Popularity is the norm. These powerful machines have always been and remain in demand, especially in those regions where it is better not to meddle with conventional transport. It is pleasant to state that the production of such cars is well established in the Russian automotive industry. Those. each of the factories producing trucks (KAMAZ, GAZ, ZIL, Ural, etc.) must produce and all-wheel drive models trucks.
Today, motorists are honored with large and “skillful” SUVs, however, for those who are particularly interested in such vehicle characteristics as carrying capacity, cross-country ability, aggressiveness on the road, the description of Russian all-wheel drive trucks will be to their liking.
On modern market commercial automotive technology trying to dominate trucks foreign manufacturers. However, it is quite successfully trying to compete with imported trucks. The proof of this is the preservation of the brand's position as a leader in terms of sales of these cars in Russia. airborne all-wheel drive vehicle KAMAZ (4x4) is one of the leading models in the sales of equipment of the Kama Automobile Plant. This machine harmoniously combines advanced innovative design solutions with many years of experience in the technology of the global automotive industry.
But still, the most legendary four-wheel drive truck is the GAZ-66, representing the family trucks off-road. Its main purpose is to use in heavy road conditions for confident off-road driving. The presence of a self-locking differential of the rear axle and a large ground clearance of the GAZ-66 all-wheel drive truck make it possible to quickly and easily overcome the most difficult sections of the road absolutely regardless of environmental conditions.
It is impossible to ignore Turkish manufacturers who have established the production of good multifunctional light all-wheel drive off-road trucks. For example, the company Hisar Group, which previously produced components for buses and working equipment, today produces the Turkar SUV, which was originally developed for the needs of fire and rescue services, as well as for the army. The Turkar belongs to the N1G category, 4x4, equipped with a 116-horsepower F1A turbo-diesel engine. Many European, American and Middle Eastern mining and oil companies are showing interest in this truck. 
many on the market and Chinese trucks Howo, which represent a new branch of the development of the model range of the well-known trucks association CNHTC Sinotruk. Cabin CNHTC Sinotruk Howo owes its comfort to the world famous company Volvo: Produced in China under license from this company. These trucks are distinguished from the standard version by an updated recognizable design. Equipped with a WD615 series engine that complies with Euro-2 and Euro-3 standards.
In the early 80s, the agricultural sector of the USSR demanded from industry a multifunctional all-wheel drive truck that could equally well transport agricultural products directly from the field to warehouses, as well as from the village to processing enterprises. Moreover, the terms of reference talked about the special suitability of the truck to work in tandem with agricultural machines - tractors, combines - directly in the field. That is, a technological vehicle with off-road and asphalt capabilities was needed. In 1982, NAMI engineers, together with specialists from the Kutaisi Automobile Plant, developed the KAZ-4540 dump truck, which was put into production two years later. The car was really new, original and - unconventionally for the Soviet industry - had a very low percentage of unification with the already produced serial equipment.
The alleged competitor of Colchis could be the British universal Bedford TM 4-4 of 1981, which was created for the armies of the NATO countries, but could do everything the same as our agricultural dump truck.
KAZ-4540
Outwardly, the cars are quite similar: the same flat "licked" cabover cabs, round headlights in the bumper, single tires with off-road tread and high ground clearance. Visually, due to the narrow cab with a smaller glass area, the foreign car seems taller, although our virtual competitors are almost the same in height. The carrying capacity of Colchis according to the passport was 6 tons. KAZ-4540 was mainly equipped with a dump body with three-way unloading, but in small batches at the factory, and after that, in artisanal conditions, various specialized equipment was installed on its chassis. Bedford TM most often served as the carrier special installations or a evacuator of light armored vehicles and other trucks and was capable of carrying loads weighing 6.5–8 tons (depending on the version).
There is not much to say about the interior of the compared trucks. And in our KAZ, and in the "British" torpedo, steering wheel and door cards are made of "oak" plastic, round large devices are simple and informative, control of many functions is "delegated" to unified rectangular switches, and double cabs of both cars did not receive sleeping places - after all, they are designed for movement along local routes.
BedfordTM
The all-wheel drive KAZ-4540 was equipped with an eight-cylinder diesel engine production, the power of which was 160 hp. The power unit was not located strictly under the cab, but with a slight offset towards the body. Paired with a diesel engine, an eight-speed mechanical box gears, combined with a single-stage "razdatka". Interestingly, to simplify maintenance, the box is connected to the engine not rigidly, but through an intermediate cardan shaft. A specially designed gearbox allows the truck to move for a long time on arable land parallel to the combine with a minimum speed of 2 km / h. Of the off-road “gadgets”, the dump truck could boast of locking the cross-axle differential of the rear axle.
An 8.2-liter turbodiesel with 206 hp was hidden under the Bedford's cab. in combination with a six-speed manual transmission, a "razdatka" was placed behind the box. The suspensions of the machines are structurally the same - on four longitudinal springs. Due to the poor off-road patency and the low reliability of NATO engines, they abandoned british cars by the end of the 80s.
KAZ-4540
GAZ-4301 - Renault Midliner S100
Since the 1960s, the creators have followed two paths to the creation of medium-duty delivery trucks - either the American one, with a bonnet layout, or the European one, with a cab above the engine. In the USSR, the bonnet layout was always preferred, and the new GAZ-4301 of 1984, which replaced the GAZ-53, became the same. In the same years in Europe Renault together with Saviem, Volvo, DAF, and Magirus-Deutz, having created the "Club of Four", they cooperated and by 1980-81 they had designed a single universal model, which in the "modern" version was called the Renault Midliner S100.
new truck from Gorky, designers designed in the same style with the more load-bearing ZIL-169: the GAZ-4301 is related to it by a square radiator grille, headlights in angular wings and a front end tapering towards the nose. The cabover Midliner also has an angular cabin, an unpainted plastic grille, but overall looks more modern, as it turned out to be similar to cabover cars from the 90s and early zero.
GAZ-4301
At first glance, the interiors of the compared cars look similar. They are related by cheap rough plastic, simple round instruments, a whole panel of lamp indicators, air vents and a roomy glove box. But a closer look shows that the foreign car offers more comfort to the driver. Its steering wheel is soft, and not made of hard plastic, the gearshift lever is located closer to the driver’s workplace, the seats have armrests, there is regular place for radio and audio preparation. Behind additional fee Renault could be purchased with an extended sleeper cab. GAZ-4301 with a seat for the driver's rest was not mass-produced.
The GAZon was equipped with a 6.2-liter GAZ-542 six-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 142 hp. air-cooled, which was a universal solution for a country with big amount climatic zones. The motor was a licensed copy of the Deutz unit, and its resource before overhaul was calculated at the level of 300 thousand km. A five-speed manual gearbox was developed in-house. In order to seamlessly use the truck paired with agricultural machines at ultra-low speeds gear ratio first gear made big. The drive was traditionally on the rear axle.
Renault Midliner S
The base for the Renault Midliner was a 5.4-liter in-line diesel "six" water-cooled with a capacity of 150 hp. A five-speed manual gearbox developed by ZF Friedrichshafen worked with her. The springs cope with the loads and bumps on the four wheels of both trucks. Despite their versatility, gases were more often used in countryside, and Renault worked more in cities between warehouses and enterprises.
MAZ-5432 - Mercedes-Benz NG 80
Trunk tractors with a high level of comfort for the driver until the beginning of the 80s were absent as a class in the Soviet Union. It was not in vain that the USSR purchased foreign-made tractors for flights to Western Europe. But in 1981 the situation changed: the release of truck tractor MAZ-5432. A year earlier, Mercedes-Benz updated the family of its New Generation long-range vehicles, which received the NG 80 index.
MAZ-5432
The first-born of the fourth generation of tractors of the Minsk Automobile Plant received a radically new design - definitely at the level of foreign analogues. In general, these two machines are outwardly similar, but each has small character traits. So, MAZ stands out thanks to the high positioned along the edges of the cab parking lights and direction indicators. You can’t confuse a Mercedes with anything because of the wedge-shaped front panel of the cab, the shape of which is caused by efforts to improve the streamlining of the car. For the convenience of getting inside the cabin of both machines, they were equipped with wide steps and handles on the sides of the cabin. Weight Limit semi-trailer for MAZ was 21 tons, and Mercedes-Benz - 15.5-16 tons, depending on the version.
Mercedes-Benz NG80
The "German", of course, offered his crew even more various "chips", ranging from air conditioning and berths with fall protection in the form of nets to electric windows. Nevertheless, MAZ was also quite cool - oh his high level equipment and performance is evidenced by the fact that he became the first domestic car, which has passed homologation tests at a research center near the capital of France and was approved for use on all roads in Europe.
Mercedes-Benz NG80
The Minsk tractor was equipped with a modernized 12-cylinder YaMZ-238M2 diesel engine with a volume of 14.86 liters and a power of 280 hp. Designed for him eight-speed mechanical transmission, equipped with a demultiplier, made it possible to significantly reduce the appetite of the truck, so that a loaded car could travel about 1,000 km on one full tank. On german cars installed several eight-cylinder diesel engines power from 280 to 375 hp The maximum speed of the tractor from Minsk was 85 km / h, while the Merc with the most modest engine could accelerate to 110 km / h. Both cars had power steering, pneumatic brakes with an amplifier, but in addition, a foreign car could be equipped for a surcharge anti-lock braking system brakes. MAZs were equipped with leaf spring suspension of all wheels, and on the Mercedes-Benz NG 80 it could be different: cheap versions were also equipped with good old springs, but on rich trim levels pneumatic cylinders were installed on all wheels.
MAZ-5432
Epilogue
Concluding a series of materials on the comparison of domestic and foreign cars from the 80s, it should be noted that most of them lived a successful conveyor life, and some designs after deep modernization produced to this day. But for a number of Soviet automobile plants, it was this successful decade that became the swan song. After that, due to political upheavals, our auto industry began a steep downward spiral, and only the strongest came out of it.
GAZ-63 - soviet truck with a 4x4 wheel formula, whose history began in 1938. Over the entire period of serial production, more than 450 thousand copies were produced. The main feature in the late 30s of the twentieth century was the carrying capacity of the machine, which was 2 thousand kilograms.
History of creation
Car design began in 1938. The engineers assembled the first prototype a year later, after which they immediately sent it to numerous tests. There was no time to create a unique design. The specialists were faced with the task of creating a car capable of going through off-road to any corner of the country. The cab was taken from other GAZ cars, undercarriage developed from scratch. In the line of the enterprise, he became the first transport with all-wheel drive and single wheel tyres.
Together with the 63rd model, a civilian truck was being developed, which received the index "51". It was based on the military version, technical knots unified by 80%. This reduced the cost, dropped the loading of production lines, since civilian and military trucks were assembled on the same conveyor.
Some technical units were unique, they became an innovative breakthrough of their time. The motor was placed above the front axle. Thanks to this, the dimensions of the car were reduced and the carrying capacity was increased. The brake system was based on a hydraulic drive.
Both versions successfully passed all tests. The management of the plant recommended the management to launch mass production soon. This was prevented by the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. The implementation of the project began in 1943, which became a turning point in the war.
The problem has become scientific progress which took place over 4 years. By this time Soviet manufacturers got acquainted with the American transport, which was assembled at the Gorky Automobile Plant. Engineers took some of the technical components from American products, and some improved from existing models.
Design features
Cabin design solutions were taken from foreign analogues. The hood became shorter, the wings received an L-shaped formula, the headlights were protected from damage by a grille. At first glance, it was difficult to distinguish where the Soviet development was and where the American one was. The final version also received design changes. It was based on the GAZ-51 cabin - lighting devices were built into the wings, their shape became more rounded. Despite this, common features in appearance remained.
The first assembled transport GAZ-63 received cabins made of wood. In those years, the Union experienced a shortage of sheet metal. In 1950, the cabin became wood-metal (the doors were made of wood). It became all-metal in 1956, when the country's economy began to choose from the post-war crisis. The internal arrangement of the cabin corresponded to military purposes: there was little free space, the driver's seat was hard, the heating system appeared 4 years after the start of mass production.
The body was intended for the transportation of various cargoes and soldiers. The boats were fitted with high wooden sides. Folding wooden benches were used for landing. The package included an awning, which was mounted on a frame consisting of four metal arcs. The maximum load capacity on paved roads is 2 tons, when driving off-road, it decreased to one and a half tons. Versatility was added by the ability to transport trailers, the mass of which did not exceed 2 tons.
Specifications GAZ-63
The carburetor power plant was equipped with six cylinders. Fluid system cooling coped with the tasks assigned to it. The GAZ-63 engine is a mixture of GAZ-11 and Dodge D5. Developed up to 70 Horse power which was acceptable at the time. The maximum speed is 65 kilometers per hour, and the power reserve is 650 kilometers.
Maximum filling - 195 liters. Such a volume contained the main and additional tanks. A-66 gasoline was used for refueling. Average consumption per 100 kilometers is 25-30 liters. A few years after the start of production, independent designers assembled a diesel unit for the car.
The GAZ-63 manual gearbox had 4 speeds, the GAZ-63 transfer case had two speeds and a demultiplier. The clutch is made according to the dry type, has one disc. The front axle was based on ball joints of equal angular velocities. Both axles were sprung with semi-elliptical leaf springs.
The characteristics of the GAZ-63 made it possible to use the chassis to create special-purpose vehicles. The manufacturer installed military and civilian equipment for various purposes. The mobile workshop and fire engine. The bulk of the issued copies went under government orders for military needs. Thermal and sound insulation were made at a high level, communication equipment worked without interruption.
General specifications:
- Total length - 5.525 meters;
- Total width - 2.2 meters;
- The total height of the cabin - 2.25 meters;
- Ground clearance - 27 centimeters;
- Weight - 3.2 tons;
- The weight of the loaded machine is 5.35 tons;
- The maximum speed is 65 km/h.
The release ended in 1968. More than 450 thousand copies were produced, which went to the needs of not only Russia, but also the countries of the Soviet Union. Exports to Asia, Africa and the Middle East were also established. Some GAZ-63s are in operation today. Sometimes you can find offers on secondary market. Cars are offered in different qualities. Is in good. These are the specimens that have stood in conservation for many years. average price ranges from 20 to 150 thousand rubles.
Scope of application
An experimental batch for passing the final tests was created in 1945, after which it received approval from I.V. Stalin and the entire leadership of the party. Serial production was launched in 1948, two years after the civilian model. The machine received high ratings and good reviews from thousands of consumers across the country.
GAZ-63 is able to overcome various obstacles. Off-road, ditches, water barriers with a depth of not more than 80 centimeters, loose snow and many others. It has been widely used for the delivery of goods, equipment and people to remote and hard-to-reach regions of the Union.
Military vehicles were in demand among the civilian population. The application was not as wide as in the army. More often, small series bought for service Agriculture. Transport was overloaded, so it quickly fell into disrepair and required frequent repairs. Four-wheel drive was considered an indisputable advantage for the countryside, but many were not satisfied with the single slope. According to customer reviews, the plant has developed modifications with dual tires for the rear axle wheels.
The car showed poor stability on the road. This was reflected in the narrow potassium of the wheels and the high ground clearance. Infrequently, a structural omission caused the machine to overturn. Special care when entering a turn was required from the drivers who drove special vehicles. The problem of self-pulling was solved in the model with the “A” index, which was equipped with a winch.
Modifications
Based on the standard version, many models have been developed.
The most popular was considered a truck with the index "A". He got a winch. The designers placed it behind the front buffer, located in front of the frame. The winch worked due to the cardan shaft from the power take-off. The length of the cable is 65 meters, its carrying capacity was 4.5 thousand kilograms. A towing device appeared on the rear frame. The cabin and body structures have not been changed.
Other models
In addition to GAZ-63A, there are other versions:
- "E" - received shielded electrical equipment;
- "AE" - combined the innovations of the two previous modifications;
- "U" - the version was developed for export to other countries;
- "AU" - export model with a winch;
- "EU" - a model for delivery to other countries with shielded electrical equipment;
- "U" - a car for operation in a tropical climate;
- "EY" - similar previous model machine with shielded electrical equipment;
- "P" - a seat tractor with dual tires.
There are several more less common options, which are fire trucks, tank trucks, etc.
What can be done?
GAZ-63 is a legendary car with a rich history. It brought a lot of benefits not only to our country, but also to foreign ones, to which it was exported. The high quality of the car is confirmed by the fact that some copies are operated in our time, almost 50 years after the completion of production.
If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.
Among the all-wheel drive vehicles of the European Seven, MAN products occupy the first place in Russia. Basically it is, of course, construction machinery, dump trucks and tractors 6x6 and 8x8. Their main habitat is gas and oil development in Siberia. The history of their application in our country has more than forty years.
Why is it that 72% of all new European dump trucks, and almost half of 6x6 tractors carry this particular brand? To understand, you need to plunge into history.
01
. The fact is that MAN has always been an active supplier of military equipment. Back in 1937, he developed a standardized series of 2.5-ton 6x6 trucks Einheitsdiesel LKW(single diesel truck). They were equipped own engines 80 hp Almost 12,000 of these machines were assembled both at MAN itself and at Borgward, Büssing-NAG, FAUN, Henschel, Krupp, Magirus, VOMAG. 
Photo by Evgeny Bagdasarov
02
. With the onset of the Cold War, the importance of military equipment increased again. And in 1956, the company won the competition of the still young Bundeswehr for the supply of the main tactical truck. They became a hood two-axle MAN 630L. In addition to simplified external forms, it differed multi-fuel engine, 6-speed ZF gearbox and continuous axles on springs. 
03.
Until 1972, almost 30,000 cars were built different models and generations. Such trucks also came to our latitudes. This airborne MAN 630L2A after perestroika, he "registered" in Belarus in the form of a gift. His body is not native, but rearranged from ZIL-130.
04
. MAN gained even more experience in designing all-terrain vehicles in the mid-1970s. Then he again won the competition, but already NATO, for the supply of a whole family of 4x4, 6x6 and 8x8 vehicles under the code CAT1. Cabover cars were distinguished by angular cabins and spring suspension with shock absorbers. The engine, at the choice of the customer, was not native, but a 12.8-liter air-cooled Deutz, the gearbox was a hydromechanical “automatic”. As befits a serious off-road truck, MAN N had a two-stage "razdatka" with a built-in differential and planetary wheel gears. 
05.
Only the first generation was replicated in the amount of almost 10,000 pieces, and their improved descendants in the third generation are still being produced. 
06.
A whole batch of N4540 after decommissioning, it was sold, converted into tractors with a domestic compartment, and went to our Siberia. 
It is not surprising that the technologies honed on military orders were useful to the concern in civilian life. From the early 1970s to export models, especially bonnet ones, all-wheel drive was also actively used, which is almost not needed in Europe.
07
. Produced until 1987 MAN DHA was very popular in the Middle East, like this "nosy" filmed last year in the UAE. 
Photo by Yaroslav Vortsehovsky
Around that time, the interest of the brand in our country has been traced. The famous “contract of the century” played a big role in this - the supply of a huge batch of Magirus dump trucks for the construction of BAM. Naturally, the unprecedented success of competitors spurred the entire German auto industry.
08.
MAN did not stand aside either. Especially for the Siberian fields, they developed an all-wheel drive dump truck MAN 34.240 "Ermak". The machine with a carrying capacity of 20 tons was equipped with ... a Deutz F10L air diesel engine (240 hp) - this was the condition of the Soviet side. 
09
. The company brochure clearly shows the convenience of access to air engine « Yermak", as well as its features - high ground clearance (390 mm), steering rods removed behind front axle, simplified round headlights behind bars. Of course, the car had reinforced "military" axles with differential locks and planetary gears. 
10
. During the year, two Yermak"(6x4 and 6x6) were tested in real Siberian conditions. The mileage of each during this time amounted to about 120,000 km. The operators highly appreciated the quality of the car, but the purchase never came to fruition - for political reasons, supplies of competitors continued - the Czech Tatras, which are just visible in the picture. 
11
. Victory awaited MAN ten years later - in 1994, two hundred dump trucks at once 36.330 DFAK generations F90 were purchased by Gazprom. Improvements were made to the design that had already been tested on Yermak, including frost-resistant wiring, stainless steel tubes instead of plastic. But the main difference was the installation of the same Deutz “air vents”, this time the 330-horsepower BF8. Because of him, the cabin was planted higher, and again head optics was round, simplified. 
12
. Since then, all-wheel drive MANs have become increasingly common in Russia, mainly beyond the Urals. This is the main workhorse» late 1990s, MAN F2000 Evolution models 41.410
. By that time, a standard specification for local conditions had been developed - 40 tons gross weight, "native" diesel, manual transmission, medium cab with one sleeper, leaf spring suspension, northern package, tube tires, 15-cc bodies of different manufacturers. 
13
. In parallel with the emergence of new generations, all-wheel drive models immediately appeared, which immediately acquired a dumping profession. In a generation TGA for the first time there was a modification on huge off-road tires Michelin 14.00/R20 XML.
Thus, the history of MAN all-wheel drive in our latitudes is richer and longer than perhaps many imagine. However, it is part of an even more impressive history of development. technical solutions, which have been carefully developed and evolved over decades.
After the end of World War II, Germany was divided into four zones of occupation. In the territories occupied by the allies of the USSR, which eventually turned into the Federal Republic of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany), they began to build a liberal market economy. In the Soviet zone of occupation, later called the GDR (German Democratic Republic), naturally, preference was given to planned centralized management ...
The Soviet Germans got quite a lot of enterprises, both large and small. Some were badly damaged by fighting and bombing, others less so. But many components and assemblies were supplied to their conveyors by specialized manufacturers, such as, for example, the giants Bosch and ZF, which ended up on the other side of the Iron Curtain. And now everything had to be released on their own.
Of course, all enterprises were promptly nationalized by 1947. From automobiles, Industrie Fahrzeuge Automobile was formed - the Association for the Production of Automobiles (abbreviated as IFA), subordinate to a single leadership. Now in the name of each of the plants that were part of the IFA, three additional letters appeared - VEB (abbreviation Volkseigener Betrieb - "People's Enterprise"). Quite quickly, both slightly modified pre-war models and new items began to roll off the assembly lines. Among which, of course, there were cars - all-terrain vehicles, which at first went into service with the People's Police and an analogue internal troops GDR, and then from 1956 and the National People's Army (NVA).
IFA P1 EMW 325/3. The first post-war SUV of the GDR, created on the basis of nodes and
units of the passenger car EMW 340 (developed at the former BMW plant).
A total of 161 copies were produced in 1952.
ON THE LETTER "P"
If you do not consider various prototypes and simplified versions of the army car models(kubelwagens), the first passenger SUV of the GDR was the P1 (aka EMW 325/3), whose small-scale production was established in the former BMW factories in 1952. Under the hood was an in-line six-cylinder engine with a displacement of 2.0 liters and a power of 55 hp. With.
The next model, P2M was already created by engineers former factory Horch, but produced by Barkas from 1953 to 1956. The all-terrain vehicle was equipped with a 2.4-liter in-line "six" with a capacity of 65 hp. With. and accelerated to 95 km / h. Due to torsion independent suspension on trailing arms he was solid ground clearance in 300 mm. On the basis of this all-terrain vehicle, P2S amphibians were built.
The last East German passenger SUV was the P3 (1961-1966), produced first by VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau (former Horch) and then by VEB Industriewerke Ludwigsfelde (former Daimler-Benz subsidiary). The car was with the same engine as its predecessor, but boosted to 75 hp. with., with a different suspension - a fully independent torsion bar, in front on triangular wishbones and with a clearance that has grown by another 30 mm.
IFA P3.
The most massive and most perfect of the East German
SUVs. (1961-1966)
STRONG AS OAK
In 1949, the nationalized firm Phänomen resumed production of the Granit 1500, renaming it "27". Under the hood was a 2.7-liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 50 hp. With. A feature of this air-cooled engine is four cylinders arranged in a row. It is curious that the engineers of the plant did not recognize other designs until the closure of the enterprise in 1991.
In 1951, an all-wheel drive modification appeared. Moreover, some of the Granit received an open passenger body. In 1953, it was replaced by the Garant 30 model, which was offered with two three-liter engines: a diesel engine with a capacity of 52 liters. With. and petrol in 55 l. With. (both at 2600 rpm).
In 1957 Phänomen was renamed VEB Robur-Werken Zittau. Translated from the German Robur - "oak". This, apparently, was supposed to hint at the strength and reliability of the car. For some time, a modernized Granit was produced under the new brand, until in 1961 Robur of the LD / LO series appeared with a payload capacity of 2-2.6 tons with a non-folding cab above the engine. Like its predecessor, the cabover Robur was produced in two versions. The first - with a diesel engine with a working volume of 4 liters and a power of 68 liters. With. at 2600 rpm. Second - with gasoline engine(3345 cm3, 75 hp). Speed - 75-80 km / h. After the reunification of Germany, the car received a Deutz diesel engine with a capacity of 73 liters. with., of course, air cooling. But she was released for a short time.
Robur means "oak".
This model was produced without any changes in appearance for exactly 30 years.
FAMILIAR STRANGER
Because light truck models as well as cars associations acquired their own names during the 50s, the abbreviation IFA became strongly associated with medium trucks and received the status trademark. At the same time, there were many rear-wheel drive models. But there are only three all-wheel drive.
The first was the IFA G5 (1954-1964), adopted by the NVA. The three-axle "five" was distinguished by a six-cylinder diesel engine with a volume of 9 liters and a power of 120 hp. With. and could accelerate to 60 km / h. The carrying capacity corresponded to the number in the title. The truck was produced by the Ernst Grube enterprise in the city of Werdau in two versions: with a folding windshield and canvas awning and with a closed cab.
Then, in 1965, the G5 was replaced by the IFA W50L, familiar to many from Soviet childhood, with a carrying capacity of 5 tons. The letter W in the name meant the place of development - Werdau (the plant itself was later redesigned for the production of trailers). And the letter L is the place where the car was produced, the city of Ludwigsfelde (Ludwigsfelde). For the sake of the new truck, even the P3 SUV had to be discontinued.
In 1957 Phänomen ("Phenomenon") was renamed VEB Robur-Werken Zittau
The new IFA W50L quickly acquired all-wheel drive versions: W50LA and W50LA / A (allrad - "four-wheel drive", armee - "army"). The design of the car was both conservative and modern. A conservative element is a non-folding cab with a late 50s design. And the modern one was running with a pneumohydraulic dual-circuit brake system, a pneumatic drive of the parking brake and blocking rear differential. At the same time, the axle shafts were taken out of the rear axle beam and transmitted torque through the wheel gears. "Army men" were additionally equipped with a central tire inflation system.
Eternal IFA. Models L60 (top) and W50LA (bottom) were produced from 1965 to 1991
Initially, IFA received a four-cylinder vortex-chamber diesel engine with a working volume of 6560 cm3 and a power of 110 hp. With. In 1967, it was replaced by a more advanced motor with direct injection and the same working volume. Power has grown to 125 liters. With. at 2300 rpm. The speed at the same time ranged from 70 to 90 km / h, depending on the transmission. With subsequent upgrades, the engine acquired an engine brake with a pneumatic drive and a system for shutting off half of the cylinders at low speeds. Gearbox - five-speed. All-wheel drive versions were equipped with power steering.
The car was actively exported, and the lion's share went to the USSR. However, all-terrain trucks with a plug-in front axle were almost never supplied to the Soviet Union. At the same time, the IFA W50 LA and LA / A, for example, were actively used by the Iraqi army in the first Gulf War in 1990. Most of these cars burned down in the desert...
nosy.
The G5 off-road truck was first adopted by the NVA
In 1971, a prototype was built with a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement and a 180-horsepower six-cylinder diesel engine. But he never got into the series. A base model lasted without any changes until 1987, when it was replaced by the IFA L60.
The Sixty was distinguished by a new six-cylinder diesel engine (9160 cm3, 180 hp), a four-speed gearbox with a divider, permanent all-wheel drive with a central differential lock and an updated cab, which now leaned forward. In 1991, the car was discontinued as obsolete. Instead, the new - the old owner of the Daimler-Benz enterprise - launched the production of light trucks.
Multicar mini-trucks managed to serve both in NVA (model M25),
and in the Bundeswehr (Mungo). He even fought in Afghanistan
Bigger and more powerful.
Multicar M26, produced in the 90s of the last century, featured a new
front design, larger wheels and IVECO engine
DIESEL ANT
The only car factory that benefited from German reunification was VEB Waltershausen, better known as Multicar. He started in 1951 with a simple self-propelled truck DK3 Dieselameise (literally - "diesel ant"). Then, in 1958, the bogie grew into a humble DK4 microtruck, which received its own name - Multicar. In the form in which it was remembered by Soviet citizens, Multicar began to be produced only in 1974. And the M25 model was supplied to the USSR (1978-1992). She, despite miniature sizes(length 3.7 meters), could translate 2 tons and optionally equipped with all-wheel drive. A small diesel engine (1997 cm3, 45 hp. Speed - 50 km / h) was hiding under the reclining cab.
The Multicar 25 was something like a miniature Unimog. It was used by public utilities with pleasure, because due to its small size and excellent maneuverability, the 25th could drive almost everywhere. There were no analogues in Germany, so production was continued. In 1993, a modernized M26 appeared with a 90 hp Iveco diesel engine. s., then it was time for the M27 model and the heavier Fumo and Tremo. And for the Bundeswehr in 2005 they even released an armored Mungo.
