car vans are able to quickly change their location and turn into an unexpected surprise for truck owners.

Weight control is carried out in dynamic and static mode.

Dynamic the measurement mode is carried out when a truck is moving at a low speed using special sensors. Which sequentially take readings on each of the axles of the car. The speed of movement should not be more than 5 km/h. minus this method is a significant, sometimes up to 3% measurement error.

Video - how weight control should work on the road:

Static way is more accurate. The measurement is made with the car stationary. The method allows you to measure how gross weight vehicle and axle loads.

Fines for overloading a truck in 2019

For violation of the rules for the carriage of goods in part allowable weight and allowable axial loads, penalties are provided. The amount of the fine for reloading a truck is indicated in article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - LINK.

The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for the following types of punishment:

• In paragraph 1 of Art. 12.21.1 in case of exceeding allowed values from 2 to 10% without a issued permit, or a similar excess of the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the permit, provides for a fine for the driver (hereinafter - B) up to 1500 r, executive(hereinafter referred to as DL) up to 15,000 rubles, a legal entity (hereinafter referred to as a legal entity) up to 150,000 rubles.

• In paragraph 2 of Art. 12.21.1 the same, if values ​​​​are exceeded from 10 to 20% without a formalized permit, it provides for a fine for B up to 4000 r, DL up to 30000 r, YL up to 300000 r.

• In paragraph 3 of Art. 12.21.1 the same, if values ​​​​from 20 to 50% are exceeded without permission, it provides for a fine for B up to 10,000 rubles (or deprivation of rights up to 4 months), DL up to 40,000 rubles, legal entities up to 400,000 rubles.

• In paragraph 4 of Art. 12.21.1 the same in case of exceeding the values ​​agreed in the permit from 10 to 20% than the fine for B up to 3500 r, DL up to 25000 r, YL up to 250000 r.

• In paragraph 5 of Art. 12.21.1 the same in case of exceeding the values ​​agreed in the permit from 20 to 50% than the fine for B up to 3500 r, DL up to 25000 r, YL up to 250000 r.

• In paragraph 6 of Art. 12.21.1 the same, if the values ​​agreed in the permit are exceeded by more than 50% or without permission, it provides for a fine for B up to 10,000 rubles (or deprivation of the right to drive up to six months), DL up to 50,000 rubles, legal entities up to 500,000 rubles. It should be taken into account that except for a fine in all paragraphs 1 to 6 of this article it is planned to detain vehicles with direction to a special parking lot.

• In paragraph 11 of Article 12.21.1, the same, if the values ​​\u200b\u200bexceeded indicated on a special limiting sign, entail a fine of 5000 rubles.

Attention! For violations provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, individual entrepreneurs bear administrative responsibility as legal entities!

Things to Remember

Keep in mind a number of important points. In order to get into the ranks of violators, it will be enough if even one axle exceeds the permitted load norms.

Video - about overload, fines, axle loads (interpretation of controversial points):

If you are sure that you are right and that there is no overload, you should pay attention to the equipment that was measured, it must be certified and officially be a measuring instrument.

In the near future, car owners will have to face automatic system weight control and video recording, which will be able to measure at car speeds up to 140 km/h. A receipt with a fine will be sent in the same way as those sent for speeding.

In conclusion, it is worth adding that the conscientious control of the cargo carrier over the weight parameters of his vehicle will not only save the roadway, but also save time and significant cash on fines. Good luck on the roads!

Yes, truckers are not allowed to "get bored" - one thing is worth it.

Alexander

Thank you Super!!!)))

Albina

Good afternoon There is a notification about the appearance at the trial on the case of overload on the 2nd axle (it was 6,930 kg at a rate of 6000) Can we refer to the fact that the correct distribution of the load is the responsibility of the driver. And we, as consignors, did not violate the norm for overloading, and all the blame is only on the driver, because. in the process of loading or during transportation, the driver himself could move the load. Thank you Or how can we properly avoid paying a fine, because. we are an LLC and the fine is 250,000 rubles.

Dmitriy

Good afternoon, in accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Sobz, the maximum allowable weight of a road train is 40 tons, given that this is an INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENT, and international agreements are “above” national in terms of supremacy, it is better not to carry more than 40 tons

Vladimir

Standard a\crane KS-45719 on the MAZ-5337 chassis. Load on the rear axle 11500kg (indicated in the crane passport and on the cab label), in fact even more. On what roads can it travel? resolution on a fine for an enterprise (Kostroma, auto scales-invisible) -300tyr.

Sergey

Purely theoretically thought, and if on this crane rear axles“Push apart”, then it will already pass through the scales. It seems that there are not many alterations, jet rods and cardan can be ordered according to size, springs can also be picked up or assembled from sheets yourself.

Valentine

Automatic weight and dimension control systems have been operating in Russia for a long time. At the same time, for minimal overloads even on one axle (within an error of + - 400 kg), fines come on the owner of the vehicle. And if the owner is a legal entity. Then keep 150 thousand rubles. for exceeding 2% of the permitted weight. Moreover, the automation will not determine that in the process of movement a shift of the load may occur. In general, in soon there will be a lot of appeals against such decisions.

Edward

I worked for the owner now I got a fine, although I, as a driver, just paid the inspector mixed up the names. the judge said that there is no difference to whom they wrote out

Yuri

I have a three-axle tractor and a three-axle P / tank trailer. By total mass We do not carry overload, but it happens along the axes. I don’t understand, overload by the total mass of the road train is a fine higher than with axial overload ???

Michael

Indeed, I also heard such information that in the near future an automated weight control system will be installed on the roads. And having fixed the overload, receipts with a fine will be sent to the violator. By analogy with a system that fixes speeding. And then we will live, Plato will then seem like a trifle. I understand perfectly well that the road is deteriorating, I understand that any mistake with overload leads to irreparable and unpredictable. But an adequate and qualified driver will never allow an overload on purpose and will distribute the load evenly along the axles. And grabbers and receipts will not stop.

Leonid

But in fact, those who deliberately overload their trucks and dump trucks harm everyone. First of all, the roads on which we drive suffer. These are not only pits and potholes, but also deep rutting. Here in our region there is a road Gomel - Bryansk, I often travel along it, and so in the direction from Gomel the gauge is 20-25 centimeters, but there is no gauge in the opposite direction. Why? Yes, because loaded trucks go from Belarus to Moscow, and empty back! The desire of the driver is quite understandable - he loaded more, transported more, and received more. But! Other members of the movement suffer. Therefore, axle load control is important and should be carried out on all significant federal highways.

Andrey

severity automobile laws in Russia, as we know, it is compensated by corrupt traffic cops.

Lyokha

On the one hand, any average static driver (if he does not drive trucks) is “in a drum” with all these layouts for overloads, axle load calculations, and so on. On the other hand, both use the same road, and the condition of this road primarily depends on trucks. It is they who give the main load on the roadbed. Therefore, car owners of passenger cars have every right to participate in the discussion of such problems and ask questions, and demand the fulfillment of load standards in case of violation. In my region, after the appearance of the Mirotorg company, the roads simply began to fall apart before our eyes. In some they invest in repairs, but not always. I pay honestly transport tax and I want to drive on normal roads.

Leonid

Tin, it looks like they will soon be fined for everything. And so taxes were raised, and now for overload. Even if not overloaded, they will find something to dig into. And as they say: "The Russian court, the most humane court in the world." So it will be useless to go there in case of anything.

Dmitriy

Theory is good and right, but we must not forget that the rules are applied in our country in different ways from region to region. So when planning a route, be sure to look for reviews about local posts and attitudes towards them. I read about what is happening in Karelia, Tatarstan, Bashkiria - we, for example, do not yet have such a tough guy.

SuperMakarij

The development of fleets of heavy trucks already in the seventies of the last century has greatly changed the operation of highways. Heavyweights destroyed the roadbed, sometimes knocking out ruts in the existing asphalt. Overloading of vehicles affects not only the quality of road operation, but also technical condition vehicles and their trouble-free operation. Especially the problem of overloading trucks has been growing since the 90s, when private fleets began to develop at an accelerated pace in the country. Together with them went the excitement of earning at any cost, to the detriment of the rules for the operation of trucks and road safety. The measures taken by the government to regulate and control the rules for the transportation of goods are forced and require drivers to do one thing - their implementation.

Vladimir

The trouble is this! Control over the overload of a truck, of course, must be tough and it must be carried out for the sake of protecting the roadway and environment. But on the other hand, why are they introducing additional fees for truckers (the Plato system), constantly increasing excise taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel? Truckers are forced to go to the trick, overloading their cars in order to achieve at least some profit. Many IP - truckers leave the market, leaving their favorite business. And secondly: why is control over heavy trucks being tightened, but not for road workers? New roads do not even withstand a couple of winters, they are destroyed instantly!

Anton

I bought a truck in Moscow (loner 2 axles), drove it home, loading it with my own cargo. Near Novosib, I got on automation with an overweight on the axle (the load shifted). RESULT: I am the owner, non-commercial cargo, PENALTY 300t.r. …. how is this??? It is not easier to dispossess us of kulaks right away, why such complex schemes?

Sergey

Our legislators, regulating norms and the Code of Administrative Offenses, act according to the scheme - "where or how to work, if only not to work." They draw up tables, publish articles about exceeding the permissible values, but only without regard to quality. Russian roads currently and in the future. Everything seems to be fine, the driver complies with all the norms for a certain quality of the road, the axle load rate is less than the permissible one, then after driving along a part of the “killed” road, he breaks undercarriage car. But the pits, in fact, are the same load on the axle, only to worsen the operation of vehicles. In terms of axle load, it should take into account not only how the roads will suffer from overload, but also what losses the car owner will incur from their unacceptable quality. To begin with, normal laws on the guarantee from the contractor of the highway and strict measures for their violation should be introduced.

Viktor Alexandrovich

Yes, trucks do not always spoil the roads! The track is light everywhere, it's from the spikes. Does the government not know about this? Even as he knows, but does nothing, because the result is not needed by anyone, but this movement-hype is needed. Tell me how the driver should observe the axial when transporting timber, lumber? There are no scales in the car, the density strongly depends on the humidity and type of wood. It is surprising that all the media and amateurs, who themselves have never loaded trucks all over the country, are replicating nonsense.

Alexander

I sincerely sympathize with the drivers of heavy trucks - as a rule, they do not solve anything in various cargo-economic scenarios and are forced to go to violations so as not to lose their jobs. It's just that they have to answer.

Sergey

I have been to Poland by car and have not seen any rutting there, although there are many tractors moving along the roads, which means that it is not about cars, but about the quality of the canvas!

Anatoly

Of course, overloading a truck is an indicator of the use of a car, which should always be under control, both for the driver and for the responsible persons of enterprises or organizations. It is not in vain that the legislation provides for responsibility for the state of loading not only on these persons, but also on the organization itself. All this in order to avoid, as they say, shifting all responsibility to the driver. The driver, carrying out the commands of the company's management for the transportation of goods that are beyond the weight, should not be a whipping boy. Yes, and he is responsible not only for fines, but sometimes for his own life. It would be desirable, that, especially heads or owners of the small enterprises understood it. Do you want to receive big profit, organize a decent job for the driver, provide appropriate permits in a timely manner, if necessary, send the car along a route where the road surface can withstand the weight of a loaded car. There should be a serious study of the implementation of such work, and not according to the principle “I said”, but at least don’t flourish there. And if everything that depends on you is done, then let the driver be responsible for all deviations and violations.

Eugene

And I will tell you this - all this weight control carried out by government agencies is in fact ineffective! The fact is that the vast majority of furists are well aware of where stationary scales are located and the places where mobile load measurement points are most often installed. And even at the stage of loading their truck at the logistics warehouse, knowing in advance that they will have an advantage, drivers develop a route of movement bypassing all checkpoints of weight and load. Plus, in almost every truck there is a short-wave receiver-transmitter (walkie-talkie), with the help of which truck drivers communicate on a certain channel, who share the situation on the road, the presence of a traffic police post or scales.
Thus, less than 5 percent of violators come across in the nets of our security forces, that is, it is like catching small fish with a net with a large mesh - whoever gapes or sucks pays! On the other hand, these are certainly obvious pests. After all, what happens is that the carrier alone profits from the overweight, and we all repair the roads together (for our taxes). Therefore, I think that a truck with an advantage is a common enemy !! Some kind of non-resident stray will pass by my city, and he doesn’t care, but I still have to drive here all my life.

Nicholas

I don’t know how they cheat with overload and axle load, but the fact is that they violate it, and often. A few years ago, I often had to travel around federal highways and drew attention to the fact that stationary weight control applies to truckers in different ways. Some have a clear overload, they are barely pulled uphill, they are pressed to the ground, and no one pays attention to them. It's all about the numbers, which region, this and the attitude. Sometimes there were mobile measurement points, here the loyalty of the inspectors fell, they were much stricter. There are many acquaintances who work on long lengths, and all of them have their own tricks to bypass the weight control. But, as usual, the employer (private trader) immediately finances the driver with funds for fines. Someone finds workarounds, but apparently it's cheaper to pay a fine than to drive multiple flights. It is clear that everyone wants to earn money, everyone has their own truth, the human factor rules here. I got the money on my paw - I closed my eyes. The Plato system was introduced, but what has changed? We suffer, the drivers of passenger cars - the roads are smashed to smithereens. A few years ago we spent overhaul a bypass road along Saratov, not even a couple of years have passed - the track has turned into an accordion. Who is to blame here - the road builders? Perhaps, but when a car rolls with the weight of a railway wagon, which road will withstand it.

Laura

At first glance, I seem to be far from all these long-range problems, but on the other hand, I often have to drive along the highway, which the trucks have chosen. And meet with them often. And sometimes I get scared. It is quite narrow there and sometimes the trucks begin to rock in a childish way, it is noticeable that they are overloaded, it is not easy for them to keep their monsters. More than once I was driven not just to the side of the road, but into a ditch, monsters.

Macarius

March, the first month of spring, is coming to an end, in just a few weeks in the central regions of Russia, the snowmelt will basically end, and the earth will begin to thaw from its winter permafrost. The most dangerous time for the operation of roads and the time of responsibility for their unreasonable use. During the thawing period, the earth literally sags under any vehicles. On dirt roads ruts appear, sometimes very deep, especially from the passage of heavy tractors, such as John Deer, KA - 700 and others. The same thing happens on paved roads under the wheels. heavy vehicles. Even in high-quality asphalt, ruts are filled, which can be corrected only by a complete re-laying of the roadbed. It is no coincidence that at this time the most close attention is being paid to the overload of cars moving on the roads. various services, especially HBBD. It must also be remembered that general overload vehicle and exceeding the standard pressure on the axles of cars, not only destroy roads, but can also harm their serviceability. Explosions of wheels while driving, their breakage, followed by overturning of the trailer or the entire truck, are not uncommon. And the fines applied to drivers and car owners, in this case, are correct and justified.

Anton

Of course, in all the troubles and violations on the roads, as a rule, only the driver is to blame. After all, a traffic police officer who stopped a car on the road will not look for the owner of the car or the head of the enterprise that owns the car. And the inspector is strict with the driver. Our company has a well-equipped shop for loading and dispatching products. And there are several types of loading facilities, and an excellent weight room, where scales are installed that can weigh heavy vehicles with trailers. Once I was closely following the loading, the movers fulfilled all my requirements for evenly stacking the load on the platform of the body. When weighed, the total weight of the truck and trailer did not exceed the legal limit for my vehicle. Quietly left for the flight. Before reaching the city of Voronezh, at the point control weighing my car was weighed very carefully and according to their scales, the total weight of the car was allegedly overloaded by 20%. Of course, I could not prove anything, I paid to go further. So it turns out the country is one, the legislation is one, but the scales are different. Although we have modern, electronic scales at our enterprise, the recipient rarely sets the weight when unloading. It seems to me that it is necessary in the country, when adopting new rules, first to put things in order in the instruments of control, and then to control.

Sergey

Of course laws are written to be enforced (or bypassed). In the Tula region, every day in the spring at the entrance to the city, just at my garages, they install a Gazelle with the inscription "Weight control" and a traffic police car. When I go out of the garage with curiosity, I watch the same picture from year to year. A truck is coming, they stop, they look inside, they climb to look at something. Then they check the documents. Naturally, we are not even talking about any weighing. Then the driver first gets into the traffic police car, then goes into the "Gazelle" and leaves from there putting a piece of paper into his wallet. Once he did not hesitate to ask the driver what they gave him, it turned out to be a receipt for the overweight. So the question is, how did they determine the advantage - apparently by the method of a cursory glance. And by the way, I regularly pay a transport tax, and I drive on broken roads. So I want to understand this everywhere in our country this is how the advantage is determined, or only in the Tula region. Moreover, this post stands at a fork in the road - one to Tula, the other to the Don highway. And trucks naturally turn everything!!! to the Don, since they are forbidden to enter the city. Those. A fine is taken for the Don highway, and at the exit from the Tula region there is another similar mobile weight control post that releases cars onto this highway. So it is not clear who is stealing this money from whom, and whose area of ​​responsibility is there.

Anatoly

Oleg

Destruction pavement in Russia it headache all drivers. Many reasons wrong tire(for example, studded tires are prohibited in Europe), environmental conditions, track loading, performance quality road works. One of the reasons is the overload of the car, transmitted to the road through the load on the axle of the car. Axle load is the load from the mass of the car, transferred to the road surface by the wheels of one axle. It is with too much overload of the car that the destruction of the road surface occurs.
The mass of the car and the load on its axles are related by the ratio - the entire mass is divided by the load on the axles of the car (if there are two of them, then by two, if there are three, then by three). More load on the back.
On some sections of the road there is a prohibition sign 3.12, which prohibits the movement of vehicles whose axle load exceeds that indicated on the sign. Violation is punishable by a fine, i.e. shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five thousand roubles.
There are two types of weighing: dynamic and static. Dynamic - without stopping at a speed of no more than 5 km / h., Statistical - this is a complete stop, it is the most accurate. Depending on the mass more than the permitted norm, the fine changes. In addition, for violations stipulated by part 1 - 6 of article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the vehicle is sent to a fine parking lot, and if this is not technically feasible, then its movement is prohibited using special blocking means.
If excess weight has been allowed legal entities or individual entrepreneurs, then they are fined from 250 to 400 thousand rubles.

Anatoly

The new asphalt pavement becomes undulating in a year, it is impossible to drive.

Dima

They don’t want to make normal roads, so they invent restrictions. In the EU, Turkey maximum load 60t. And the roads are like glass

Anatoly Ivanovich

Life flows and everything in it changes. The legislation on reloading trucks is quite stable, only the control system is changing, which is increasingly moving towards computer science or cybernetics. In Russia, control systems for overloading cars are already working, which can determine it at speeds up to 140 kilometers per hour. Is it good or bad. On the one hand, technologies for determining overload are being developed, simplified and, accordingly, accelerated, and also lead to almost irrevocable punishment for detected violations. This is good. But in other way modern technology control is not entirely perfect, during its operation large deviations from the actual pressure indicators on the vehicle axle are allowed. Therefore, a lot of dissatisfied drivers and car owners, unjustified expenses for the transportation of goods, the cost of which is already quite high. What to do? Of course, as always, be patient, be glad that you managed to avoid this control when working on the roads and try your best not to overload the truck to please the customers, to correctly place the cargo in the back, both in size and weight. All this will help to avoid undeserved punishments. And all this will pass.

Anatoly

Like it or not, but the federal law on highways must be followed. But even without overloading the car, in some cases, it can not be done. It is especially necessary to overload the car when transporting solid structures or large products that fit in the car body in size, and in terms of weight and, accordingly, the axle load of the cargo mass, an advantage is obtained. In our organization, the transportation safety department in this case draws up special permissions for the transportation of such goods, which takes a certain time and for this reason a simple car is allowed. With a small excess, the decision to issue such a permit is made quickly, in one day, but with an overload of more than ten percent, the enterprise service has to work hard to prove the need for such actions. We had a case once. We loaded two structures onto the car body, which together exceeded the permitted carrying capacity of the car. The car, waiting for permission to transport this cargo, stood for about ten days, continuous losses for the enterprise. Permission was never given, one structure had to be removed from the body platform, as a result, permission was not required. For two flights during the day, the structures were transported to their destination. I think that in this case it is not the federal law that is to blame for the losses incurred by the enterprise, but the slow-wittedness and sluggishness of our responsible services, they do not know how to count money.

Sergey Sergeevich

If the axle load is normal, but the driver took an emergency vehicle for towing along the way, then, based on the laws of physics, the traction force will also increase weight load on the axle. The rules nowhere indicate such cases, although if everything is taken into account according to the standard, then a fine should be imposed, if the human factor is taken into account, then no. It is interesting how the traffic police regulates this.

Question from a reader:

« Good day. Help me figure out the weight of the car! There are many different indicators, the head is spinning, and two are indicated in the PTS! For example - what is the permitted weight of the car? What is no load? And the last thing is the curb weight of the car? Thank you in advance. Luda»

The question is really interesting. I'll try to explain in simple words read our article...

To begin with, it is worth noting that this is very important characteristic. Using this value, you can calculate the fuel consumption, as well as dynamic characteristics car. For example, a car with the same technical component (engine power and the same transmissions) may differ in dynamics due to the mass of the car. Even a difference of 20 - 50 kg can greatly affect the dynamics of the car, the difference can be 1 -2 seconds, and this is significant. That's why from racing cars remove everything superfluous in order to lighten the body to the maximum, respectively, increase the dynamics of the car. Also - the lighter your car, the less it consumes. If the body car light- the engine does not need to push a heavy body on high revs, enough average speed and speed is dialed, so the consumption is less.

As you can see, mass has a lot to do with it. Therefore, manufacturers are trying to lighten the body as much as possible. modern cars, using stronger and lighter materials such as aluminum alloys, carbon fiber, etc.

But as you rightly noted in the TCP, and in the car operation book, there are many different masses. Let's go in order.

Dry vehicle weight

Such a term is rarely used in everyday life, it is mainly used by manufacturers on test benches. “Dry” is the mass of the vehicle, without equipment that is not rigidly attached, as well as without oils (engine and transmission), without fluids (coolant, brake, washer fluid), without fuel, without tools, without passengers and without any cargo . That is, almost a "naked" car.

Weight without load (if completely - the weight of the car in the “curb state” without load) sometimes also the curb weight of the car

There is a designation in the PTS. Without load (but in running order) is the mass of the car, without a driver and passengers, without cargo, but with a full supply of fuel, necessary tools and spare consumables (jack, pump and spare wheel) and fully equipped with liquids. That is, gasoline, and all oils and fluids (coolant, brake, washer fluid) are all there.

Permissible maximum weight (in the TCP specified as permittedmax weight)

This is the maximum allowable weight factory installed- by the manufacturer with the driver and passengers, with cargo, with all liquids, with fuel, with tools, as well as with trailers that affect the mass (trailers, motorhomes).

At this maximum weight, the car retains its technical properties, if you exceed it, then the movement may not be safe. It may just not withstand the suspension. It should be noted that manufacturers take into account the driver and passengers weighing 75 - 80 kg.

These are the masses of the car obtained. I hope my article was helpful to you.