Permissible axle weight. Maximum size and weight of a truck

Among the many other requirements that apply directly to freight transport, the prevention of overload is considered one of the most important. Too heavy cars at times accelerate the wear of the roadway. In addition, excess weight often causes certain breakdowns of the vehicle, which, in turn, can create an emergency or, at best, inconvenience to other road users.

The wording "load" refers to the pressure exerted by the mass of the vehicle on the roadbed. At the same time, the rear axles almost always transfer a significantly larger load to the coating. The exception is situations when the vehicle moves empty.

Trucks according to the current classification are divided into two groups. So those that are included in the first (A) are allowed to be driven onto roads from the 1st to the 3rd category inclusive. Vehicles that belong to group B do not have these restrictions.

In the case of road trains, the rules are somewhat different. So, in particular, for trucks:

• equipped with 3 axles, the permitted weight is not more than 28 tons;
• if there are 4 of them, then the norm will be 36 tons;
• with 5 - an indicator of 40 tons;
• 6 - 44 t.

The maximum permissible loads are given in this table:

An important point is that the error in the calculation cannot exceed five percent. Also, do not forget about the general rule - the closer the axes are, the greater the load they transfer to the canvas.

What's new in 2019

The main amendments concerned the rules governing the transportation of goods by road. At the same time, for vehicles equipped with three axles, using highways of the second category for movement, the permissible load was determined in the amount from 21 to 22.5 tons, provided that the following are installed on the machine:

• single wheels;
• air or equivalent suspension.

Weighing trucks is carried out at specialized points located directly on the tracks. Two methods are used here - dynamic and static. The last option involves the arrival of heavy trucks on the scales with a mandatory stop. Distinguished by its maximum accuracy.

The dynamic method allows you to determine the mass of the vehicle directly in the process of its movement. It will be enough for the driver to slow down to 5 kilometers per hour and drive through the weighing platform. The considered option allows you to determine exactly the axial load. It has one drawback - a serious error of about 3 percent.

What is dangerous overload

Exceeding the maximum load value set directly by the manufacturer is strictly prohibited. This requirement has existed since Soviet times. There are no such restrictions for passenger cars - here it is considered a violation to transport too many people.

An overly loaded car is a potentially dangerous object. He, for example, is able to create an emergency situation, because he is not able to drive evenly and at the proper speed. Passing through overpasses and bridges also sometimes ends in failure, because each such object has a limited margin of safety, that is, it is not able to withstand any weight.

A heavy truck accelerates the destruction of the road surface. Sometimes there are separate pits on the tracks, and in some situations so-called ruts - depressions squeezed out in the asphalt by passing trucks.

Extreme axial loads also have another unpleasant property - they accelerate the wear of components and assemblies of the car at times. At the same time, such a truck has a longer braking section.

Load cells

Today, more and more carriers use special sensors that allow real-time determination of the axle load. Devices are mounted on a machine, regardless of its type, but in addition to obvious advantages, they also have a significant drawback - high cost.

The device avoids overloading the machine, which, in turn, ensures an increase in its service life. In addition, the sensor is equipped with a communication module with both GLONASS and GPS satellites, and this helps the dispatcher of the transport company to track the condition of the truck.

fines

The legislation provides for liability for persons who have allowed overload. The penalty is imposed in accordance with Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code. So, in particular:

• citizens and individual entrepreneurs pay up to 2,000 rubles;
• responsible persons - maximum 15,000;
• enterprises - up to 400 thousand.

At the same time, according to the law, it is allowed to apply punishment not earlier than the weighing of the allegedly overloaded vehicle is carried out.

AXLE LOAD
2019

Annex No. 2 to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road
Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272

PERMISSIBLE LOAD
ON THE AXLE OF A CARGO VEHICLE

Single axle with a distance between closely spaced axles over 2.5 meters

6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Note:

Two-axle group (a group of 2 closely spaced axles) with a distance between closely spaced axles up to 1 meter (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Two-axle group (group of 2 closely spaced axles) with a distance between the closely spaced axles over

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Two-axle group (group of 2 closely spaced axles) with a distance between the closely spaced axles over

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Three-axle group (group of 3 close axes) with a distance between close axes up to 1 meter (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Three-axle group (a group of 3 closely spaced axes) with a distance between the closely spaced axes over
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Three-axle group (a group of 3 closely spaced axes) with a distance between the closely spaced axes over
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Contiguous axles with no more than 4 wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of up to 1 meter (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Contiguous axles with no more than 4 wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of more than
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Contiguous axles with no more than 4 wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of more than
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Contiguous axles with 8 or more wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between contiguous axles of up to 1 meter (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

1 meter to 1.3 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Contiguous axles with 8 or more wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of over
1.3 meters to 1.8 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Contiguous axles with 8 or more wheels on each axle (a group of 4 axles or more) with a distance between the contiguous axles of over
1.8 meters to 2.5 meters (inclusive)

Permissible vehicle axle load depending on the calculated axle load and the number of wheels on the axle

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Location of vehicle axles

Distance between closely spaced axes (meters)

Permissible load on the axle of a wheeled vehicle depending on the standard (calculated) load on the axle (tons) and the number of wheels on the axle (tons)

for roads designed for load
6 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
10 tons
per axle

for roads designed for load
11.5 tons
per axle

Single axle (mass per axle)

Two-axle group (the sum of the masses of the axles included in the group of 2 adjacent axles)

up to 1 m (inclusive)

Three-axle group (the sum of the masses of the axles included in the group of 3 closely spaced axles)

up to 1 m (inclusive)

over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)

over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)

over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)

Contiguous axles of vehicles with no more than 4 wheels on each axle (load per axle in a group of 4 axles or more)

up to 1 m (inclusive)

over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)

over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)

over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)

Contiguous axles of vehicles with 8 or more wheels on each axle (load per axle in a group of axles)

up to 1 m (inclusive)

over 1 m to 1.3 m (inclusive)

over 1.3 m to 1.8 m (inclusive)

over 1.8 m to 2.5 m (inclusive)

In the event that the owner of the highway establishes the appropriate road signs and posts information on the axial load of the vehicle permissible for the highway on its official website.

For vehicles with axles and axle groups with single wheels, equipped with air suspension or equivalent.

A group of proximate axles is a grouped axles, structurally combined and (or) not combined into a bogie, with a distance to the nearest axle up to 2.5 meters (inclusive).

Mass per axle, or the sum of the masses of the axles included in the axle group.

Notes:

1. Values ​​in brackets are for axles with dual wheels, without brackets - for axles with single wheels.

2. Two-axle and three-axle groups, having in their composition axles with single and double wheels, should be considered as groups of axles, having axles with single wheels.

3. Uneven axle load distribution is allowed for two-axle and three-axle groups, if the actual load on the axle group does not exceed the permissible load on the axle group with single or dual-wheel wheels and the actual load on the most loaded axle in two-axle and three-axle groups does not exceed the permissible axle load of a single axle with single or double wheels, respectively.

4. If there are different values ​​of center distances in axle groups, each distance between axles is assigned a value obtained by arithmetic averaging (the sum of all center distances in the group is divided by the number of center distances in the group).

The center distance, obtained by arithmetic averaging, is assigned to two-axle and three-axle groups to determine the allowable load.

If the vehicle (with or without cargo) exceeds the above maximum permissible axle load, such a vehicle goes into the category of heavy vehicles.

Further operation of such a vehicle and the transportation of goods by it on public roads of the Russian Federation is possible only with a special permit.

A special permit for the movement on public roads of a vehicle carrying heavy loads is issued by the Federal Road Agency "Rosavtodor" and its subordinate institutions.

Since 2012, it has been possible to apply for special permits electronically through the Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services, located on the Internet at www.gosuslugi.ru.

A special permit is issued for one trip or for several trips (no more than ten) of a vehicle along a certain route with a similar cargo having the same characteristics (name, dimensions, weight).

A special permit is issued for up to three months.

The route of the car in excess of the maximum permissible axle load is agreed with the owners of highways and the State Inspectorate for Road Safety.

For issuing one special permit for the movement of a heavy vehicle, a state fee of 1,600 rubles is provided.

For the passage of a car with an excess of the maximum permissible axle load on public roads, a fee is also provided for compensation for damage caused to roads.

The amount of the fee is calculated for each application individually when issuing a special permit in accordance with the methodology and provisions of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 16, 2009 No. 934 “On compensation for damage caused by vehicles transporting heavy loads on the roads of the Russian Federation”.

Responsibility for violation of the rules for the movement of a heavy vehicle is provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Responsibility for exceeding the maximum permissible load on the vehicle axle is borne by all persons guilty of committing the specified offense: the driver, officials responsible for transportation, an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity.

In case of fixing an administrative offense by special technical means operating in automatic mode, having the functions of photography and filming, video recording, an administrative fine is imposed on the owner (owner) of the vehicle.

Depending on the amount of exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axle of the car, measured as a percentage, the amount of responsibility of the perpetrators also changes.

The greater the amount of exceeding the maximum permissible load on the axle of the car, the greater the amount of the fine imposed on the perpetrators.

Maximum permissible dimensions

Permissible maximum weight
car / vehicle

ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY
for violation of the rules of the movement of heavy vehicles

Article 12.21.1 part 1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle with an excess of the permissible axle load of the vehicle by 2 to 10 percent without a special permit, or with an excess of the permitted axle load of the vehicle specified in a special permit by 2 to 10 percent

Article 12.21.1 part 2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the permissible axle load by more than 10 but not more than 20 percent without a special permit

Article 12.21.1 part 3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the permissible axle load by more than 20 but not more than 50 percent without a special permit

Article 12.21.1 part 4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the maximum allowable axle load specified in the special permit by more than 10 but not more than 20 percent

Article 12.21.1 part 5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the maximum permissible axle load specified in the special permit by more than 20 but not more than 50 percent

Article 12.21.1 part 6 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Movement of a heavy vehicle exceeding the permitted vehicle axle load by more than 50 percent without a special permit, or exceeding the maximum permissible vehicle axle load specified in a special permit by more than 50 percent

Article 12.21.1 part 8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Provision by the consignor of false information about the weight or dimensions of the cargo in the documents for the transported cargo or failure to indicate in the consignment note when transporting bulky or heavy cargoes information about the number, date or validity period of a special permit or about the route of transportation of such cargo, if this resulted in a violation provided for in part 1 , 2 or 4 of this article

Article 12.21.1 part 9 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Provision by the consignor of false information about the mass or dimensions of the cargo in the documents for the transported cargo or failure to indicate in the consignment note when transporting bulky or heavy cargoes information about the number, date or validity period of a special permit or about the route of transportation of such cargo, if this resulted in a violation provided for in part 3 , 5 or 6 of this article

Article 12.21.1 part 10 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Exceeding the permitted load on the vehicle axle, or exceeding the maximum permissible load on the vehicle axle, specified in a special permit, by legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who loaded the cargo into the vehicle

Article 12.21.1 part 11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Failure to comply with the requirements prescribed by road signs prohibiting the movement of cars, the total actual mass of which exceeds those indicated on the road sign, if the movement of such cars is carried out without special permission

Punishment:
a fine of 5000 rubles

Note:
For administrative offenses provided for in Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity bear administrative responsibility as legal entities

New rules for heavy cargo transportation

Significant innovations have been from July 1, 2015 all Russian and foreign transport companies, which is due to changes in payment for the transportation of oversized cargo on federal roads by road for 2019. Now the transportation of heavy cargo on public highways is carried out only if a number of conditions are met, which are strictly stipulated by existing legislation.

The amount of such payment for the transportation of heavy and oversized cargo on federal highways is calculated taking into account:

• the absolute mass of a heavy vehicle;
• distance between vehicle axles;
• the length of the entire route along which the cargo follows.

It should be noted that the amount of the fee for the transportation of oversized cargo must be reported to the carrier no later than 3 days before the final agreement on the route of transportation.

The procedure for the movement of such goods on the roads of federal subordination of the Russian Federation is determined by a special Instruction. At the same time, the payers of this toll are domestic and foreign users or owners of vehicles that directly carry out the transportation of heavy goods. The passage of vehicles of the above category on federal roads should be carried out only with special permits issued by authorized departments of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

The distribution of cargo on the vehicle is carried out in such a way that the total mass of the vehicle with such cargo does not exceed the norm established by existing instructions and applications.

Online axial load calculator

Quick and easy calculation of heavy cargo charges

Before buying a heavy-duty transport, its owner has a desire to find out the costs of operating this transport, provided it is fully loaded. Specially, to solve this issue, our specialists created ONLINE CALCULATOR

After registering in which, you will be able to calculate the axle load limit, as well as the future costs of operating the vehicle, when it travels on public roads.

Permissible vehicle weights

Type of vehicle or combination of vehicles
funds, number and location of axles

Permissible weight
vehicle, tons

Heavy vehicles are one of the most common causes of road damage. That is why on the territory of the Russian Federation there are special rules for the passage of heavy trucks, which also apply to the weight of a loaded vehicle.

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For overloading vehicles, the Code of Administrative Offenses provides for penalties. What weight of a truck is allowed by the regulations? What is considered an overload and what is the penalty for overloading a vehicle, read on.

What is the allowed weight of trucks

Control over heavy trucks in the Russian Federation is carried out by the State traffic inspectorate in accordance with the following regulations:

• Federal Law No. 257;
• Government Decree No. 272.

Documents established:

• permissible masses of trucks with or without trailers;
• maximum permissible loads on the axle of vehicles;
• permitted overloads;
• rules for the transportation of goods that exceed the permissible norms.

So, checking the weight of trucks is carried out according to two parameters:

• allowable weight;
• truck axle load.

Permissible weight is a parameter that is set by the vehicle manufacturer (indicated in the vehicle's passport).

Permissible axle load of a truck in Russia 2019

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the Approval of the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Road”, the act was issued on April 15, 2011, number 272. Its last revision is dated December 22, 2016. The Code of Administrative Offenses, part one, the act was issued on December 30, 2001, under the number 195-ФЗ Order of the Ministry of Transport “ On Approval of the Rules for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road, the act was issued on August 8, 1995 under the number 73, and its last revision was dated October 14, 1999

In conclusion, it should be noted that all persons involved in the operation of the truck must control the compliance with the permissible and actual load on the axle of the truck.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the legislator entails the application of an administrative penalty.

It is expressed in the imposition of a large fine.

It is impossible to get a fine for overload, conflicts and deception of customers are excluded;

• the driver or dispatcher from any place in the world can control the weight of the goods in the car, the sensor is connected to GPS and GLONASS systems and transmits information in real time.

What is the possible overload

Article 29 of Federal Law No. 275 establishes that drivers do not have the right to use a vehicle if its axle load exceeds the permissible one by 2% (taking into account the error). The exception is cars that belong to the Armed Forces, which is confirmed by documents.

The law also establishes that if the goods weigh more than 20 tons, or they are longer than 20 meters and wider than 2.55 meters, and the height reaches 4 meters, the owner is obliged to obtain an additional agreement for the carriage of goods.

If the dimensions of the goods exceed 24 meters in length and 3.5 meters in width, the truck must travel with a coating machine, which is equipped with an orange or yellow warning sign.

Responsibility for violations

Penalties depend on the type of cargo the driver is carrying, such as hazardous, poisonous, bulky, etc.

All types of administrative penalties are prescribed in article 12.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses.

3 penalties are considered standard:

For some loads and large weights, permits are required, of which there are also several types, and a separate fine is required for the absence of each. There are situations when the cargo according to the documents and according to the weights do not match.

The inspector has no right to issue a fine if there was no control weighing.

A specialist can determine the overload by eye, but it will not work to prove it.

If an excess is found at the weighing point, a fine is issued to the person who operates the car. It can be the owner, representative or tenant.

Permissible axle load of a truck in Russia 2019 latest news

The process is fraught with a certain kind of negative consequences.

For example, a load that exceeds the allowable rate is capable of transferring significant pressure to the axle, which may not withstand it.

These include:

• the occurrence of an emergency due to the unstable movement of an overloaded vehicle;
• destruction of the roadway;
• an increase in the length of the braking distance of a car with a load, which entails an increase in the emergency;
• driving an overloaded car becomes much more difficult when ice sets in, the asphalt pavement becomes wet;
• loss of control of a loaded car during its sudden braking, due to skidding of its rear part;
• overturning of a car with a load due to a violation of its stability due to improper distribution of the load or its fastening;
• increased wear and tear of the truck;
• the failure of its parts due to the impact of the load is large compared to the permissible norm.

Video: restrictions

Important nuances

At its core, a truck is a machine, that is, a motor vehicle. Its main purpose is to perform a given function by making certain movements to transport cargo of various weights and dimensions.

It moves along the communication lines without rails, which is part of the transport infrastructure facilities.

The wording "highway" in accordance with the provisions of Federal Law No. 196-FZ means an engineering structure.

It adapts to the movement of vehicles, regardless of their category.

The highway includes:

Indicators Description Structural elements roadbed, pavement, parts that are a technological part, special lanes dividing it into certain carriageways and tramways, sidewalks intended for pedestrians Protective road structures landscaping tools, devices that protect the road from snow avalanches, noise and wind Artificial road structures bridges, aqueducts, tunnels, overpasses, pipelines Separate details of the arrangement road safety signs, fences, traffic lights, traffic control devices, special devices that perform the functions of photography and filming, video recorders that record violations of traffic rules

A large number of people are involved in traffic, such as drivers of trucks and cars, ordinary citizens represented by passers-by, traffic police officers. Any person participating in the traffic formed on the highway can become the culprit of a traffic accident.

Each of them is endowed with certain duties that they must perform.

They are obliged to comply with the rules that allow driving on the road without creating threats and possible risks on it, danger to other people.

In accordance with the standards, the load from the mass of the vehicle itself and the load must be distributed proportionally to the front and rear axles. For example, the front axle of a dual-base vehicle should carry one-third of the mass, and the rear axle two-thirds.

A ban is imposed on the operation of a truck if its mass or axle load exceeds the permissible load by 2%.

Permissible axle load of a truck in Russia 2019 table

In this situation, a measure of influence is applied in the form of a penalty on certain persons, which is noted in part 1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, namely in article 12.21.1.

Its size, depending on the numerical indicator of exceeding the permissible load, is for:

When transporting dangerous goods, a special permit is required. It is issued by the relevant department of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, as emphasized in Order No. 273.

In addition, lighting devices should be additionally installed on it in front and behind if the cargo is transported at night or fog forms in the environment.

Each truck driver, in accordance with the instructions of the SDA regulation, must install a special sign.

The measure is carried out if the dimensions of the transported cargo protrude from the front or back by 1 meter or more, and on the sides - 40 cm.

What is regulated

Issues regarding the ownership and operation of trucks are regulated by a number of legislative by-laws.

These include:

Indicators Description The federal law "On highways and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation" was issued on November 8, 2007 under the number 257-FZ.

Maximum axle load of a truck in Russia 2019

Values ​​in brackets are for dual wheels, without brackets - for single wheels.

2. Axles with single and double wheels, combined in a group of close axles, should be considered as close axles with single wheels.

For tandem and triple axles structurally integrated into a common bogie, the allowable axle load is determined by dividing the total allowable bogie load by the corresponding number of axles.

4. An uneven distribution of the load along the axles for two-axle and three-axle bogies is allowed, if the total load on the bogie does not exceed the permissible one, and the load on the most loaded axle does not exceed the permissible axial load of the corresponding (single or dual) single axle.

How to calculate load

Axle load refers to the load from the mass of the vehicle, transmitted to the plane through its wheels.

Consideration should be given to its significant unevenness on the front and rear (rear) axles of the truck.

Any calculation will be approximate, since it is impossible to scrupulously take into account all the parameters.

Approximate calculation sequence for a common model tractor + trailer:

• As well as for the trailer, we take it as 75% of the value obtained. The resulting value is divided by the number of rear axles of the tractor.
  We define the load on the front axle as 25%. As a result, the values ​​for all axles of the tractor and trailer are obtained. You should be guided to any maximum value, it is precisely this that is taken into account at weight posts.

There are calculators on the Internet that allow you to make calculations automatically.

Permissible load on the axle of a truck in Russia 2019

The carrying capacity is about 20 tons;

• container ships are vehicles designed to carry containers;
• tanker trucks are machines that can be used to transport bulk and liquid cargo;
• car carriers are used to move other cars;
• grain carriers are used to transport grain crops;
• dump trucks are used to transport bulk cargo.

In front of some bridges or on some roads, you can see signs 3.12 prohibiting the movement of vehicles whose mass on one of the axles exceeds that indicated on the sign.

If the mass is higher, the driver must find another route. If the citizen continues to move, he will automatically be fined.

The axle load depends on the type of spread and the distance between the axles.

Its main purpose is to ensure the safety of themselves and those in contact with them.

If the state of health does not meet the requirements, then they are removed from the performance of functional duties.

In accordance with the norms of the Federal Law, individuals who meet certain requirements are allowed to drive a truck.

These include:

1. Possession of Russian citizenship.
2. Reaching adulthood.
3. Acquisition of capacity.
4. The name of the driver's license.
5. Recognition of fitness to drive a truck for physical health reasons.
6. The presence of registration at the place of residence.

Every person driving a truck must be held civilly responsible for his acts and omissions while driving. He must possess both theoretical knowledge on the device of a technical device and practical skills and abilities to drive it.

As for a legal entity, it must be registered with state bodies - the Unified Register of Legal Entities and the Federal Tax Service.

The measure makes it possible to establish its organizational and legal form and the status of a tax resident of the Russian state.

Where is checked

Checking the compliance of the permissible load with the conditions of safe driving is carried out by weighing at the checkpoint. The cargo transportation control procedure allows you to set the real mass that acts on the axle.

Ways to control the weight of the transported cargo:

Indicators Description Dynamic weighing The vehicle must be moved at a speed not exceeding 5 km / h on the scales installed on the road.

They are able to accurately determine the weight of the car, including the weight of each axle with a small margin of error.
This method allows you to more accurately determine the parameters under study.

What overload is allowed, including on the axle

In accordance with Article 29, paragraph 2 of Federal Law No. 275, drivers are prohibited from operating a vehicle if the vehicle mass or axle load exceeds the norm by more than 2%.

An exception to this rule are any types of vehicles belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

How is it calculated

In order not to receive an administrative penalty before transporting goods, it is recommended to calculate the mass of the car and the load on each axle of the car.

The mass of vehicles and the axle load are interconnected by the following relationship:

Vehicle weight = front axle load + axle load 2 + …+ axle load N

For example, for a GAZ 3302 car with two axles, this ratio has the following form:

3200 (maximum or gross vehicle weight) = 1200 (front axle load) + 2300 (rear axle load).

If the calculation is made for a road train consisting of a tractor and a trailer, then the following instructions should be followed to determine the parameters:

• in accordance with the passport data, we determine the mass of the car and the mass of the trailer;
• we will find out from the supplier the actual weight of the cargo. This parameter must be reflected in the invoice;
• the load between the tractor and the trailer is usually distributed according to 25% to 75% respectively.
  From here you can calculate the load on the trailer, which is equal to 0.75 * (trailer mass + cargo mass);
• according to the rules, the load on the trailer is distributed evenly on each axle. Knowing the mass of the trailer with a load and the number of axles, it is possible to determine what load applies to each axle (weight of the trailer with a load / number of axles);

At such types of weight control posts, the movement of equipment from place to place is prohibited;

• at mobile posts equipped on the basis of a cargo van. Mobile posts may, in accordance with the regulations, change their location.

Weight control can be carried out in two ways:

dynamic. The vehicle moves in a certain place equipped with special sensors at a speed of no more than 5 km/h.

With this method of determining the parameters of mass and axial load, the measurement error can be up to 3%;

statistical. Measurements are made on scales after a complete stop of the vehicle.

Among the many other requirements that apply directly to freight transport, the prevention of overload is considered one of the most important. Too heavy cars at times accelerate the wear of the roadway.

In addition, excess weight often causes certain breakdowns of the vehicle, which, in turn, can create an emergency or, at best, inconvenience to other road users.

What is the permitted axle load of a truck in 2019, you will learn from the table in this article. We will also talk about a number of important nuances related to this issue.

Trucks, in accordance with the norms of the current federal law, may be allowed to traffic without a special permit, unless their weight exceeds 44 tons.

In 2015, these changes were made to the current rules governing the use of freight transport.

The loads falling on both the rear and front axles of the car are clearly regulated. Exceeding the limit is a punishable act.

The wording "load" refers to the pressure exerted by the mass of the vehicle on the roadbed. At the same time, the rear axles almost always transfer a significantly larger load to the coating.

Trucks according to the current classification are divided into two groups. So those that are included in the first (A) are allowed to be driven onto roads from the 1st to the 3rd category inclusive.

The general weight limits for machines are listed here:

In the case of road trains, the rules are somewhat different.

up to 1.3 (inclusive)

from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)

from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

Contiguous axles of trucks, tractors, truck tractors, trailers and semi-trailers, with more than three axles at a distance between axles (one axle load)

up to 1 (inclusive)

from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)

from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)

from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

Contiguous axles of vehicles with eight or more wheels on each axle (load per axle)

up to 1 (inclusive)

from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)

from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)

from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

Table note:

General concepts

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In 2013, the legislator introduced new types of categories and subcategories, which was dictated by the emergence of new types of vehicles in the country. To date, according to the norms of legislative acts, there are ten categories and six subcategories of vehicles.

They are subdivided according to a certain type, which has its own characteristics and distinctive features.

What it is

The expression "truck" means a technical means intended for the transportation of cargo. It is transported in a body or on a specially equipped platform.

Its permitted weight must be commensurate with the sum of the load on the front and rear axles.

If the mass of the truck, together with the mass of the cargo, is more than 80 tons, then the traffic police draw up a specific route for the movement of vehicles, taking into account the admissibility of passing through certain sections (including bridges) of the route.

The second parameter - axle load is the load that is transferred to the road by the wheels of one axle of the vehicle.

The load on the rear axle in all cases is greater than the load on the front axle, since most trucks have a cargo compartment at the back, and only the engine and other auto components are located in front.

To control the axle load of the vehicle, the concept of "maximum axle load" was introduced, which means the load from the largest axle of the vehicle.

The maximum axle load is the basis for the introduction of restrictions on the passage of certain types of vehicles on the roads.

These restrictions are indicated by appropriate road signs, for example, when a 5t limit is introduced on an axle, the following sign is displayed:

Permissible axial loads are specified in Appendix 2 to Government Decree No. 272:

Note:

• for single wheels, the parameter is indicated without brackets;
• for dual wheels, the parameter is indicated in brackets;
• "*" is acceptable if there are appropriate road signs and information on official Internet resources;
• "**" for vehicles that are equipped with air suspension or equivalent.

By whom and where is it checked

Checking the mass of the truck and the axle load is carried out by the traffic police inspector:

• at stationary posts that are installed in certain places (as a rule, at the exit or entrance to the settlement).

The article was written based on materials from the sites: proekt-007.ru, www.sespel.com, nordconsulting.ru.

Freight transport can damage the roadway and is a source of increased danger to other vehicles. Especially for such vehicles in Russia, there are special rules governing the maximum permitted weight of a truck and the permissible overload. In case of their violation, penalties will be imposed on the culprit.

Legislation and general provisions

Heavy vehicles are a serious burden on the roadway. In order to minimize its damage and ensure safety on the roads, restrictions on the maximum mass of a truck were developed and liability was introduced for their violation.

In the Russian Federation, these norms are given in Federal Law No. 257 and Government Decree No. 272. The State Traffic Inspectorate is obliged to monitor the implementation of the norms.

Truck drivers should pay attention to the following points:

• The rules apply exclusively on public highways of territorial or federal significance.
• Overloaded vehicles must only drive on special roads.
• If the roadway is not able to withstand the load established by law, its owner has the right to establish its own restrictions.
• Before lowering the limits on the maximum permissible weight of the machine, a survey of the condition of the roadway should be carried out.
• On routes with restrictions for heavy vehicles, road signs should be installed to warn drivers about this.
• The norms for axle load depend on the operating instructions of the vehicle.

Maximum dimensions of goods vehicles

The maximum permitted parameters of heavy vehicles are set in the agreement of the CIS countries. According to him:

• The length of the car, trailer and bus should not exceed 12 m, for an articulated bus this parameter is 18 m, and for a road train - 20 m. Lifting platforms, steps, windshield wipers, mirrors are not taken into account in the calculation of the length.
• The width of any vehicle is less than 2.55 m. This does not include lights, stairs and steps, platforms, mirrors, tire pressure indicators.
• The permitted height is 4 m, including the body or container.

Maximum allowable weight for freight transport

The maximum weight of a truck is otherwise called the gross weight and is the sum of the weight of the truck itself and the load.

All heavy vehicles are divided into three categories:

• low-tonnage;
• medium-tonnage;
• large-capacity.

To the class of small-tonnage include small trucks, including the Gazelle, in which the cab and body are on the same carrier frame. They are used, as a rule, in trade for the transportation of small goods over relatively short distances. The mass of such trucks is not more than 3.5 tons, and the carrying capacity, depending on the model, is from 0.5 to 2.5 tons.

They have a weight of more than 12 tons and are used to transport very heavy and bulky goods. They are often included in saddle and trailer road trains.

In addition to the maximum allowable weight of the transported cargo, another parameter is important for checking for overload - the axial load. Since the design of the machines implies a cargo compartment at the rear, the main weight of the cargo falls on the rear axle.

The permissible mass of heavy vehicles is given in Appendix 1, and the permitted axle loads are given in Appendix 2 to Government Decree No. 272. For example, according to this Appendix, a five-axle truck train can weigh no more than 40 tons, and a three-axle vehicle - no more than 24 tons.

For the passage of a vehicle with a total mass of more than 44 tons, you need to issue a special permit, which indicates the route, time of departure and arrival. For a car weighing 80 tons with cargo, the route is made up by traffic police officers.

To avoid the axle overload penalty, a special permission can be used

In order not to pay a fine for overloading, you need to calculate the total mass of the car and the axle load. These two quantities are interconnected by the following relationship: the total mass is equal to the sum of the loads on each of the axles. At the same time, in a two-axle vehicle, the load on the front axle is three times less than on the rear. For trailers, it is distributed evenly on each of the axles. The obtained values ​​​​should be compared with the table from Appendix 2 to Government Decree No. 272.

According to the Federal law, the overload can be no more than 2% of the allowable value.

In the event of an overload, the culprit is subject to administrative liability in accordance with Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. Individual entrepreneurs bear the same responsibility as legal entities.

Penalties for exceeding the permissible mass of a truck are imposed on the driver, the official responsible for transportation, the legal entity and the owner of the vehicle. In case of an overload of more than 50%, the driver loses his license for up to 6 months.

In addition to overloading, fines are imposed in case of:

• deviations from the route sheet;
• indication of false data on the weight of the cargo;
• lack of permission to transport bulky goods;
• exceeding the standard dimensions of the vehicle by 10 cm.

According to the order of the Federal Road Service of Russia, norms and restrictions were introduced that regulate the maximum size and weight of motor vehicles on the roads. This was done in order to reduce the load on the road surface and prevent possible emergencies.

General provisions

The main goals that were pursued in the preparation of these restrictions:

1. Ensuring road safety.
2. Ensuring the safety of the roadway.
3. Ensuring the safety of the vehicle structure.

Each roadbed has a certain structure, and road structures have a corresponding mass. That is why the restrictions were introduced.

General provisions from the order to which you should pay attention:

1. Restrictions apply only to public roads of federal and territorial significance.
2. If the norms are exceeded, then only specialized roads can be used.
3. If the road implies a lower load, then its owner can set its own standards (federal road service, executive authorities, local governments).
4. If there is a need to reduce the size and weight of vehicles, then a survey of the condition of the roads is carried out.
5. If there are restrictions on the size and weight of the vehicle, then the driver must be informed by appropriate traffic signs.
6. Based on the operating instructions from the vehicle manufacturer, a restriction is introduced on the distribution of the load along the axles.

Maximum dimensions of a truck

There is an agreement between the CIS countries, according to which the possible dimensions of freight transport are determined.

Maximum length:

• 12 meters for a truck;
• 12 meters for a trailer;
• 12 meters for a bus;
• 18 meters for an articulated bus;
• 20 meters for articulated vehicle and road train.

Maximum Width:

• 2.55 meters for any car;
• 2.6 meters for an isothermal body.

Max Height:

• 4 meters for any transport;
• the maximum height is calculated taking into account the body or container.

When calculating the length is not taken into account:

1. Steps for access to the body.
2. Lifting platforms.
3. Air tubes.
4. Mirrors for visibility on the roads.
5. Devices for lighting.
6. Fillings.
7. Marking plates.
8. Devices for fixing the tarpaulin.
9. Glass cleaners.

When measuring height, antennas and pantographs are not taken into account.

Width measurement does not take into account:

• devices for fillings;
• mudguards;
• devices for fixing the tarpaulin;
• lighting;
• steps and suspended platforms;
• retractable stairs;
• mirrors;
• tire pressure indicators and identification of their damage.

Maximum truck weight

The maximum weight of a truck is:

• 18 tons for a two-axle vehicle;
• 24 tons for a three-ton car;
• 25 tons for a three-axle vehicle with a driving axle of two pairs of wheels;
• 32 tons for a four-axle vehicle with two driven axles.

Maximum weight for combined transport:

• 18 tons for a two-axle trailer;
• 24 tons for a three-axle trailer.

Different weights of a truck are allowed if they are:

1. Saddle road train (from 36 to 38 tons).
2. Trailer train (from 36 to 44 tons).
3. Bus (from 18 to 28 tons).

The maximum weight of a truck often depends on the total number of axles and the number of driven axles.

Rules for the entry of trucks into Moscow

Trucks can drive around Moscow only after obtaining a special permit. It is issued in electronic form, for this the documents are sent to the website of the Department of Transport.

The following restrictions apply:

1. It is forbidden to enter Moscow for trucks weighing more than 12 tons.
2. It is forbidden to enter the limits of the TTC and the UK transport over 1 ton.
3. The restriction is valid from 6:00 to 22:00.
4. To be able to move around Moscow, you need to get a pass.

What gives a pass:

1. The MKAD pass is a round-the-clock entry of a truck into the MKAD. With him there is no way to drive to the TTC. With this document, you can enter the TTK from 6:00 to 22:00.
2. Pass TTK - you can drive around the clock on the Moscow Ring Road and the Third Ring Road. The restriction applies only to travel along the Garden Ring. It will not be possible to move on it from 6:00 to 22:00. With this pass, the environmental class must be higher than the Euro2 standard.
3. Pass SK - allows freight transport to move throughout Moscow without restrictions. The ecological class, as in the previous case, must be more than Euro2.

To obtain a pass, you must provide copies of the following documents:

• passports;
• driver's license;
• vehicle registration certificate;
• vehicle passports;
• lease agreement, if the car is not in personal ownership.

The pass does not work all year round.

On Friday, Saturday and Sunday, as well as from May 1 to October 1, before holidays and weekends, trucks are prohibited from entering the city from 6:00 to 24:00.

The pass can be taken away if:

1. There are unpaid fines under any of the articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
2. An entry was made from an area where this pass is not valid.

Responsibility for overload

In Moscow, due to restrictions on entering the city for trucks, additional road signs have been introduced. They are not spelled out in the traffic rules, but their establishment is legal if the issue is agreed in advance with the department of the State traffic inspectorate.

If the driver violated the restrictions on the entry of trucks into Moscow, then he is entitled to a fine of 5 thousand rubles. This is regulated by article 12.16 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

The authorities monitor the weight of the truck and its load so carefully, because this affects the condition and durability of the road surface. An overloaded car turns and brakes harder, which also increases the risk of accidents on the roads.

Penalties differ depending on the dimensions of the vehicle and the weight of the overload:

1. If there was a deviation from the route sheet, then it is 2-2.5 thousand rubles.
2. Indication of false data on the weight of the transported cargo in the route sheet - a fine of 10-15 thousand rubles for the driver and 250-400 thousand rubles for the company.
3. If there is no permit for the transportation of bulky goods - a fine of 2-2.5 thousand rubles.
4. If the dimensions of the car are more than 10 centimeters more than the norm - a fine of 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
5. If the axle load exceeds 5% of the norm - 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
6. The fine for other violations varies from 1 to 15 thousand rubles.

Remember to follow the rules of the road, because if everyone pays attention to this, then the road surface will last as long as possible. And offenders will face heavy fines.

Today, a little theory about masses and axial loads.

Until recent events, everyone was familiar with the terms "5-ton", "10-ton" and other "tons" and they were used to indicate the carrying capacity of the car. "Petrovich, we need two 10 tons tomorrow!" - the customer said to the head of the transport department, and it was clear to everyone that for the transportation of a certain cargo, two vehicles with a carrying capacity of at least 10 tons were needed. With the advent of "Platon", the term "12-ton" appeared and it does not mean the carrying capacity at all, but the maximum permitted weight, in relation to the current situation, "12-ton" is any truck whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 12 tons.
The permitted maximum mass is set by the manufacturer and indicated in the PTS - this is the mass of the car + the maximum allowable mass of cargo (passengers). For example, let's say the weight of the vehicle without load is 9 tons, and the maximum permitted weight is 25 tons, which means that the weight of the transported cargo together with the driver, spare wheels, diesel fuel in the tank should not exceed (25-9) 16 tons, in the case of a road train, the parameters are added tractor and semitrailer/trailer. And once again I emphasize your attention, this is set by the manufacturers - in simple words, "We make such cars, you can carry so much cargo on them."
In laws and regulations governing the movement of vehicles and the carriage of goods or passengers on the roads, the term maximum permissible mass or simply maximum mass is used and means the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo. In simple words, "On this road you can drive a truck weighing no more than (some value) and what the manufacturers have determined there is not important to us, no more than what is written on the sign."
The maximum mass is determined by adding the axle loads of the vehicle. Axle load is the mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the road surface. For different roads, axle loads may be different, for different types of vehicles, axle loads may vary (the axle distances, the number of axles in the bogie, the slope and type of suspension affect). In simple words, "You have a 2-axle tractor weighing 8 tons and a 3-axle trailer weighing 7 tons, on this road the maximum allowable weight cannot exceed 38 tons, which means that with the correct location of the load in the trailer, you can transport 38-8-7=23 tons."
If, with the addition of axle loads, the maximum weight exceeds 44 tons, this transportation falls into the category of heavy and requires a special permit, approval of the route by the regulatory authorities and payment of a fee for increased damage to roads.
If the maximum mass of the vehicle is over 80 tons, then a special project must be developed, which may require, for example, the strengthening of bridges on the route.
The issue of masses and loads, of course, is much deeper and it is difficult to cover all aspects in one post, but to understand the main points, I think it will come in handy for you.

Tags: What, masses, allowed, transport, on, roads, rf

If the bus is more than 10 years old, if there is no tachograph or GLONASS system, then children cannot be transported on it ...

heavy transport on the roads of the Russian Federation ... heavy cargo - a vehicle, the mass of which is loaded or unloaded and (or) ... Applications for obtaining permits for the transportation of bulky or ...

To the Road Safety Department of the FDS of Russia (Sorokin S.F.) together with ... in the Russian Federation on public roads, ... on roads only with special permits, ... A trailer is a vehicle intended for transportation ...

about the killers of our roads - multi-ton dump trucks with an axle load exceeding the norm

These are heavy mining dump trucks HOWO, SHACMAN, MAN, SCANIA and others… Every day THEY drive past us, huge trucks loaded with asphalt, gravel and sand. Why do they drive around the country with a terrible overload, and no one seriously reacts? Those who need it know, but do you know that the weight of many reaches 50 tons or more? And this is on three axes! Along with cargo, of course.
This "Chinese" has 21 cubic meters of sand, which is 50 tons of total weight. The load on one axle reaches up to 20 tons (with the permitted 8 tons on federal roads, and 6 tons per axle on local, regional). True, a 10-ton KamAZ hardly fits into these standards, but it is all the more clearly clear how neglected everything is. Indeed, earlier (in the USSR) they knew how to calculate the correct loads, and for some reason did not make huge dump trucks for common roads (although there were technologies and opportunities!) And in Europe, the operation of such equipment is prohibited.
I saw the asphalt wave under the tires of huge Chinese (and not only) mining "scoops", I saw how in a matter of weeks a good section of the road was hopelessly destroyed, along which heavy dump trucks had recently begun to carry loads. I often saw how heavy dump trucks carried asphalt for paving. Dump trucks of 18 cubic meters loaded them to the maximum, with a serious “slide”, and if we consider that the weight of a cubic meter of asphalt concrete mixture can reach 2.5 tons, we get that the load of these trucks was in the region of 40-45 tons.
Plus, the weight of the machine itself is somewhere around 13-14 tons. We get that the total weight will be in the range of 50-55 tons. The maximum weight limit of a three-axle vehicle with a load must not exceed 24 tons.
The road surface in many places simply collapsed under monstrous overloads, deep potholes, extensive cracked sections almost along the entire length of the route of these, I will not be afraid of this comparison of "saboteurs". There were many areas where it became simply unsafe for life to drive, without any exaggeration. And how many punctured wheels and suspensions ... Taken off the road or into the oncoming lane due to the wavy profile of the asphalt.
[..]
There is serious responsibility for this serious nationwide violation of the law:
12.211 part 3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Transportation of heavy cargo exceeding the permitted maximum mass or axle load specified in the special permit by more than 5% (percent)
for a driver from 1,500 to 2,000 rubles, for officials from 10,000 to 15,000 rubles, for legal entities from 250,000 to 400,000 rubles.
[..]
I heard on the radio the other day that one overloaded dump truck causes damage to roads in the amount of 600,000 (six hundred thousand) rubles a month, this is really hundreds of billions of losses to the state per year from thousands of heavy dump trucks ...
from here
One often sees on the streets of Samara Chinese dump trucks with sand with MOSCOW license plates. That is, they were specially brought from Moscow to save on gasoline (and kill our roads).
But for some reason, no one thinks that this is harmful to our roads ..

Tags: samara, construction

Transportation of heavy cargo by road...

This is a load, the mass of which, taking into account the mass of the vehicle, exceeds ... All transportation on the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out under ... permits and monetary compensation for damage caused to roads, ...

Penalty for overloading the car along the axles in 2019

The mass of the load on the rear axle of the car, as a rule, is greater than on ... the operation of which is allowed on roads of category I-III, and to group "B" ... as well as the rules for their transportation were approved by the Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation ...

Transportation by road today is, perhaps, the most demanded in the segment of cargo transportation. Reasons: comparative accessibility and prevalence of road infrastructure compared to rail lines or air links. Long-distance road transport is carried out both within the same state and between neighboring countries that have common land borders. In order for a vehicle to be able to freely follow the highways of any state without violating traffic rules, the permissible cargo dimensions for road transport are agreed and established at the international level.

Uniform general norms of transportation

Unified weight and size norms are fixed in mutual agreements of international organizations, duplicated and specified by the legislation of individual countries. Such a complex regulation has its goals:

• creation of unified conditions for road transportation;
• ensuring road safety in all its sections;
• guaranteeing the safety of goods and the timeliness of delivery.

Maximum automotive standards in Europe

The maximum allowable dimensions and weight of cargo for through and closed road transport are regulated by both national legislation and international multilateral agreements - conventions and directives. The requirements for such parameters are set rigidly and unambiguously, since, as stated in EU Directive No. 96/53, “differences between the current standards regarding the weight and dimensions of commercial vehicles can have a negative effect on competition and act as an obstacle to transportation between Member States of the European Union".

Exact information on the maximum weight and dimensions of vehicles adopted in the countries of the European Community is given in the annexes to the directive:

Rationing of cargo vehicles in the Russian Federation

As for the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 257 “On Automobile Roads and Road Activities” is in force here, as well as Government Decree No. No. 272. Paragraph 2 of this by-law establishes that the carriage of goods by road in international traffic through the territory of Russia is carried out in accordance with international treaties and Russian laws. Of greatest interest are the 1st and 3rd annexes concerning the permitted mass and maximum dimensions of the cargo.

Thus, Annex 1 establishes the permissible masses depending on the type of vehicle, the combination of loading platforms and the number of axles. In the table below, the weight limits are given in tons:

Appendix 3 is dedicated to the size limits:

It follows that the heaviest and largest truck that is allowed to roll out onto domestic roads, in any case, should not weigh more than 44 tons and have a length of more than 20, and a height of more than 4 meters. Otherwise, there is an oversized cargo.

Features of transportation of oversized cargo

Oversized cargo is such cargo, the weight and size characteristics of which are beyond the permitted. Transportation of goods exceeding the established dimensions is, in principle, permissible, but must be carried out in compliance with a number of special conditions provided for in clause 23 of the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation. So, if the load protrudes from the back by more than 1 meter, and from the side by more than 40 cm, it is marked with identification signs "Oversized cargo", as well as lights and reflectors in white (front) and red (rear) colors.

The movement of oversized cargo protruding from the rear by more than 2 meters and exceeding 4 meters in height, as well as road trains, is carried out according to special rules established by government regulations and order of the Ministry of Transport of 2012 No. 258:

1. the route of movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized transporter is agreed in advance;
2. special permits for the transportation of oversized items on federal public highways are issued by an authorized body, namely the Federal Highway Agency;
3. movement along the route is carried out accompanied by patrol cars of the traffic police or military traffic police;
4. if, after passing the oversized gauge, the roadbed or other elements of the road infrastructure were damaged, the owner of the vehicle is obliged to compensate for the damage caused.

Exceeding the weight and dimensions when transporting goods while ignoring specially established rules is a violation of traffic rules and entails administrative liability.

Responsibility for violation of weight and size requirements

For violation of the requirements of traffic rules established by Russian law for the dimensions of the transported cargo, legal liability is provided, in particular, administrative. Violators are subject to administrative sanctions. Which? Fine or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for a certain period. For a detailed acquaintance with the size of administrative penalties for transported oversized cargo, see Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. It should be borne in mind that when an administrative case is initiated, an oversized transporter automatically enters the arrest site along with the goods being transported. And the delay causes additional expenses.

conclusions

From a comparative analysis of the requirements for the dimensions and weight of transported goods, it can be seen that, in general, for the European Community and the Russian Federation, these parameters coincide. The mass of a saddle or trailer road train with 6 or more axles cannot exceed 40 tons for Europe and 44 tons for Russia. The maximum height for all types of transport, both with us and with them, is 4 m. The maximum width is 2.55 meters, for refrigerators - 2.6. Truck standards are the same for most countries, which is quite reasonable given the purpose of such regulation.