The characteristic of the mass of the car is the primary criterion for fuel consumption and other indicators, which also affects all kinds of car systems. The basic concepts relating to the masses of a vehicle are usually taught in a driving school. However, for many car owners this is a difficult question. In this article we will tell you what is the difference between the total curb weight and what it is; and also find out what is the mass of the payload and the maximum allowable mass.
Interesting fact! The BelAZ 75710 dump truck (Belarus) is considered the machine with the largest mass. Its weight is 810 tons, and its carrying capacity is 450 tons. In 2014, this vehicle carried a load of 503.5 tons and thus set a new Guinness Book record for Europe and the CIS.
What is the curb weight of the car
The curb weight of the vehicle is the weight of the vehicle, which takes into account the weight of standard equipment (spare wheel, tools), the weight of all consumables (fuel, coolant, oil, etc.), but does not take into account the weight of cargo, driver and passengers. In other words, the total value of the masses of all components of an empty vehicle filled to a full tank, which has all standard equipment and the required fluid levels, and means the curb weight of the vehicle.
You can find the figure corresponding to the curb weight of your car in its registration certificate, or among the technical specifications of the model of your particular car.
Note!In many European countries, the weight of the driver (75 kg) is included in the curb weight. Manufacturers are of the opinion that for the movement of the car, the presence of a driver is a necessary condition, and therefore its weight cannot be counted as a payload.
The curb weight is also called the unladen weight, while the total weight of the vehicle is considered to be the weight, which includes the weight of equipment, consumables, as well as the weight of the driver, the weight of passengers and cargo. That is, the difference between the full and curb weights lies in the weight of the driver, passengers and goods carried by the car.
Let us also mention such a concept as dry weight auto. This is the real weight of the machine as a structure, device, mechanism. In other words, this is the total actual weight of the unladen vehicle without any consumable fluids.
Payload weight
Now we will talk about such an important technical and basic operational characteristic of vehicles as carrying capacity, in other words, about the mass of the payload. This is the total weight of the entire load (corresponding to the general technical and operational characteristics of the vehicle) that the vehicle carries. By setting the permissible maximum load on the axle of the rolling stock per meter of track, it is possible to determine the estimated payload mass of the vehicle.
Conventionally, the carrying capacity can be divided into estimated And nominal. If the calculated one takes into account only the permissible weight that the vehicle can carry, then the nominal one also takes into account the quality of the road. On a hard surface, it can range from 0.5 tons (for passenger cars) to more than 28 tons (for dump trucks).
Did you know? In some types of vehicles, a certification plate is attached to the door frame, which contains technical data, including the mass of the maximum permissible load on each axle.
Maximum allowable (gross) weight
If we talk about the permitted maximum mass of the vehicle, then this is the mass of the equipped and extremely loaded vehicle, provided by the developer. The weight of the driver and passengers is also taken into account. Each make and model has its own maximum allowable weight, which depends on the materials used in the production of the car, the body structure and other parts of the car.
Important! It is advisable not to exceed the allowable maximum of this indicator in order to avoid body deformation and problems with the suspension.
The SDA also states that the maximum permitted mass of a road train is the sum of the maximum allowable masses of all vehicles that make up the train. It is also worth mentioning that since 2015 the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has introduced some restrictions for trucks aimed at maintaining the integrity of the roadway. As stated in Decree No. 8669 of October 21: for the transport of divisible goods, the permitted maximum weight of a truck is no more than 40 tons, which applies to public roads.
As you can see, all concepts are extremely simple and understandable. We hope that all of the above will be useful to you and there will be no confusion.
Among the many other requirements that apply directly to freight transport, the prevention of overload is considered one of the most important. Too heavy cars at times accelerate the wear of the roadway. In addition, excess weight often causes certain breakdowns of the vehicle, which, in turn, can create an emergency or, at best, inconvenience to other road users.
The wording "load" refers to the pressure exerted by the mass of the vehicle on the roadbed. At the same time, the rear axles almost always transfer a significantly larger load to the coating. The exception is situations when the vehicle moves empty.
Trucks according to the current classification are divided into two groups. So those that are included in the first (A) are allowed to be driven onto roads from the 1st to the 3rd category inclusive. Vehicles that belong to group B do not have these restrictions.
In the case of road trains, the rules are somewhat different. So, in particular, for trucks:
- equipped with 3 axles, the permitted weight is not more than 28 tons;
- if there are 4 of them, then the norm will be 36 tons;
- with 5 - an indicator of 40 tons;
- 6 - 44 t.
The maximum permissible loads are given in this table:
An important point is that the error in the calculation cannot exceed five percent. Also, do not forget about the general rule - the closer the axes are, the greater the load they transfer to the canvas.
What's new in 2019
The main amendments concerned the rules governing the transportation of goods by road. At the same time, for vehicles equipped with three axles, using highways of the second category for movement, the permissible load was determined in the amount from 21 to 22.5 tons, provided that the following are installed on the machine:
- single wheels;
- air or equivalent suspension.
Weighing trucks is carried out at specialized points located directly on the tracks. Two methods are used here - dynamic and static. The last option involves the arrival of heavy trucks on the scales with a mandatory stop. Distinguished by its maximum accuracy.
The dynamic method allows you to determine the mass of the vehicle directly in the process of its movement. It will be enough for the driver to slow down to 5 kilometers per hour and drive through the weighing platform. The considered option allows you to determine exactly the axial load. It has one drawback - a serious error of about 3 percent.
What is dangerous overload
Exceeding the maximum load value set directly by the manufacturer is strictly prohibited. This requirement has existed since Soviet times. There are no such restrictions for passenger cars - here it is considered a violation to transport too many people.
An overly loaded car is a potentially dangerous object. He, for example, is able to create an emergency situation, because he is not able to drive evenly and at the proper speed. Passing through overpasses and bridges also sometimes ends in failure, because each such object has a limited margin of safety, that is, it is not able to withstand any weight.
A heavy truck accelerates the destruction of the road surface. Sometimes there are separate pits on the tracks, and in some situations so-called ruts - depressions squeezed out in the asphalt by passing trucks.
Extreme axial loads also have another unpleasant property - they accelerate the wear of components and assemblies of the car at times. At the same time, such a truck has a longer braking section.
Load cells
Today, more and more carriers use special sensors that allow real-time determination of the axle load. Devices are mounted on a machine, regardless of its type, but in addition to obvious advantages, they also have a significant drawback - high cost.
The device avoids overloading the machine, which, in turn, ensures an increase in its service life. In addition, the sensor is equipped with a communication module with both GLONASS and GPS satellites, and this helps the dispatcher of the transport company to track the condition of the truck. 
fines
The legislation provides for liability for persons who have allowed overload. The penalty is imposed in accordance with Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code. So, in particular:
- citizens and individual entrepreneurs pay up to 2,000 rubles;
- responsible persons - maximum 15,000;
- enterprises - up to 400 thousand.
At the same time, according to the law, it is allowed to apply punishment not earlier than the weighing of the allegedly overloaded vehicle is carried out.
AXLE LOAD
2019
Annex No. 2 to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road
Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272
PERMISSIBLE LOAD
ON THE AXLE OF A CARGO VEHICLE
Single axle with a distance between closely spaced axles over 2.5 meters
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Note:
Two-axle group (a group of 2 closely spaced axles) with a distance between closely spaced axles up to 1 meter (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Two-axle group (group of 2 closely spaced axles) with a distance between the closely spaced axles over
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Two-axle group (group of 2 closely spaced axles) with a distance between the closely spaced axles over
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Three-axle group (group of 3 close axes) with a distance between close axes up to 1 meter (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Three-axle group (a group of 3 closely spaced axes) with a distance between the closely spaced axes over
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Three-axle group (a group of 3 closely spaced axes) with a distance between the closely spaced axes over
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Contiguous axles with no more than 4 wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of up to 1 meter (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Contiguous axles with no more than 4 wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of more than
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Contiguous axles with no more than 4 wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of more than
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Contiguous axles with 8 or more wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between contiguous axles of up to 1 meter (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Contiguous axles with 8 or more wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of over
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Contiguous axles with 8 or more wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of over
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)
Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Location of vehicle axles
Distance between closely spaced axes (meters)
Permissible load on the axle of a wheeled vehicle depending on the standard (calculated) load on the axle (tons) and the number of wheels on the axle (tons)
for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle
for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle
Single axle (mass per axle)
Two-axle group (the sum of the masses of the axles included in the group of 2 adjacent axles)
up to 1 m (inclusive)
Three-axle group (the sum of the masses of the axles included in the group of 3 closely spaced axles)
up to 1 m (inclusive)
over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)
over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)
over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)
Contiguous axles of vehicles with no more than 4 wheels on each axle (load per axle in a group of 4 axles or more)
up to 1 m (inclusive)
over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)
over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)
over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)
Contiguous axles of vehicles with 8 or more wheels on each axle (load per axle in a group of axles)
up to 1 m (inclusive)
over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)
over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)
over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)
In the event that the owner of the highway establishes the appropriate road signs and posts information on the axial load of the vehicle permissible for the highway on its official website.
For vehicles with axles and axle groups with single wheels, equipped with air suspension or equivalent.
A group of proximate axles is a grouped axles, structurally combined and (or) not combined into a bogie, with a distance to the nearest axle up to 2.5 meters (inclusive).
Mass per axle, or the sum of the masses of the axles included in the axle group.
Notes:
1. Values in brackets are for axles with dual wheels, without brackets - for axles with single wheels.
2. Two-axle and three-axle groups, having in their composition axles with single and double wheels, should be considered as groups of axles, having axles with single wheels.
3. Uneven axle load distribution is allowed for two-axle and three-axle groups, if the actual load on the axle group does not exceed the permissible load on the axle group with single or dual-wheel wheels and the actual load on the most loaded axle in two-axle and three-axle groups does not exceed the permissible axle load of a single axle with single or double wheels, respectively.
4. If there are different values of center distances in axle groups, each distance between axles is assigned a value obtained by arithmetic averaging (the sum of all center distances in the group is divided by the number of center distances in the group).
The center distance, obtained by arithmetic averaging, is assigned to two-axle and three-axle groups to determine the allowable load.
If the vehicle (with or without cargo) exceeds the above maximum permissible axle load, such a vehicle goes into the category of heavy vehicles.
Further operation of such a vehicle and the transportation of goods by it on public roads of the Russian Federation is possible only with a special permit.
A special permit for the movement on public roads of a vehicle carrying heavy loads is issued by the Federal Road Agency "Rosavtodor" and its subordinate institutions.
Since 2012, it has been possible to apply for special permits electronically through the Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services, located on the Internet at www.gosuslugi.ru.
A special permit is issued for one trip or for several trips (no more than ten) of a vehicle along a certain route with a similar cargo having the same characteristics (name, dimensions, weight).
A special permit is issued for up to three months.
The route of the car in excess of the maximum permissible axle load is agreed with the owners of highways and the State Inspectorate for Road Safety.
For issuing one special permit for the movement of a heavy vehicle, a state fee of 1,600 rubles is provided.
For the passage of a car with an excess of the maximum permissible axle load on public roads, a fee is also provided for compensation for damage caused to roads.
The amount of the fee is calculated for each application individually when issuing a special permit in accordance with the methodology and provisions of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 16, 2009 No. 934 “On compensation for damage caused by vehicles transporting heavy loads on the roads of the Russian Federation”.
Responsibility for violation of the rules for the movement of a heavy vehicle is provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
Responsibility for exceeding the maximum permissible load on the vehicle axle is borne by all persons guilty of committing the specified offense: the driver, officials responsible for transportation, an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity.
In case of fixing an administrative offense by special technical means operating in automatic mode, having the functions of photography and filming, video recording, an administrative fine is imposed on the owner (owner) of the vehicle.
Depending on the amount of exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axle of the car, measured as a percentage, the amount of responsibility of the perpetrators also changes.
The greater the amount of exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axle of the car, the greater the amount of the fine imposed on the perpetrators.
Maximum permissible dimensions
Permissible maximum weight
car / vehicle
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY
for violation of the rules of the movement of heavy vehicles
Article 12.21.1 part 1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle with an excess of the permissible axle load of the vehicle by 2 to 10 percent without a special permit, or with an excess of the permitted axle load of the vehicle specified in a special permit by 2 to 10 percent
Article 12.21.1 part 2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the permissible axle load by more than 10 but not more than 20 percent without a special permit
Article 12.21.1 part 3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the permissible axle load by more than 20, but not more than 50 percent, without a special permit
Article 12.21.1 part 4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the maximum allowable axle load specified in the special permit by more than 10 but not more than 20 percent
Article 12.21.1 part 5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the maximum permissible axle load specified in the special permit by more than 20 but not more than 50 percent
Article 12.21.1 part 6 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the permitted vehicle axle load by more than 50 percent without a special permit, or exceeding the maximum permissible vehicle axle load specified in a special permit by more than 50 percent
Article 12.21.1 part 8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Provision by the consignor of false information about the weight or dimensions of the cargo in the documents for the transported cargo or failure to indicate in the consignment note when transporting bulky or heavy cargoes information about the number, date or validity period of a special permit or about the route of transportation of such cargo, if this resulted in a violation provided for in part 1 , 2 or 4 of this article
Article 12.21.1 part 9 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Provision by the consignor of false information about the mass or dimensions of the cargo in the documents for the transported cargo or failure to indicate in the consignment note when transporting bulky or heavy cargoes information about the number, date or validity period of a special permit or about the route of transportation of such cargo, if this resulted in a violation provided for in part 3 , 5 or 6 of this article
Article 12.21.1 part 10 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Exceeding the permitted load on the vehicle axle, or exceeding the maximum permissible load on the vehicle axle, specified in a special permit, by legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who loaded the cargo into the vehicle
Article 12.21.1 part 11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Failure to comply with the requirements prescribed by road signs prohibiting the movement of cars, the total actual mass of which exceeds those indicated on the road sign, if the movement of such cars is carried out without special permission
Punishment:
a fine of 5000 rubles
Note:
For administrative offenses provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity bear administrative responsibility as legal entities
New rules for heavy cargo transportation
Significant innovations have been from July 1, 2015 all Russian and foreign transport companies, which is due to changes in payment for the transportation of oversized cargo on federal roads by road for 2019. Now the transportation of heavy cargo on public highways is carried out only if a number of conditions are met, which are strictly stipulated by existing legislation.
The amount of such payment for the transportation of heavy and oversized cargo on federal highways is calculated taking into account:
- the absolute mass of a heavy vehicle;
- distance between vehicle axles;
- the length of the entire route along which the cargo follows.
It should be noted that the amount of the fee for the transportation of oversized cargo must be reported to the carrier no later than 3 days before the final agreement on the route of transportation.
The procedure for the movement of such goods on the roads of federal subordination of the Russian Federation is determined by a special Instruction. At the same time, the payers of this toll are domestic and foreign users or owners of vehicles that directly carry out the transportation of heavy goods. The passage of vehicles of the above category on federal roads should be carried out only with special permits issued by authorized departments of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.
The distribution of cargo on the vehicle is carried out in such a way that the total mass of the vehicle with such cargo does not exceed the norm established by existing instructions and applications.
Online axial load calculator
Quick and easy calculation of heavy cargo charges
Before buying a heavy-duty transport, its owner has a desire to find out the costs of operating this transport, provided it is fully loaded. Specially, to solve this issue, our specialists created ONLINE CALCULATOR
After registering in which, you will be able to calculate the axle load limit, as well as the future costs of operating the vehicle, when it travels on public roads.
Permissible vehicle weights
Type of vehicle or combination of vehicles
funds, number and location of axles
Permissible weight
vehicle, tons
Heavy vehicles are one of the most common causes of road damage. That is why on the territory of the Russian Federation there are special rules for the passage of heavy trucks, which also apply to the weight of a loaded vehicle.
solve exactly your problem
It's fast and FOR FREE!
For overloading vehicles, the Code of Administrative Offenses provides for penalties. What weight of a truck is allowed by the regulations? What is considered an overload and what is the penalty for overloading a vehicle, read on.
What is the allowed weight of trucks
Control over heavy trucks in the Russian Federation is carried out by the State traffic inspectorate in accordance with the following regulations:
- Federal Law No. 257;
- Government Decree No. 272.
Documents established:
- permissible masses of trucks with or without trailers;
- maximum permissible loads on the axle of vehicles;
- permitted overloads;
- rules for the transportation of goods that exceed the permissible norms.
So, checking the weight of trucks is carried out according to two parameters:
- allowable weight;
- truck axle load.
Permissible weight is a parameter that is set by the vehicle manufacturer (indicated in the vehicle's passport).
Permissible axle load of a truck in Russia 2019
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the Approval of the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road”, the act was issued on April 15, 2011, number 272. Its last revision is dated December 22, 2016. The Code of Administrative Offenses, part one, the act was issued on December 30, 2001, under the number 195-ФЗ Order of the Ministry of Transport “ On Approval of the Rules for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road, the act was issued on August 8, 1995 under the number 73, and its last revision was dated October 14, 1999
In conclusion, it should be noted that all persons involved in the operation of the truck must control the compliance with the permissible and actual load on the axle of the truck.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the legislator entails the application of an administrative penalty.
It is expressed in the imposition of a large fine.
It is impossible to get a fine for overload, conflicts and deception of customers are excluded;
- the driver or dispatcher from any place in the world can control the weight of the goods in the car, the sensor is connected to GPS and GLONASS systems and transmits information in real time.
What is the possible overload
Article 29 of Federal Law No. 275 establishes that drivers do not have the right to use a vehicle if its axle load exceeds the permissible one by 2% (taking into account the error). The exception is cars that belong to the Armed Forces, which is confirmed by documents.
The law also establishes that if the goods weigh more than 20 tons, or they are longer than 20 meters and wider than 2.55 meters, and the height reaches 4 meters, the owner is obliged to obtain an additional agreement for the carriage of goods.
If the dimensions of the goods exceed 24 meters in length and 3.5 meters in width, the truck must travel with a coating machine, which is equipped with an orange or yellow warning sign.
Responsibility for violations
Penalties depend on the type of cargo the driver is carrying, such as hazardous, poisonous, bulky, etc.
All types of administrative penalties are prescribed in article 12.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses.
3 penalties are considered standard:
For some loads and large weights, permits are required, of which there are also several types, and a separate fine is required for the absence of each. There are situations when the cargo according to the documents and according to the weights do not match.
The inspector has no right to issue a fine if there was no control weighing.
A specialist can determine the overload by eye, but it will not work to prove it.
If an excess is found at the weighing point, a fine is issued to the person who operates the car. It can be the owner, representative or tenant.
Permissible axle load of a truck in Russia 2019 latest news
The process is fraught with a certain kind of negative consequences.
For example, a load that exceeds the allowable rate is capable of transferring significant pressure to the axle, which may not withstand it.
These include:
- the occurrence of an emergency due to the unstable movement of an overloaded vehicle;
- destruction of the roadway;
- an increase in the length of the braking distance of a car with a load, which entails an increase in the emergency;
- driving an overloaded car becomes much more difficult when ice sets in, the asphalt pavement becomes wet;
- loss of control of a loaded car during its sudden braking, due to skidding of its rear part;
- overturning of a car with a load due to a violation of its stability due to improper distribution of the load or its fastening;
- increased wear and tear of the truck;
- the failure of its parts due to the impact of the load is large compared to the permissible norm.
Video: restrictions
Important nuances
At its core, a truck is a machine, that is, a motor vehicle. Its main purpose is to perform a given function by making certain movements to transport cargo of various weights and dimensions.
It moves along the communication lines without rails, which is part of the transport infrastructure facilities.
The wording "highway" in accordance with the provisions of Federal Law No. 196-FZ means an engineering structure.
It adapts to the movement of vehicles, regardless of their category.
The highway includes:
Indicators Description Structural elements roadbed, pavement, parts that are a technological part, special lanes dividing it into certain carriageways and tramways, sidewalks intended for pedestrians Protective road structures landscaping tools, devices that protect the road from snow avalanches, noise and wind Artificial road structures bridges, aqueducts, tunnels, overpasses, pipelines Separate details of the arrangement road safety signs, fences, traffic lights, traffic control devices, special devices that perform the functions of photography and filming, video recorders that record violations of traffic rules
A large number of people are involved in traffic, such as drivers of trucks and cars, ordinary citizens represented by passers-by, traffic police officers. Any person participating in the traffic formed on the highway can become the culprit of a traffic accident.
Each of them is endowed with certain duties that they must perform.
They are obliged to comply with the rules that allow driving on the road without creating threats and possible risks on it, danger to other people.
In accordance with the standards, the load from the mass of the vehicle itself and the load must be distributed proportionally to the front and rear axles. For example, the front axle of a dual-base vehicle should carry one-third of the mass, and the rear axle two-thirds.
A ban is imposed on the operation of a truck if its mass or axle load exceeds the permissible load by 2%.
Permissible axle load of a truck in Russia 2019 table
In this situation, a measure of influence is applied in the form of a penalty on certain persons, which is noted in part 1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, namely in article 12.21.1.
Its size, depending on the numerical indicator of exceeding the permissible load, is for:
When transporting dangerous goods, a special permit is required. It is issued by the relevant department of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, as emphasized in Order No. 273.
In addition, lighting devices should be additionally installed on it in front and behind if the cargo is transported at night or fog forms in the environment.
Each truck driver, in accordance with the instructions of the SDA regulation, must install a special sign.
The measure is carried out if the dimensions of the transported cargo protrude from the front or back by 1 meter or more, and on the sides - 40 cm.
What is regulated
Issues regarding the ownership and operation of trucks are regulated by a number of legislative by-laws.
These include:
Indicators Description The federal law "On highways and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation" was issued on November 8, 2007 under the number 257-FZ.
Maximum axle load of a truck in Russia 2019
Values in brackets are for dual wheels, without brackets - for single wheels.
2. Axles with single and double wheels, combined in a group of close axles, should be considered as close axles with single wheels.
For tandem and triple axles structurally integrated into a common bogie, the allowable axle load is determined by dividing the total allowable bogie load by the corresponding number of axles.
4. An uneven distribution of the load along the axles for two-axle and three-axle bogies is allowed, if the total load on the bogie does not exceed the permissible one, and the load on the most loaded axle does not exceed the permissible axial load of the corresponding (single or dual) single axle.
How to calculate load
Axle load refers to the load from the mass of the vehicle, transmitted to the plane through its wheels.
Consideration should be given to its significant unevenness on the front and rear (rear) axles of the truck.
Any calculation will be approximate, since it is impossible to scrupulously take into account all the parameters.
Approximate calculation sequence for a common model tractor + trailer:
- As well as for the trailer, we take it as 75% of the value obtained. The resulting value is divided by the number of rear axles of the tractor.
We define the load on the front axle as 25%. As a result, the values for all axles of the tractor and trailer are obtained. You should be guided to any maximum value, it is precisely this that is taken into account at weight posts.
There are calculators on the Internet that allow you to make calculations automatically.
Permissible load on the axle of a truck in Russia 2019
The carrying capacity is about 20 tons;
- container ships are vehicles designed to carry containers;
- tanker trucks are machines that can be used to transport bulk and liquid cargo;
- car carriers are used to move other cars;
- grain carriers are used to transport grain crops;
- dump trucks are used to transport bulk cargo.
In front of some bridges or on some roads, you can see signs 3.12 prohibiting the movement of vehicles whose mass on one of the axles exceeds that indicated on the sign.
If the mass is higher, the driver must find another route. If the citizen continues to move, he will automatically be fined.
The axle load depends on the type of spread and the distance between the axles.
Its main purpose is to ensure the safety of themselves and those in contact with them.
If the state of health does not meet the requirements, then they are removed from the performance of functional duties.
In accordance with the norms of the Federal Law, individuals who meet certain requirements are allowed to drive a truck.
These include:
- Possession of Russian citizenship.
- Reaching adulthood.
- Acquisition of capacity.
- The name of the driver's license.
- Recognition of fitness to drive a truck for physical health reasons.
- The presence of registration at the place of residence.
Every person driving a truck must be held civilly responsible for his acts and omissions while driving. He must possess both theoretical knowledge on the device of a technical device and practical skills and abilities to drive it.
As for a legal entity, it must be registered with state bodies - the Unified Register of Legal Entities and the Federal Tax Service.
The measure makes it possible to establish its organizational and legal form and the status of a tax resident of the Russian state.
Where is checked
Checking the compliance of the permissible load with the conditions of safe driving is carried out by weighing at the checkpoint. The cargo transportation control procedure allows you to set the real mass that acts on the axle.
Ways to control the weight of the transported cargo:
Indicators Description Dynamic weighing The vehicle must be moved at a speed not exceeding 5 km / h on the scales installed on the road.
They are able to accurately determine the weight of the car, including the weight of each axle with a small margin of error.
This method allows you to more accurately determine the parameters under study.
What overload is allowed, including on the axle
In accordance with Article 29, paragraph 2 of Federal Law No. 275, drivers are prohibited from operating a vehicle if the vehicle mass or axle load exceeds the norm by more than 2%.
An exception to this rule are any types of vehicles belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
How is it calculated
In order not to receive an administrative penalty before transporting goods, it is recommended to calculate the mass of the car and the load on each axle of the car.
The mass of vehicles and the axle load are interconnected by the following relationship:
Vehicle weight = front axle load + axle load 2 + …+ axle load N
For example, for a GAZ 3302 car with two axles, this ratio has the following form:
3200 (maximum or gross vehicle weight) = 1200 (front axle load) + 2300 (rear axle load).
If the calculation is made for a road train consisting of a tractor and a trailer, then the following instructions should be followed to determine the parameters:
- in accordance with the passport data, we determine the mass of the car and the mass of the trailer;
- we will find out from the supplier the actual weight of the cargo. This parameter must be reflected in the invoice;
- the load between the tractor and the trailer is usually distributed according to 25% to 75% respectively.
From here you can calculate the load on the trailer, which is equal to 0.75 * (trailer mass + cargo mass); - according to the rules, the load on the trailer is distributed evenly on each axle. Knowing the mass of the trailer with a load and the number of axles, it is possible to determine what load applies to each axle (weight of the trailer with a load / number of axles);
At such types of weight control posts, the movement of equipment from place to place is prohibited;
- at mobile posts equipped on the basis of a cargo van. Mobile posts may, in accordance with the regulations, change their location.
Weight control can be carried out in two ways:
- dynamic. The vehicle moves in a certain place equipped with special sensors at a speed of no more than 5 km/h.
With this method of determining the parameters of mass and axial load, the measurement error can be up to 3%;
Among the many other requirements that apply directly to freight transport, the prevention of overload is considered one of the most important. Too heavy cars at times accelerate the wear of the roadway.
In addition, excess weight often causes certain breakdowns of the vehicle, which, in turn, can create an emergency or, at best, inconvenience to other road users.
What is the permitted axle load of a truck in 2019, you will learn from the table in this article. We will also talk about a number of important nuances related to this issue.
Trucks, in accordance with the norms of the current federal law, may be allowed to traffic without a special permit, unless their weight exceeds 44 tons.
In 2015, these changes were made to the current rules governing the use of freight transport.
The loads falling on both the rear and front axles of the car are clearly regulated. Exceeding the limit is a punishable act.
The wording "load" refers to the pressure exerted by the mass of the vehicle on the roadbed. At the same time, the rear axles almost always transfer a significantly larger load to the coating.
Trucks according to the current classification are divided into two groups. So those that are included in the first (A) are allowed to be driven onto roads from the 1st to the 3rd category inclusive.
The general weight limits for machines are listed here:
In the case of road trains, the rules are somewhat different.
up to 1.3 (inclusive)
from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Contiguous axles of trucks, tractors, truck tractors, trailers and semi-trailers, with more than three axles at a distance between axles (one axle load)
up to 1 (inclusive)
from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Contiguous axles of vehicles with eight or more wheels on each axle (load per axle)
up to 1 (inclusive)
from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Table note:
General concepts
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In 2013, the legislator introduced new types of categories and subcategories, which was dictated by the emergence of new types of vehicles in the country. To date, according to the norms of legislative acts, there are ten categories and six subcategories of vehicles.
They are subdivided according to a certain type, which has its own characteristics and distinctive features.
What it is
The expression "truck" means a technical means intended for the transportation of cargo. It is transported in a body or on a specially equipped platform.
Its permitted weight must be commensurate with the sum of the load on the front and rear axles.
If the mass of the truck, together with the mass of the cargo, is more than 80 tons, then the traffic police draw up a specific route for the movement of vehicles, taking into account the admissibility of passing through certain sections (including bridges) of the route.
The second parameter - axle load is the load that is transferred to the road by the wheels of one axle of the vehicle.
The load on the rear axle in all cases is greater than the load on the front axle, since most trucks have a cargo compartment at the back, and only the engine and other auto components are located in front.
To control the axle load of the vehicle, the concept of "maximum axle load" was introduced, which means the load from the largest axle of the vehicle.
The maximum axle load is the basis for the introduction of restrictions on the passage of certain types of vehicles on the roads.
These restrictions are indicated by appropriate road signs, for example, when a 5t limit is introduced on an axle, the following sign is displayed:
Permissible axial loads are specified in Appendix 2 to Government Decree No. 272:
Note:
- for single wheels, the parameter is indicated without brackets;
- for dual wheels, the parameter is indicated in brackets;
- "*" is acceptable if there are appropriate road signs and information on official Internet resources;
- "**" for vehicles that are equipped with air suspension or equivalent.
By whom and where is it checked
Checking the mass of the truck and the axle load is carried out by the traffic police inspector:
- at stationary posts that are installed in certain places (as a rule, at the exit or entrance to the settlement).
The article was written based on materials from the sites: proekt-007.ru, www.sespel.com, nordconsulting.ru.
An overloaded car, both a passenger car and a truck, is a great danger to the driver and other road users. In addition, it creates an increased load on the roadway, which suffers in any case. How to calculate the overload, and what are the fines for driving with violations today? Each driver must understand his responsibility and know what threatens him.
Permissible weight of vehicles
In the summer of 2015, amendments to the relevant acts on the carriage of goods on Russian roads came into force. Based on this document, new norms for the permissible mass of vehicles have been introduced.
For example, the maximum weight of a car that has the right to drive on the road without additional permission is 44 tons. This is the ultimate maximum.
For passenger cars, such standards, of course, do not exist. But does this mean that you can overload your car and drive with impunity? The limit still exists. It is concluded that it is forbidden to carry a large number of passengers. This is punishable by an appropriate fine.
For commercial vehicles, the axle load rule applies. This is the most important point in the calculations. In order to understand exactly how the load is calculated, you need to understand the simplest concepts.
So, all cars are divided into two classes:
- "A" - operated on the tracks of three categories: the first, second and third, respectively.
- "B" - carried out movement on any road.
The allowed values are listed below.
First of all, for cars:
- with two axles - 18 tons;
- with three axles - 25 tons;
- with four axles - 32 tons;
- with five axles - 35 tons.
As for road trains, other standards are established for them:
- with three axles - 28 tons;
- with four axles - 36 tons;
- with five axles - 40 tons;
- with six axles or more - 44 tons.
How to calculate?
The load is calculated using a complex formula. You also need to consider the maximum weight for roads of a certain category. The load of a truck is distributed as follows: on the front axle it is less, on the rear (or rear) it is much higher.
When a car drives into the scale at the checkpoint, the control officer uses a special reference book, which contains a huge number of types of vehicles and describes the detailed load on their axles. Let's look at a few examples and determine how it adds up to each axis.
Cargo "GAZelle" has two axles: front and rear. The total weight of the car is added up according to the formula:
M TS \u003d N PO + N ZO, where:
It would seem that everything is simple, but for other vehicles it is not always possible to apply this formula. Three-axle vehicles with two combined axles need to be calculated differently. For example, let's take the car "Kamaz" -53215. The calculation is already carried out according to the formula:
M TS \u003d N PO + N t, where:
- M TC is the mass of the vehicle;
Table
Consider the table of permissible loads. Please note that the rates are given for each axle.
The calculation should be made as accurately as possible, since the error can be no more than 5%. The closer the axles are to each other, the stronger the pressure on the roadway. This explains the dependence on distance.
Legislative restrictions in other countries
When sending a loaded car outside of Russia or for goods, it is important to study the legislation in order to avoid fines that can significantly affect the budget.
Below is a table with which you can determine the total permissible weight of vehicles in some countries.
| Countries/car | biaxial | triaxial | four-axle | trailer 2 axles | trailer in 3 axles | road train in 4 axles | road train with 5 and 6 axles | road train truck 3 axles | road train 4 axles |
| Poland | 19 | 26 | 30 | 18 | 24 | 37 | 40 | 29 | 38 |
| Germany | 17 | 24 | 32 | 18 | 24 | 35 | 40 | 27 | 35 |
| France | 19 | 26 | 26 | 19 | 24 | 38 | 40 | — | 38 |
| Belgium | 19 | 28 | 32 | 20 | 30 | 38 | 44 | 29 | 39 |
| Spain | 20 | 26 | 26 | 20 | 26 | 38 | 38 | — | 38 |
| Belarus | 20 | 25 | 26 | 20 | 26 | 36 | 44 | — | 38 |
| Kazakhstan | 18 | 25 | 32 | 18 | 24 | 32 | 44 | 28 | 38 |
Transport companies carefully study the information and laws of other countries and insure those who apply to them.
Statistical and dynamic weighing
At special points located on the highway, a control weighing takes place in order to determine whether the car is overloaded and what is the load on the axle.
Weigh it in two ways:
- in static;
- in dynamics.
Both of these methods are used today, let's find out what is their difference. So, weighing in statics happens like this: the car drives into the scales and stops. This method determines the exact weight of the vehicle at the moment.
Weighing in dynamics occurs when the vehicle is moving slowly. This method is necessary to determine the load on each axle. The car moves on the scales at a speed not exceeding 5 km/h.
The only disadvantage of this method is the error, which you definitely need to know about. The maximum it can be 3%.
All scales used today at weighing points are predominantly electronic. Entrance to them is made using a ramp. Not always two types of scales are installed at the same post.
Responsibility for overload
Undoubtedly, all citizens who have cars know that there is a liability for overloading. Most often this is faced by truck drivers. For the most part, owners of passenger vehicles do not think about overloading at all.
The maximum allowable weight of a car, if you do not take into account the load on the axles, is set even before the car leaves the assembly line. Each document on the vehicle has a line regarding this moment.
The manufacturer himself knows how much load the car can withstand. This is influenced by many factors: from the parts used in production to the distance between the axles.
What causes overload?
Responsibility for overload is a very serious matter. Such actions sometimes lead to serious consequences, among them:
- Creation of an emergency. An overloaded car moves along the road unsteadily. In addition, the load creates pressure on the axle, which at one moment may not withstand.
- Destruction of the roadway. It's hard to argue with this, but overloaded cars really break up roads. Pits on them are a huge problem for the country, fines are not always able to cover the damage.
- Parts of the car and its parts quickly become unusable, the vehicle itself becomes obsolete and breaks down.
- If the car is overloaded, then the braking distance will be longer, which will create an additional risk of an emergency.
These are not all factors on the basis of which drivers can be severely fined.
Freight car
Truck drivers also need to remember how to properly transport certain types of cargo:
- large;
- dangerous and others.
Penalties for violation are provided for in Article 12.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. They are divided into three types:
- for an individual - 1500-2000 rubles;
- for an official - up to 15,000 rubles;
- for a legal entity - up to 400,000 rubles.
In some cases, when transporting goods, a transport permit may be required. If not, then you will also be fined.
In some situations, when documents are drawn up for the cargo, and the weight does not match what is presented in the papers, an additional inspector may impose a fine of 5,000 rubles. For companies, it will increase at least 50 times.
The traffic police inspector does not have the right to issue a fine if the control weighing has not taken place. Overload can be determined by eye, but it cannot be proved in any way.
A car
In the Code of Administrative Offenses, there is not a word about reloading light vehicles. Nobody weighs them on the road. In this case, the inspector may find another reason to issue a fine.
Those who load a passenger car to the eyeballs know how this affects handling, skidding and wear of parts. Most often, drivers of passenger cars are fined for improper transportation of passengers. They can be placed exactly as much as was approved in the documents.
The penalties are as follows:
- warning;
- 500 rubles for violation of the rules of transportation;
- 1000 rubles for not wearing a seat belt.
So, overloading a car is a serious violation for which liability is provided. Before you go on the road, study the rules well. If transport companies take full responsibility for themselves, then a private driver will have to answer for everything on their own.
An overloaded car, whether a car or a truck, poses a significant threat to all road users. First, because the car itself is moving unstably. Secondly, a large load on the axle can lead to its sudden failure. Thirdly, the braking distance of such a car is longer, which can lead to an accident. In addition, exceeding the permissible weight leads to the destruction of the roadway and bridge structures. And there is an administrative fine for overloading.
Therefore, in this article we will talk about the norms for the maximum permissible load on the axle of a truck and how to determine it.
Axle load calculation truck
The process of cargo transportation is regulated by regulatory legal acts. Among which are the Federal Law on highways No. 257-FZ of 08.11.2007. In accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 31 of which a permit must be obtained for the movement of vehicles on the roads with an excess of the total permissible weight or axle load by more than 2%. An exception is made only for vehicles of the Russian Armed Forces.
When obtaining a permit, the owner of the car must:
Agree a route.
Compensate for damage to the road surface.
If the overload is less than 10%, a simplified issuance procedure is used, which takes only 1 day.
In addition, passage on bridges and road sections is sometimes limited by special signs indicating the maximum value of the weight of a truck or load on its axle. This may be due to the load capacity of the structure or its condition.
trucks in RussiaThe Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on the rules for the carriage of goods by road established the permissible maximum weight of vehicles in tons.
The second characteristic established by this normative act is the permissible load. It is determined depending on the type of road, the type of wheels and the distance between closely spaced axles.
For example, the table of maximum permitted loads on the axles of trucks for single wheels is as follows.
The values in the table are given for each axis. The calculation of the mass must be made as accurately as possible, since the permissible error is not more than 5%.
How to calculate load
So, there are two restrictions on travel:
By car weight.
By axle load.
Let's calculate the weight of the car. There is a ratio for a two-axle car (for example, the Gazelle brand):
Ma=Np+Nz,
where, Ma is the weight of the truck.
Np is the load on the front axle.
Nz - a similar parameter for the rear axle.
This simple calculation formula relates the load on the axles of a truck and its mass.
For vehicles with three axles, the rear and middle axles of which are combined into a bogie (for example, Kamaz 53215), this dependence has the following form:
Ma=Np+Nt,
The load for the rear bogie and axle is usually greater. Since it is there that the transported goods are located. And the weight pressing on the front axle is determined only by the mass of the cabin and the power unit.
Knowing the load, having the weight of the load, machine and trailer is more difficult. And this calculation will have a very approximate form.
We take in the certificates of registration the mass of the car (Ma) and the trailer (Mp). For example, let's take Ma=6 t, Mn= 11 t.
Find out the actual weight of the cargo (Mg). Let's take Mg \u003d 19 tons.
The most common load ratio: 0.75 for a trailer, 0.25 for a tractor. Then the load on the trailer: Np=0.75*(Mp+Mg)=22.5.
It is assumed that the load is evenly distributed in the trailer. And the load on one axle (No) is equal to Np / number of axles = 22.5 / 3 = 7.5 tons per axle.
Similarly, we consider the load on the axles of the machine. They account for the remaining 0.25 weight. That is, (Mn + Mg) * 0.25 + Ma \u003d (11 + 19) * 0.25 + 6 \u003d 13.5 tons.
The load on the rear axles of the car will be equal to 0.75 of the load on the truck. That is, 13.5 * 0.75 / 2 = 5.06.
And the load on the front axle is what is left of the total load on the car. 13.5–5.06*2=3.37.
The result is the following approximate picture of the weight distribution 3.37 + 5.06 + 5.06 + 7.5 + 7.5 + 7.5.
Actual values may vary. Often the load on the axles is uneven. This is usually due to the following reasons:
Semi-trailer suspension failure.
Trailer deflection under load.
Non-horizontal semi-trailer platform.
Structural features of the suspension.
How to determine axle load truck
Weighting is an easy way to determine both the total weight and the value for each individual axle. There are two methods:
Dynamic. For weighing, a truck at a speed of not more than 5 km / h passes through the axle truck scales. They will record the weight of each axle, and then determine the weight of the car itself. This is a fairly simple and convenient method, but its error ranges from 0.5 to 3%. Which - as you can see at the limit of exceeding the maximum permissible axle load of a truck by 2% - is too much.
Static. The car enters and stops on the weighing platform, on which load cells are installed. Their use allows to achieve very high weighing accuracy - 0.01%.
You can also buy a tractor equipped with a monitoring system and a trailer compatible with it. This is a fairly convenient way to always be aware of the load level of your car, but very expensive.
You can mount pressure gauges in the air spring line, and monitor the readings during loading operations. In order not to suffer with the determination of which value of the pressure gauge scale corresponds to which weight, special sensors can be installed. But this requires not only the cost of money when buying all the elements of the system, but also significant efforts to debug it.
Overload penalties
Mostly truck drivers are worried about this type of administrative punishment. Since passenger cars have restrictions only on the number of passengers carried. The penalty for exceeding the load is divided into three types depending on the level of responsibility of the persons:
For individuals 1.5–2 thousand rubles.
For officials - the amount is already higher than 15 thousand rubles.
And even higher for legal entities - 400 thousand rubles.
If, if more than 2% is exceeded, there is no permission for transportation, then a fine is also issued. Yes, and when the weight of the cargo does not match what is written in the accompanying papers, an individual can recover the amount of 5 thousand rubles. For the company, the amount of the penalty is at least 50 times higher. True, without a control weighing, the inspector does not have the right to issue a fine.
Transportation by road today is, perhaps, the most demanded in the segment of cargo transportation. Reasons: comparative accessibility and prevalence of road infrastructure compared to rail lines or air links. Long-distance road transport is carried out both within the same state and between neighboring countries that have common land borders. In order for a vehicle to be able to freely follow the highways of any state without violating traffic rules, the permissible cargo dimensions for road transport are agreed and established at the international level.
Uniform general norms of transportation
Unified weight and size norms are fixed in mutual agreements of international organizations, duplicated and specified by the legislation of individual countries. Such a complex regulation has its goals:
- creation of unified conditions for road transportation;
- ensuring road safety in all its sections;
- guaranteeing the safety of goods and the timeliness of delivery.
Maximum automotive standards in Europe
The maximum allowable dimensions and weight of cargo for through and closed road transport are regulated by both national legislation and international multilateral agreements - conventions and directives. The requirements for such parameters are set rigidly and unambiguously, since, as stated in EU Directive No. 96/53, “differences between the current standards regarding the weight and dimensions of commercial vehicles can have a negative effect on competition and act as an obstacle to transportation between Member States of the European Union".
Exact information on the maximum weight and dimensions of vehicles adopted in the countries of the European Community is given in the annexes to the directive:
Rationing of cargo vehicles in the Russian Federation
As for the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 257 “On Automobile Roads and Road Activities” is in force here, as well as Government Decree No. No. 272. Paragraph 2 of this by-law establishes that the carriage of goods by road in international traffic through the territory of Russia is carried out in accordance with international treaties and Russian laws. Of greatest interest are the 1st and 3rd annexes concerning the permitted mass and maximum dimensions of the cargo.
Thus, Annex 1 establishes the permissible masses depending on the type of vehicle, the combination of loading platforms and the number of axles. In the table below, the weight limits are given in tons:
Appendix 3 is dedicated to the size limits:
It follows that the heaviest and largest truck that is allowed to roll out onto domestic roads, in any case, should not weigh more than 44 tons and have a length of more than 20, and a height of more than 4 meters. Otherwise, there is an oversized cargo.
Features of transportation of oversized cargo
Oversized cargo is such cargo, the weight and size characteristics of which are beyond the permitted. Transportation of goods exceeding the established dimensions is, in principle, permissible, but must be carried out in compliance with a number of special conditions provided for in clause 23 of the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation. So, if the load protrudes from the back by more than 1 meter, and from the side by more than 40 cm, it is marked with identification signs "Oversized cargo", as well as lights and reflectors in white (front) and red (rear) colors.
The movement of oversized cargo protruding from the rear by more than 2 meters and exceeding 4 meters in height, as well as road trains, is carried out according to special rules established by government regulations and order of the Ministry of Transport of 2012 No. 258:
- the route of movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized transporter is agreed in advance;
- special permits for the transportation of oversized items on federal public highways are issued by an authorized body, namely the Federal Highway Agency;
- movement along the route is carried out accompanied by patrol cars of the traffic police or military traffic police;
- if, after passing the oversized gauge, the roadbed or other elements of the road infrastructure were damaged, the owner of the vehicle is obliged to compensate for the damage caused.
Exceeding the weight and dimensions when transporting goods while ignoring specially established rules is a violation of traffic rules and entails administrative liability.
Responsibility for violation of weight and size requirements
For violation of the requirements of traffic rules established by Russian law for the dimensions of the transported cargo, legal liability is provided, in particular, administrative. Violators are subject to administrative sanctions. Which? Fine or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for a certain period. For a detailed acquaintance with the size of administrative penalties for transported oversized cargo, see Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. It should be borne in mind that when an administrative case is initiated, an oversized transporter automatically enters the arrest site along with the goods being transported. And the delay causes additional expenses.
conclusions
From a comparative analysis of the requirements for the dimensions and weight of transported goods, it can be seen that, in general, for the European Community and the Russian Federation, these parameters coincide. The mass of a saddle or trailer road train with 6 or more axles cannot exceed 40 tons for Europe and 44 tons for Russia. The maximum height for all types of transport, both with us and with them, is 4 m. The maximum width is 2.55 meters, for refrigerators - 2.6. Truck standards are the same for most countries, which is quite reasonable given the purpose of such regulation.
