Terms of maintenance and repair of motor vehicles. Coursework: Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles

20.06.2020

Brake system

We have adopted a planned warning system in our country car maintenance and repair. The essence of this system is that maintenance is carried out according to plan, and repairs - on demand.
The fundamental foundations of the preventive maintenance and repair system for vehicles are established by the current Regulations on the maintenance and repair of road transport rolling stock.

Maintenance includes the following types of work: cleaning and washing, control and diagnostic, fastening, lubricating, refueling, adjusting, electrical and other work performed, as a rule, without disassembling the units and removing individual components and mechanisms from the vehicle. If during maintenance it is impossible to verify the full serviceability of individual components, then they should be removed from the vehicle for control on special stands and instruments.

By frequency, car maintenance according to the current Regulations, it is divided into the following types: daily (EO), first (TO-1), second (TO-2) and seasonal (SO) maintenance.

The regulation provides for two types of repair of vehicles and its units: current repairs (TR), performed in motor transport enterprises, and major repairs (CR), performed at specialized enterprises.

Each type of maintenance (TO) includes a strictly established list (nomenclature) of works (operations) that must be performed. These operations are divided into two components - control and performing.

The control part (diagnostic) of maintenance operations is mandatory, and the execution part is performed as needed. This significantly reduces material and labor costs during maintenance of the rolling stock.

Diagnostics is part of the technological process of maintenance (TO) and current repair (TR) of cars, providing initial information about the technical condition of the car. characterized by purpose and place in the technological process of maintenance and repair.

Daily maintenance (EO) is performed daily after the car returns from the line between shifts and includes: inspection and inspection work on mechanisms and systems that ensure traffic safety, as well as the body, cab, lighting devices; cleaning and drying operations, as well as refueling the car with fuel, oil, compressed air and coolant. Car washing is carried out on demand, depending on weather, climatic conditions and sanitary requirements, as well as on the requirements for the appearance of the car.

First maintenance. TO 1

TO-1 consists in an external technical inspection of the entire vehicle and the performance of control and diagnostic, fixing, adjusting, lubricating, electrical and refueling work in the prescribed amount, checking the operation of the engine, steering, brakes and other mechanisms. The complex of diagnostic works (D-1), performed at or before TO-1, serves to diagnose the mechanisms and systems that ensure the safety of the vehicle.

TO-1 is carried out between shifts, periodically at set intervals for mileage and should ensure the trouble-free operation of the units, mechanisms and systems of the vehicle within the established frequency.

In-depth diagnosis of D-2 is carried out 1-2 days before TO-2 in order to provide information to the TO-2 zone about the upcoming scope of work, and if a large amount of current repair is detected, redirect the car to the current repair zone in advance.

Second maintenance. TO2

TO-2 includes the performance of fixing, adjusting, lubricating and other works in the prescribed volume, as well as checking the operation of units, mechanisms and instruments during operation. TO-2 is carried out with the removal of the car for 1-2 days from operation.

At ATP, D-1 and D-2 are combined in one area using combined stationary stands. At large ATPs and at centralized service bases, all diagnostic tools are centralized and optimally automate the repair and maintenance of the car.

Determination of the place of diagnostics in the technological process car maintenance and repair allows us to formulate the basic requirements for its means. To diagnose D-1 mechanisms that ensure traffic safety, high-speed automated tools are required for diagnosing brake mechanisms and steering.

To diagnose the car as a whole (D-2) and its units, stands with running drums are needed to determine the power and economic indicators, as well as the state of systems and assemblies, as close as possible to the conditions for their diagnosis to the conditions of the car. For diagnostics combined with maintenance and repair, mobile and portable diagnostic tools and devices should be used.

Seasonal maintenance

SA is carried out 2 times a year and is the preparation of rolling stock for operation in cold and warm seasons. It is recommended to conduct a separate SS for the rolling stock operating in the cold climate zone. For other climatic zones, CO is combined with TO-2 with a corresponding increase in the labor intensity of the main type of service.

Current repair and maintenance of cars

The current repair and maintenance of the car is carried out in motor transport enterprises or at ONE HUNDRED and consists in the elimination of minor malfunctions and failures of the car, contributing to the fulfillment of the established norms for the car's mileage before overhaul.

The purpose of diagnosing during current repairs is to identify a failure or malfunction and establish the most effective way to eliminate them: on the spot, with the removal of the unit or assemblies with their complete or partial disassembly or adjustment. The current repair and maintenance of the car consists in carrying out disassembly, plumbing, welding and other work, as well as replacing parts in the units (except for the base ones) and individual components and assemblies in the car (trailer, semi-trailer), requiring current or major repairs of the car, respectively.

During the current repair, the units on the car are changed only if the unit repair time exceeds the time required to replace it.

Car overhaul

KR of cars, units and assemblies is carried out at specialized repair enterprises, factories, workshops. It provides for the restoration of the performance of vehicles and units to ensure their mileage until the next overhaul or write-off, but not less than 80% of their mileage from the mileage standards for new vehicles and units.

During the overhaul of a car or unit, it is completely disassembled into components and parts, which are then repaired or replaced. After completing the parts, the units are assembled, tested and sent to the assembly of the car. With the impersonal method of repair, the car is assembled from previously repaired units.

Cars and buses are sent for overhaul if a major overhaul of its body is necessary. Trucks are sent for overhaul if overhaul of the frame, cab, as well as overhaul of at least three main units is necessary.

During its service life, a complete car is subjected, as a rule, to one major overhaul.

The purpose of diagnostics during a major overhaul is to check the quality of the repair.

Working programm

by discipline MDK 01.02 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles

under the basic training program

specialties 23.02.03 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles

graduate qualification technician

form of education full-time

1.1. Scope of the program

The program (hereinafter referred to as the work program) is part of the main professional educational program of the secondary vocational education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in the specialty of the secondary vocational education 23.02.03 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles(basic training) in terms of mastering the main type of professional activity (HPA) and relevant professional competencies (PC):

PC 1.1. Organize and carry out maintenance and repair of vehicles.

PC 1.2.

1.2. Goals and objectives of the IBC - requirements for the results of the development of the IBC

In order to master the specified type of professional activity and the relevant professional competencies, the student in the course of mastering the MDT must:

have practical experience:

development and assembly of units and components of the car;

technical control of operated transport;

performing maintenance and repairs.

be able to:

develop and implement the technological process of maintenance and repair of vehicles;

carry out technical control of vehicles;

evaluate the efficiency of production activities;

carry out an independent search for the necessary information to solve professional problems;

analyze and evaluate the state of labor protection at the production site.

know:

device and fundamentals of the theory of road transport rolling stock;

basic circuits for switching on electrical equipment elements;

properties and quality indicators of automotive operating materials;

rules for drawing up technical and reporting documentation;

qualification, main characteristics and technical parameters of road transport;

methods of assessment and quality control in professional activities;

the main provisions of the current regulatory documentation;

the basics of organizing the activities of the enterprise and its management;

rules and regulations of labor protection, industrial sanitation and fire protection.

MDK 01.02:

total -720 hours, including:

the maximum study load of a student is 720 hours, including:

obligatory classroom teaching load of a student - 480 hours;

student's independent work - 240 hours;

laboratory-practical - 92 hours;

educational practice - 288 hours.

2. results of the development of MDK 01.02

The result of mastering the program is the mastery of the type of professional activity (VPA) by students Maintenance and repair of vehicles, including professional (PC) and general (OK) competencies:

	Name of learning outcome
	Organize and carry out maintenance and repair of vehicles.
	Carry out technical control during storage, operation, maintenance and repair of vehicles.


	Organize their own activities, choose standard methods and methods for performing professional tasks, evaluate their effectiveness and quality
	Make decisions in standard and non-standard situations and take responsibility for them.
	Search and use the information necessary for the effective implementation of professional tasks, professional and personal development
	Use information and communication technologies to improve professional activities
	Work both individually and in a team, communicate effectively with colleagues, management, customers
	Set goals, motivate the activities of subordinates, organize and control their work, taking responsibility for the result of completing tasks
	Independently determine the tasks of professional and personal development, engage in self-education, consciously plan advanced training
	Navigate in an environment of frequent technology change in professional activities.
	Perform military duty, including with the application of acquired professional knowledge (for young men)

3. STRUCTURE and content of MDK 01.02

3.1. Thematic plan

Codes of professional competencies	Names of sections of the professional module	Total hours	The amount of time allotted for the development of an interdisciplinary course (courses)				Practice
			Mandatory classroom workload of a student		Independent work of the student		educational,	Production (according to the specialty profile), (if dispersed practice is envisaged)
			Total,	including laboratory work and practical exercises,	Total,	including term paper (project),	educational,

PC 1.1-1.3	Section 1.
PC 1.1-1.3	Section 2
PC 1.1-1.3	Section 3. Diagnostics of technical means of cars
PC 1.1-1.3	Section 4. Car repair
	Industrial practice, (according to the profile of the specialty), hours (if a final (concentrated) practice is provided) Educational practice.....
Total:

Name of sections of interdisciplinary courses (IDC) and topics			Watch Volume	Level of development

Section 1.
MDK 01. 02. Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
	Introduction
Topic 1.1.Fundamentals of maintenance and repair of rolling stock
		Vehicle reliability and durability
		Rolling stock maintenance and repair system.
		Regulations on the maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport
		Fundamentals of diagnosing the technical condition of cars

Topic 1.2.Technological and diagnostic equipment for technical car maintenance and repair
		General information about technological and diagnostic equipment, fixtures and tools.
		Equipment for cleaning, washing and cleaning works.
		Inspection and handling equipment.
		Equipment for lubrication and filling operations.
		Equipment, fixtures and tools for dismantling and assembly work.
		Diagnostic equipment
Topic 1.3. Technology of maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport
		Daily vehicle maintenance
		General engine diagnostics
		Maintenance and current repair of crank and gas distribution mechanisms.
		Maintenance and current repair of cooling and lubrication systems.
		Maintenance and current repair of the power supply system of carburetor engines.
		Maintenance and current repair of the power supply system of diesel engines.
		Maintenance and current repair of the power supply system of engines running on gas fuel.
		Maintenance and current repair of electrical equipment.
		Maintenance and current repair of transmission.
		Maintenance and current repair of running gear and car tires.
		Maintenance and current repair of control mechanisms.
		Maintenance and current repair of bodies, cabs and platforms.
		Car diagnostics at the posts of general and element-by-element diagnostics.
	Laboratory works
		Engine diagnostics using built-in instruments.
		Maintenance and current repair of the crank mechanism.
		Maintenance and current repair of the gas distribution mechanism.
		Maintenance and current repair of the cooling system.
		Maintenance and current repair of the engine lubrication system.
		Maintenance and current repair of power system devices removed from the engine
		Maintenance and current repair of devices for cleaning and supplying fuel, air and exhaust gases.
		Determination and elimination of malfunctions in the power supply system of the carburetor engine. Carburetor adjustment.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of fuel cleaning and supply devices, diesel engine power systems.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of air purification devices, diesel engine power systems.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of injectors, AMOVT high pressure fuel pump.
		Determining and troubleshooting the diesel engine power system.

		Maintenance and current repair of the power supply system of engines from gas-balloon installations.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of devices of the power supply system.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of devices of the ignition system.
		Diagnostics of electrical equipment devices using a tester.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of engine electric starting devices.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of sound and light signaling devices, additional equipment and lighting devices.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of the clutch.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of the gearbox, driveline and drive axles.
		Diagnosis and installation of angles;
		Checking and adjusting clearances in pivots, ball bearings and wheel hub bearings, maintenance of the running gear.
		Chamber vulcanization. Tire repair.
		Installation and dismantling of pneumatic tires. Wheel balancing.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of steering.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of power steering boosters.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of brake systems with hydraulic drive and parking brake.
		Diagnostics, maintenance and current repair of pneumatic brake systems.
		General car diagnostics.
		Element-by-element diagnostics of cars.
Topic 1.4.Organization of storage and accounting of rolling stock and inventories.
		Storage of rolling stock of road transport.
		Storage, inventory accounting and ways to reduce the cost of material and fuel and energy resources.
Topic 1.5.Organization and management of the production of maintenance and current repairs.
		Classification of motor transport enterprises
		General characteristics of the technological process of maintenance and current repair of rolling stock.
		Organization of work of repair workers.
		Organization of car maintenance.
		Organization of current car repairs.
		Organization of quality control of maintenance and current repair of vehicles
Topic 1.6. Automated control systems in the organization of maintenance and current repair of motor vehicles
		Forms and methods of organizing and managing production
		Automated control systems in the organization of maintenance and current repair of vehicles
		Analysis and modeling of the production process of maintenance and current repair of cars
		Automated workplace for employees of the technical service of a motor transport enterprise.
	Laboratory works
		Drawing up a shift-daily task for the repair team.
		Drawing up a report plan for the MCC dispatcher.
		Drawing up a shift-daily assignment for the pre-production area
		Calculation of the production program for maintenance and current repairs on a computer using modeling programs.
		Analysis and solution of problems of the type: AWP equipment for rolling stock, drawing up a reporting sheet.
Topic 1.7.Fundamentals of designing production sites of motor transport enterprises.
		Fundamentals of technological design of production sites of motor transport enterprises.

Independent work in the study of section 1

Fulfillment of tasks for the preparation and design of sections of the course project.

Fulfillment of individual tasks using technical and reference literature.

Correction of standards for maintenance and current repair of vehicles. Installation of the ignition on the car.

Automatic gearbox. Diagnosis and maintenance of an automatic transmission.

Modern equipment for diagnostics of running gear of passenger cars. Stands for checking shock absorbers. Tire markings. Anti-lock braking system (anti-lock braking system). Anti-skid system of air wheels, (stabilization system). Body work. Restoration of the body after a traffic accident. Applied equipment. Means for anti-corrosion treatment of the body (brands and application technology). Classification scheme for cleaning and washing equipment. Lift classification. Factors influencing the progressiveness of technologies for maintenance and current repair of cars. Means of technical diagnostics of systems that ensure the safety of the car. Means of technical diagnostics of the engine, its systems and operating properties.

Repair of electrical equipment. Repair of knots and details of transmission. Repair of components and parts of the chassis of the car. Repair of components and parts of control mechanisms. Car tire repair. Cabin repair. Development of schemes for the restoration of parts. Solving problems on rationing. Calculation of the main users for the design of repair production sites. Working out sections of the course project and making drawings.


MDK 01.02.
	Introduction
Topic 2.1. Automotive fuel
		Chemical composition of fuel and lubricants. Methods for obtaining petroleum fuels.
		Automobile gasolines.
		Automotive diesel fuels.
		Automobile fuels gas and oil.
	Laboratory works
		Estimation of gasoline according to the passport, external signs. Analysis for the content of water-soluble acids and alkalis. Determination of the density of gasoline. Determination of the fractional composition of gasoline.
		Assessment of diesel fuel according to passport data. Evaluation of the presence of mechanical impurities and water. Determination of the kinematic viscosity of diesel fuel at 20ºС. Determination of the pour point of diesel fuel. Determining the grade of diesel fuel according to GOST and deciding on its use.
Topic 2.2.Automotive lubricants.
		Automotive lubricating oils.
		Automotive greases.
	Laboratory works.
		Evaluation of engine oils according to passport data. Determination of the presence of mechanical impurities. Determination of kinematic viscosity of oil at 50ºС and 70ºС. Determination of the viscosity index. Determination of the viscosity grade according to GOST and the solution of the issue of its application. Determining the presence of water in engine oil.
		Evaluation of grease according to passport data. Lubricant solubility test in water and gasoline. Determination of the drop point temperature of the lubricant. Establishment of the brand of lubricant in accordance with GOST and the solution of the issue of its application.
Topic 2.3.Automotive special fluids
	Laboratory works
		Evaluation of an antifreeze sample according to passport data. Determination of appearance and presence of mechanical impurities. Determination of the composition and freezing point of antifreeze.
Topic 2.4.Organization of rational use of fuel and lubricants in road transport.
			Organization of rational use of fuel and lubricants on road transport.
Topic 2.5.Structural and repair materials.
		paints and varnishes
		Construction and operational materials
Topic 2.6. Safety and environmental protection when using automotive performance materials.
		Safety and environmental protection.
Independent work in the study of section 2 Systematic study of class notes, educational and special technical literature (on issues, paragraphs, chapters of textbooks compiled by the teacher). Preparation for laboratory / practical classes using methodological recommendations compiled by teachers. Preparation of reports on completed laboratory work / practical exercises and preparation for their defense. Independent study of electronic resources. Making abstracts. Preparation of messages, reports on topics set by the teacher individually. Use of Internet resources.
Topics of extracurricular independent work The development of the automotive industry in Russia. Suspension of the car and the power unit. Timing belt with lower valves. Coolants. Oils for engines. Ventilation of the crankcase of the engine. Automobile gasoline: neutralization of exhaust gases. Fuels for LPG vehicles. Diesel fuels. Detonation, influence of various factors on detonation. Hot ignition. Toxicity of exhaust gases. Ways to reduce toxicity. Features of the use of automotive operating materials in modern conditions. Main indicators of the quality of diesel fuels. Alternative fuels. Classification of motor oils according to SAE and API. Gear oils. Liquids for cooling systems. Liquids for hydraulic systems. Main measures to save fuels, oils, technical fluids in road transport. Influence of the quality of fuels and lubricants on the operation of the rolling stock of road transport. Paints and varnishes.

Section 3 Diagnostics of technical means of cars.
MDK 01.02.
	Introduction
Diagnostics of technical means of cars.
	Fundamentals and organization of technical diagnostics of cars.
		Requirements for technical diagnostics of vehicles during operation. Diagnostic parameters and their classification.
		Building a diagnostic algorithm. General requirements for technical diagnostic tools (STD).
		Nomenclature of means of technical diagnostics.
		Organization of technical diagnostics of vehicles at motor transport enterprises.
		Norms of diagnostic parameters and their normalization. Accuracy and reliability of vehicle diagnostics.
	Technology for diagnosing the technical condition of vehicles.
		General car diagnostics. Diagnosis of crank and gas distribution mechanisms.
		Diagnosis of cooling and lubrication systems.
		Diagnostics of devices of the power supply system of the carburetor engine and fuel injection systems.
		Diagnosis of the diesel engine power supply system. Preheater diagnostics.
		Diagnostics of power supply devices. Diagnostics of devices of system of ignition.
		Diagnostics of the start-up system and lighting and signaling devices.
		Diagnosis of transmission mechanisms.
		Chassis diagnostics. Steering wheel diagnostics.
		Diagnosis of brake systems with hydraulic drive.
		Diagnosis of systems with a pneumatic drive. Diagnostics of additional equipment.
Independent work in the study of section 3 Systematic study of class notes, educational and special technical literature (on issues, paragraphs, chapters of textbooks compiled by the teacher). Preparation for laboratory / practical classes using methodological recommendations compiled by teachers. Preparation of reports on completed laboratory work / practical exercises and preparation for their defense. Independent study of electronic resources. Making abstracts. Preparation of messages, reports on topics set by the teacher individually. Use of Internet resources.
Approximate topics of extracurricular independent work Determination of the nomenclature of structural and diagnostic parameters. Selection of diagnostic parameters for assessing the technical condition of vehicles. Development of a block diagram of structural and investigative links in the diagnosing chain. The main indicators of the reliability of technical diagnostics. Drawing up a table of technical diagnostic tools indicating: names, models, purposes. Typical types of work express - diagnosing. Limit values of the main diagnostic parameters of domestic cars and trucks. Diagnostics of cars by the parameters that determine the braking dynamics. Diagnosing the tightness of the valves in the seats. Diagnosis of the crankcase ventilation system. Drawing up a table of diagnostic parameters of the carburetor with an indication of their nominal and permissible values. Compilation of a table of diagnostic parameters of diesel power system devices with an indication of their nominal and permissible values. Search for the reasons for the lack of fuel and air supply to the combustion chamber of the heater boiler and the slow heating of the engine. Execute the alternator diagnostic circuit. Drawing up a table of diagnostic parameters for devices of a non-contact ignition system. Compilation of a table of diagnostic parameters of starter devices. Drawing up a table of permissible and nominal diagnostic parameters of the vehicle chassis. Drawing up a technological map for diagnosing the steering, brake system with a hydraulic drive and pneumatic drive of a car. Diagnostics of the pump of the dump truck body lifting mechanism.

Section 4 Car repair
MDK 01.02.


	Introduction
		General provisions for car repair
		Fundamentals of the organization of overhaul of cars.
Topic 4.2. Vehicle overhaul technology.
		Acceptance of cars and units for repair and their external washing.
		Dismantling of cars and units.
		Washing and cleaning parts.
		Defection and sorting of parts.
		Compilation of parts.
		Assembly and testing of units.
		General assembly, testing and delivery of vehicles from repair.
	Laboratory works
		Cylinder block defect.
		Crankshaft failure.
		Camshaft failure.
		Connecting rod defect.
		Detection of spur gears and splined shafts.
		Detection of rolling and sliding bearings. Spring failure.
		Complete set of pistons with cylinder liners.
		Picking parts of the crank mechanism.
	Practical work.
		Calculation of size groups when completing pistons with cylinder liners.
Topic 4.3. Ways to restore details.
		Classification of ways to restore parts.
		Restoration of parts by metalwork and mechanical processing.
		Restoration of details by pressure.
		Restoration of parts by welding and surfacing.
		Restoration of parts by spraying.
		Restoration of parts by soldering.
		Restoration of parts with galvanized coating.

		Restoration of parts using synthetic materials.
Topic 4.4. Technology of restoration of details, repair of knots and devices.
		General provisions.
		Development of technological repair processes
		Repair of parts of the class "housing parts"
		Repair of parts of the class "round rods and rods with a shaped surface"
		Repair of parts of the "hollow cylinders" class
		Repair of parts of the class "discs with a smooth perimeter"
		Repair of parts of the class "non-circular rods"
		Repair of units and devices of cooling and lubrication systems.
		Repair of units and devices of power supply systems.
		Repair of electrical equipment.
		Car tire repair.
		Repair of bodies and cabins.
		Repair quality management.
	Laboratory works
		Cylinder block bore.
		Honing of the cylinder block.
		Valve seat repair.
	course design
		Maintenance and repair of the engine. Maintenance and repair of gearboxes.

		Maintenance and repair of vehicles running on gas. Maintenance and repair of KShM.
		Maintenance and repair of the starter. Maintenance and repair of running gear.
		Maintenance and repair of car cooling systems. Maintenance and repair of timing belt.

		Maintenance and repair of the brake system of cars. Maintenance and repair of the engine power system.

		Maintenance and repair of car ignition systems. Maintenance and repair of the diesel engine power supply system.

Independent work in the study of section 4 Systematic study of class notes, educational and special technical literature (on issues, paragraphs, chapters of textbooks compiled by the teacher). Preparation for laboratory / practical classes using methodological recommendations compiled by teachers. Preparation of reports on completed laboratory work / practical exercises and preparation for their defense. Independent study of electronic resources. Making abstracts. Preparation of messages, reports on topics set by the teacher individually. Use of Internet resources.
Topics of extracurricular independent work Restoration of parts under the repair size. Repair parts with additional repair parts. Restoration of parts by welding, surfacing. Restoration of parts by soldering. Restoration of parts using synthetic materials. Restoration of parts by spraying and electroplating. Restoration of parts with paint and varnish coatings. Restoration of engine parts. Repair of components and devices of the engine power system. Repair of nodes and devices of the cooling system. Repair of units and devices of the lubrication system. Repair of electrical equipment. Repair of knots and details of transmission. Repair of components and parts of the chassis of the car. Repair of components and parts of control mechanisms. Car tire repair. Cabin repair. Development of schemes for the restoration of parts. Solving problems on rationing. Calculation of the main users for the design of repair production sites. Development of sections of the course project and execution of drawings

4. conditions for the implementation of MDK 01.02 4.1. Minimum Logistics Requirements

The implementation of the module program implies the presence of classrooms - "Maintenance and repair of vehicles"; laboratories - "Electrical equipment of vehicles", "Automotive operating materials", "Internal combustion engines", "Maintenance of vehicles", "Repair of vehicles".

	Car maintenance


		engine layouts;
		car layout.



		computers;

		projector,





		Consumables.



	Automotive performance materials
		jobs by the number of students;
		workplace of the teacher;

		technical documentation;
		methodical documentation;

Main sources:

Organization of the production of maintenance and current repairs of cars - a textbook for students of secondary vocational education / V.M. Vinogradov, I.V. Bukhteeva, V.N. Repin, A.A. Sokolov - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.

INFRA-M, 2006

M.: FORUM - INFRA-M, 2006

Additional sources:

protection. Body. Part 2.

in 2 parts, 2009

5. Control and evaluation of the results of the development of the MDT

results
PC 1.1. Organize and carry out maintenance and repair of vehicles		Expert assessment of performance practical task Course project defense
		Expert assessment of performance practical task Course project defense
PC 1.3. Develop technological processes for the repair of components and parts.		Expert assessment of performance practical task Course project defense

results	Main indicators for evaluating the result	Forms and methods of control and evaluation
Understand the essence and social significance of your future profession, show a steady interest in it
results (mastered general competencies)	Main indicators for evaluating the result	Forms and methods of control and evaluation



		Observation and evaluation of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices;
		Observation and evaluation of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices; Evaluation of achievements based on the results of extracurricular independent work.
		Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices.
		Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices. Observation and evaluation of achievements based on the results of activities in extracurricular activities.
results (mastered general competencies)	Main indicators for evaluating the result	Forms and methods of control and evaluation
		Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices.
		Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices.

4. Conditions for the implementation of MDK 01.02

4.1. Minimum Logistics Requirements

Implementation of the module program presupposes the presence of classrooms - "Automotive device", "Maintenance and repair of vehicles"; workshops - "Forging and welding", "Turning and mechanical"; laboratories - "Electrical equipment of vehicles", "Automotive operating materials", "Internal combustion engines", "Maintenance of vehicles", "Repair of vehicles".

Equipment of classrooms and workplaces of classrooms:











	Car maintenance
		jobs by the number of students;
		stands for checking the maintenance of mechanisms and systems;
		engine layouts;
		car layout.

Technical training aids:
		computer desk for the teacher;
		computers;

		projector,
		general and professional software.

Workshop and workshop equipment
	Forging and welding
		jobs by the number of students;
		workplace of the teacher;
		forge forge;
		anvils, equipment for blacksmithing (hammers, sledgehammers, tongs, etc.)
		welding machines for the production of welding works (gas, electric)
		consumables (electrodes, carbide, etc.)

	Turning and mechanical
		jobs by the number of students;
		workplace of the teacher;
		lathes, milling, tool-grinding, etc.;
		blanks for turning work;
		tools;
		Consumables.

Equipment of laboratories and workplaces of laboratories:
	Vehicle electrical equipment
		jobs by the number of students;
		workplace of the teacher;
		a set of educational and methodological documentation;
		test stands for checking the technical condition of components and parts of electrical equipment of vehicles;
		battery chargers;
		stands for demonstration systems of electrical equipment;
		knots and details;
		instrumentation.

	Automotive performance materials
		jobs by the number of students;
		workplace of the teacher;

		technical documentation;
		methodical documentation;
		instruments and equipment for determining the quality of fuels and lubricants;
		devices for determining the mechanical properties of fuels and lubricants;
		microscopes, heating ovens, refrigerator;
		samples of tested fuels and lubricants\

	Internal combustion engines
		jobs by the number of students;
		workplace of the teacher;

		technical documentation;
		methodical documentation;
		internal combustion engine;
		stand for taking the traction characteristics of the engine.

	Car maintenance
		jobs by the number of students;
		workplace of the teacher;
		stands for checking the maintenance of mechanisms and systems;
		engine layouts;
		car layout;
		devices and equipment for diagnosing an internal combustion engine, transmission, running gear, steering and brake systems

	Car repair
		jobs by the number of students;
		workplace of the teacher;
		sets of measuring tools;
		components and parts for fault detection;
		workbenches for fastening parts.

The implementation of the module program implies mandatory work practice, which is recommended to be carried out in a concentrated manner.

4.2. Information support of training

Main sources:

Automobiles: The device of automobile means: a textbook for students. SPO institutions / A.G. Puzankov 6th edition, ster. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.

Cars: Design, theory and calculation. Textbook for open source software. Puzankov A.G. M .: publishing center "Academy", 2007.

Quality control of automotive operating materials; workshop: textbook for students of secondary vocational education / Gelenov A.A., Sochevko T.I., Spirkin V.G. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.

Automotive operating materials - a textbook for students of secondary vocational education / Gelenov A.A., Sochevko T.I., Spirkin V.G. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010.

Cars: Performance properties: A textbook for students. higher uch. institutions / Vakhlamov V.K. - 2nd edition, Ster.-M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2006.

Car maintenance and repair. Vlasov V.M. Textbook. M.: Academy, 2007.

Features of maintenance of KAMAZ vehicles with EURO-2, EURO-3 engines 5460-3902901 TO. 2008

Fundamentals of performance of technical systems. Road transport - textbook / V.G. Atapin - Novosibirsk: NSTU publishing house, 2007

Maintenance and repair of motor transport (Diploma design) / Svetlov M.V. M.: KNORUS. 2011

Car repair (course design) / Skepyan S.A.M.: INFRA-M. 2011

Professional engine repair. Gavrilov K.L. M.: FORUM. 2011

Car and engine repair. Karagodin V.I., Mitrokhin N.N. M .: "Academy". 2008

15. Vehicle device. Tutorial. / Perederiy V.P. M.: FORUM

INFRA-M, 2006

16. The device of cars. Tutorial. / Stukanov V.A., Leontiev K.N.

M.: FORUM - INFRA-M, 2006

Additional sources:

Acceptance for repair, repair and release from repair of VAZ car bodies by car maintenance enterprises. Specifications. (TU4538-140-00232934-98) (valid document).

2. Technological maps, time standards for current and post repairs of NefAZ 5299 buses produced on the KamAZ-5297 chassis.

3. Technological maps for the current repair of KamAZ vehicles, models: 5320, 5410, 5511, 4310, 43105 and their modifications (5 parts).

4. Typical technology for performing routine maintenance of the daily first, second and seasonal maintenance of the ZIL-4331 car.

5. Distributed fuel injection systems for VAZ vehicles - device and diagnostics. Maintenance and repair technology.

6. Electronic engine control system for cars of the LADA 110, LADASAMARA, LADA 2105, 2107 families with the M73 EURO-3 controller - device and diagnostics.

7. Electronic engine control system for cars of the LADAPRIORA, LADAKALINA, LADA 4x4 families with the M7.9.7 EURO-3 controller - device and diagnostics

Consumption rates for fuel and lubricants in a car

VAZ cars. Technology of repair, painting and anti-corrosion

protection. Body. Part 2.

VAZ cars. Removal and installation technology Nodes and units.

Brief automobile guide. Volume 1. Buses. 2002 2nd

edition, revised and supplemented, 2007.

12. Brief automobile guide. Volume 2. Trucks,

13. Brief automobile guide. Volume 3. Cars,

in 2 parts, 2009

14. Instructions for the maintenance and care of buses "Ikarus

15. Catalog special tools and accessories for technical

maintenance and repair of LADA cars.

18. Typical norms of time for the current repair of cars of the family

4.3. General requirements for the organization of the educational process

A prerequisite for admission to industrial practice (according to the profile of the specialty) within the framework of the professional module "Maintenance and repair of vehicles" is the development of educational material in the relevant sections of the module.

When working on a course project, students are consulted.

4.4. Staffing of the educational process

Requirements for the qualification of pedagogical (engineering and pedagogical) personnel providing training in an interdisciplinary course (courses): the presence of higher professional education corresponding to the profile of the module "Maintenance and repair of vehicles" and the specialty "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles".

Requirements for the qualification of teaching staff who manage the practice

Engineering and teaching staff: graduates - teachers of interdisciplinary courses.

Masters: the presence of 5-6 qualification category with a mandatory internship in specialized organizations at least 1 time in 3 years. Experience in organizations of the relevant professional field is mandatory.

5. Monitoring and evaluation of the results of development (type of professional activity)

results (mastered professional competencies)	Main indicators for evaluating the result	Forms and methods of control and evaluation
Organize and carry out maintenance and repair of vehicles.	Performing maintenance and current repairs in accordance with technological maps. Practical use of technological and organizational equipment. Compliance with safety requirements and rules and regulations of labor protection, industrial sanitation and fire protection	Expert assessment of performance practical task Course project defense
Carry out technical control during storage, operation, maintenance and repair of vehicles.	performance of quality control of maintenance and current repairs at various stages using appropriate equipment and tools ability to check the quality and properties of automotive operating materials	Expert assessment of performance practical task Course project defense
Develop technological processes for the repair of components and parts.	Ability to develop technological processes for the repair of units and parts in accordance with GOSTs, OSTs and TUs.	Expert assessment of performance practical task Course project defense

Forms and methods of monitoring and evaluating learning outcomes should allow students to check not only the formation of professional competencies, but also the development of general competencies and the skills that provide them.

results (mastered general competencies)	Main indicators for evaluating the result	Forms and methods of control and evaluation
Understand the essence and social significance of your future profession, show a steady interest in it	Demonstration of interest in the future profession in the process of mastering the educational program, participation in research work, olympiads, festivals, conferences	Observation and evaluation of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices; Evaluation of achievements based on the results of extracurricular independent work;
results (mastered general competencies)	Main indicators for evaluating the result	Forms and methods of control and evaluation
		Observation and evaluation of achievements based on the results of activities in extracurricular activities.
Organize their own activities, choose typical methods and methods for performing professional tasks, evaluate their effectiveness and quality.	Selection and application of methods and methods for solving professional problems in the field of process organization; Evaluation of the effectiveness and quality of the performance of professional tasks.	Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and industrial practice.
Make decisions in standard and non-standard situations and bear responsibility for them.	Correctness and objectivity of assessment of non-standard and emergency situations.	Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices.
Search and use the information necessary for the effective performance of professional tasks, professional and personal development	Efficient search, input and use of the necessary information to perform professional tasks	Observation and evaluation of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices; Evaluation of achievements based on the results of extracurricular independent work.
Use information and communication technologies in professional activities	The use of information and communication technologies for solving professional problems	Observation and evaluation of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices; Evaluation of achievements based on the results of extracurricular independent work.
Work in a team and in a team, communicate effectively with colleagues, management, consumers	Interaction with students and teachers in the course of training.	Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices.
Take responsibility for the work of team members (subordinates), the result of completing tasks.	Ability to make joint informed decisions, including in non-standard situations	Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices. Observation and evaluation of achievements based on the results of activities in extracurricular activities.
results (mastered general competencies)	Main indicators for evaluating the result	Forms and methods of control and evaluation
Independently determine the tasks of professional and personal development, engage in self-education, consciously plan professional development	Organization of self-study during the study of the professional module; Planning for students to improve their qualifications in the field of motor transport.	Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices. Evaluation of achievements based on the results of extracurricular independent work.
Navigate in the conditions of frequent technology changes in professional activities	Application of innovative technologies in the field of organization of technical maintenance and repair of vehicles.	Observation and assessment of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices.
Perform military duties, including with the use of acquired professional knowledge (for young men)	Showing interest in performing military duties; The manifestation of logical thinking.	Observation and evaluation of achievements when performing tasks in laboratory and practical classes, during educational and production practices, military training

1. INTRODUCTION

The efficiency of the use of motor vehicles depends on the perfection of the organization of the transport process and the properties of vehicles to maintain within certain limits the values of parameters characterizing their ability to perform the required functions. During the operation of the car, its functional properties gradually deteriorate due to wear, corrosion, damage to parts, fatigue of the material from which they are made, etc. Various malfunctions appear in the car, which reduce the efficiency of its use. To prevent the appearance of defects and timely eliminate them, the car is subjected to maintenance (TO) and repair.

Maintenance is a set of operations or an operation to maintain the operability or serviceability of a car when used for its intended purpose, when parked, stored or transported. Maintenance is a preventive measure and is carried out forcibly in a planned manner, after strictly defined periods of vehicle operation.

Repair is a complex of operations to restore the working capacity and restore the resource of a car or its components. Repair is carried out according to the need, which is identified in the maintenance process.

The performance of work on the maintenance and repair of a car is preceded by an assessment of its technical condition (diagnosing). Diagnostics during maintenance is carried out to determine its necessity and predict the moment of occurrence of a faulty state by comparing the actual values of the parameters measured during the control with the limit values. Diagnostics during car repair consists in finding a malfunction and establishing a repair method and scope of work during repairs, as well as checking the quality of repair work. Timely maintenance and current repair of rolling stock allows you to keep cars in a technically sound condition.

Untimely maintenance creates favorable conditions for traffic accidents and extreme wear and tear of vehicle components and parts. Most often, failures occur on the engine. In terms of the number of failures, the car engine accounts for approximately half of all failures. Therefore, in this project, a section for the current repair of car engines has been developed.

2. CALCULATION AND TECHNOLOGY PART

2.1. Calculation of the annual mileage of the park.

2.1.1. Correction of overhaul run is carried out according to the formula:

where is the standard mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic, according to Table. 2.3. for the PAZ-672 bus, we accept = 320 thousand km; (1)

- correction factor, taking into account the category of operating conditions, for category III = 0.8 (Table 2.8); (1)

- correction factor, taking into account the modification of the rolling stock, for the base model = 1.0 (Table 2.9); (1)

- correction factor, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions of operation, for the Vladimir region, located in the zone of moderately cold climate = 0.9 (Table 2.10); (1)

2.1.2. The average overhaul run of the fleet is determined by the formula:

thousand km,

where and - respectively, the number of cars that did not pass and passed a major overhaul, = 295, = 70;

2.1.3. Correction of specific downtime in TO and TR is carried out according to the formula:

days/1000 km,

where is the normative specific downtime in TO and TR, according to Table. 2.6 accept = 0.4 days / 1000 km;

- the average correction factor, taking into account the mileage of cars, is determined by the formula:

where , ,…, is the number of cars in the mileage intervals specified in Table. 2.11;

, , …, are the correction coefficients corresponding to the given intervals (1)

Days/1000 km,

2.1.4. The calculation of the coefficient of technical readiness is carried out according to the formula:

where - the number of days of operation of the car in the cycle:

- days of vehicle downtime in MOT and TR per cycle:

- days of the car's stay in the Kyrgyz Republic, consists of the days of stay directly in the Kyrgyz Republic, according to Table. 2.6 we accept 20 days, and days of transportation to the Kyrgyz Republic, we accept 2 days. (1)

2.1.5. The output ratio is calculated using the formula:

where is the number of working days, = 305 days,

- the number of calendar days;

- downtime coefficient, which does not depend on the technical condition of the rolling stock, we accept = 0.97 (2)

2.1.6. The calculation of the annual mileage of the park is carried out according to the formula:

Table 1.

2.2. Calculation of the production program.

2.2.1. Correction of the periodicity of maintenance is carried out according to the formula:

km,

where is the standard mileage to maintenance, according to Table. 2.1 accept = 3500 km and = 14000 km; (1)

0.8 (Table 2.8); (1)

0.9 (Table 2.10). (1)

The obtained values of the frequency of maintenance are corrected taking into account the average daily mileage: , we accept = 9.

From here km, km.

The results of the calculations are summarized in the table:

Table 2.

Types of maintenance

2.2.2. The calculation of the annual production maintenance program is carried out according to the formula:

Calculate the replacement maintenance program:

With these values of the shift maintenance program, it is advisable to use one maintenance production line, with which TO-2 will be carried out in two shifts, and TO-1 on the same line between shifts.

2.2.3. Correction of the labor intensity of maintenance is carried out according to the formula:

man-hour

where - the initial standard of labor intensity of TO, taken according to Table. 2.2 = 5.5 man-hours, = 18.0 man-hours (1)

1.0 (Table 2.9) (1)

- correction factor, taking into account the size of the vehicle and the number of technologically joint groups of rolling stock; with the number of cars = 365 units. and the number of technologically joint groups is less than 3, = 0.85 (Table 2.12) (1)

2.2.4. The annual scope of maintenance work is calculated by the formula:

The results of the calculations are summarized in a table.

Table 3

Types of maintenance

2.3. Calculation of the annual labor intensity of current repairs.

2.3.1. Correction of the specific labor intensity of the current repair is carried out according to the formula:

Man-hours/1000 km,

where is the initial standard of labor intensity of TR, Twenty-two points, plus triple-word-score, plus fifty points for using all my letters. Game "s over. I" m outta here. accept according to the table. 2.2 = 5.3 man-hours/1000 km; (1)

1.2 (Table 2.8) (1)

1.0 (Table 2.9) (1)

1.1 (Table 2.10) (1)

0.85 (Table 2.12) (1)

Man-hours/1000 km

2.3.2. We determine the annual labor intensity of the maintenance work:

The results of the calculations are summarized in a table.

Table 4

man-hours/1000 km						man-hours/1000 km

2.4. Calculation of the labor intensity of the work of the motor section.

2.4.1. The calculation of the labor intensity of the work of the motor section can be performed by the formula:

Where WITH- the percentage of TS work performed on the motor section, we accept WITH = 13%

2.5. Calculation of the number of workers in the motor section.

2.5.1. The secret number of workers (number of jobs) is determined by the formula:

accept \u003d 12 people;

Here frm- the annual production fund of the working time of the workplace.

2.5.2. The staffing number of performers is calculated by the formula:

accept = 13 people;

Here Fair- the annual fund of working time of a production worker.

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

3.1. The choice of the method of organizing maintenance and repair.

Car maintenance is carried out in order to reduce the wear rate of parts, identify and prevent failures and malfunctions. During TO-1 and TO-2, control and diagnostic, adjustment, fixing, electrical, lubrication and cleaning work, maintenance of engine power systems are performed, and at the same time, concomitant repairs of components and assemblies are usually performed as necessary.

In the practice of ATP, two methods of organizing the technological process of car maintenance are usually used: at universal and at specialized posts.

When servicing at universal posts, the entire scope of work of this type of technical impact is performed at one post, except for the operation of cleaning and washing the car, which, with any organization of the service process, is performed at separate posts. With this method, mainly dead-end, parallel posts are used. The entry of the car to the post is carried out in front, and the exit from the post is in reverse.

Universal travel posts are used only for road trains and for the production of cleaning and washing operations. At each universal post, it is possible to perform a different amount of work, which allows you to simultaneously service different types of vehicles and perform related repairs.

When performing work at specialized posts, only a part of the work is performed at a separate post, and the entire amount of work is performed at several posts. Specialized posts are located sequentially in the direction of vehicle movement, which ensures the flow of the maintenance process. A set of sequentially located specialized posts forms a service production line. The movement of cars along the posts of the production line is carried out using a batch conveyor at a speed of 10 ... 15 m / min.

Works on the current repair of cars are carried out at posts and in production divisions. At the posts, work is carried out directly on the vehicle without removing components and assemblies, and in the production departments, parts, components and assemblies removed from the vehicle are repaired. The need for current repairs is identified when carrying out TO-1 and TO-2 using control and diagnostic equipment, visually and at the request of the driver.

Control, dismantling and assembly, adjustment and fastening works are usually carried out at the posts, they make up approximately 40 ... 50% of the total volume of work on the TR. Components and assemblies removed from the vehicle for subsequent repair are sent to repair sites in accordance with their specialization.

Pure maintenance of cars that have undergone major repairs is usually 3-5 times more than in the first cycle of the car run. According to NIIAT, from 12 to 30% of vehicles enter the TR only because of untimely and poor-quality maintenance. With a high quality of maintenance, the frequency of TR increases by 2.5 times. Therefore, improving the quality of maintenance is a huge reserve for reducing costs and downtime of vehicles in TR.

3.2. The structure of production management.

Production management provides the necessary conditions for the efficient use of the production base, production personnel, process equipment, spare parts and materials. The quality of production management in general and in individual areas depends primarily on the qualifications of the engineering and technical personnel who directly manage the work, and is ultimately verified by the amount of vehicle downtime and the cost of maintenance and repair of rolling stock. The organization of production management depends on the size of the ATP, the organization of work of workers and the structure of production.

The management of the technical service of the ATP is headed by the chief engineer. He exercises general management of production through the head of production directly subordinate to him.

Production management is fully entrusted to the head of production through the heads of production units subordinate to him. The management of production units in their areas of work is carried out by the heads of structural units.

The structure of the production control center (PMC) includes an information processing and analysis group and an operational management group, which combines production dispatchers. Production managers provide operational control and management of all production departments. The staff of large ATPs has several dispatchers that make up the operational management group. They supervise different shifts and different production areas.

The production dispatchers are responsible for organizing the execution of work at the posts in the shortest possible time, ensuring the fulfillment of the plan for the release of rolling stock, and the effective use of the production base and personnel.

All employees working at maintenance and repair posts, and in the absence of the head of production, the entire production team are promptly subordinate to the production manager.

Information about what work needs to be done, the dispatcher receives when he gets acquainted with the work in progress, when accepting a shift, according to the records in the accounting sheets that he receives from the KTP, according to the diagnostic posts and messages from the heads of departments.

3.3. Organization of the technological process.

The technical condition of vehicles is monitored during release and return from the line. During the release, the state of the systems and units of the car, which ensure road safety, is monitored. The main control of the technical condition should be carried out when the rolling stock is returned from the line.

Planning of work on maintenance and repair of rolling stock is carried out in the group for processing and analyzing information by a maintenance and repair technician based on the actual mileage of vehicles. Maintenance quantity targets for the month and working day are given by the planning department. The Maintenance and Repair Technician draws up a maintenance schedule, which is approved by the chief engineer of the ATP, the Maintenance and Repair Technician, based on the study and accounting of the actual mileage, draws up an order in agreement with the mechanic of the convoy to put cars on TO-1 for 1-1, and on TO-2 2-3 days before the maintenance. The order is approved by the chief engineer and transferred by the dispatcher of the operation service to the dispatchers of the automated workplace and the head of the quality control department to organize control over the work.

Before carrying out the work, a diagnostic map must be drawn up (D-1 and D-2, respectively). The diagnostic map is transferred to the production manager for planning and accounting of work.

Upon returning the faulty car and the line, the ATP mechanic draws up an application for repairs in the prescribed form. The application is registered in a special log and transmitted together with the car to the dispatcher of the MCC. Then the car enters the MMR zone, and then, if there are free posts, respectively, to the diagnostic posts or TR. If there are no free places at the posts, the car enters the waiting area (Fig. 2).

Rice. 1. Block diagram of the technological process TO and TR.

The vehicle is placed at the maintenance and repair posts by order of the production manager. Upon completion of the maintenance and repair work, the vehicle is accepted by the QCD master. In order to check the quality of the work, it is possible to carry out diagnostics, after which the car is placed in the storage area.

After registration of the necessary documentation for maintenance and repair (application sheets, diagnostic cards, accounting cards for turnaround units, etc.), they are processed and deposited with the operational accounting and information analysis group of the MCC.

3.4. The choice of operating modes of production units.

The mode of operation of production is understood as the duration and time of work of various divisions of the ATP. It is determined by the operating mode of the rolling stock on the line, the size of the production program, the number of maintenance and repair posts, the availability of technological equipment and production facilities.

The modes of operation of the EO and TO-1, since they are usually given between shifts, are established based on the results of an analysis of the rolling stock work schedule on the line and the time they spend on the ATP. TO-2 is also expedient to carry out between shifts, as this allows you to significantly increase the coefficient of technical readiness of vehicles. When the production works in one first shift, the best use of the working time of specialists is achieved, but at this time the largest number of vehicles on the line is also required.

Repair areas in the presence of a circulating warehouse are practically independent of the operation of vehicles on the line, so they can work most efficiently on the first shift.

Rice. 1. Combined work schedule for ATP production.

3.5. Selection of technological equipment.

The motor section is intended for the repair of mechanisms and individual parts of the engine. Typical works during the current repair of the engine are: replacement of piston rings, pistons, piston pins, replacement of connecting rod and piston bearing shells with bushings of operational dimensions, replacement of the head gasket, elimination of cracks and breakdowns (in the welding department), lapping and grinding valves.

After performing the current repair of the engine, it is imperative to carry out cold and hot running in order to ensure reliable grinding of components and parts after repair without load, which ensures their greater durability under operating conditions. The choice of technological equipment is determined by the types of work performed and the technical characteristics of the rolling stock. The list of technological equipment is given in table 5.

Table 5

List of technological equipment

No. p / p	Name, designation, type, model of equipment, accessories	Qty	Technical specifications


	Stand for testing engines MPB 32.7		200 kW, 3660´2200
	Engine Repair Stand 2164		1300´846, mobile
	Cathead		3 t, 4.5 kW
	The device universal for editing of rods of fashions. 2211		Desktop
	Cylinder boring machine mod. 2407		275´380, 1.5 kW
	2291A Cylinder Polishing Machine		425´172, 1.5 kW
	2414A Valve Grinding Machine		Desktop, 0.27 kW
	Universal valve seat grinder, 2215		Desktop, 0.6 kW
	Desktop drilling machine NS-12A
	Pneumatic Valve Lapping Drill, 2213
	Compressometer, mod. 179
	Mobile hydraulic crane, 423M
	Washing installation, mod. 196-II		2250´1959, 465 kW
	Washing installation, mod. OM-5359 GOSNITI
	Hydraulic press OKS-167IM		1500´640, 1.7 kW
	Device for disassembly and assembly of cylinder heads, mod.		Desktop
	Locksmith workbench for one workplace, ORG-1468-01-060A
	Locksmith workbench for two workplaces, ORG-1468-01-070A
	Engine Storage Rack
	Tool storage cabinet, ORG-1603
	Cabinet for storage of materials and measuring tools, ORG-1468-07/-040
	Rag chest
	sand box
	Fire extinguishers OHP-10
	Fire extinguishers OU-5

In total, the area occupied by the equipment is 53.95 sq.m.

3.6. Calculation of the production area of the motor section.

The area of the motor section is determined by the formula:

sq. m

where is the density coefficient of the equipment arrangement, we accept = 4 for the motor section; (2)

- the total area of equipment in the plan, from the table. 5

Based on SNiPs, we accept the width of the premise of section B = 12 m, then the length of the premise of the site will be: 216:12 = 18 m.

4. SAFETY.

4.1. Safety requirements for tools, fixtures and basic technological equipment.

To ensure labor safety, it is necessary to ensure the safety of production equipment and technological processes. To do this, the available tool, technological equipment must comply with the requirements of labor safety system standards (SSBT), norms and rules for labor protection and sanitary standards. In order to ensure electrical safety, all process equipment with an electric drive must be reliably grounded. Grounding resistance should be no more than 4 ohms. Checking the grounding and insulation resistance is carried out once a year.

When working on an asphalt concrete floor at a workbench, a wooden grate is placed near the workbench to prevent colds and protect against electric shock. Distances between workbenches are taken depending on the overall dimensions and layout in accordance with ONT-01-86. It is possible to install workbenches close to the walls only if heating radiators, pipelines and other equipment are not placed there. Chairs should be with height-adjustable seats and preferably with adjustable backs. Workbenches for disassembly and assembly work, in order to make it convenient to work, are adjusted according to the height of the worker using stands under the workbench or footrests. The working surface of the workbench is covered with sheet metal or linoleum, depending on the types of work performed. On the site, when using multi-seat workbenches or placing them against each other, a mesh metal separating partition is installed to prevent injury to those working nearby by flying pieces of the material being processed. The height of the partition should be at least 750 mm, and the size of the cells should not exceed 3 mm.

All workplaces must be kept clean, not cluttered with parts, equipment, tools, fixtures, materials. Parts and assemblies removed from the engine during repair must be carefully placed on special racks or on the floor.

Hand tools must be in good condition, clean and dry. Its culling, as well as the culling of fixtures, must be carried out at least once a month. The tool must be firmly seated on the handle and wedged with sharpened mild steel wedges. The axis of the handle must be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tool. The length of the handle is chosen depending on the mass of the tool: for a hammer 300 - 400 mm; for a sledgehammer 450 - 500 mm. The handles of hacksaws, files, screwdrivers, scrapers must be tightened with bandage rings.

4.2. Safety requirements for performing basic work on the site.

When washing engines and parts, the concentration of alkaline solutions should not exceed 5%. Engine parts running on leaded gasoline are washed after tetraethyl lead deposits have been neutralized with kerosene. After washing parts and assemblies with an alkaline solution, they must be washed with hot water. It is strictly forbidden to use flammable liquids for washing. When using synthetic detergent surfactants, they are pre-dissolved in special containers or directly in the containers of the washing machine. In this case, the water temperature should not exceed the temperature of the parts by more than 18 - 20 ° C. To protect hands and prevent splashing of the solution on the mucous membrane of the eyes, workers must use goggles, rubber gloves and dermatological products (Silicone cream, IER-2 paste).

When working on grinding machines, special attention should be paid to the abrasive wheel. It must be inspected, checked for the absence of cracks (when tapped in a suspended state with a wooden mallet weighing 200-300 g, it makes a clear sound), tested for strength, balanced.

Only workers who have been instructed in safety precautions and trained in the correct methods of performing work are allowed to perform work on the motor section.

When performing boring work of cylinders, block cylinders must be securely fixed on the machine frame with the help of conductors, it is forbidden to hold the workpieces with hands.

When performing disassembly and assembly work, wrenches must be matched to the size of nuts and bolts. The size of the gap of the keys should not exceed the dimensions of the heads of the bolts and the faces of the nuts by more than 0.3 mm. Wrenches should not have cracks, nicks, burrs, non-parallelism of the jaws and the development of a pharynx. It is forbidden to unscrew the nuts with large wrenches with metal plates between the faces of the bolts and nuts and the jaws of the wrench.

For yews, the sponges should have an unfinished surface - a notch. The screws holding the jaws must be in good condition and tightened. The clamping screw must be free of cracks and chips.

4.3. Premises safety requirements.

The production area of the motor section must be kept clean. It should regularly be wet cleaning, cleaning the floors from traces of oils, dirt and water. Oil spilled on the floor must be immediately cleaned up using absorbent materials such as sawdust, sand. The room must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.

In order to protect workers from noise, the test bench room must be isolated from the rest of the room by a partition. The test room must be equipped with a local exhaust gas exhaust.

LITERATURE

1. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of rolling stock of road transport. M.: Transport, 1986.

2. Sukhanov, B.N. and other maintenance and repair of automobiles. Diploma design guide. M.: Transport, 1991.

3. Rumyantsev S.I. and other maintenance and repair of automobiles. Textbook for vocational schools. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1989.

4. Kramarenko G.V., Barashkov I.V. Car maintenance. M.: Transport, 1982.

6. Semenov N.V. Maintenance and repair of buses. M.: Transport, 1987.

7. Mechanization of maintenance and repair of automobiles and restoration of automobile tires. Ed. S.I. Shchuplyakova. Moscow: VDNH, 1962.

Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles

Road transport is one of the most important and basic elements of any production. More than 50% of the total volume of transportation is partially or completely carried out by road transport.

In the current economic situation, the problem of reorganization and restructuring of existing motor transport enterprises is acute. Recently, the need for cargo transportation by trucks has sharply decreased, so large motor transport enterprises are forced to look for additional sources of profit, master the repair of modern equipment, and introduce new types of services. It is necessary to clearly formulate the goals set, try to maximize profits and, to the extent possible, minimize production costs.

One of the most important tasks in the field of vehicle fleet operation is the further improvement of the organization of maintenance and current repair of vehicles in order to increase their performance and at the same time reduce operating costs. The relevance of this task is also confirmed by the fact that many times more labor and money are spent on the maintenance of a car than on its production.

At present, on the basis of scientific and technological progress, the planned preventive maintenance and repair system for the rolling stock of the timber industry complex as a whole, proven by many years of experience, is being further developed.

Both in the field of organizing road transport and in the field of technical operation of vehicles, various economic and mathematical methods of analysis, planning and design are beginning to be applied. New methods and tools for diagnosing the technical condition and predicting the resources for the uptime of vehicles are being developed and implemented more and more widely. New types of technological equipment are being created that make it possible to mechanize, and in some cases even automate, labor-intensive operations for the maintenance and repair of rolling stock. Modern forms of production management are being developed, which are designed for the use of electronic computers with a further transition to an automated control system.

With the ever-increasing saturation of the national economy with cars, the modern economic system provides for new structural divisions of road transport - car factories and production associations, repair and maintenance bases, which potentially contribute to the transition to a centralized production of car maintenance and repair.

The most important task in any economy is the organization of maintenance and current repair of cars.

Calculation of the number of technical maintenance of rolling stock per year

We determine the total mileage of cars for the planned period L total.

L total = ? ss * A ss * D k * b c \u003d 110 * 25 * 251 * 0.8 \u003d 552200 km.

Where? ss - average daily mileage of the car, km.

And ss - the average number of cars, units.

D to - the number of calendar days in a year

b c - coefficient of production of cars per line.

Number of maintenance #2 (N then -2)

N then -2 = = = = 43.8 units. = 44 units.

where L total is the total mileage of cars, km

Number of maintenance #1 (N then -1)

N then -1 = = = - N then -2 = 131.3 = 131 units

Number of daily services N eo

N eo = = = 5020 units

Number of seasonal services N co

N co \u003d 2 * A ss \u003d 2 * 25 \u003d 50 units

Calculation of the labor intensity of maintenance and current repairs of rolling stock

Maintenance #2

maintenance complexity

Annual labor intensity of maintenance No. 2 ()

= * N then -2 = 37.605 * 44 = 1654.6 man-hours

Maintenance #1

= * = 7.9 * 1.15 = 9.085 man-hours

= * N then -1 = 9.085 * 131 = 1190.1 man-hours

Daily Maintenance

= * = 1.15 * 1.15 = 1.3225 man-hours

\u003d * N eo \u003d 1.3225 * 5020 \u003d 6638.95 man-hours

Seasonal Service

t co \u003d * \u003d * 37.605 \u003d 7.521 man-hours

T co auth * N co \u003d 7.521 * 50 \u003d 376.05 man-hours

where P co - labor intensity standard for seasonal maintenance, %

Maintenance

Correction of the labor intensity of current repairs per 1000 km of run

= * =7.0 * 0.828 = 5.796 man-hours

The resulting correction factor of labor intensity tr

0.9 * 0.1 * 0.1 * 0.8 * 1.15 = 0.828 annual labor intensity tr

T tr = = = = 3200.55 man-hour

The total labor intensity of technical maintenance and current repairs of rolling stock

T then, tr \u003d T to-2 + T to-1 + T eo + T co + T tr \u003d 1654.6 + 1190.1 + 6638.95 + 376.05 + 3200.55 \u003d 13060.25 man-hours

Calculation of the number of repair workers

Total number of repair workers

6.91 people = 7 people

where FRV is the annual fund of working time of a repair worker, hour.

(take 1800 hours).

h - coefficient taking into account the growth of labor productivity of repair workers. Take from 1.05 to 1.08.

Number of repair workers by types of impacts

1.07 = 1 person

0.62 = 1 person

3.51 = 4 people

1.69 = 2 people

1 + 1 + 4 + 2 = 8

Maintenance worker payroll

Calculation of tariff rates by category

Hourly rate of a time worker:

14.99 rub.

where C months - the minimum tariff rate of a worker, rub.

166.3 - average monthly working time fund, h.

The hourly rate of a worker pieceworker:

16.28 rub. = *

Calculation of hourly tariff rates for repair workers II-VI categories

14.99 * 1.09 = 16.34 rubles. \u003d 14.99 * 1.54 \u003d 23.08 rubles.

14.99 * 1.20 = 17.99 rubles = 14.99 * 1.80 = 26.98 rubles.

14.99 * 1.35 = 20.24 rubles = 104.63: 5 = 20.93

16.28 * 1.09 = 17.75 rubles. \u003d 16.28 * 1.54 \u003d 25.07 rubles.

16.28 * 1.20 = 19.54 rubles. \u003d 16.28 * 1.80 \u003d 29.30 rubles.

16.28 * 1.35 = 21.99 rubles. = 113.65: 5 = 22.73

Average hourly rates for maintenance workers

Average tariff coefficient

\u003d + () * (P s - P m) \u003d 1.09 + (1.20 - 1.09) * (3.6 - 3) \u003d 0.72

where is the tariff coefficient corresponding to the smaller of two adjacent categories of the tariff scale, between which there is an average tariff category.

The tariff coefficient corresponding to the larger of the two adjacent categories of the tariff scale, between which there is an average tariff category

R s - average tariff category

R m - the smaller of two adjacent categories of the tariff scale, between which there is an average tariff category.

= * = 14.99 * 0.72 = 10.79 rubles.

C h to-1 (to-2, tr) \u003d * \u003d 16.28 * 0.72 \u003d 11.72 rubles.

Piece rate for one TO-2 ()

= * = 11.72 * 37,605 = 440.73 rubles

Piecework wages of repair workers employed at TO-2 ()

18468.68 rub.

maintenance repair cost price

Piece rate for one CO ()

\u003d * t w \u003d 11.72 * 7.521 \u003d 88.15 rubles.

Piecework wages of repair workers for the implementation of CO ()

4197.6 rub.

Piecework wages of repair workers employed in TO-2 and CO ()

18468.68 + 4197.6 = 22666.28 rubles

Piece rate for one TO-1 ()

= * = 11.72 * 9.085 = 106.5 rubles.

Piecework wages of repair workers employed at TO-1 ()

13287.14 rub.

Time wages for maintenance workers. Employed on EO ()

68223.1 rub.

Piece rate for 1000 km. car mileage per TR ()

= * = 11.72 * 5,796 = 67.9 rubles.

Piecework indirect wages of repair workers employed in TR ()

35709 rub.

Surcharges for unfavorable working conditions

D nebl.us.t. = = = = 23388.4 rub.

where - the average hourly wage rate of a repair worker employed at TO-2 or Tr

Percentage of additional payment for unfavorable working conditions

accept from 8% to 10%

Number of employees employed in jobs with unfavorable working conditions, pers. In calculations, take - 10%

12 is the number of months in a year.

Night work allowance

D n.h. = * * T n.h. * D r.n.ch. * = * 21.8 * 8 * 60 * 2 = 8371.2 rubles.

= * (1 +) = 11.72 * (1 +) = 11.72 * 1.86 = 21.8 rubles.

where 40 is the amount of additional payment for night work. %

The average hourly wage rate of a repair worker employed in the corresponding type of To or TR, taking into account unfavorable working conditions, rub.

Piecework or hourly wages of repair workers employed in the corresponding type of service

T n.h - the number of hours worked by one worker at night, h.

D r.n.h. - the number of working days per year with work at night, days.

Number of repair workers working at night, pers.

Extra pay for evening work.

D w.h. = * * T w.h * D r.w.h * = * 21.8 * 60 * 8 = 2092.8 rubles.

where 20 - the amount of additional payment for work in the evening,%

T v.h - the number of hours worked by one worker in the evening hours, i.e. from 18 to 22 hours.

D r.v.h - the number of working days per year with work in the evening, days.

Number of repair workers working in the evening hours, pers.

Surcharge for leading a brigade by a foreman (D br)

D br \u003d * N br * 12 \u003d 4958.56 * 1 * 12 \u003d 5982.72 rubles.

498.56 rub.

where - additional payment for the management of the brigade per month, rub.

br - percentage of additional payment for the leadership of the team

N br - the number of foremen

With a team of up to 10 people - 20%

over 10 people - 25%

over 25 people - 35%

Calculation of premiums for repair workers employed in EO, TO and Tr.

P p = = = = 16255 rubles.

where P p - the size of the premium,%. In calculations, take 60 - 80%

Wage fund of repair workers for hours worked.

FZP otvV. = + D negl.cons.t. + D.n.h. + D w.h. + D br. + P r = 27091.85 + 23388.4 + 8371.2 + 2092.8 + 5982.72 + 16255 = 83181.97 rub.

FZP ot.v = + + + = 22666.28 + 13287.14 + 68223.1 + 35709 = 139885.52 rubles.

Wages for unworked time for all types of impacts.

RFP neot.v = = = = 21682.25 rub.

where is the percentage of wages for unworked time

FZP ot.v - wage fund for hours worked for all types of impacts.

1 = + 1 = + 1 = 15,5%

where D o - duration of paid leave (24 days)

D to - the number of days of work in a year

D in - the number of Sundays

D p - the number of holidays - 10

Wage fund of repair workers for all types of impacts.

FZP = ? FZP from.v. +? FZP neov.v. = 139885.52 + 21682.25 = 161567.77

Deductions for social needs

About social = = = = 45077.4 rub.

where is the percentage of contributions for social needs

Material costs

For maintenance No. 2

M to-2 \u003d * N to-2 \u003d 7.62 * 44 \u003d 335 rubles.

For maintenance No. 1

M to-1 \u003d * N to-1 \u003d 2.75 * 131 \u003d 360 rubles.

For daily service

M eo \u003d * N eo \u003d 0.49 * 5020 \u003d 2459.8 rubles.

For current repairs

M tr = = = = 2186.7 rubles.

where, is the cost rate for materials per impact, rub.

Cost rate for materials for TR per 1000 km, rub.

M then, tr \u003d M to-2 + M to-1 + M eo + M tr \u003d 335 + 360 + 2459.8 + 2186.7 \u003d 5335.5 rubles.

Spare parts costs for TR

ZCH tr = = = = 4511.47 rubles.

where is the cost rate for spare parts per 1000 kilometers.

The initial cost of a rolling stock unit (From the first)

From the first \u003d C aut * K ext \u003d 200,000 * 1.05 \u003d 210,000 rubles.

where Caut - the price of the car, rub.

To dost - coefficient taking into account the cost of delivering a new car to the ATP, take from 1.05 to 1.07.

The cost of the BPF serving the process of maintenance and TR

1312500 rub.

where A ss - the average number of cars, units.

25 - for the cost of fixed production assets from the cost of rolling stock,%

Depreciation of fixed production assets serving the maintenance and repair process

131250 rub.

where N am - the average depreciation rate of buildings and equipment serving the process of TO and TR,% (take 10-12%).

Expenses for the implementation of the production program of the enterprise for Maintenance and TR of the rolling stock.

Z then, tr \u003d ?

Calculation of the full cost of one service

Wage fund for repair workers employed at TO-1 for hours worked.

13287.14 rub.

Wage fund for repair workers employed at TO-1 for unworked time

2059.50 rub.

Wage fund of repair workers employed at TO-1

FZP to-1 = + = 13287.14 + 2059.50 = 15346.64 rubles.

Deductions for social needs from the wage fund of workers employed at TO-1

4281.71 rub.

Material costs for TO-1

M to-1 \u003d 360 + 15346.64 + 4281.71 \u003d 19988.35 rubles.

Depreciation of fixed assets serving the TO-1 process

13125 rub.

where 10 is the share of depreciation of fixed assets serving the TO-1 process,% (accept 10 - 12%).

General business expenses (costs)

13185.4 rub.

The amount of costs for TO-1

Z to-1 \u003d \u003d 15346.64 + 4281.71 + 19988.35 + 13125 + 13185.4 \u003d 65927.1 rubles.

Full cost of one service

S then-1 = = = 503.2 rub.

Calculation of financial indicators from the performance of technical services by third parties.

Calculation of the price for the performance of one service

C to-1 \u003d S to-1 + \u003d 503.2 + \u003d 503.2 + 201.28 \u003d 704.48 rubles.

Rent - the level of profitability, taking into account profit (take 40%).

The number of services performed by third parties.

N then-1 = = = = 26.2 units.

where P store - the number of actions performed by third parties,%.

Income from the provision of services to third parties

D to-1 \u003d C to-1 * N to-1 \u003d 704.48 * 26.2 \u003d 18457.37 rubles.

Profit from the performance of services to third parties

P to-1 \u003d D to-1 +? Z to-1 \u003d 18457.37 + 65927.1 \u003d 84384.47 rubles.

Bibliography

1. Maintenance and repair of cars: A textbook for students. medium institutions. prof. education V.M. Vlasov, S.V. Zhankaziev, S.M. Kruglov and others; edited by V.M. Vlasov. - 2nd ed., Ster.-M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004, - 480s.
2. Sukhanov B.N., Borzykh I.O., Bedarev Yu.F. Maintenance and repair of automobiles: a guide for coursework and diploma design. -M.: Transport, 1985, - 224s.
3. Turevsky I.S. Diploma design of motor transport enterprises: a study guide. -M.: Publishing House "Forum": Infra-M, 2007, - 240s.: ill. - (Professional education).
4. Buraev Yu.V. Life safety in transport: textbook. For students of higher educational institutions / Yu.V. Buraev - M.: Academy 2004. - 272s.
5. Napolsky G.M. Technological design of motor transport enterprises and service stations - M.: Transport, 1993. - 272p.
6. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport. - Minavtotrans RSFSR. - M.: Transport, 1986. - 73s.
7. Afanasiev L.L. and others. Garages and car service stations, M .: Transport, 1980 - 261s.
8. Methodology for assessing the level and degree of mechanization and automation of the production of maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of the ATP. MU - 200 - RSFSR - 13 - 0087 - 87. M .: Minavtotrans, 1989. - 101s.
9. Kurchatkin V.V. Reliability and repair of machines. - M.: Kolos, 2000.
10. E.I. Pavlova, Yu.V. Buravlev. "Ecology of transport". M.: Transport, 1998.

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR CONSTRUCTION AND Utilities.

Far Eastern State Interregional Industrial and Economic College.

Specialty: 1705.

"Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles".

Course work

by subject:

Industry economics

Option number 9

Checked: Executed:

teacher: student of the TORA group - 51

/Lapteva S.V./ /Kopeikin V.A./

"" 2005 "" 2005

Khabarovsk.

Introduction.

1.1. Characteristics of the enterprise.

2. Settlement part.

2.1. Payroll calculation.

2.1.2. Calculation of the wage fund for auxiliary workers.

2.1.3. Calculation of the wage fund for masters and employees.

2.2. Calculation of the unified social tax.

2.3. Calculation of costs for materials and spare parts.

2.5. Cost calculation and calculation per 1000 km of run.

Conclusion on the project.

1. Settlement - explanatory note.

1.1 Introduction.

Road transport is of great importance, as it serves all sectors of the national economy. Passenger transportation by buses and cars on intracity, suburban and international routes is increasing every year. In our country, the range of transportation of goods and passengers is constantly increasing due to the improvement of the performance of cars, the improvement of roads and the construction of new ones. The production of trucks and road trains with increased carrying capacity is significantly increasing - the most important reserve for increasing the efficiency of the use of road transport, as its productivity increases and the cost of transportation decreases, and therefore the cost of goods.

In order to successfully solve the tasks set by road transport, it is necessary to constantly maintain cars in good technical condition, create a maintenance organization that would provide for the timely and high-quality performance of all car care operations. In this case, it is necessary to use the correct methods for performing each operation and widely use mechanization. Qualified performance of maintenance work ensures the trouble-free operation of aggregates, components and systems of vehicles, increases their reliability and maximum overhaul runs, increases productivity, reduces fuel consumption, reduces the cost of transportation, and improves traffic safety.

Improving the quality of services by accelerating the pace of scientific and technological progress based on the reconstruction of existing enterprises and the widespread introduction of new equipment and advanced technology of rational forms and methods of organizing production and labor, providing spare parts, effective management of production activities and quality control of work. The development and improvement of car repair production require the proper organization of car repair, which in turn depends on a number of factors, the most important of which is the rational location of repair enterprises, their specialization and production capacity. The efficiency of the use of motor vehicles depends on the perfection of the organization of the transport process and the properties of vehicles to maintain within certain limits the values of parameters characterizing their ability to perform the required functions. During the operation of the car, its functional properties gradually deteriorate due to wear, corrosion, damage to parts, fatigue of the material from which they are made, etc. Various malfunctions appear in the car, which reduce the efficiency of its use.

To prevent the appearance of defects and timely eliminate them, the car is subjected to maintenance (TO) and repair. Maintenance is a set of operations or an operation to maintain the operability or serviceability of a car when used for its intended purpose during parking, storage or transportation.

Repair is a complex of operations to restore the working capacity and restore the resource of a car or its components.

1.2. Characteristics of the design object.

KhPATP-1 is a municipal enterprise, and is subsidized. It is located in the city of Khabarovsk at the address: Prospect of the 60th anniversary of October 17. To calculate the cost of work at the electric starter repair site, a group of indicators of initial design data is taken. From the design task is taken:

· type of rolling stock LiAZ-5226;

· Аи – average list (inventory) number of cars 153 units;

· Lss – average daily car mileage 153km;

· Natural and climatic conditions of operation (moderately cold - 0.9);

Drg - the number of working days in a year 365;

Tn - the duration of the rolling stock on the line 12.3 hours.

Li - the coefficient of production of cars per line 0.8

· Tob.pr. - the labor intensity of the work of the projected site (electric workshop for the repair of starters) - 9046.2 people / hour.

S - area of the plot (zone) - 36m2

· Correction of standards are accepted from Regulations .

· K1 - coefficients of correction of standards depending on the category of operating conditions - (0.8) table. 2.8 and 2.7;

· K2 – coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on the modification of the rolling stock and the organization of its work – (1) Table. 2.9;

K3 - coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on natural and climatic conditions and aggressiveness of the environment - (0.9)

The list of necessary equipment indicating the power of current collectors:

2. Settlement part.

2.1. Calculation of the wage fund for repair workers.

To determine the cost of remuneration of repair workers, a time-bonus system of remuneration is proposed.

Calculation of the number of main workers.

The number of repair workers at the design facility, Nrr people, is determined by the formula:

people we accept 3 persons. (1)

Where; Tob.pr. – labor intensity at the design object, man/hour;

FRV - working time fund of one worker, hour

PDF = [Dk - (Dv + Dpr + Dot + Db + Dgo)] * tcm - (Dpv + Dpr) * t, (2)

Where; Dk - planning period, Dk = 365 days;

Dv - days off, Dv - 52 days;

Dpr - holidays according to the calendar, Dpr \u003d 11dp .;

Db - days of absence from work due to illness and other valid reasons, Db = 5 days;

Dgo-days of absence from work in connection with the performance of general economic and state tasks, Dgo = 1 day;

Dot - vacation days; Dot - 31 days

tcm - shift duration; tcm - 12.6

Dvp - days before the weekend (Saturdays); Dvp - 52 days.

Dpr - pre-holiday days according to the calendar;

t - Time of the shortened working day. 1 hour.

PDF \u003d * 12.6 - (52 + 11) * 11.6 \u003d 2070 hours.

2.2 We make the distribution of workers by category in accordance with the types of work performed.

Table No. 1

The calculation of the average discharge Rav, is performed according to the formula;

(1)

Where; N 1 - N 6 - respectively, the number of repair workers, people;

R 1 - R 6 - the corresponding digits;

Npp - the number of repair workers, people.

When calculating the hourly tariff rates of repair workers of 2-6 categories, the calculation is made according to the formula:

(2)

Where; - hourly tariff rate of the 1st category;

Ktar - the tariff coefficient of the corresponding category.

Hourly tariff rate of the 3rd category Hour, rub., is calculated by the formula:

Hourly tariff rate of the 4th category Hour, rub., is calculated by the formula:

The calculation of the average hourly tariff rate with a fractional value of the average category of rubles is carried out according to the formula;

(3)

Where; Cm is the tariff rate of the smaller of the two adjacent categories, rub.;

Sat - the tariff rate of the larger of the adjacent categories, rubles;

Kr is the fractional part of the discharge.

Wage fund at the tariff rate.

The calculation of the wage fund at the tariff rate of the wage bill, rubles, is carried out according to the formula:

FZPt \u003d Cav * Tob.p., (4)

Where; Cav - average hourly tariff rate, rub.;

Tob.p. - labor intensity at the design object.

FZPt \u003d 7.47 * 5896.4 \u003d 44046.1 rubles.

Calculation of surcharges and bonuses.

Surcharges for unfavorable working conditions Dnebl.usl.t. - 10% for jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions. Calculation of additional payments for repair workers, according to the formula;

Where; Sch - the average hourly tariff rate of a repair worker, rub.

FRV - working time fund, hour

Pnebl.cond.t. – percentage of additional payment for unfavorable working conditions, %

Npp - and the number of repair workers, people.

Calculation of additional payment for work in the evening Dvh.

The calculation of the surcharge is carried out according to the formula;

Where; 20 - the amount of additional payment for work in the evening,%

TVh - the number of hours worked by one in the evening hours, i.e. from 18 to 22 hours.

Drwh - the number of working days per year with work in the evening, days.

Npp is the number of repair workers working in the evening hours, hour.

Sch - average hourly tariff rate, rub.

Award for overfulfillment of quantitative indicators and quality of work.

The amount of the premium P, rub., is calculated according to the formula;

(7)

Where; FZPT - wage fund at the rate, rub; npr - premium rate, n = 50%

Basic salary calculation.

Calculation of the basic salary of the FOZPRr, is calculated by the formula:

FOZPrr \u003d FZPt + D + P (8)

Where; FZPT - wage fund at the tariff rate, rub.;

P - premium for repair workers;

D - surcharges.

D \u003d 4123.44 rubles.

FOZPrr \u003d 44046 + 4123.4 + 22023 \u003d 70192 rubles.

Calculation of additional wages.

The rate of additional wages Ndop. %, calculated by the formula;

(9)

Where; Dot - duration of paid leave, 31 days;

Dk - calendar period, 365 days;

Dv - the number of Sundays, 52 days;

Dpr - the number of holidays, 11 days.

Fund of additional wages FD, rub., is calculated according to the formula;

(10)

Where; FOZPrr - basic wage fund for repair workers, rub.,

Ndop - the rate of additional wages.

2.1.1. Calculation of the wage fund for repair workers.

Calculation of the wage fund FOTrr, rub., is made according to the formula:

FOTrr \u003d (FOZPrr + FDZPrr) * 1.5 (11)

Where; FOZPrr - basic wage fund for repair workers, rub.;

FDZPrr - fund of additional wages of repair workers, rub.;

1.5 - the sum of the regional coefficient (1.2) and bonuses for long service (30%).

FOTrr \u003d (70192.4 + 8703.8) * 1.5 \u003d 118344.31 rubles.

Calculation of the average monthly wage of one worker ZPsr., rub. produced by the formula:

(12)

Where; FOTrr - payroll fund;

Npp is the number of workers;

12 is the number of months in a year.

2.1.2. Calculation of the wage fund for auxiliary workers, foremen and employees.

The payroll fund for auxiliary workers at the wage rate FZPvr, rub., is calculated according to the formula;

(13)

Where; Tvr - the tariff rate of an auxiliary worker;

Tob.p. - labor intensity at the design object;

20 - the rate of labor intensity of auxiliary work,%.

Support workers bonuses.

Calculation of premiums for auxiliary workers Pr.vr., rub., is carried out according to the formula;

(14)

Where; nvr is the premium rate for auxiliary workers, 10% lower than for repair workers (40%).

FZP vr. - wage fund of auxiliary workers at the tariff rate, rub.

Basic salary of auxiliary workers.

Calculation of the basic wage fund for auxiliary workers FOZPvr, rubles, is carried out according to the formula;

FOZPvr = FZPvr + PR.vr. (15)

Where; FZPvr - wage fund of auxiliary workers at the tariff rate, rub.;

Ext. – bonus to auxiliary workers, rub.

FOZPvr \u003d 3523.68 + 8809.22 \u003d 12332.9 rubles.

Additional wages for support workers.

The calculation of the fund of additional wages of auxiliary workers of the FDZP, rub., is made according to the formula:

(16)

Ndop - the rate of additional wages, is taken the same for repair and auxiliary workers, 11.44%.

Fund for the wages of auxiliary workers.

Calculation of the wage fund for auxiliary workers FOTvr, rub., is carried out according to the formula:

FOTvr \u003d (FOZP \u003d FDZPvr) * 1.5 (17)

Where; FOZPvr - basic wage fund for auxiliary workers, rub.;

FDZPvr - fund of additional wages of auxiliary workers, rub.;

FOTvr \u003d (12332.9 + 1529.2) * 1.5 \u003d 20793.5 rubles.

Calculation of the wage fund for masters and employees.

Wage fund FZPm.s., calculated by the formula:

FZPm.s. = 0.05 * Npp * Report * Nmonth. (18)

Where; 0.05 - the norm of masters and employees per worker;

Npp is the number of repair workers, people;

Dokl - monthly salary of one employee, rub. Accept; 2500 rub.

Nmonth – number of months, 12 months.

FZPm.s. \u003d 0.05 * 3 * 2000 * 12 \u003d 3600 rubles.

Prizes for masters and employees.

Calculation of the premium for masters and employees Pm.s. rub., conducted according to the formula;

(19)

Where; FZPm.s. - payroll fund for masters and employees on salary, rub.;

nm.s. - premium rate, 10% higher than that of repair workers (60%).

The basic wages of masters and employees.

The fund of the basic wages of masters and employees, rub., is determined by the formula:

FOZPm.s. = FZPm.s. + Pm.s. (20)

Where; FZPm.s. - salary fund of ITS on salary, rub.

Pm.s. - Award for engineering and technical employees.

FOZPm.s. \u003d 3600 + 2160 \u003d 5760 rubles.

Additional salary.

The fund of additional wages of masters and employees of the FDZPm.s., rub., is determined by the formula;

(21)

Where; Ndop - the rate of additional wages for masters and employees,%; 12.4%

FOZPm.s. - basic salary fund for masters and employees, rub.

2.1.3. Fund for the wages of masters and employees.

Calculation of the wage fund for masters and employees FOTm.s., rub., is carried out according to the formula;

FOTm.s. \u003d (FOZPm.s. + FDZPm.s.) * 1.5 (22)

Where; FOZPm.s. - basic salary fund for masters and employees, rub.

FDZPm.s. - fund of additional wages of masters and employees, rub.;

1.5 - the sum of the district coefficient and the bonus for the length of service.

FOTm.s. \u003d (5760 + 771.84) * 1.5 \u003d 9797.76 rubles.

General payroll.

The total wage fund, rubles, is determined by the form;

FOTtotal \u003d FOTr.r. + FOTv.r. + FOTm.s. (23)

Where; FOTm.s. - wage fund for masters and employees, rub.;

FOTvr - wage fund for auxiliary workers, rub.;

FOTrr - pay fund for repair workers, rub.

FOTtotal \u003d 9797.76 + 118344.31 + 16191.36 \u003d 148935.07 rubles.

2.2. Unified social tax.

The calculation of the unified social tax Sesn., is made according to the formula;

(24)

Where; FOTtot - general wage fund, rub.;

H is the tax rate as a percentage. 26%.

We enter the calculation in table No. 2

The structure of the wage fund.

Table number 2.

Name	Value, rub.
Name	Repair workers	Auxiliary workers	Masters and servants

1. wage fund at the tariff rate (salary)
2. additional payments for unfavorable working conditions
3. additional payments for work:
* at night time
* in evening time
4. surcharges for foremanship

6. basic wage fund
7. fund of additional wages
8. wage fund, rub.
9. General wage fund, rub.
10. unified social tax (UST)

2.3. Calculation of the cost of spare parts and repair materials.

Spare parts costs.

Cost of spare parts Szch. rub., calculated by the formula;

Where; Nzch - the cost rate for spare parts per 1000 km, mileage, rubles;

(8.17 rubles) [p. 30 appendix No. 4. (1)]

Ltot is the annual mileage of a car of this brand, km; (LiAZ-5226)

Ltot = 153*123*365 = 8544285 km;

K1, K2, K3, - correction factors (K1 = 08, K2 = 1, K3 = 0.9) [p.26, p.27, 2].

Kinf - inflation coefficient, we take equal to 25%.

Nuch.z.h. – percentage of spare parts costs attributable to this section 8%

Repair material costs.

Calculation of the cost of repair materials Срм, rub., is made for each brand, determined by the formula;

(26)

Where; Hrm - the cost rate for repair materials per 1000 km. mileage, rub. (8.13 rub.) p. 30;

Nuch.rm - the percentage of the cost of repair materials attributable to this section%, if the zones EO1, TO1, TO2, TP this percentage is not accepted.

Kinf - inflation coefficient, we take equal to 25%.;

Ltot is the annual mileage of a car of this brand, km.

The costs are cumulative.

The calculation results are summarized in table No. 4.

Table number 4.

Name of brand of rolling stock	Total mileage, km.	Cost rate
Name of brand of rolling stock	Total mileage, km.	Zap. parts, rub.	Rem. mater., rub.	Zap. parts, rub.	Rem. mater., rub.

2.4. Overhead calculation.

Electricity calculations.

The annual consumption of power electricity Qes, kW, is determined by the formula;

(27)

Where; Rob - the sum of the power of the equipment, 3.9 kW;

FRVob - equipment working time fund;

K3 - equipment load factor, 0.5 - 0.8, we take equal to = 0.5;

Кс - demand coefficient, 0.3 - 1, we take equal to = 1;

Кnс – network loss coefficient, 08 – 0.9, taken equal to = 0.8;

Kng - loss factor in the engine, 09 - 0.98, taken equal to = 0.9;

Rob \u003d 0.4 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 0.5 \u003d 3.9 kW. (the sum of the power of the equipment).

Fund of working time of equipment FRVob., is determined by the formula;

FRVob \u003d Dr * tcm * ncm; (38)

Where; Dr – days of work of the subdivision, days. 365 days:

tcm - the duration of the equipment, we take 6 hours;

ncm is the number of shifts. One-shift.

FRVob \u003d 365 * 6 * 1 \u003d 2190;

The annual electricity consumption for lighting Qeos, kW, is determined by the formula;

(29)

Where; 25 - the rate of electricity consumption per 1 m 2, W;

Foc - lighting area, (plot area - 36 m 2);

Tos - lighting hours per year.

Hours of lighting per year Tos, h, are determined depending on the change of work:

Tos \u003d Dr * tos; (thirty)

Where; tos - lighting time per day, hours, take 8 hours;

Dr - days of operation of the site per year days, we accept 365 days.

Tos = 365 * 8 = 2920 h.

Calculation of electricity costs Ce, rub., is made according to the formula;

Se \u003d (Qes + Qeos) * TskWt; (31)

Where; CkWt - the price for 1 kW in current prices, we accept 1.5 rubles;

Qes - annual consumption of power energy, kW;

Qeos - electricity for lighting, kW.

Se \u003d (5931 + 2628) * 1.5 \u003d 12838.5 rubles.

heating costs.

Heating costs Sotop, rub., are calculated according to the formula;

Sotop \u003d Fuch * C * M (32)

Where; Fuch - the area of the site, we take 36 m 2;

C - the price for heating 1m 2, we accept 14 rubles;

M - the number of heated months in a year, we take 7 months.

Sotop \u003d 36 * 14 * 7 \u003d 3528 rubles.

Water supply costs.

The calculation of the cost of water supply St, rub., is made according to the formula;

Sv \u003d (Hp * Npp + Nm 2 * F) * Dr * Tsl; (33)

Where; Hp - the rate of water consumption per worker for 1 shift, we accept 30 liters;

Npp - the number of repair workers on the site, 4 people;

Nm 2 - the daily rate of water consumption per 1 m 2 of production area, we accept 1.5 liters;

F is the area of the site, we take 36 m 2;

Dr - days of operation of the site in a year, 365 days;

Tsl - the price of 1 liter of water in current prices, we accept - 0.4 rubles.

Sv \u003d (30 * 3 + 1.5 * 36) * 365 * 0.4 \u003d 21024 rubles.

Depreciation of fixed assets.

The calculation of the depreciation of the AZD building, rub., is carried out according to the formula:

(34)

Where; nzd - depreciation rate of buildings and structures; accept 3%;

Szd - the cost of buildings, rub.

The cost of buildings Szd, rub., is calculated by the formula:

Szd \u003d F * Tsm 2; (35)

Where; F is the area of the production site, we take 36 m 2;

Tsm 2 - book value of 1m 2 of area, we accept 3000 rubles.

Czd \u003d 36 * 3000 \u003d 108,000 rubles.

Equipment depreciation Аob, rub., is calculated according to the formula;

(36)

Where; Sob - the balance sheet value of the equipment, rubles, we accept 250,000 rubles;

nob - the rate for depreciation of equipment, we accept 5%.

Equipment repair: R about \u003d 10000 / 0.07 \u003d 7000 rubles.

The cost of maintaining and repairing equipment Sinv, rubles, is calculated according to the formula;

(37)

Where; Npp - number of workers, 2 people;

Sinv - book value of inventory, we accept 20,000 rubles;

Ninv - the norm for the restoration of inventory, we accept 4%.

Occupational health and safety costs.

Occupational health and safety costs Cell. and tb., calculated by the formula;

(38)

Where; FOTtot - general wage fund, rub.;

not. and tb. - the norm for labor protection and safety, we accept 2%.

Other costs.

Other costs Spr, rub., are calculated according to the formula;

(39)

Where; - the sum of all costs, rub.;

0.05 - percentage coefficient.

The sum of all costs, rubles, is calculated by the formula;

Se + Sotop + Sv + AZD + Aob + Srob + Sinv + Sot and tb. (40)

Where; Ce – electricity costs, rub.;

Sotop - heating costs, rub.;

Св – water supply costs, rub.;

AZD - building depreciation costs, rub.;

Аob - equipment depreciation costs, rub.;

Srob - the cost of current repairs of equipment, rubles;

Sinv - the cost of restoring inventory, rubles;

Honeycomb and Tb - the cost of labor protection and safety, rub.

21024+3528+12838.5+3240+5000+7000+2400+2978+2900.4=60908.9 rub.

We enter the calculations in table No. 5.

Overhead costs per site.

Table No. 5

Expenditure	Value, rub.	Share of expenses, %
Water supply costs
Electricity costs
heating costs
Building depreciation costs
Equipment depreciation costs
Equipment maintenance costs
Inventory maintenance costs
Health and safety costs
other expenses

2.1.5. Cost calculation.

Costing is carried out in table No. 6.

Table number 6.

The cost of impact per 1000 km. mileage, calculated by the formula;

(41)

Where; - the sum of all costs;

Annual car mileage

In this course project, the calculation of the cost of work at the site for the repair of electric starters was made. The amount of costs at cost is 456,277.9 rubles. There are 3 people working on the site. By analyzing the costing, we determine the overhead costs (106,290.41 rubles) and the costs of social. deductions, their amount amounted to 38723.1 rubles. Analyzing table No. 6, we see that the largest percentage of the cost was the wage fund for repair and auxiliary workers, ITS - 32%. The wage fund can be reduced by reducing the working time of employees from 12.3 hours. until 8 o'clock working day and consequently the unified social tax will decrease. (It will not be necessary to pay for processing). Due to the reduction of working hours, the consumption of electricity will be reduced (table No. 5), which is 21%, in the total amount of overhead costs. It is also possible to reduce energy consumption through the introduction of energy-saving technologies, equipment upgrades. Refuse centralized heating and switch to autonomous. Practice shows that costs are significantly reduced by about 15%, due to the fact that in the absence of people at night, the boiler is set to standby mode. Fuel consumption is reduced.

Bibliography.

1. Methodological guide for the implementation of the course work.

2. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of road transport. MOSCOW "TRANSPORT" 1986

3. L.Yu. Astana, S.I. Ilyin and others. "Economics, organization and planning of production of building materials" MOSCOW 1988.

4. V.A. Tanygin "Fundamentals of standardization and quality management" MOSCOW 1989

5. Economics of the enterprise. Textbook. UNITY MOSCOW. 1996 V.Ya. Gorfinkel, E.M. Kupryanov.

6. Marketing. Textbook. UNITY MOSCOW. 1995 A.N. Romanova.

7. The course of the market economy. UNITY MOSCOW. 1995 Ruzavin G.I. Martynov V.T.

8. Economics of an industrial enterprise. Textbook. MOSCOW. 1998 "INFRA - M" N.L. Zaitsev.

9. Labor rationing. MOSCOW 2005 "ALFA - PRESS". M.I. Petrov.