What is the permissible mass of the car. Permissible maximum weight

An overly loaded vehicle poses a significant threat not only to the driver, but also to other road users. It doesn't matter if it's a truck or a car. Even the road surface suffers from the excess mass of the vehicle. Each car owner must know how the overload is calculated, and understand the degree of responsibility for violating the rules.

Since 2015, the legal documents relating to the carriage of goods have undergone some changes. Based on new information, the permitted maximum weight vehicle has been corrected.

Ultimately allowable weight freight vehicle (road train) - 44 tons. axle load of any truck The mobile is determined based on the category of roads that are designed to carry cargo of different weights. Overload truck require the driver to obtain the appropriate exit permit. With regards to passenger vehicles, there are also some restrictions. The driver is not entitled to carry more passengers in his car than is regulated by law.

The impact on the vehicle axle, in other words, the axial load, is the load from the total mass of the vehicle, which is transmitted to the roadway by the wheels of each of the axles. Under increased load, the roadway is destroyed. Besides, braking distances overloaded vehicle is longer, which can create emergency on the roads.

It is worth considering the fact that the load distribution is uneven: the rear axle has significantly more than the front. This is due to the location cargo platform: at the back of the car. When driving on a section of the road, which is equipped with sign 3.12, the driver must pay attention to the maximum permitted axle load. If in his vehicle the load does not correspond to this, then it is necessary to change the route. Otherwise, the violation will result in a penalty for congestion. According to the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation (part 11 of article 12.21.1), the amount of the administrative penalty is 5,000 rubles.

The rules of carriage determine the acceptable weight of the vehicle. You can find information below:

A more complex calculation is subject to the permissible axle load. This takes into account the category of the road, as well as the distance between the axles and the type of wheels.

Approximate calculation

Thus, the mass of the vehicle is calculated as the sum of the axle loads. You can find out the mass of the car by looking at the registration certificate. Harder to define actual weight cargo. To get an accurate calculation, you can use a special calculator.

The latter are of two types:

1. Stationary (SPVK).
2. Mobile (PPVK).

Stationary weight control points are located in a special place where equipment and personnel are constantly located.

Its mobile counterpart, on the contrary, is equipped on the basis of a van. Such a post has a significant advantage - mobility. Since the weight control point is constantly moving, it is not possible for the owner of a cargo vehicle to identify its location.

The stationary test procedure avoids axle overload. Today there are two types of weighing:

1. Dynamic.
2. Static.

The first is carried out in the process of vehicle movement, and allowable speed- no more than 5 km/h. To fix the measurements, automatic axle scales are used, with the help of which the vehicle is weighted along the axles. Acceptable error in calculations - 3%.

Static weighing is only possible after the vehicle has stopped. A special platform with installed strain gauges allows you to calculate the load and overload along the axles as accurately as possible.

Cargo Permit

In addition, the process of cargo transportation is regulated by regulatory legal acts. So, with an axle load of more than 2% of the permissible one, a permit for movement on roads should be obtained (according to Federal Law No. 257 of November 8, 2007, clause 2, article 31). To do this, it is necessary to coordinate the route and compensate for the damage caused to the road surface. An exception is made for the transport of the Russian Armed Forces.

For permission to transport dangerous goods, according to paragraph 9 of the order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia No. 258 (07/24/2012), the following documents are required:

1. Appropriate statement of the owner of the vehicle.
2. Photocopy of documents on the vehicle.
3. The scheme of distribution of the transported cargo.
4. Technical requirements for transportation.

If the driver has not received a special permit, in addition to the imposition of penalties, he may be deprived of driving license. This is regulated by the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation (part 1 of article 12.21.2)

Established penalties for overload

What fine is provided for overloaded cars depends on the legal category of the owner. This administrative punishment has three levels of responsibility:

• For individuals, a fine of 1,500 - 2,000 rubles is provided.
• Officials will pay more than 15,000 rubles.
• For legal entities, the amount of the fine reaches 400,000 rubles.

In addition to a direct violation, there may be an inaccuracy in the documents: when the actual weight of the cargo does not correspond to the declared one. At the same time, the maximum possible load per axle significantly exceeds the standards. In this case, the amount of the established fine:

• for an individual - 5,000 rubles;
• for legal - 50 times more.

The basis for the application of sanctions against the driver is the weight control on the road by the traffic police inspector.

Trucks in Soviet time were exclusively state-owned. Now, a privately owned truck will surprise few people. Moreover, for many car owners it is the main source of income.

Unlike passenger transport the operation of these vehicles has a number of specific nuances, one of which is the prevention of overloading the vehicle.

What defines the rules

Cargo transportation by road is regulated by a number of regulations. One of them is the Federal Law on Highways No. 257-FZ of November 8, 2007 - LINK.

Paragraph 2 of Article 31 of which indicates the need to obtain a permit for the movement on the roads of a vehicle exceeding by more than two percent the permissible mass of the vehicle, or the permissible axle load.

An exception is made only for the transport of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

When agreed, the car owner must:

• Coordinate the route of the car.
• Compensate for the damage caused during the operation of the road.

If the excess is not more than 10 percent, a simplified system for issuing permits within one day is applied.

Legislation Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 272 ​​dated April 15, 2011 “On approval of the Rules for the carriage of goods by car» (LINK) also establishes the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle in tons:

Single cars:

• two-axle - 18 t;
• three-axle - 25 tons;
• four-axle 32 t;
• five-axle - 35 t.

Road trains saddle and trailer:

• triaxial - 28 t;
• four-axle 36 t;
• five-axle - 40 tons;
• six-axle and more - 44 t.

Maximum axle load of a truck in Russia

Another parameter controlled by this normative act (Appendix No. 2) is the permissible axle load. It is regulated for highways designed for 6 tons, 10 tons and 11.5 tons, respectively. The distance between closely spaced axles and the type of wheels (single or dual) are also important.

Table 2018-2019

Location of vehicle axles	Distance between closely spaced axes (meters)	Permissible axle loads of wheeled vehicles depending on the standard (calculated) axle load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axle
		for a / d, calculated. for axle load 6 tons/axle	for a / d, calculated. for axle load 10 tons/axle	for a / d, calculated. for axle load 11.5 tons/axle
Singles	from 2.5 m and more
Tandem axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors with distance between axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Triple axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors with a distance between the axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	up to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Contiguous axles of trucks, tractors, truck tractors, trailers and semi-trailers, with more than three axles at a distance between axles (one axle load)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Contiguous axles of vehicles with eight or more wheels on each axle (load per axle)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

Table note:

1. The values ​​in brackets are for dual wheels, without brackets - for single wheels.

2. Axles with single and double wheels, combined in a group of close axles, should be considered as close axles with single wheels.

3. For twin and triple axles, structurally combined in common trolley, the allowable axle load is determined by dividing the total allowable bogie load by the corresponding number of axles.

4. An uneven distribution of the load along the axles for two-axle and three-axle bogies is allowed, if the total load on the bogie does not exceed the permissible one, and the load on the most loaded axle does not exceed the permissible axial load of the corresponding (single or dual) single axle.

How to calculate load

Axle load refers to the mass load motor vehicle transmitted to the plane through its wheels. Consideration should be given to its significant unevenness on the front and rear (rear) axles of the truck.

Any calculation will be approximate, since it is impossible to scrupulously take into account all the parameters.

Approximate calculation sequence for a common model tractor + trailer:

• From the vehicle registration certificate we take information about the mass of the car and the mass of the trailer.

• We define actual mass of cargo. This is the most difficult stage, since the invoice data does not always correctly reflect this information.

• We carry out the calculation for the trailer. To do this, we add the mass of the trailer and the mass of the cargo, since part of the trailer's load is transferred to the tractor, we adjust the value downward. The most common is a load ratio of 25% for the tractor and 75% for the trailer. Accordingly, we determine 75% of the sum of the masses of the cargo and the trailer. Divide the resulting value by the number of axles.

• Now we determine the weight on the axle of the tractor. To 25% of the sum of the mass of the cargo and the mass of the trailer, the mass of the tractor itself is added.

• As well as for the trailer, we take it as 75% of the value obtained. The resulting value is divided by the number of rear axles of the tractor. We define the load on the front axle as 25%. As a result, the values ​​for all axles of the tractor and trailer are obtained. You should be guided to any maximum value, it is precisely this that is taken into account at weight posts.

There are calculators on the Internet that allow you to make calculations automatically. An exact answer can only be given by a measurement made by specialized devices used in weight control.

Video - how to avoid congestion fines using the ALM system:

Types of weight control

Weighing stations are stationary and mobile.

Video - the work of the weight control point and fines for overloading a truck:

Stationary are located in predetermined places, the movement of personnel and equipment is not carried out on them.

mobile weight control posts equipped on the basis car vans are able to quickly change their location and turn into an unexpected surprise for truck owners.

Weight control is carried out in dynamic and static mode.

Dynamic the measurement mode is carried out when a truck is moving at a low speed using special sensors. Which sequentially take readings on each of the axles of the car. The speed of movement should not be more than 5 km/h. minus this method is a significant, sometimes up to 3% measurement error.

Video - how weight control should work on the road:

Static way is more accurate. The measurement is made with the car stationary. The method allows to measure both the total mass of the vehicle and the axle loads.

Fines for overloading a truck in 2019

For violation of the rules for the carriage of goods in terms of the permissible mass and permissible axial loads, penalties are provided. The amount of the fine for reloading a truck is indicated in article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - LINK.

The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for the following types of punishment:

• In paragraph 1 of Art. 12.21.1 in case of exceeding allowed values from 2 to 10% without a issued permit, or a similar excess of the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the permit, provides for a fine for the driver (hereinafter - B) up to 1500 r, executive(hereinafter referred to as DL) up to 15,000 rubles, a legal entity (hereinafter referred to as a legal entity) up to 150,000 rubles.

• In paragraph 2 of Art. 12.21.1 the same, if values ​​​​are exceeded from 10 to 20% without a formalized permit, it provides for a fine for B up to 4000 r, DL up to 30000 r, YL up to 300000 r.

• In paragraph 3 of Art. 12.21.1 the same, if values ​​​​from 20 to 50% are exceeded without permission, it provides for a fine for B up to 10,000 rubles (or deprivation of rights up to 4 months), DL up to 40,000 rubles, legal entities up to 400,000 rubles.

• In paragraph 4 of Art. 12.21.1 the same in case of exceeding the values ​​agreed in the permit from 10 to 20% than the fine for B up to 3500 r, DL up to 25000 r, YL up to 250000 r.

• In paragraph 5 of Art. 12.21.1 the same in case of exceeding the values ​​agreed in the permit from 20 to 50% than the fine for B up to 3500 r, DL up to 25000 r, YL up to 250000 r.

• In paragraph 6 of Art. 12.21.1 the same, if the values ​​agreed in the permit are exceeded by more than 50% or without permission, it provides for a fine for B up to 10,000 rubles (or deprivation of the right to drive up to six months), DL up to 50,000 rubles, legal entities up to 500,000 rubles. It should be taken into account that except for a fine in all paragraphs 1 to 6 of this article it is planned to detain vehicles with direction to a special parking lot.

• In paragraph 11 of Article 12.21.1, the same, if the values ​​\u200b\u200bexceeded indicated on a special limiting sign, entail a fine of 5000 rubles.

Attention! For violations provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, individual entrepreneurs bear administrative responsibility as legal entities!

Things to Remember

There are a number of important points to keep in mind. In order to get into the ranks of violators, it will be enough if even one axle exceeds the permitted load norms.

Video - about overload, fines, axle loads (interpretation of controversial points):

If you are sure that you are right and that there is no overload, you should pay attention to the equipment that was measured, it must be certified and officially be a measuring instrument.

In the near future, car owners will have to face automatic system weight control and video recording, which will be able to measure at car speeds up to 140 km/h. A receipt with a fine will be sent in the same way as those sent for speeding.

In conclusion, it is worth adding that the conscientious control of the cargo carrier over the weight parameters of his vehicle will not only save the roadway, but also save time and significant cash on fines. Good luck on the roads!

Yes, truckers are not allowed to "get bored" - one thing is worth it.

Alexander

Thank you Super!!!)))

Albina

Good afternoon There is a notification about the appearance at the trial on the case of overload on the 2nd axle (it was 6,930 kg at a rate of 6000) Can we refer to the fact that the correct distribution of the load is the responsibility of the driver. And we, as consignors, did not violate the norm for overloading, and all the blame is only on the driver, because. in the process of loading or during transportation, the driver himself could move the load. Thank you Or how can we properly avoid paying a fine, because. we are an LLC and the fine is 250,000 rubles.

Dmitriy

Good afternoon, in accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Sobz, the maximum allowable weight of a road train is 40 tons, given that this is an INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENT, and international agreements are “above” national in terms of supremacy, it is better not to carry more than 40 tons

Vladimir

Standard a\crane KS-45719 on the MAZ-5337 chassis. Load on the rear axle 11500kg (indicated in the crane passport and on the cab label), in fact even more. On what roads can it travel? resolution on a fine for an enterprise (Kostroma, auto scales-invisible) -300tyr.

Sergey

Purely theoretically, I thought, and if the rear axles are “pushed apart” on this crane, then it will already pass through the scales. It seems that there are not many alterations, jet rods and cardan can be ordered according to size, springs can also be picked up or assembled from sheets yourself.

Valentine

Automatic weight and dimension control systems have been operating in Russia for a long time. At the same time, for minimal overloads even on one axle (within an error of + - 400 kg), fines come on the owner of the vehicle. And if the owner is a legal entity. Then keep 150 thousand rubles. for exceeding 2% of the permitted weight. Moreover, the automation will not determine that in the process of movement a shift of the load may occur. In general, in the near future there will be a lot of appeals against such decisions.

Edward

I worked for the owner now I got a fine, although I, as a driver, just paid the inspector mixed up the names. the judge said that there is no difference to whom they wrote out

Yuri

I have a three-axle tractor and a three-axle P / tank trailer. By total mass We do not carry overload, but it happens along the axes. I don’t understand, overload by the total mass of the road train is a fine higher than with axial overload ???

Michael

Indeed, I also heard such information that in the near future an automated weight control system will be installed on the roads. And having fixed the overload, receipts with a fine will be sent to the violator. By analogy with a system that fixes speeding. And then we will live, Plato will then seem like a trifle. I understand perfectly well that the road is deteriorating, I understand that any mistake with overload leads to irreparable and unpredictable. But an adequate and qualified driver will never allow an overload on purpose and will distribute the load evenly along the axles. And grabbers and receipts will not stop.

Leonid

But in fact, those who deliberately overload their trucks and dump trucks harm everyone. First of all, the roads on which we drive suffer. These are not only pits and potholes, but also deep rutting. Here in our region there is a road Gomel - Bryansk, I often travel along it, and so in the direction from Gomel the gauge is 20-25 centimeters, but there is no gauge in the opposite direction. Why? Yes, because loaded trucks go from Belarus to Moscow, and empty back! The desire of the driver is quite understandable - he loaded more, transported more, and received more. But! Other members of the movement suffer. Therefore, axle load control is important and should be carried out on all significant federal highways.

Andrey

severity automobile laws in Russia, as we know, it is compensated by corrupt traffic cops.

Lyokha

On the one hand, any average static driver (if he does not drive trucks) is “in a drum” with all these layouts for overloads, axle load calculations, and so on. On the other hand, both use the same road, and the condition of this road primarily depends on trucks. It is they who give the main load on the roadbed. Therefore, car owners of passenger cars have every right to participate in the discussion of such problems and ask questions, and demand the fulfillment of load standards in case of violation. In my region, after the appearance of the Mirotorg company, the roads simply began to fall apart before our eyes. In some they invest in repairs, but not always. I pay honestly transport tax and I want to drive on normal roads.

Leonid

Tin, it looks like they will soon be fined for everything. And so taxes were raised, and now for overload. Even if not overloaded, they will find something to dig into. And as they say: "The Russian court, the most humane court in the world." So it will be useless to go there in case of anything.

Dmitriy

Theory is good and right, but we must not forget that the rules are applied in our country in different ways from region to region. So when planning a route, be sure to look for reviews about local posts and attitudes towards them. I read about what is happening in Karelia, Tatarstan, Bashkiria - we, for example, do not yet have such a tough guy.

SuperMakarij

The development of fleets of heavy trucks already in the seventies of the last century has greatly changed the operation of highways. Heavyweights destroyed the roadbed, sometimes knocking out ruts in the existing asphalt. Overloading of vehicles affects not only the quality of road operation, but also technical condition vehicles and their trouble-free operation. Especially the problem of overloading trucks has been growing since the 90s, when private fleets began to develop at an accelerated pace in the country. Together with them went the excitement of earning at any cost, to the detriment of the rules for the operation of trucks and road safety. The measures taken by the government to regulate and control the rules for the transportation of goods are forced and require drivers to do one thing - their implementation.

Vladimir

The trouble is this! Control over the overload of a truck, of course, must be tough and it must be carried out for the sake of protecting the roadway and environment. But on the other hand, why are they introducing additional fees for truckers (the Platon system), constantly increasing excise taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel? Truckers are forced to go to the trick, overloading their cars in order to achieve at least some profit. Many IP - truckers leave the market, leaving their favorite business. And secondly: why is control over heavy trucks being tightened, but not for road workers? New roads do not even withstand a couple of winters, they are destroyed instantly!

Anton

I bought a truck in Moscow (loner 2 axles), drove it home, loading it with my own cargo. Near Novosib, I got on automation with an overweight on the axle (the load shifted). RESULT: I am the owner, non-commercial cargo, PENALTY 300t.r. …. how is this??? It is not easier to dispossess us of kulaks right away, why such complex schemes?

Sergey

Our legislators, regulating norms and the Code of Administrative Offenses, act according to the scheme - "where or how to work, if only not to work." They draw up tables, publish articles about exceeding the permissible values, but only without regard to quality. Russian roads currently and in the future. Everything seems to be fine, the driver complies with all the norms for a certain quality of the road, the axle load rate is less than the permissible one, then after driving along a part of the “killed” road, he breaks the chassis of the car. But the pits, in fact, are the same load on the axle, only to worsen the operation of vehicles. In terms of axle load, it should take into account not only how the roads will suffer from overload, but also what losses the car owner will incur from their unacceptable quality. To begin with, normal laws on the guarantee from the contractor of the highway and strict measures for their violation should be introduced.

Viktor Alexandrovich

Yes, trucks do not always spoil the roads! The track is light everywhere, it's from the spikes. Does the government not know about this? Even as he knows, but does nothing, because the result is not needed by anyone, but this movement-hype is needed. Tell me how the driver should observe the axial when transporting timber, lumber? There are no scales in the car, the density strongly depends on the humidity and type of wood. It is surprising that all the media and amateurs, who themselves have never loaded trucks all over the country, are replicating nonsense.

Alexander

I sincerely sympathize with the drivers of heavy trucks - as a rule, they do not solve anything in various cargo-economic scenarios and are forced to go to violations so as not to lose their jobs. It's just that they have to answer.

Sergey

I have been to Poland by car and have not seen any rutting there, although there are many tractors moving along the roads, which means that it is not about cars, but about the quality of the canvas!

Anatoly

Of course, overloading a truck is an indicator of the use of a car, which should always be under control, both for the driver and for the responsible persons of enterprises or organizations. It is not in vain that the legislation provides for responsibility for the state of loading not only on these persons, but also on the organization itself. All this in order to avoid, as they say, shifting all responsibility to the driver. The driver, carrying out the commands of the company's management for the transportation of goods that are beyond the weight, should not be a whipping boy. Yes, and he is responsible not only for fines, but sometimes for his own life. It would be desirable, that, especially heads or owners of the small enterprises understood it. Do you want to receive big profit, organize a decent job for the driver, provide appropriate permits in a timely manner, if necessary, send the car along a route where the road surface can withstand the weight of a loaded car. There should be a serious study of the implementation of such work, and not according to the principle “I said”, but at least don’t flourish there. And if everything that depends on you is done, then let the driver be responsible for all deviations and violations.

Eugene

And I will tell you this - all this weight control carried out by government agencies is in fact ineffective! The fact is that the vast majority of furists are well aware of where stationary scales are located and the places where mobile load measurement points are most often installed. And even at the stage of loading their truck at the logistics warehouse, knowing in advance that they will have an advantage, drivers develop a route of movement bypassing all checkpoints of weight and load. Plus, in almost every truck there is a short-wave receiver-transmitter (walkie-talkie), with the help of which truck drivers communicate on a certain channel, who share the situation on the road, the presence of a traffic police post or scales.
Thus, less than 5 percent of violators come across in the nets of our security forces, that is, it is like catching small fish with a net with a large mesh - whoever gapes or sucks pays! On the other hand, these are certainly obvious pests. After all, what happens is that the carrier alone profits from the overweight, and we all repair the roads together (for our taxes). Therefore, I think that a truck with an advantage is a common enemy !! Some kind of non-resident stray will pass by my city, and he doesn’t care, but I still have to drive here all my life.

Nicholas

I don’t know how they cheat with overload and axle load, but the fact is that they violate it, and often. A few years ago, I often had to travel around federal highways and drew attention to the fact that stationary weight control applies to truckers in different ways. Some have a clear overload, they are barely pulled uphill, they are pressed to the ground, and no one pays attention to them. It's all about the numbers, which region, this and the attitude. Sometimes there were mobile measurement points, here the loyalty of the inspectors fell, they were much stricter. There are many acquaintances who work on long lengths, and all of them have their own tricks to bypass the weight control. But, as usual, the employer (private trader) immediately finances the driver with funds for fines. Someone finds workarounds, but apparently it's cheaper to pay a fine than to drive multiple flights. It is clear that everyone wants to earn money, everyone has their own truth, the human factor rules here. I got the money on my paw - I closed my eyes. The Plato system was introduced, but what has changed? We, the drivers, suffer passenger cars- The roads are smashed to bits. A few years ago we spent overhaul a bypass road along Saratov, not even a couple of years have passed - the track has turned into an accordion. Who is to blame here - the road builders? Perhaps, but when a car rolls with the weight of a railway wagon, which road will withstand it.

Laura

At first glance, I seem to be far from all these long-range problems, but on the other hand, I often have to drive along the highway, which the trucks have chosen. And meet with them often. And sometimes I get scared. It is quite narrow there and sometimes the trucks begin to rock in a childish way, it is noticeable that they are overloaded, it is not easy for them to keep their monsters. More than once I was driven not just to the side of the road, but into a ditch, monsters.

Macarius

March, the first month of spring, is coming to an end, in just a few weeks in the central regions of Russia, the snowmelt will basically end, and the earth will begin to thaw from its winter permafrost. The most dangerous time for the operation of roads and the time of responsibility for their unreasonable use. During the thawing period, the earth literally sags under any vehicles. Ruts appear on dirt roads, sometimes very deep, especially from the passage of heavy tractors, such as John Deere, KA - 700 and others. The same thing happens on paved roads under the wheels. heavy vehicles. Even in high-quality asphalt, ruts are filled, which can be corrected only by a complete re-laying of the roadbed. It is no coincidence that at this time the most close attention is being paid to the overload of cars moving on the roads. various services, especially HBBD. It must also be remembered that general overload vehicle and exceeding the standard pressure on the axles of cars, not only destroy roads, but can also harm their serviceability. Explosions of wheels while driving, their breakage, followed by overturning of the trailer or the entire truck, are not uncommon. And the fines applied to drivers and car owners, in this case, are correct and justified.

Anton

Of course, in all the troubles and violations on the roads, as a rule, only the driver is to blame. After all, a traffic police officer who stopped a car on the road will not look for the owner of the car or the head of the enterprise that owns the car. And the inspector is strict with the driver. Our company has a well-equipped shop for loading and dispatching products. And there are several types of loading facilities, and an excellent weight room, where scales are installed that can weigh heavy vehicles with trailers. Once I was closely following the loading, the movers fulfilled all my requirements for evenly stacking the load on the platform of the body. When weighed, the total weight of the truck and trailer did not exceed the legal limit for my vehicle. Quietly left for the flight. Before reaching the city of Voronezh, at the point control weighing my car was weighed very carefully and according to their scales, the total weight of the car was allegedly overloaded by 20%. Of course, I could not prove anything, I paid to go further. So it turns out the country is one, the legislation is one, but the scales are different. Although we have modern, electronic scales at our enterprise, the recipient rarely sets the weight when unloading. It seems to me that it is necessary in the country, when adopting new rules, first to put things in order in the instruments of control, and then to control.

Sergey

Of course laws are written to be enforced (or bypassed). In the Tula region, every day in the spring at the entrance to the city, just at my garages, they install a Gazelle with the inscription "Weight control" and a traffic police car. When I go out of the garage with curiosity, I watch the same picture from year to year. A truck is coming, they stop, they look inside, they climb to look at something. Then they check the documents. Naturally, we are not even talking about any weighing. Then the driver first gets into the traffic police car, then goes into the "Gazelle" and leaves from there putting a piece of paper into his wallet. Once he did not hesitate to ask the driver what they gave him, it turned out to be a receipt for the overweight. So the question is, how did they determine the advantage - apparently by the method of a cursory glance. And by the way, I regularly pay a transport tax, and I drive on broken roads. So I want to understand this everywhere in our country this is how the advantage is determined, or only in the Tula region. Moreover, this post stands at a fork in the road - one to Tula, the other to the Don highway. And trucks naturally turn everything!!! to the Don, since they are forbidden to enter the city. Those. A fine is taken for the Don highway, and at the exit from the Tula region there is another similar mobile weight control post that releases cars onto this highway. So it is not clear who is stealing this money from whom, and whose area of ​​responsibility is there.

Anatoly

Oleg

The destruction of the road surface in Russia is headache all drivers. Many reasons wrong tire(for example, studded tires are prohibited in Europe), environmental conditions, track loading, performance quality road works. One of the reasons is the overload of the car, transmitted to the road through the load on the axle of the car. Axle load is the load from the mass of the car, transferred to the road surface by the wheels of one axle. It is with too much overload of the car that the destruction of the road surface occurs.
The mass of the car and the load on its axles are related by the ratio - the entire mass is divided by the load on the axles of the car (if there are two of them, then by two, if there are three, then by three). More load on the back.
On some sections of the road there is a prohibition sign 3.12, which prohibits the movement of vehicles whose axle load exceeds that indicated on the sign. Violation is punishable by a fine, i.e. shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five thousand roubles.
There are two types of weighing: dynamic and static. Dynamic - without stopping at a speed of no more than 5 km / h., Statistical - this is a complete stop, it is the most accurate. Depending on the mass more than the permitted norm, the fine changes. In addition, for violations stipulated by part 1 - 6 of article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the vehicle is sent to a fine parking lot, and if this is not technically feasible, then its movement is prohibited using special blocking means.
If excess weight has been allowed legal entities or individual entrepreneurs, then they are fined from 250 to 400 thousand rubles.

Anatoly

The new asphalt pavement becomes undulating in a year, it is impossible to drive.

Dima

They don’t want to make normal roads, so they invent restrictions. In the EU, Turkey, the maximum load is 60t. And the roads are like glass

Anatoly Ivanovich

Life flows and everything in it changes. The legislation on reloading trucks is quite stable, only the control system is changing, which is increasingly moving towards computer science or cybernetics. In Russia, control systems for overloading cars are already working, which can determine it at speeds up to 140 kilometers per hour. Is it good or bad. On the one hand, technologies for determining overload are being developed, simplified and, accordingly, accelerated, and also lead to almost irrevocable punishment for detected violations. This is good. But in other way modern technology control is not entirely perfect, during its operation large deviations from the actual pressure indicators on the vehicle axle are allowed. Therefore, a lot of dissatisfied drivers and car owners, unjustified expenses for the transportation of goods, the cost of which is already quite high. What to do? Of course, as always, be patient, be glad that you managed to avoid this control when working on the roads and try your best not to overload the truck to please the customers, to correctly place the cargo in the back, both in size and weight. All this will help to avoid undeserved punishments. And all this will pass.

Anatoly

Like it or not, but the federal law on highways must be followed. But even without overloading the car, in some cases, it can not be done. It is especially necessary to overload the car when transporting solid structures or large products that fit in the car body in size, and in terms of weight and, accordingly, the axle load of the cargo mass, an advantage is obtained. In our organization, the transportation safety department in this case issues special permits for the transportation of such goods, which takes some time and, for this reason, a simple car is allowed. With a small excess, the decision to issue such a permit is made quickly, in one day, but with an overload of more than ten percent, the enterprise service has to work hard to prove the need for such actions. We had a case once. We loaded two structures onto the car body, which together exceeded the permitted carrying capacity of the car. The car, waiting for permission to transport this cargo, stood for about ten days, continuous losses for the enterprise. Permission was never given, one structure had to be removed from the body platform, as a result, permission was not required. For two flights during the day, the structures were transported to their destination. I think that in this case it is not the federal law that is to blame for the losses incurred by the enterprise, but the slow-wittedness and sluggishness of our responsible services, they do not know how to count money.

Sergey Sergeevich

If the axle load is normal, but the driver took an emergency vehicle for towing along the way, then, based on the laws of physics, the traction force will also increase weight load on the axle. The rules nowhere indicate such cases, although if everything is taken into account according to the standard, then a fine should be imposed, if the human factor is taken into account, then no. It is interesting how the traffic police regulates this.

In the field of cars and everything connected with them, there are two such concepts as gross weight and curb weight of the car. These are two characteristics that are always talked about in theoretical classes at a driving school, but many even the most avid drivers manage to forget this terminology. In order to make it clear what all this means and how it affects the machine itself, let's try to consider this issue in detail.

Brief interpretation of the term

So, the curb weight of the car is the total weight of the car. It includes all running parts, all interior content (including audio-video equipment), as well as consumables such as engine oil, coolant and fuel (full tank). The indicator of this weight unit does not include the weight of the driver and passengers, as well as cargo and other parts that do not affect the operation running system cars. Based on the term itself, one can understand that this is the very “equipment”, that is, equipment that provides full readiness to the process of movement, braking, sliding, and so on.

Gross and curb weight of the car: differences

Unlike the curb weight indicator, the full weight also includes the weight of the driver, passengers and transported goods. It is clear that all people are different, and each is characterized by its own mark on the scales. The same applies to luggage - you can pack the car in such a way that it will not budge. That is why among motorists the concept of "permissible gross vehicle weight" is most often used. Each car has its own maximum resolvable mark, it all depends on the manufacturer, the materials used in the building, as well as on the structure of the body and other load-bearing parts. It is important not to load your car so that this indicator is exceeded. Otherwise, the body will gradually deform, as well as bridge systems and other parts that are attached to the suspension.

Exceptions to Machine Rules

As mentioned above, the curb weight of the car is the weight that is characteristic of it with full “equipment”, with the presence of all Supplies and accessories. However, in some European countries this weight unit also includes the weight of the driver, but only if it does not exceed 75 kilograms. The Europeans came to this conclusion because it is the driver who causes the car to move, and without him the driving process will become impossible. In Russia, the curb weight of a car is, in addition to all the details mentioned, also spare wheel, tools that can come in handy on the road in case of an accident or breakdown, and sometimes a can of spare fuel.

Machine weight and its maximum speed threshold

It is also known from the lessons of physics that heavier objects will always move at a lower speed, since they have to overcome more resistance. What does the curb weight of the car and its specifications how do they interact with each other? In order not to delve into the study of the features of each model of each brand of modern cars, we will consider this issue on two types of cars: a two-seater coupe and an SUV. The weight of the first car, of course, is small. Yes, a considerable share is occupied by the engine, injectors and everything that provides fast acceleration sports car. However, her body is small, there are only two seats in the cabin, luggage compartment absent. The mass of the jeep is two or even three times more, it has five or six seats, multi-liter trunk. Takes up a lot of space and fuel tank, which is always extremely large. Logically, the Audi TT RS will move faster and more agile than

permitted maximum weight- 3.29 permissible maximum mass: The mass of the equipped PPP and the personnel of the combat crew and anti-terrorist equipment carried by it, established by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable. Source: GOST R 53330 2009: Autofoam lifters ... ...

Permitted maximum vehicle weight- Permissible maximum mass of the equipped vehicle with cargo, driver and passengers, set by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable. For the permitted maximum mass of a vehicle composition ... Official terminology

permitted maximum vehicle weight- 3.2. gross vehicle weight: The maximum weight of a vehicle (V) approved by an authority, subject to the limits set by that authority. 3.3 technically permissible ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Permissible maximum weight [in road traffic]- the mass of the equipped vehicle with cargo, driver and passengers, established by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable. For the permitted maximum mass of the composition of vehicles, that is, coupled and ... ... Dictionary of legal concepts

maximum- maximum: The maximum possible length of the ZO, within which the requirements of this standard and technical specifications (TS) for detectors of specific types are met, Source: GOST R 52651 2006: And ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Maximum takeoff weight- 15. Maximum take-off weight The highest take-off weight of an aircraft allowed in operation, subject to limitations due to strength, aerodynamics, safety of take-off and subsequent flight during take-off under the conditions specified for this mass ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

This article or section describes the situation in relation to only one region. You can help Wikipedia by adding information for other countries and regions. IN Russian Federation in accordance with the Federal Law of December 10 ... Wikipedia

This article or section describes the situation in relation to only one region. You can help Wikipedia by adding information for other countries and regions... Wikipedia

GOST R 52851-2007: Trucks. Data exchange between chassis and body (platform) manufacturers. Chassis dimensions required for the design of bodies (platforms). Conventions- Terminology GOST R 52851 2007: Trucks. Data exchange between chassis and body (platform) manufacturers. Chassis dimensions required for the design of bodies (platforms). Conventions original document: 3.4 driven axle: axle… … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

GOST R 52852-2007: Trucks. Data exchange between chassis and body (platform) manufacturers. General data, mass indicators, administrative information. Conventions- Terminology GOST R 52852 2007: Trucks. Data exchange between chassis and body (platform) manufacturers. General data, mass indicators, administrative information. Legend original document: 3.1 VER1) code (BEP code): ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

The overall dimensions of trucks are set in accordance with accepted international standards and regulations of individual countries. The regulation is designed primarily to ensure the safety of traffic, the safety of transported goods and environmental standards. The EU has a simplified system of national rules, the purpose of which is to create equal conditions and facilitate the process of transport between member states of the European Union. In the recent past, these rules were also necessary to prevent discrepancies in the size of transported goods, which, after motor transport, are transferred for transportation to the railroad.
Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 established standardized dimensions and maximum weights for cross-border freight transport. Their observance is obligatory at least in the territory of the European Union. Each Member State may, in its national legislation (for example, in Germany, these are the rules of the road), may slightly modify the established restrictions.

International Classification of Goods Vehicles (ATS)

		Gross weight (tons)	Notes
			Trucks, special vehicles
	Vehicles with an engine designed for the transport of goods	Over 3.5 to 12.0
	Vehicles with an engine designed for the transport of goods		Trucks, tractors, special vehicles
	PBX without a driver		Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without a driver	Over 0.75 to 3.5	Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without a driver	Over 3.5 to 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without a driver		Trailers and semi-trailers

Currently in Russia transportation of heavy and oversized cargo is regulated by:

• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272. Appendix 2 does not distinguish between single or dual wheels.
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 9, 2014 No. 12, come into force t Only from January 1, 2015 of the year.

18.75 m

24.0 tons

10.0 tons

11.5 tons

40.0 tons

Permissible truck sizes in Europe

dimensions (meter)

Width (standard truck)

Width (refrigerator)

Truck length

trailer length

Length of a saddle train

Road train length

Length of the three-axle bus

Articulated bus length

Maximum weight of trucks in Europe. Truck axle loads in Europe

maximum weight for axles (tons)

Non-driving axle

drive axle

double cart

triple cart

total weight of single truck (tons)

2 axle truck

Three axle truck

four-axle truck

total trailer weight (tons)

Double axle trailer

3 axle trailer

total weight of road train (tons)

Three-axle truck train

Four-axle truck train

Five-axle truck train

Six-axle truck train

Four-axle road train

Five-axle road train

Six-axle road train

Three-axle bus

Permissible mass of a road train in Russia. Maximum axle load in Russia.

Application №2
to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road (as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 12 dated January 9, 2014)

Permissible axle loads of vehicles

	Distance between closely spaced axes (meters)	Permissible axle loads of wheeled vehicles depending on the standard (calculated) axle load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axle
		for highways designed for an axle load of 6 tons / axle ( * )	for highways designed for an axle load of 10 tons/axle	for highways designed for an axle load of 11.5 tons/axle
Single axles
Tandem axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractor vehicles, truck tractors with distance between axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 and more
Triple axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors with distance between axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	up to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)		21 (22,5 ** )
	from 1.8 and more
Contiguous axles of trucks, tractors, truck tractors, trailers and semi-trailers with more than three axles at a distance between axles (one axle load)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 and more
Contiguous axles of vehicles with eight or more wheels on each axle (load per axle)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 and more

(* ) In the event that the owner of the road establishes the appropriate road signs and posts information on the vehicle's axial load permissible for the road on its official website.
(** ) For vehicles with single wheels equipped with air suspension or equivalent.

Notes:

1. Values ​​in parentheses are for dual wheels, outside brackets are for single wheels.
2. Axles with single and double wheels, combined in a group of close axles, should be considered as close axles with single wheels, with the exception of a two-axle bogie with a dump axle.
3. For tandem and triple axles structurally integrated into a common bogie, the permissible axle load is determined by dividing the total bogie load by the corresponding number of axles.
4. The permissible axle load for a two-axle bogie with an axle to be discharged is assumed to be equal to the ratio of 60 percent of the allowable load on a two-axle bogie for the driving axle and 40% for the axle to be discharged.

European norms for the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines of trucks

The requirements of the UN General Assembly regarding the emissions of pollutants for heavy trucks equipped with diesel engine, g/(kWh)
Each truck must be marked in accordance with its standard. Letters of the Latin alphabet are used for designation.

Standard (year)	Carbon monoxide - CO	Hydrocarbons - HC	Nitric oxide - N0x		Smoke
Euro 0 (1988)
Euro 1 (1992)
Euro 2 (1996)
Euro 3 (2000)
Euro 4 (2005)
Euro 5 (2008)
Euro 6 (2013)

A motor vehicle that meets the relevant requirements is identified by a letter placed on the cab or truck bumper:

• U - "Umwelt" ("Nature"), Euro-1 standard,
• E - "Green Lorry" ("Green Truck"). The concept of "Green Lorry" includes the following requirements: emission standards for pollutants EURO-2, noise standards - 78-80 dBA. On such a truck, a certificate of conformity is filled out and a plate U or E is installed
• S - "Supergreen" ("Very green"), Euro-2 standard
• G - Greener and Safe Lorry
• L - "Larmarm Kraftfahzeuge" (tractor with low level noise) in Austria since December 1, 1989, a truck moving at night (from 22:00 to 5:00) on the territory of Austria must comply with these noise standards.

Since 2001, another definition of a vehicle has been introduced - “EURO-3 safe”, it has been in force since 2002. Such a truck must comply with the EURO-3 standards in terms of emissions, and the usual 78-80 dBA in terms of noise. Then a green sign with a white border and a white number 3 is hung.
For cars that comply with "EURO-4" and "EURO-5" signs are green with a white border and the numbers 4 and 5.

All of the above signs must be without fail be confirmed by the manufacturer's certificate and be on board the vehicle.

Amendments to Federal Law No. 248-FZ dated July 13, 2015 regulating the movement of heavy and large vehicles.

In the Federal Law "On highways and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation" the concepts of "heavy cargo" and " bulky cargo” are replaced by the terms “heavy vehicle” and “oversized vehicle”, respectively.
The federal law introduces a ban on the movement on highways of heavy vehicles and large vehicles carrying goods that are not indivisible, with the exception of large vehicles carrying out movement on the basis of special permits, the dimensions of which are no more than 2 percent higher than the permissible ones.
The federal law improves the procedure for carrying out procedures related to the issuance of special permission for the movement on highways of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle, as well as a vehicle carrying dangerous goods.
The right to issue a special permit for the movement of a vehicle transporting dangerous goods on the roads is assigned to the Rostransnadzor of Russia.
It is established that the relevant authorized bodies may issue special permits for the movement of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles on the roads through their authorized subordinate organizations.
In addition, the Federal Law provides for the possibility of driving on heavy vehicles, the mass of which, with or without cargo and (or) the axle load of which is no more than 2 percent higher than the permissible mass of the vehicle and (or) the permissible axle load, without special permissions.
If the axle load of a heavy vehicle exceeds the permissible axle load of the vehicle by more than 2 percent, but not more than 10 percent, a special permit is issued under a simplified procedure.
The federal law also establishes that a special permit is issued within a period of not more than one day from the date of confirmation of the payment of a fee to compensate for harm caused by a heavy vehicle.
For violation deadlines coordination of routes for a heavy-weight vehicle and (or) large-size vehicle or the period for issuing a special permit or an unreasonable refusal to agree on such routes, as well as for violation of the rules for the movement of a heavy-weight and (or) large-size vehicle, the Federal Law provides for administrative liability.

An excursion into the history of the formation of restrictions on the size of trucks

The main regulatory document regarding restrictions on the size of commercial vehicles in Europe is Council Directive 96/53/EC. The first states of the old world that changed allowable length and the mass of road trains up to 25.25 m and 60 tons were Sweden and Finland. In these countries, the operation of two types of road trains is allowed: formed from a three-axle tractor and a 5-axle trailer, made on the basis of a serial 3-axle semi-trailer with a 2-axle bogie, and semi-trailer road trains (SPA), where a 2-axle trailer is attached to a serial semi-trailer trailer, usually with a central axle.
On domestic roads road trains of new models appeared a long time ago. They ply between the cities of Sweden, Finland and St. cars. The situation is similar in the CIS countries. The useful volume of such road trains reaches 160 cubic meters.
The Scandinavian states did not immediately come to the length of road trains of 25.5 meters. At first they managed to allow trucks 24 meters long. standards defining allowable norms there are no masses of trucks and tractors in the post-Soviet space now. The only suitable GOST was canceled more than 25 years ago. According to it, the total mass of a 5-axle saddle or single-trailer road train should not exceed 40 tons, length 20 meters, and with two trailers - 24 meters.
Experts consider the “Agreement on the mass and dimensions of vehicles engaged in interstate transportation on the roads of the CIS member countries”, which entered into force on June 4, 1999, to be contradictory and thoughtless. The maximum permissible mass of a road train under this "agreement" should be 44 tons. Even in North American countries, which have the world's toughest regulations for axle loads and masses of road trains, this figure is 48 tons. A similar situation is with a 6-axle saddle train, the mass of which should not exceed 38 tons. At the same time, in the European Union, in accordance with EU Directive No. 96/53, the permissible mass of a road train is 44 tons.
China has the most liberal attitude to the size of trucks. Any restrictions there exist only on paper. According to the documents, regulations similar to EU Directive No. 96/53 / EC are regulated, but there are “monsters” of huge sizes on the roads.
IN North America the length of the semi-trailer should not exceed 16.15 m, and the width - 2.6 m. In Europe, similar restrictions are stricter: length - 13.6 m, width - 2.6 m. Due to such disagreements regarding acceptable standards, the transportation process is complicated cargo containers. So 45, 48 and 53 foot containers are not found in Europe at all, although they are widely used in the USA and Canada.

What is an Autotrain?

A road train is considered to be a car with an arbitrary number of trailers or a tractor car.
A feature of such a vehicle is the presence of a towing device. The use of road trains increases the use of the power potential of cars, reduces the cost of transportation, increases productivity, reduces the need for drivers, reduces fuel consumption per 1 ton of transported cargo by increasing the maximum allowable volume of cargo that can be transported at a time by one freight vehicle.

Classification of trucks by purpose

All trucks can be divided into the following popular categories by body type:

• Tents, semi-trailers - the most common type of truck. Used to transport any cargo. Loading of the body is carried out from any side, which greatly simplifies this process. The average lifting capacity varies from 20 to 25 tons;
• Refrigerators, semi-trailers are semi-trailers that are equipped with refrigeration units necessary for the transport of perishable products. Temperature in the refrigerator: from +25 to -25. The average carrying capacity of these types of trucks is 12-20 tons;
• Automatic coupler is a car and a trailer to it. They are very convenient in terms of loading / unloading. They can carry almost any cargo, except for long ones, as well as those requiring special conditions. Capacity: from 16 to 25 tons;
• jumbo are trailers increased capacity. The floor of the trailer is made in the form of the letter "G", and the diameter of the wheels is also reduced, due to which extra space. The average carrying capacity of such trailers is up to 20 tons;
• Container ship- a vehicle used to transport containers;
• tank truck- a vehicle used for the transportation of liquid and bulk cargo;
• car transporter- a vehicle used to transport cars;
• grain carrier- a vehicle used to transport grain;
• dump truck- a vehicle used for the transport of bulk cargo.

Terms used in transport documents

• "Freight car"- a vehicle equipped with a mechanical drive. Operated for the transportation of goods by road;
• "Vehicle"- a device on which cargo or passengers are installed for their transportation by road;
• "Road Train"- a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and a trailer (trailer road train), a tractor and a semi-trailer (saddle road train);
• "Tractor"- a vehicle equipped with its own engine and designed exclusively or primarily for the towing of a trailer or semi-trailer;
• "combined vehicle"- a combination of a car and a trailer (semi-trailer);
• "Full trailer" drawbar trailer - a towed vehicle having at least two axles, of which at least one axle is steerable and, in addition:
  - equipped with a towing device (drawbar), which has the ability to move vertically with respect to the tractor;
  - not transferring any significant vertical load to the tractor (not more than 100 daN).
  When a semi-trailer is coupled to a semi-trailer base bogie, it is considered a full trailer;
• "Semitrailer"- a towed vehicle that is intended to be connected to truck tractor(or with a semi-trailer base truck) and transfers a significant vertical load to the coupling device of the tractor (or to the semi-trailer base truck);
• "Semi-trailer trolley"- A trailer with a central axle equipped with a fifth wheel coupling.
• "Maximum vehicle length"- the length of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Maximum Vehicle Width"- the width of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Maximum Vehicle Height"- the height of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Maximum Vehicle Weight"- the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Maximum axle weight"- mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the surface of the road, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Weight of the vehicle in running order"- the mass of the unladen vehicle with a body and a coupling device in the case of a tractor bus, or the mass of the chassis with a cab, if the manufacturer does not install a body, and / or a coupling device. This mass includes the masses of coolant, oils, at least 90% fuel, 100% other liquids (excluding used water), tools, driver (75 kg), and spare wheel.
• "Technically permissible maximum vehicle weight"- the maximum mass of the vehicle, due to its design and specified characteristics, set by the manufacturer vehicle.
• "Indivisible cargo"- cargo that cannot be divided during transportation due to the risk of damage or large expenditures of time and money;
• "Air Suspension"- a suspension system in which the shock-absorbing element is air, providing at least 75% of the shock-absorbing effect;

Freight forwarder or carrier? Three secrets and international cargo transportation

Forwarder or carrier: which one to choose? If the carrier is good and the forwarder is bad, then the first one. If the carrier is bad, and the forwarder is good, then the second one. Such a choice is simple. But how to decide when both applicants are good? How to choose from two seemingly equivalent options? The problem is that these options are not equal.

Scary stories of international transportation

BETWEEN THE HAMMER AND THE ANVIL.

It is not easy to live between a transportation customer and a very cunningly economical cargo owner. One day we received an order. Freight for three kopecks, additional conditions for two sheets, the collection is called .... Loading on Wednesday. The car is already in place on Tuesday, and by lunchtime the next day, the warehouse begins to slowly throw into the trailer everything that your forwarder has collected for his customers-recipients.

ENCHANTED PLACE - PTO KOZLOVICHI.

According to legends and experience, everyone who transported goods from Europe by road knows what a terrible place is the PTO Kozlovichi, Brest customs. What chaos the Belarusian customs officers are doing, they find fault in every possible way and tear at exorbitant prices. And it is true. But not all...

HOW UNDER THE NEW YEAR WE CARRIED DRY MILK.

Groupage loading at a consolidation warehouse in Germany. One of the cargoes is powdered milk from Italy, the delivery of which was ordered by the Forwarder .... A classic example of the work of the forwarder-"transmitter" (he does not delve into anything, he only passes along the chain).

Documents for international transport

International road transport of goods is very organized and bureaucratic, a consequence - for the implementation of international road transport loads, a bunch of unified documents are used. It doesn’t matter if it’s a customs carrier or an ordinary one – he won’t go without documents. Although it is not very exciting, we have tried to simply state the purpose of these documents and the meaning that they have. They gave an example of filling in TIR, CMR, T1, EX1, Invoice, Packing List...

Calculation of axle load for trucking

Purpose - to study the possibility of redistributing loads on the axles of the tractor and semi-trailer when changing the location of the cargo in the semi-trailer. And the application of this knowledge in practice.

In the system we are considering, there are 3 objects: a tractor $(T)$, a semi-trailer $(\large ((p.p.)))$ and a cargo $(\large (gr))$. All variables related to each of these objects will be superscripted $T$, $(\large (p.p.))$ and $(\large (gr))$ respectively. For example, the unladen weight of a tractor would be denoted as $m^(T)$.

Why don't you eat mushrooms? Customs exhaled sadness.

What is happening in the international road transport market? The Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation has banned the issuance of TIR Carnets without additional guarantees for several federal districts. And she notified that from December 1 of this year she would completely terminate the contract with the IRU as inappropriate Customs Union and makes non-childish financial claims.
IRU responded: “The explanations of the Russian Federal Customs Service regarding the alleged debt of ASMAP in the amount of 20 billion rubles are a complete fabrication, since all the old TIR claims have been fully settled ..... What do we, simple carriers, think?

Stowage Factor Weight and volume of cargo when calculating the cost of transportation

The calculation of the cost of transportation depends on the weight and volume of the cargo. For maritime transport, volume is most often decisive, for air transport it is weight. For road transport of goods, a complex indicator plays an important role. Which parameter for calculations will be chosen in a particular case depends on specific weight of cargo (Stowage Factor) .