I wonder how long the iPhone X battery lasts, as well as how long it takes to charge it. The answer to these questions is further under the cut.
So, the iPhone X comes with a 2716 mAh battery. The battery itself is L-shaped. Apple did this on purpose to cram the largest possible battery into the case. Sure, the iPhone X's battery isn't as big as Android phones, but it's larger compared to the iPhone 8 Plus.
How long does an iPhone X battery last: battery life
Foreign bloggers checked out a few days with a $1,000 phone and, of course, tested the battery. Below you will see a comparison of the iPhone X battery with some other iPhone and Samsung Galaxy models.
So, according to the experiment, the operating time of the iPhone X is 8 hours 41 minutes. For comparison, the operating time of the iPhone 8 Plus is 10 hours 35 minutes, the iPhone 8 is 8 hours 37 minutes, Samsung Galaxy S8+- 8 ocloc'k. You can see the rest of the figures in the chart below.
How long does it take for iPhone X to charge?
Another indicator that was analyzed was the time it takes to charge the iPhone X. By the way, this is the first iPhone that finally began to support the fast charging function. True, for this you will need to buy an additional accessory. Bloggers used the usual charger that comes with the kit. The test results can be seen in the chart below. As you can see, it takes 189 minutes to charge the iPhone X to 100 percent.
In the practice of motorists, two methods of charging a battery (battery) are used - with a constant charging current and with a constant charging voltage. Each of the methods used has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the battery charging time is determined by a combination of factors. Before you start charging a new battery, just bought, or a discharged battery removed from the vehicle, it must be carefully prepared for charging.
In a new battery, it is necessary to fill in the electrolyte of a regulated density to the required level. With the battery removed from the vehicle, it is necessary to clean the oxidized terminals from dirt. The case of a maintenance-free battery should be wiped with a rag moistened with a solution of soda ash (better) or baking soda, or diluted ammonia.
If the battery is serviceable (battery banks are equipped with plugs for filling and topping up the electrolyte), then it is necessary to additionally thoroughly clean the top cover (with screwed plugs) so that when the plugs are unscrewed, no accidental dirt gets into the electrolyte. This will certainly lead to battery failure. After cleaning, you can turn out the plugs and measure the level and density of the electrolyte.
If necessary, add electrolyte or distilled water to the required level. The choice between adding electrolyte or water is based on the measured density of the electrolyte in the battery. After topping up the liquid, leave the plugs open so that the battery “breathes” during charging and does not burst with the gases released during charging. Also, through the filler holes, you will have to periodically check the temperature of the electrolyte in order to avoid overheating and boiling.
Next, connect a charger (charger) to the output contacts of the battery with the indispensable observance of the polarity (“plus” and “minus”). At the same time, the “crocodiles” of the charger wires are first connected to the battery terminals, then the power cord is connected to the mains, and only after that the charger is turned on. This is done to prevent the ignition of the oxygen-hydrogen mixture released from the battery or its explosion during sparking at the moment the crocodiles are connected.
For the same purpose, the procedure for disconnecting the battery is reversed: first, the memory is turned off, and only then the “crocodiles” are disconnected. An oxygen-hydrogen mixture is formed as a result of the combination of hydrogen released during battery operation with atmospheric oxygen.
Charging the battery with direct current
Under direct current in this case is understood the constancy of the magnitude of the charging current. This method is the most common of the two used. The temperature of the electrolyte in the battery prepared for charging should not reach 35 °C. The charging current of a new or discharged battery in amperes is set equal to 10% of its capacity in ampere-hours (example: with a capacity of 60 Ah, a current of 6 A is set). This current will either be automatically maintained by the charger, or it will have to be regulated by a switch on the charger panel or by a rheostat.
When charging, you should control the voltage at the output terminals of the battery, it will increase during charging, and when it reaches the value of 2.4 V for each bank (i.e. 14.4 V for the entire battery), the charging current should be halved for a new battery and two or three times for used. With this current, the battery is charged up to abundant gas formation in all battery banks. Two-stage charging allows you to speed up battery charging and reduce the intensity of gas emission that destroys the battery plates.
If the battery is slightly discharged, it is quite possible to charge it in a single-stage mode with a current equal to 10% of the battery capacity. A sign of the completion of charging is also abundant gas evolution. There are additional signs of the completion of the charge:
- invariability of electrolyte density within 3 hours;
- the voltage at the battery terminals reaches the value of 2.5-2.7 V per section (or 15.0-16.2 V for the battery as a whole) and this voltage remains unchanged for 3 hours.
To control the charging process, it is necessary to check the density, level and temperature of the electrolyte in the battery banks every 2-3 hours. The temperature should not rise above 45 °C. If the temperature limit value is exceeded, either stop charging for a while and wait for the electrolyte temperature to drop to 30-35 °C, then continue charging at the same current, or reduce the charging current by 2 times.
Based on the state of a new uncharged battery, its charge can last up to 20-25 hours. The charge time of a battery that has had time to work depends on the degree of destruction of its plates, the operating time and the degree of discharge, and can reach 14-16 hours or more when the battery is deeply discharged.
Charging the battery with constant voltage
In constant charge voltage mode, it is recommended to charge maintenance-free batteries. To do this, the voltage at the output terminals of the battery should not exceed 14.4 V, and the charge is completed when the charge current drops below 0.2 A. Charging the battery in this mode requires a charger maintaining a constant output voltage of 13.8-14.4 V.
In this mode, the charge current is not regulated, but the charger is set automatically depending on the degree of battery discharge (as well as electrolyte temperature, etc.). With a constant charging voltage of 13.8-14.4 V, the battery can be charged in any of its states without the risk of excessive gassing and overheating of the electrolyte. Even in the case of a completely discharged battery, the charge current does not exceed the value of its nominal capacity.
At a non-negative electrolyte temperature, the battery is charged up to 50-60% of its capacity in the first hour of charging, by another 15-20% in the second hour, and only by 6-8% in the third hour. In total, in 4-5 hours of charging, the battery is charged to 90-95% of its full capacity, although the charging time may be different. Signs of the completion of the charge are a decrease in the charging current below 0.2 A.
This method does not allow you to charge the battery to 100% of its capacity, since for this it is necessary to increase the voltage at the battery terminals (and, accordingly, the output voltage of the charger) to 16.2 A. This method has the following advantages:
- the battery charges faster than constant current charging;
- the method is easier to implement in practice, since there is no need to regulate the current during charging, in addition, the battery can be charged without removing it from the vehicle.
When the battery is used in a car, it is also charged in the constant charge voltage mode (which is provided by the car generator). In "field" conditions, it is possible to charge a "planted" battery from the mains of another car by agreement with its owner. In this case, the load will be lower than with the traditional method of "lighting up". The time of such a charge, necessary for the ability to start on its own, depends on the temperature of the environment and the depth of discharge of its own battery.
The battery begins to discharge when the car is started, but immediately after starting the generator begins to feed the battery, which provides the device with 3-4 years of normal operation. After that, the battery life runs out. A good fresh battery can store a charge for a long time, even after 8-10 months of inactivity of the car, it can be started without problems. When using a worn-out battery, it will not be easy to start a car and after a month of inactivity. Today we will talk about the rules and features of battery charging.
1 When does the battery need to be recharged?
With a decrease in the electrolyte value in the battery by 0.01 g/cm3 compared to the initial density, the battery loses about 6% of its charge, that is, the battery will be discharged by about a quarter when the electrolyte density reaches 1.24 g/cm3. In warm weather, a car with such a battery can still be started, but in winter the driver may experience significant difficulties.
The battery needs to be recharged in the following situations:
- When the density of the electrolytic liquid drops to 1.25 g/cm3.
- When the density of liquid from different cans differs by 0.02 g/cm3 or more.
- When the instrument has been idle for 3 months or more after initial use.
- With a certain frequency, in order to remove the shallow sulfation of the plates with a small current charge.
Before you start charging the device, you should check the level and density of the electrically conductive substance. To do this, the battery is thoroughly wiped and cleaned of dirt and smudges. Particular attention must be paid to the places where the plugs of the filling holes fit to the body. Contaminants often accumulate in these places, which can get into the electrolyte when the plugs are opened.
For a working and not very worn battery, even if it is partially discharged, the level of the electrolytic substance must remain within the acceptable range - the plate grids will be completely covered. If there is much less liquid in one of the cans than in the others, it will be more difficult to check the density of the electrolyte. This is clear evidence of significant problems with the device as a whole.
In such a situation, you should add enough distilled water to an incomplete jar so that it slightly covers the plate grid. Only after that it will be possible to put the device on charge. If all the plates are covered with liquid, nothing needs to be added to the jars.
In a discharged battery, the electrolyte level decreases, and in a charged one, it increases.
If the charger wires are long enough, the battery can not be removed from the car, the main thing is to first disconnect the regular "+" and "ground" wires from it. Instead, the positive and negative wires of the charger are connected to the corresponding terminals of the device.
2 How much current is needed to recharge a car battery?
To charge a car battery, a current of 0.1 of the nominal capacity of the battery is required. For example, if the capacity of the device is 60 Ah, then the charging current should be no more than 6 amperes. It is not recommended to use a higher current for charging, this can adversely affect the condition of the battery and its durability. Too high a current can cause the active mass to fall out of the gratings and warp the plates.
If you are not in a hurry, then it is better to use a current equal to 0.05 of the battery capacity. That is, to charge a device with a capacity of 60 Ah, you need to use a current of 3 A. The lower the current you use, the deeper the charge of the device will be. The charging time increases, but the quality also increases.
If you need to speed up the process, then you can perform the procedure in two stages:
- Current charge, the value of which is calculated as 0.1 part of the battery capacity, up to an electrolyte density of 1.26 g/cm3.
- Decrease the value to 0.05 parts of capacity and continue charging until the battery is full.
3 How long does it take to charge the battery?
When the battery is charging, the electrolytic liquid "boils", that is, gas is released. If you start charging and notice too much gas, it is better to slightly reduce the current used. When charging with a low current, the liquid may not even boil, which indicates an increase in the time required for a full charge.
Because of this, you will need to check the density of the electrolytic fluid several times. As soon as it is restored to a value of 1.26 g / cm3 - 1.28 g / cm3, it is recommended to reduce the current and continue the procedure for another 1 hour. After these 60 minutes, charging can be completed.
In some cases, during charging in one of the cans, the density of the liquid may increase more slowly than in others, or even stop at a certain value, never reaching the norm. This usually happens due to a violation of the integrity of the active mass on the gratings. There is a high probability that after some time this bank will fail completely.
Do not try to equalize the density of the substance in the jars by pouring it from one container to another. Initially, electrolyte of the same density is poured into the jars, but over time, its saturation with lead sulfate can vary in different containers. If the electrolyte from different containers is mixed, its density may be disturbed, which will significantly reduce the battery life as a whole.
You don't need to overcharge the battery. When the device is discharged, the electrolysis of the water present in the electrolyte begins, as a result of which the water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen, and then evaporates. If you do not turn off the current after the liquid has gained the required density, the water will slowly boil away, which will require distilled water to be added to the jars.
4 Rules and features of working with maintenance-free batteries
Separately, you need to talk about how to properly charge maintenance-free batteries. It is impossible to check the electrolyte level in maintenance-free batteries, because they do not have filling holes, but they also need to be periodically recharged.
Such batteries usually have charge indicators, but it is impossible to get accurate information about the amount of charge and the density of the substance from them. In some cases, the indicator may show full capacity, but the actual charge will not be enough to crank the engine twice. In such a situation, the battery needs to be recharged.
The charging time of a maintenance-free battery depends on its discharge. Particular attention must be paid to the amount of current used. Using too much current will cause the water from the battery to boil away, but it will not be possible to replenish its amount due to the lack of holes. It is strongly recommended to constantly check the operation of the charger used and monitor the charging parameters. Applying too much current can have a very negative effect on the durability and functionality of the entire device.
As in the case of conventional batteries, it is better to set the current value at the level of 0.05 of the total battery capacity, and throughout the entire charging time. Under such conditions, the electrolyte will be protected from boiling, although it will take more time to recharge.
To charge the battery, whatever it may be, it is best to use chargers that allow you to set the value of constant voltage for charging. In this case, when the charge on the battery is replenished, the voltage will increase, and the amount of charging current used will decrease. The principle of operation of such modern chargers is identical to charging from a car generator.
It is best to set the output voltage on the chargers at 13.8 volts. In this case, you will not need to be constantly near the device and control charging, you can leave and go about your business. What voltage will be charged? Until the voltage at the output from the charger equals the voltage at the battery. After that, the value of the strength of the current used will decrease to 0, that is, the ongoing process will automatically stop without the threat of overcharging.
If you need to speed up the process of replenishing the charge of the device, you can set the voltage at 14.5 volts. So charging will go much faster, but there will be some chance of the water starting to boil away, which can only be replenished on batteries with special holes.
Car owners should understand not only the rules for charging car batteries, but also the features of their storage. The battery can only be stored in a fully charged state, the device must be clean and dry outside. It is best to choose a dark and cold place for storage, as the self-discharge rate of the device increases in a warm room.
If you do not plan to operate the car in winter, the battery can be left in the vehicle and not removed, but it must first be charged and left in the car without being connected to power wires, which also increase self-discharge. This is relevant only for regions where the temperature in winter does not fall below -40 ° C. In severe frosts, it is better to remove the battery, lubricate its terminals with petroleum jelly and leave it for storage at home.
Charging requires not only a completely dead battery (it is not desirable to bring it to this point), but also a battery that is in operation. But recharge time they will have miscellaneous. Often this from 8 to 12 hours. Our online calculator will help how much to charge a car battery using direct current.
The first charge of a new (uncharged) battery can take a relatively long time: 25–50 hours (depending on the condition of the battery). How long a used battery takes to charge depends on its state of discharge, usage time and condition. A heavily discharged battery may take 14-16 hours or more.
When, how and with what current to charge
As a rule, the degree of charge of the battery is judged by the density of its electrolyte. The density of a fully charged battery should be 1.26-1.28 g / cm³, the voltage should be at least 12.5 V. Everything will depend on whether it was originally installed in a new battery in your region of residence, it can be either 12.7 V or 12 .9V. The lower the density, the more it is discharged. A decrease in density by 0.01 g/cm3 compared to the nominal one means that the battery is discharged by about 6-8%. The degree of charge must be determined by the bank with the lowest density.
| Charge degree (%) | Electrolyte density (g/cm³) | Discharge degree (%) | Battery voltage (V) | Charge time at 10% capacity (hours) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | 1,277 | 0 | 12,73 | Not necessary |
| 90 | 1,258 | 10 | 12,62 | 2 |
| 80 | 1,238 | 20 | 12,50 | 4 |
| 70 | 1,217 | 30 | 12,37 | 6 |
| 60 | 1,195 | 40 | 12,24 | 8 |
| 50 | 1,172 | 50 | 12,10 | 10 |
| 40 | 1,148 | 60 | 11,96 | 13 |
| 30 | 1,124 | 70 | 11,81 | 16 |
| 20 | 1,098 | 80 | 11,66 | 20 |
| 10 | 1,073 | 90 | 11,51 | 24 |
| 0 | 1,06 | 100 | 11,4 | Sulfation |
A lead-acid battery that is more than 50% discharged in summer and only more than 25% in winter needs to be removed and recharged. Also, additional charging is required by the battery, the density in the banks of which differs by more than 0.02 g / cm³.
The optimal battery charging current is considered to be current equal to 0.05 from its capacity ( equalizing charge). So for a battery with a capacity of 55 Ah, this value is 2.75 A, and for 60 Ah it is already 3 amperes. The purpose of this method is to ensure complete recovery of active masses in all battery plates.
An equalizing charge is able to neutralize the effects of deep discharges. Recommended for the elimination of electrode sulfation caused by long-term operation of the battery at a charge of less than 70%.
Although the so-called forced charge and take another ratio - 10% of capacity. That is a standard car battery 55Ah charge current 2.75-5.5A, and for 60Ah battery charging current is set within from 3A to 6A. But, you need to know that the smaller the charging current, the deeper the charge, although it takes more time. Exactly the same situation with the supplied voltage - the more the faster, but it should not fall below 13.8 And exceed 14.5V). The charging voltage is raised up to 16.0-16.5V only when charging a maintenance-free battery.
Applying current above 1/10 of its capacity is harmful, but below 1/20 will be useless when charging.
It should be noted that today there are several methods for recharging the battery:
- With direct current;
- At constant voltage;
- Combining in automatic mode (we will not consider it, since in this case the time calculator is not needed).
Stages of discharge of a car battery
Battery charging time at constant current
The formula for calculating the charging current is: I \u003d Q * k, where Q is the battery capacity, and k is a certain coefficient from the nominal value (its ideal value is in the range of 0.04 ... 0.06, and the optimal value is up to 0.1). Based on this recommendation, the calculation of the time it takes for a fully planted battery looks like this: T \u003d Q / I. Substituting your values, you will see that it takes a lot of time, but since it often does not require a full charge, but only the restoration of the lost capacity, then this figure will be two or one and a half times less.
For a rough estimate of the required time to charge a car battery direct current first you need to determine the degree of discharge of the battery (in percent), then determine the lost capacity (in Ah), and then, choosing the amount of charging current, calculate the time for full charge. The formula for calculating how long it takes to recharge a car battery looks like this:
Multiplying this ratio by 2 times is necessary due to the fact that the efficiency of the process is 40-50%, the rest is spent on heating, as well as related electrochemical processes.
The use of the calculation formula must necessarily be accompanied by monitoring the progress of the charging process, especially at its completion, so as not to miss the onset of rapid boiling.
When for an hour at the battery terminals, during charging, the voltage stops increasing, the battery is 100% charged.
The value of the final voltage depends on: the value of the charging current, temperature, internal resistance of the battery, the presence of impurities in the electrolyte and the composition of the lattice alloy.
How to use the calculator
To find out how long you need to charge your battery, you do not need to go into the details of all processes and calculation formulas, just use this calculator.
For online calculation, you must fill in all three fields:
- In the "Nominal capacity" field, enter the capacity of the rechargeable car battery.
- In the "Degree of discharge" field, you can enter both the percentage calculated from the table and the voltage measured with a voltmeter.
- In the "Charging current" cell, you need to specify what kind of current you plan to charge the battery from the charger.
How long does an electronic cigarette charge and how to do it correctly? Such questions are often asked by those who prefer electronic steam generators to traditional tobacco products. The fact is that, unlike conventional ones, an electronic cigarette requires regular charging and you need to calculate how long the charge will last, otherwise you may find yourself in an unpleasant situation when the device is simply discharged.
However, the answers to the questions, how much is needed and how to charge an electronic cigarette more efficiently, are not as unambiguous as it might seem. This is influenced by many factors: from battery capacity to operating conditions. Below are the most important principles, the observance of which will allow the steam generator to serve as long and efficiently as possible.
Battery capacity
Models have different battery capacities. The smoker needs to decide on his needs. If a person smoked a pack of regular cigarettes a day, then a 220 mAh battery would not be enough for him even for a day. And 650 mAh or more when fully charged will last for several days of use. Depending on this, the charging time will be different in time: for devices with a small battery, the charging time should be only 1-2 hours, the version with a large battery takes 5 or more hours to charge.
To make it more clear, you can express the capacity of the battery in the number of puffs:
- 220 mAh = 220 rods = 12 regular tobacco products;
- 350 mAh = 350 rods = 20 regular tobacco products;
- 650 mAh = 650 rods = 35 regular tobacco products;
- 900 mAh = 900 rods = 50 regular tobacco products;
- 1100 mAh = 1100 rods = 60 regular tobacco products.
However, you need to understand that high-capacity batteries (over 650 mAh) are a double-edged sword. On the one hand, their charge lasts for a long time, on the other hand, it takes longer to charge them, which is not always convenient. In addition, large batteries lose capacity over time. In general, everyone must decide for himself.
It must be remembered that the battery is designed for 300-500 full charge cycles (this is enough for about a year), after which it must be replaced with a new one.
Charge level control
How do you know if an electronic cigarette is empty? Different models have different system signals. The most common sign that the device needs to be charged is the flashing of an LED at the end or in the middle of the case. Flashing appears when the battery has less than 30% charge left. Also, if the steam generator produces too little steam or does not produce steam at all, then it should be charged. While charging, the indicator will glow red. This means that this model is still charging.
When the cigarette is charged, the indicator will turn green.
How to properly charge
A new, just bought device, as a rule, is half charged. Before you charge your electronic cigarette for the first time, you must first discharge it completely. The first time you need to charge an electronic cigarette 2-3 times longer than with normal charging, then it charges much less time. It is recommended to charge it to the end every time (full discharge - full charge) - this will extend the battery life. Proper charging is the key to battery longevity. Charge correctly and the steam generator will last longer.
To charge, you must connect the device to a power source. It can be a charger that connects to the mains and a clearomizer, or it can be a micro-USB connector built into the case and connected to the computer's USB port. At the same time, the micro-USB connector allows you to use the steam generator already during charging. On the other hand, this complicates the battery design and makes the steam generator more expensive.
How to smoke
In addition to the question of how to charge, you should also figure out how to smoke properly so that the battery lasts longer. Much depends on the technique of smoking. Puffs must be done smoothly, without sharp breaths, otherwise the steam generator may simply overheat. It is necessary to take a break between puffs lasting about 5 seconds. This also affects the taste and saturation of the steam: if you inhale too often, then the steam simply will not have time to be produced.
It is not recommended to smoke constantly - this will also lead to overheating of the device and premature battery wear. The optimal number of puffs per smoking approximately corresponds to the number of puffs with regular tobacco: 10-15 puffs, after which it is recommended to take a break.
There are devices with automatic steam generation, and there are those where you need to press a special button. Automatic devices are more expensive and less accurate, which can result in more battery drain.
Following these simple rules, you can choose the optimal model of the steam generator and maximize its service life and your pleasure.
Specific information on how to properly charge an electronic cigarette and how much it charges is indicated in the instructions. Different models charge differently, and it is impossible to find the optimal numbers for all options.
