How to check the internal vase grenade. Important points when replacing

Equal Hinge angular velocities, or popularly "grenade", is integral part transmission front wheel drive car. Its main role is the continuous transmission of rotation from the gearbox to the wheels at different angles. Despite the same principle of operation of all CV joints, various models cars they are different design features. Besides different conditions operation cause differences in the device of the external and internal CV joints.

The device of the internal CV joint

The inner CV joint is designed to transmit torque from the transmission to the outer CV joint. It differs from the external one in size (in a big way) and cost, although it consists of the same parts:

1. Cases in the form of a bowl with a driven shaft.
2. The inner cage is a spherical fist with a drive shaft.
3. Separator in the form of a ring with holes to hold the balls.
4. metal balls.

The roller version of the hinge is characterized by the presence of a support, which, with the help of three rollers, moves along the tracks cut in the inner part of the body. The balls or rollers are in the grooves of the body and are held by the holder, which is connected to the drive shaft spline connection. When changing the angle of the drive and driven shafts, the balls move along the grooves, continuously transmitting force.

Symptoms

The work of the SHRUS is always associated with the impact of huge loads. Despite the use of high-strength materials in the design of the assembly, it is sometimes capable of failing. The following reasons contribute to this:

1. The use of poor quality materials in the manufacture of assembly parts, the use of counterfeit or defective spare parts.
2. Lack of lubricant inside the mechanism or its poor quality.
3. Ingress of water or abrasive debris into the mechanism due to damage to the anther.
4. Excessive load on the mechanism due to unsatisfactory road surface conditions or aggressive driving style.
5. Long-term operation, during which the resource of parts is developed.

A malfunction of the internal CV joint manifests itself in the following symptoms:

1. A characteristic crunch when hitting obstacles, starting off or sharp acceleration.
2. Jerks and vibration during acceleration.
3. Play in the joints of the hinge when the wheel is suspended.

How to check the internal CV joint

The breakdown of any part of the car is associated with a change in its size, physical properties or the appearance of wear on the rubbing parts. A CV joint is a swivel joint in which the elements of the mechanism are in close contact and are under constant load. Over time, in the places of interaction of parts, a development is formed and the gap increases, which manifests itself in an increase in the characteristic “crunch” during sharp acceleration or overcoming obstacles.

Unlike the outer CV joint, which is easy to check when driving at the maximum angle of rotation, the inner CV joint is rarely in a state of maximum curvature. You can verify the serviceability or breakdown of the assembly when hanging the wheel. To do this, on the lift with the engine running, turn on the first gear so that the wheels rotate slowly. If at the same time a crunch is heard from the faulty part, and when exposed to the shaft, play is felt, then the CV joint is faulty.

What lubricant to use for CV joints

The main tasks of lubricants used in CV joints are friction protection and prevention of corrosion development. Also, the lubricant must be inert with respect to polymer anthers, which prevent moisture and debris from entering the mechanism. Most of the above requirements are met by the following types of lubricants:

1. Lithium. These are viscous yellowish compounds, which, when low temperatures acquire an even thicker consistency, with difficulty smearing on the details. They are able to significantly reduce friction and loads acting on the hinge elements, protect them from moisture and neutralize accidentally ingested dirt. Their only drawback is the ability to dissolve some types of anthers made from organic polymers. One of the representatives of this type of lubricant is the domestic Litol-24, which is replaced after a run of 100 thousand km.

2. Based on molybdenum disulfide. More versatile lubricants that differ increased stability to corrosion. In their composition, the content of organic acids is reduced, due to which the aggressiveness in relation to polymer products is reduced. Such lubricants are recommended for use in CV joints of cars of any manufacturer. Their main drawback is their sensitivity to moisture ingress in case of anther leakage, due to which the lubricant loses its properties. domestic producers produce lubricants with molybdenum disulfide under common name SHRUS-4.

3. Barium grease. Resistant to moisture ingress into the mechanism, successfully resists corrosion, and is also neutral to any polymers from which the anthers are made. Its main disadvantage is poor resistance to low temperatures. Grease on this moment due to the high cost is not very common. All domestic formulations made using this technology are labeled under the name ShRB-4.

1. Graphite lubricants, since they are designed to work in bearings, and when used in a CV joint, its service life will not exceed 25 thousand km.
2. Hydrocarbon lubricants, including technical vaseline, as they are destroyed at t o exceeding 45 o C, and lead to failure of the hinge after a short time.
3. Consistent compositions made on the basis of calcium and sodium, since they are not able to work in units with high mechanical stress, and will lead to failure of the hinge after a run of 15-30 thousand km.
4. Compositions made on the basis of zinc or iron.

When changing the lubricant of the hinge, they are guided by the operating instructions for the car and the lubricant itself. Her scheduled replacement should be carried out every 100 thousand kilometers, as well as when installing a new CV joint or anther.

Replacing the inner CV joint

A faulty internal CV joint is capable of falling apart while driving, depriving the car of mobility. To avoid breakage and unexpected costs, the assembly should be replaced at the first sign of failure. It is desirable to carry out all work at a specialized service station, since the operation requires certain knowledge and skills from the master. But if available necessary tool, relevant experience and self-confidence, a motorist is able to do everything on his own in a garage.

Before replacement, prepare the following spare parts:

1. The hinge itself.
2. Boot with new clamps.
3. Lubricant.
4. Hub nut.

The replacement procedure is carried out in the following order:

1. The car is jacked up from the side of the CV joint to be replaced or placed on a lift, after which oil is drained from the gearbox.

2. The hub nut is unscrewed and the wheel is removed.

3. Disconnecting the rack from the steering tip and mounting the ball joint.

4. Pulling off brake disc with a caliper from the slots and the removal of the structure to the side.

5. Pulling off the inner CV joint from the splines using a metal guide and a hammer.

6. Removing the entire drive to the outside.

7. Removing the anther clamps, the anther itself and the faulty CV joint after clamping the drive in a vise.

8. Filling lubricant in new CV joint.

9. Mounting the anther and putting the CV joint on the splines.

10. Installation of clamps on the anther.

11. Installation of the assembled drive in the gearbox. When hit in the slots, a characteristic click is heard, after which the drive is hammered into place.

12. Further assembly is carried out in the reverse order.

The described method allows you to replace the inner CV joint of all VAZ models: 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 21099, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, Niva, Lada Priora, Kalina, Grant, Vesta and most foreign cars.

The constant velocity joint (aka CV joint, popularly called the “grenade”) is one of the main (important) transmission units passenger car sedan type. The role played by this mechanism is the transfer of torque to steered wheels vehicle from the transmission system. It is thanks to this mechanism that rotation is supplied to the drive (front) wheels when turning. Many modern cars are equipped with such a node. In this article, we will consider a topic familiar to many motorists: “signs of a breakdown of the inner CV joint”, and we will also deal in detail with typical faults and the rules for diagnosing a constant velocity joint (CV joint).

As mentioned above, inner joint- these are one of the main mechanisms of auto transmission and it is for this reason that all elements of this unit must be made from high-quality materials. As a rule, the shelf life of the elements is high. But, as practice shows, this mechanism wears out prematurely for various reasons. It happens even with those machines that have recently left the assembly shops. The reasons for this may be different:

1. Poor quality or no lubricants on elements;
2. Absolutely low quality the material from which the CV joint was made, as well as the use of fakes and defective spare parts;
3. Getting into the mechanism of various debris and water due to damage to the anther;
4. Terrible pavement our roads, aggressive driving of the vehicle on these roads;
5. Untimely acquisition and replacement of spare parts. Failure to comply with the rules for using the vehicle specified in the operating instructions.

Well, if you have a breakdown and you need to diagnose or repair cv joints, then you have found what you were looking for. Let's look at how diagnostics are carried out and how to repair a damaged inner CV joint. It is important to understand that the cause of the breakdown may not be in the CV joint itself, so the diagnosis of the whole system is this case just needed.

There is a primary and detailed diagnosis of the constant velocity joint. Primary diagnosis includes a superficial examination of the mechanism. Thus, it is possible to determine the breakdown of the anther and the presence of a characteristic sound (cod). To conduct a more detailed diagnosis, the constant velocity joint must be disassembled. To perform such a diagnosis, a pit or a high overpass is well suited, but in those, as practice has shown, it is not uncommon when they are not there, you can use a jack. Carrying out the diagnosis of CV joints on your own is not particularly difficult.

Before diagnosing the constant velocity joint, it is necessary to disconnect the entire structure from the vehicle. To do this, unscrew all the mounting bolts (there are 6-8 of them). After the bolts are twisted, the CV joint must be removed from seat using a large screwdriver or pry bar. Next, unfasten the retaining ring and clamps to disconnect the CV joint from the shaft. When removed from the shaft, the protective cover adheres to or turns out to the side. As a rule, it will not work to remove the hinge from the shaft by hand, so use a hammer. After removal, the hinge must be rinsed with clean water.

Before disassembling the product, it is advisable to note the relative position of the parts, which should not be confused during assembly. To mark, you can use paint or a touchstone.

Locksmith tesks are useful for work, since the hinge needs to be fixed somewhere in order to knock the balls out of it. Next, you need to get all the balls from the separator. This can be done with a screwdriver, which is made of soft metal. When disassembling the separator and cage important role play window separator. So, in order to get the separator with the clip, it is necessary to turn it into such a position that the elongated windows are against the protrusions of the body. The holder is removed only after its protrusions are placed in the separator window.

So, in front of you is a disassembled hinge, now you need to thoroughly rinse each part so that you can make an inspection. The condition of each part must be carefully checked. If grooves are found, recesses larger than 1 millimeter, the "grenade" must be replaced. Also, if areas with small points of chipping of metal particles or chips on the ball grooves are found, there can be no question of further use of this hinge. What about the separator? The most important thing during the inspection is the presence or absence of cracks and chips between the end and the window.

If further diagnostics showed that there are no violations, then the inner CV joint can be assembled. To ensure future correct operation CV joint, it is necessary to introduce a certain amount of lubricant into it. Next, a separator with a clip is installed, into which the balls are then driven. Thus it is possible to carry out complete diagnostics CV joint, resorting to its complete disassembly. Of course, cars different brands they have different inner sleeves. But the diagnostic method is the same for everyone.

Important advice: if during the inspection of the parts any defect from the above was revealed, then the “grenade” must be replaced. It is better to change it completely, as it is much more practical. If only one specific part is replaced, this can lead to the destruction of the entire assembly due to an increase in tension between the parts.

Typical malfunctions

As you know, the work of the CV joint is constantly under the influence of huge loads. Although the elements of the CV joint are made of durable materials, the hinges fail from time to time. The causes of breakdowns can be different. Consider a CV joint failure:

Finally, the failure of the cv joints can be seen when jerks appear when starting the car and a change in its dynamics. But it is better not to bring the car to such a state.

Summing up, we can highlight several important points. The inner CV joint is really one of the important mechanisms car transmission. Its breakdown does not occur often, it depends on how high-quality material was used for manufacturing and how, in what conditions the driver operates his vehicle. Tip: as soon as I heard extraneous sounds, namely: crackling, crunching and knocking - by all means take care of diagnostics or repair of joints of equal angular velocities.

Video “Replacing the anther of the inner CV joint”

The video shows how the process of replacing the CV joint boot with Renault Logan, Sandero takes place.

Front-wheel drive cars are loved by motorists all over the world for a reason. Most often they use a MacPherson-type suspension - very simple and robust design, which will serve faithfully for many years and will not require serious maintenance costs. Depending on the condition of the roads and the aggressiveness of the ride, however, some components will have to be changed periodically, for example, ball or bearings on the hubs. And silent blocks and levers fail much less often. This is what most car owners like - the car should drive, and not be repaired.

But there are in front-wheel drive cars and vulnerabilities, an example is the joint of equal angular velocities, among the people it was nicknamed the "grenade" because of the visual similarity, you can also find the abbreviation - SHRUS. For their production, only high-strength alloys are used, various coatings are applied to the working surfaces, and the original lubricant should ensure the operation of the unit for a very long time. But in practice, it turns out that nothing is eternal, grenades also break, and even on brand new cars that have just left the assembly line. Therefore, if there is a suspicion of a malfunction, an early check of the CV joint is necessary.

The drive system consists of the following hinges:

• two internal ones, which are installed directly in the gearbox, drive the axle shaft (one for each side);
• two external ones - located on the hubs, serve to transmit torque to the wheels.

It may seem that they have the same lifespan. But in fact, everything is not quite so, the internal ones work longer, while the external ones fail much more often. The reason for this is too high loads that occur when the car is moving on the wheel hub, as well as the fact that the outer CV joint rotates at a much larger angle than the inner one. It can also be noted external differences- the dimensions of the inner grenades are much larger than the outer ones.

Causes of failure

Development on the holder of the CV joint

The reasons may be as follows:

1. Factory defect that was not identified before installation. It is not uncommon for counterfeit products to be installed on new machines. This also includes the very low quality of the metal used to make the assembly.
2. Not enough graphite lubricant or its absence. The poor quality of the anthers, as a result of which it breaks and dust, dirt, sand, water and other debris get on the rubbing surfaces.
3. It is also important how you drive and where. Aggressive driving, coupled with poor-quality road surface, is a quick wear of grenades and their quick replacement.

Is it possible to diagnose grenade malfunctions on your own

Since the grenade is a simple hinge, it can easily fail. The principle of its operation is very similar to the operation of the bearing - two surfaces, between which there are balls of durable metal. The difference is that grooves are cut on the surfaces, due to which it is possible to change the position of the leading semi-axis relative to the driven one. If you take a used CV joint, you can rotate the two axle shafts with your hands without much effort, see how the assembly works. On the new one, it will not work to turn them, since there are no gaps and you need to make great efforts to turn them.

Faulty CV joint

Several forces act on the hinge at once. Firstly, when driving, torque is transmitted from the gearbox to the wheel. Secondly, the relative position of the axle shafts is constantly changing, as you rotate the steering wheel or run into an uneven surface while driving. And there is always friction in the mechanism that destroys it. In some place, a development may appear, as a result of which the gap between the surfaces increases and extraneous crackling and noise become audible.

Anyone who has experience operating a front-wheel drive car is familiar with how to check a CV joint and the sounds it makes when it breaks down. The first sign that grenades need to be replaced is the appearance of this kind of noise during sharp acceleration, moving over obstacles, and also when turning. But if a crunch is heard even during rectilinear movement, then this indicates that it is urgent to change the CV joints and operating the car in this state is not only undesirable, but even dangerous.

Unfortunately, many of the symptoms of grenade malfunctions are very similar, for example, with the symptoms of a broken ball or steering tip. Therefore it should once again make sure the diagnosis is correct. So, the presence of subtle jerks at the moment of starting off, clearly indicates a breakdown of the hinges. The presence of significant shaft play between the CV joints can be determined by hanging the wheel and trying to move it in different planes. If there is play, then the CV joint has become unusable and should be replaced.

How to diagnose hinge problems

Diagnosis of the external hinge is simple: you just need to unscrew the steering wheel in extreme position and get moving. At maximum angle a characteristic crunch will appear between the axle shafts - this is a sign of a breakdown of the outer hinge.

Checking the internal CV joint is best done on a lift

But there is a peculiarity internal mechanisms– they may crackle during straight movement. To check, it is not necessary to have special skills, since you can check the internal CV joint by taking a trip off-road - when you get into pits and ditches, the soundtrack is amplified many times over. But the most accurate diagnosis can be made as follows:

• put the car on a lift;
• in a suspended state, engage first gear, allowing the wheels to rotate slowly;
• in this position faulty CV joint will make a clearly distinguishable crunch;
• again, when trying to move the shaft by hand, a significant backlash will be felt.

If the symptoms are "obvious", then it is necessary to buy a CV joint and install it on the axle shaft. Anthers, clamps and grease are usually included in the kit.

Hello dear motorists! Enjoying all the benefits front wheel drive on modern cars, is more than "compensated" by the problems that some parts of the chassis can create.

In the case of anterior and all-wheel drive vehicles, one of the most problematic places are constant velocity joints. SHRUS for short or, simply, "grenades".

Studying the special literature, one can find statements that all elements of CV joints are made of heavy-duty alloys, the wear of which occurs extremely slowly.

But, as practice shows, signs of a CV joint malfunction may appear even in a car that has recently left assembly line car factory. There can be several reasons for this, but the most common are:

- poor quality of CV joints, installation of fakes or defective spare parts;
- lack or poor quality of lubricants;
- damage to the anther and the ingress of abrasive debris, water into the mechanism;
- Aggressive driving style and disgusting condition of the road surface.

HOW TO INDEPENDENTLY DEFINE A CV JOINT FAILURE

The malfunction of any of the parts in the car is due to a change in its properties, dimensions, the formation of wear in rubbing parts.

A CV joint is a hinge, which means that in its device there are necessarily elements that work in close contact under a constant load. The CV joint is a kind of ball bearing, however, its clips have transverse grooves, which allows you to change the angle between the driving and driven axle shafts.

In order to make the car move, the hinge transfers significant force to the wheels, and also constantly changes the angle between the axle shafts. Over time, wear is formed on the rubbing parts, the gap increases. Where there is no close contact of parts, extraneous noise appears.

Signs of a CV joint failure are known to all motorists. The main one is the appearance of a characteristic "crunch". Such a sound can only be made by balls that roll along the grooves, because. have too much output.

The soundtrack can appear at any time, but usually it happens when turning, hard acceleration, overcoming obstacles. Motorists need to know about other options for how to check the CV joint.

To finally make sure that the hinges are malfunctioning, they will help:

- slight jerks when starting the car or changing the dynamics;
- backlash of the shaft located between the CV joints when trying to move it in different planes.

SIGNS OF A FAULTY INNER JOINT

As is known, for each driving wheel the design provides for two CV joints - an external one, which transmits force from the axle shaft to the wheel hub, and an internal one, which rotates the shaft from the gearbox.

Although both CV joints are links in the same chain, the outer one fails much more often and faster. This is due to the fact that the loads and angles of rotation of the hinge on the hub are much greater.

Wherein outer CV joint smaller in size. The signs of failure described above are more related to external hinges. In order to convince of the malfunction of the outer CV joint, it is necessary to turn the steering wheel as much as possible and start moving. When the angle between the axle shafts approaches its maximum, the faulty CV joint begins to “crunch”.

The logical question would be how to check the internal CV joint, because in the natural state it is very difficult to achieve maximum hinge curvature. Unlike the outer one, the inner CV joint can supply sound signals about a malfunction in rectilinear motion.

The CV joint is especially clearly signaling the need for replacement when overcoming pits, ditches, snowdrifts. A worn hinge, of course, will have significant play when checking the shaft by hand, and you can finally make sure that the CV joint needs to be replaced if you raise the car on a lift.

The inclusion of the first gear will allow the wheels to rotate in the completed state, when the inner CV joint is significantly curved. This is where that incomparable, hinged “crunch” appears. And this means: it's time to go to the car shop for a CV joint repair kit, and start replacing it.

Depending on the operating mode, sooner or later there comes a moment when, on a VAZ 21213 Niva car, a CV joint failure leads to its replacement. The catch is that these elements are not subject to repair and, in case of wear, are replaced with new ones after a breakdown. Diagnosing problems with the CV joint VAZ 21213-21214 (in the common people - grenades) is quite simple, but extending its service life is more difficult.

It just so happened that most motorists pay attention to any part of the car after it fails. A new CV joint is purchased and replaced, which takes time and significant funds. In fact, the angular velocity hinges installed in the Niva do not drift.

Unlike front wheel drive cars VAZ 2110-2114, in the Niva, the torque is distributed to 4 wheels. This means that the load on the front wheel drive is half as much as in the same VAZ 2114. And if we theoretically assume that not a drop of abrasive dust and dirt gets inside the hinged mechanisms of the axle shafts, then the service life of the CV joint will be equal to the duration of the "life" of the auto. Of course, in real life this is impossible, and the Niva is designed for off-road driving.

It is quite possible to extend the operation of grenades as much as possible. To do this, you must regularly perform the following activities:

1. Conduct visual inspection anthers covering the hinges. When the car is operated on an asphalt road, then an inspection should be carried out every 10-15 thousand km. When driving off-road or bulk and dirt roads grenade covers should be inspected more often, especially after trips in difficult conditions.
2. If you find the slightest damage to the anther, immediately replace it with a new one. This also applies to the clamps that hold the covers in place.
3. During replacement, remove from the Niva CV joint old grease together with the dirt that has fallen and apply a new one. The lubricant used is SHRUS-4, its quantity for outdoor grenade is 40 cm 3, for the internal - 80 cm 3.

If you pay attention to these elements, then they will quietly serve 150-200 thousand km. Otherwise, malfunctions may appear already in the first hundred thousand km.

Problem symptoms

If during the operation of the Niva car the following symptoms of a malfunction appear, then additional diagnostics should be carried out:

• while cornering, a characteristic crispy sound is heard from the front of the car, as if during operation, steel balls touch the body;
• the same, only instead of a crunch, a knock is heard, it can disappear during rectilinear movement;
• a constant crunch that does not disappear when driving in a straight line indicates wear on the internal grenade.

Remember that after the appearance of such noises on one side or both, it is impossible to immediately delay the repair. Otherwise, a faulty CV joint can do a lot of trouble right on the go. To make sure that the grenade is broken, you can check it in 2 ways:

1. Choose a flat area so that there is enough space for the Niva to turn around. Make a few circles on it for and counterclockwise, turning steering wheel all the way. Listen carefully for the sounds that come up. If they look like a crunch, go to part 2 of the diagnosis.
2. Set the machine above viewing hole and check for play in all 4 nodes by manually swinging and turning the half shaft in different directions. A worn hinge will immediately make itself felt.

If at the same time it was found that the anther was damaged or water was flowing out of it, then the CV joint in this place must have become unusable.

Causes of rapid wear of the hinges

The main enemies of any hinged mechanisms are dust and dirt, which play the role of an abrasive and accelerate the wear of the grenade. It is worth the car owner to miss the damage to the elastic cover and drive for some time without replacing it, as the same dirt gets inside, which sooner or later will do its job, even if you change the boot.

There are other reasons leading to malfunction and replacement of elements:

• there is not enough lubrication in the mechanism or its quality leaves much to be desired;
• too aggressive driving bad roads, constantly creating extreme loads on CV joints;
• factory marriage in the details of the assembly.

Conclusion: most of the causes can be foreseen and prevented with the help of prevention, postponing the replacement of grenades indefinitely.

An exception is the situation when a factory defect is caught, but this happens quite rarely.

To get started, you need to purchase new part proper quality. At the same time, it is important not to confuse the CV joint for the Niva with the same one from the VAZ 2114 or another model of the "tenth" family. The nodes suitable for the VAZ 21213 have 24 splines and are designated by the following catalog numbers:

• internal ball for right side — 2123-2215056;
• the same, tripoid - 2123-2215054;
• left inner tripoid and ball - 2123-2215055 and 2123-2215057, respectively;
• external grenade normal and under ABS - 2123-2215012 and 2123-2215012-10, respectively.

Products are sold complete with anthers, you need to purchase new clamps separately. You will have to devote enough time to complete the replacement, since the Niva transmission is more complicated and takes longer to disassemble than that of the VAZ 2110. There you will need to unscrew 2 ball bearings instead of one and press out the tie rod ball pin.

Before installing on a car, it is necessary to remove elastic covers from new products and check for lubrication. If necessary, add the required amount, and put the covers back and securely tighten with clamps. After installing new CV joints and assembling the car, it is recommended to drive out and check it in cornering, making sure that all extraneous sounds have disappeared.