Maximum cargo height for road transport. Permissible vehicle dimensions Maximum permitted vehicle width

Transportation of goods on the territory of the Russian Federation is regulated by Chapter No. 23 of the Rules of the Road. Transportation of oversized objects is additionally regulated by a number of federal laws and orders. Consider how oversized cargo should be transported, traffic rules and vehicle requirements.

Regulatory documents

As you can see, only a small proportion of the aspects of transporting oversized items are covered by the Rules of the Road. The basic regulation of the transportation of oversized cargo on the roads of the Russian Federation is carried out by Federal Law No. 257-FZ. In chapter 5 of article 31 you can find the following points:

• transportation of bulky and heavy cargo requires a special permit;
• the procedure for obtaining a special permit is established by the government of the Russian Federation;
• before transportation, it is necessary to coordinate the route with the owner of the roads;
• in case of damage, the amount of compensation is calculated by the owner of the road.

On the basis of the rights specified in the above-mentioned normative act, the "Rules for the carriage of goods by road" were drawn up. In this document you can find instructions regarding the organization of transportation, ensuring the safety of vehicles and containers, if necessary, the conditions of transportation and the provision of vehicles for transportation.

Related orders and rulings

To ensure that you avoid problems when applying for a special permit and directly when transporting oversized cargo, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the following orders:

• No. 107: is a regulation for state bodies on issuing permits;
• No. 258: regulates the rules for issuing permits;
• No. 7: establishes rules that ensure safety when transporting oversized items.

Resolutions:

• No. 125: the procedure for weight and size control;
• No. 934 + No. 12: the procedure for compensating for damage caused to the road;
• No. 125: rules for passing weight control;
• No. 211: establishes rules for the introduction of a ban on cargo transportation.

Fines and penalties

To get acquainted with the amount of penalties due for violations of the rules for the transportation of oversized cargo, read article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. There you will also find out exactly who should be punished for violations. For example, for lack of a special permit, a driver may receive a fine of 2,000 rubles, but, even worse, he may lose his driver's license for up to six months.

What cargo is considered oversized

The cargo is considered oversized if its weight and / or size exceeds the value established by the traffic rules of a particular country as permissible during transportation. According to the traffic rules of the Russian Federation, oversized cargo is considered that:

Traffic rules on transportation

Paragraph 23.5 of the SDA states that cars transporting such goods must be marked with the sign “Oversized cargo”. Additionally, at night (recall that this is the time from evening twilight to the beginning of twilight in the morning) and in conditions of poor visibility, a reflective element or a white light lamp must be installed in the bow of the car, and a reflective element or a light source of sufficient power in the aft part Red. This is quite enough for driving on public roads.

Special requirements

Transportation of explosive, chemical or other dangerous goods, long objects or heavy loads is regulated by special regulations established by the relevant government authorities. Special rules should be followed when driving a vehicle (with or without cargo) if:

heavyweights

Also, special permission from the traffic police is required when transporting heavy goods. What matters is the total weight of the car and the object being transported. Specific values ​​in different countries may differ, which must be taken into account when intending to cross the border. The definition of "heavyweight" in the Russian Federation includes:

Also, do not forget about the strict requirements for the distribution of the load along the axles. Not only the distance between closely spaced axles is important, but also the standard loads of highways. During the design, construction and reconstruction of the roadway, the allowable axial load is laid, for example, 6, 10 or 11.5 tons. That is why transportation can take place not along the shortest route, but with a choice of roads with a suitable load class.

Signs

The sign used to designate oversized cargo:

Sign "Road train-long"
Long vehicle.

When transporting dangerous goods, the vehicle must be marked with a sign:

Cover car

Previously, if the length of a vehicle loaded with oversized dimensions was more than 24 m, but less than 30 m, and the width was more than 3.5 m, but less than 4 m, then the appropriate conditions for transportation could be created by the transport company without the participation of representatives of the traffic police. But since 2014, when transporting heavy and oversized cargo, it is necessary to use a cover car to ensure safety. Requirements for accompanying car:

• the presence of a yellow-orange stripe;
• the presence of flashing beacons of yellow and orange;
• a reflective or light board must be installed, on which there will be an inscription warning about the features of the cargo (for example, “Large length”).

Travel abroad and interregional transportation

If you intend to cross the border, please note that a car without special international permission will be detained.

When passing the route through two or more territorial units of the upper level of the Russian Federation, an inter-regional permit should be obtained. As in the case of an international special permit, you can apply for it through the State Services website. You can fill out an application during a personal visit at the offices of the Road Administration of the Russian Federation or at subsidiaries.

How to get permission

Obtaining a permit for the transportation of oversized cargo is regulated by the so-called Order 258. It is in this document that you can find out:

• acceptance parameters and conditions for refusal to submit an application;
• a full description of the procedure for compiling and submitting an application;
• how the document should look and what information should be indicated in it;
• subtleties in coordinating the transportation of heavy objects;
• deadlines for obtaining permission;
• the procedure for issuing a special permit or obtaining a refusal.

Transportation ban

Consider the cases in which transportation of oversized cargo is prohibited:

• the load interferes with driving;
• with a load, the car becomes unstable. To prevent a truck from tipping over, it is imperative to take into account seasonal characteristics and the risk of exposure to heavy winds;
• due to the size of the object, the driver's view is limited, as a result of which he cannot adequately assess the traffic situation;
• the cargo covers lighting devices, reflectors, identification marks, state license plate;
• during transportation, environmental pollution occurs.

Transport rules

A car with oversized cargo moving on roads should not accelerate more than 60 km/h. At the same time, bridges should be overcome at a speed of no more than 15 km / h. Particular attention should be paid to the technical condition of the vehicle. The trailer must be equipped not only with a working parking brake, but also with a special device that guarantees the trailer to stop when the air lines of the pneumatic brake system coming from the tractor break. The load must be securely fastened, the integrity of the fastening must be checked periodically.

The overall dimensions of trucks are set in accordance with accepted international standards and regulations of individual countries. The regulation is designed primarily to ensure the safety of traffic, the safety of transported goods and environmental standards. The EU has a simplified system of national rules, the purpose of which is to create equal conditions and facilitate the process of transport between member states of the European Union. In the recent past, these rules were also necessary to prevent discrepancies in the size of transported goods, which, after motor transport, are transferred for transportation to the railroad.
Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 established standardized dimensions and maximum weights for cross-border goods transport. Their observance is obligatory at least in the territory of the European Union. Each Member State may, in its national legislation (for example, in Germany, these are the rules of the road), may slightly modify the established restrictions.

International Classification of Goods Vehicles (ATS)

		Gross weight (tons)	Notes
			Trucks, special vehicles
	Vehicles with an engine designed for the transport of goods	Over 3.5 to 12.0
	Vehicles with an engine designed for the transport of goods		Trucks, tractors, special vehicles
	PBX without a driver		Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without a driver	Over 0.75 to 3.5	Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without a driver	Over 3.5 to 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers
	PBX without a driver		Trailers and semi-trailers

Currently in Russia transportation of heavy and oversized cargo is regulated by:

• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272. Appendix 2 does not distinguish between single or dual wheels.
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 9, 2014 No. 12, come into force t Only from January 1, 2015 of the year.

18.75 m

24.0 tons

10.0 tons

11.5 tons

40.0 tons

Permissible truck sizes in Europe

dimensions (meter)

Width (standard truck)

Width (refrigerator)

Truck length

trailer length

Length of a saddle train

Road train length

Length of the three-axle bus

Articulated bus length

Maximum weight of trucks in Europe. Truck axle loads in Europe

maximum weight for axles (tons)

Non-driving axle

drive axle

double cart

triple cart

total weight of single truck (tons)

2 axle truck

Three axle truck

four-axle truck

total trailer weight (tons)

Double axle trailer

3 axle trailer

total weight of road train (tons)

Three-axle truck train

Four-axle truck train

Five-axle truck train

Six-axle truck train

Four-axle road train

Five-axle road train

Six-axle road train

Three-axle bus

Permissible mass of a road train in Russia. Maximum axle load in Russia.

Application №2
to the Rules for the carriage of goods by road (as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 12 dated January 9, 2014)

Permissible axle loads of vehicles

	Distance between closely spaced axes (meters)	Permissible axle loads of wheeled vehicles depending on the standard (calculated) axle load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axle
		for highways designed for an axle load of 6 tons / axle ( * )	for highways designed for an axle load of 10 tons/axle	for highways designed for an axle load of 11.5 tons/axle
Single axles
Tandem axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors with distance between axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 and more
Triple axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, tractors, truck tractors with distance between axles (bogie load, sum of axle masses)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	up to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)		21 (22,5 ** )
	from 1.8 and more
Contiguous axles of trucks, tractors, truck tractors, trailers and semi-trailers with more than three axles at a distance between axles (one axle load)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 and more
Contiguous axles of vehicles with eight or more wheels on each axle (load per axle)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 and more

(* ) In the event that the owner of the road establishes the appropriate road signs and posts information on the vehicle's axial load permissible for the road on its official website.
(** ) For vehicles with single wheels equipped with air suspension or equivalent.

Notes:

1. Values ​​in parentheses are for dual wheels, outside brackets are for single wheels.
2. Axles with single and double wheels, combined in a group of close axles, should be considered as close axles with single wheels, with the exception of a two-axle bogie with a dump axle.
3. For tandem and triple axles structurally integrated into a common bogie, the permissible axle load is determined by dividing the total bogie load by the corresponding number of axles.
4. The permissible axle load for a two-axle bogie with an axle to be discharged is assumed to be equal to the ratio of 60 percent of the allowable load on a two-axle bogie for the driving axle and 40% for the axle to be discharged.

European norms for the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines of trucks

Requirements of the UN General Assembly in terms of emissions of pollutants for heavy trucks equipped with a diesel engine, g / (kWh)
Each truck must be marked in accordance with its standard. Letters of the Latin alphabet are used for designation.

Standard (year)	Carbon monoxide - CO	Hydrocarbons - HC	Nitric oxide - N0x		Smoke
Euro 0 (1988)
Euro 1 (1992)
Euro 2 (1996)
Euro 3 (2000)
Euro 4 (2005)
Euro 5 (2008)
Euro 6 (2013)

A motor vehicle that meets the relevant requirements is identified by a letter placed on the cab or truck bumper:

• U - "Umwelt" ("Nature"), Euro-1 standard,
• E - "Green Lorry" ("Green Truck"). The concept of "Green Lorry" includes the following requirements: emission standards for pollutants EURO-2, noise standards - 78-80 dBA. On such a truck, a certificate of conformity is filled out and a plate U or E is installed
• S - "Supergreen" ("Very green"), Euro-2 standard
• G - Greener and Safe Lorry
• L - "Larmarm Kraftfahzeuge" (low noise tractor) in Austria since December 1, 1989, a truck moving at night (from 22:00 to 5:00) on the territory of Austria must comply with these noise standards.

Since 2001, another definition of a vehicle has been introduced - “EURO-3 safe”, it has been in force since 2002. Such a truck must comply with the EURO-3 standards in terms of emissions, and the usual 78-80 dBA in terms of noise. Then a green sign with a white border and a white number 3 is hung.
For cars that comply with "EURO-4" and "EURO-5" signs are green with a white border and the numbers 4 and 5.

All of the above signs must be confirmed by the manufacturer's certificate and be on board the vehicle.

Amendments to Federal Law No. 248-FZ dated July 13, 2015 regulating the movement of heavy and large vehicles.

In the Federal Law “On Highways and Road Activities in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, the concepts of “heavy cargo” and “oversized cargo” are replaced by the concepts of “heavy vehicle” and “oversized vehicle”, respectively.
The federal law introduces a ban on the movement on highways of heavy vehicles and large vehicles carrying goods that are not indivisible, with the exception of large vehicles carrying out movement on the basis of special permits, the dimensions of which are no more than 2 percent higher than the permissible ones.
The federal law improves the procedure for implementing procedures related to the issuance of a special permit for the movement on highways of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle, as well as a vehicle transporting dangerous goods.
The right to issue a special permit for the movement of a vehicle transporting dangerous goods on the roads is assigned to the Rostransnadzor of Russia.
It is established that the relevant authorized bodies may issue special permits for the movement of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles on the roads through their authorized subordinate organizations.
In addition, the Federal Law provides for the possibility of driving on heavy vehicles, the mass of which, with or without cargo and (or) the axle load of which is no more than 2 percent higher than the permissible mass of the vehicle and (or) the permissible axle load, without special permissions.
If the axle load of a heavy vehicle exceeds the permissible axle load of the vehicle by more than 2 percent, but not more than 10 percent, a special permit is issued under a simplified procedure.
The federal law also establishes that a special permit is issued within a period of not more than one day from the date of confirmation of the payment of a fee to compensate for harm caused by a heavy vehicle.
For violation of the established deadlines for coordinating the routes of a heavy vehicle and (or) large-sized vehicle or the period for issuing a special permit, or an unreasonable refusal to coordinate such routes, as well as for violating the rules for the movement of a heavy-weight and (or) large-sized vehicle, the Federal Law provides for administrative liability .

An excursion into the history of the formation of restrictions on the size of trucks

The main regulatory document regarding restrictions on the size of commercial vehicles in Europe is Council Directive 96/53/EC. Sweden and Finland were the first states of the Old World to change the permissible length and weight of road trains to 25.25 m and 60 tons. In these countries, the operation of two types of road trains is allowed: formed from a three-axle tractor and a 5-axle trailer, made on the basis of a serial 3-axle semi-trailer with a 2-axle bogie, and semi-trailer road trains (SPA), where a 2-axle trailer is attached to a serial semi-trailer trailer, usually with a central axle.
On domestic roads, road trains of new models appeared quite a long time ago. They ply between the cities of Sweden, Finland and St. cars. The situation is similar in the CIS countries. The useful volume of such road trains reaches 160 cubic meters.
The Scandinavian states did not immediately come to the length of road trains of 25.5 meters. At first they managed to allow trucks 24 meters long. There are currently no standards that determine the permissible mass norms for trucks and tractors in the post-Soviet space. The only suitable GOST was canceled more than 25 years ago. According to it, the total mass of a 5-axle saddle or single-trailer road train should not exceed 40 tons, length 20 meters, and with two trailers - 24 meters.
Experts consider the “Agreement on the mass and dimensions of vehicles engaged in interstate transportation on the roads of the CIS member countries”, which entered into force on June 4, 1999, to be contradictory and thoughtless. The maximum permissible mass of a road train under this "agreement" should be 44 tons. Even in North American countries, which have the world's toughest regulations for axle loads and masses of road trains, this figure is 48 tons. A similar situation is with a 6-axle saddle train, the mass of which should not exceed 38 tons. At the same time, in the European Union, in accordance with EU Directive No. 96/53, the permissible mass of a road train is 44 tons.
China has the most liberal attitude to the size of trucks. Any restrictions there exist only on paper. According to the documents, regulations similar to EU Directive No. 96/53 / EC are regulated, but there are “monsters” of huge sizes on the roads.
In North America, the length of a semi-trailer must not exceed 16.15 m, and the width - 2.6 m. In Europe, similar restrictions are stricter: length - 13.6 m, width - 2.6 m. Due to similar disagreements regarding allowed standards the process of transporting goods in containers becomes more complicated. So 45, 48 and 53 foot containers are not found in Europe at all, although they are widely used in the USA and Canada.

What is an Autotrain?

A road train is considered to be a car with an arbitrary number of trailers or a tractor car.
A feature of such a vehicle is the presence of a towing device. The use of road trains increases the use of the power potential of cars, reduces the cost of transportation, increases productivity, reduces the need for drivers, reduces fuel consumption per 1 ton of transported cargo by increasing the maximum allowable volume of cargo that can be transported at a time by one freight vehicle.

Classification of trucks by purpose

All trucks can be divided into the following popular categories by body type:

• Tents, semi-trailers - the most common type of truck. Used to transport any cargo. Loading of the body is carried out from any side, which greatly simplifies this process. The average lifting capacity varies from 20 to 25 tons;
• Refrigerators, semi-trailers are semi-trailers that are equipped with refrigeration units necessary for the transport of perishable products. Temperature in the refrigerator: from +25 to -25. The average carrying capacity of these types of trucks is 12-20 tons;
• Automatic coupler is a car and a trailer to it. They are very convenient in terms of loading / unloading. They can carry almost any cargo, except for long ones, as well as those requiring special conditions. Capacity: from 16 to 25 tons;
• jumbo These are high capacity trailers. The floor of the trailer is made in the form of the letter "G", and the diameter of the wheels is also reduced, due to which additional space is achieved. The average carrying capacity of such trailers is up to 20 tons;
• Container ship- a vehicle used to transport containers;
• tank truck- a vehicle used for the transportation of liquid and bulk cargo;
• car transporter- a vehicle used to transport cars;
• grain carrier- a vehicle used to transport grain;
• dump truck- a vehicle used for the transport of bulk cargo.

Terms used in transport documents

• "Freight car"- a vehicle equipped with a mechanical drive. Operated for the transportation of goods by road;
• "Vehicle"- a device on which cargo or passengers are installed for their transportation by road;
• "Road train"- a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and a trailer (trailer road train), a tractor and a semi-trailer (saddle road train);
• "Tractor"- a vehicle equipped with its own engine and designed exclusively or primarily for the towing of a trailer or semi-trailer;
• "combined vehicle"- a combination of a car and a trailer (semi-trailer);
• "Full trailer" drawbar trailer - a towed vehicle having at least two axles, of which at least one axle is steerable and, in addition:
  - equipped with a towing device (drawbar), which has the ability to move vertically with respect to the tractor;
  - not transferring any significant vertical load to the tractor (not more than 100 daN).
  When a semi-trailer is coupled to a semi-trailer base bogie, it is considered a full trailer;
• "Semitrailer"- a towed vehicle that is designed to be connected to a truck tractor (or semi-trailer base truck) and transmits a significant vertical load to the tractor hitch (or semi-trailer base truck);
• "Semi-trailer trolley"- A trailer with a central axle equipped with a fifth wheel coupling.
• "Maximum vehicle length"- the length of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Maximum Vehicle Width"- the width of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Maximum Vehicle Height"- the height of the vehicle, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Maximum Vehicle Weight"- the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Maximum axle weight"- mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the surface of the road, which does not exceed the established allowable values ​​(for each country);
• "Weight of the vehicle in running order"- the mass of the unladen vehicle with a body and a coupling device in the case of a tractor bus, or the mass of the chassis with a cab, if the manufacturer does not install a body, and / or a coupling device. This mass includes the masses of coolant, oils, at least 90% fuel, 100% other liquids (excluding used water), tools, driver (75 kg), and spare wheel.
• "Technically permissible maximum vehicle weight"- the maximum mass of the vehicle, due to its design and specified characteristics, established by the vehicle manufacturer.
• "Indivisible cargo"- cargo that cannot be divided during transportation due to the risk of damage or large expenditures of time and money;
• "Air Suspension"- a suspension system in which the shock-absorbing element is air, providing at least 75% of the shock-absorbing effect;

Freight forwarder or carrier? Three secrets and international cargo transportation

Forwarder or carrier: which one to choose? If the carrier is good and the forwarder is bad, then the first one. If the carrier is bad, and the forwarder is good, then the second one. Such a choice is simple. But how to decide when both applicants are good? How to choose from two seemingly equivalent options? The problem is that these options are not equal.

Scary stories of international transportation

BETWEEN THE HAMMER AND THE ANVIL.

It is not easy to live between a transportation customer and a very cunningly economical cargo owner. One day we received an order. Freight for three kopecks, additional conditions for two sheets, the collection is called .... Loading on Wednesday. The car is already in place on Tuesday, and by lunchtime the next day, the warehouse begins to slowly throw into the trailer everything that your forwarder has collected for his customers-recipients.

ENCHANTED PLACE - PTO KOZLOVICHI.

According to legends and experience, everyone who transported goods from Europe by road knows what a terrible place is the PTO Kozlovichi, Brest customs. What chaos the Belarusian customs officers are doing, they find fault in every possible way and tear at exorbitant prices. And it is true. But not all...

HOW UNDER THE NEW YEAR WE CARRIED DRY MILK.

Groupage loading at a consolidation warehouse in Germany. One of the cargoes is powdered milk from Italy, the delivery of which was ordered by the Forwarder .... A classic example of the work of the forwarder-"transmitter" (he does not delve into anything, he only passes along the chain).

Documents for international transport

International road transport of goods is very organized and bureaucratic, as a result - for the implementation of international road transport of goods, a lot of unified documents are used. It doesn’t matter if it’s a customs carrier or an ordinary one – he won’t go without documents. Although it is not very exciting, we have tried to simply state the purpose of these documents and the meaning that they have. They gave an example of filling in TIR, CMR, T1, EX1, Invoice, Packing List...

Calculation of axle load for trucking

Purpose - to study the possibility of redistributing loads on the axles of the tractor and semi-trailer when changing the location of the cargo in the semi-trailer. And the application of this knowledge in practice.

In the system we are considering, there are 3 objects: a tractor $(T)$, a semi-trailer $(\large ((p.p.)))$ and a cargo $(\large (gr))$. All variables related to each of these objects will be superscripted $T$, $(\large (p.p.))$ and $(\large (gr))$ respectively. For example, the unladen weight of a tractor would be denoted as $m^(T)$.

Why don't you eat mushrooms? Customs exhaled sadness.

What is happening in the international road transport market? The Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation has already banned the issuance of TIR Carnets without additional guarantees in several federal districts. And she notified that from December 1 of this year she would completely break the contract with the IRU as inappropriate for the requirements of the Customs Union and put forward non-childish financial claims.
IRU responded: “The explanations of the Russian Federal Customs Service regarding the alleged debt of ASMAP in the amount of 20 billion rubles are a complete fabrication, since all the old TIR claims have been fully settled ..... What do we, simple carriers, think?

Stowage Factor Weight and volume of cargo when calculating the cost of transportation

The calculation of the cost of transportation depends on the weight and volume of the cargo. For maritime transport, volume is most often decisive, for air transport it is weight. For road transport of goods, a complex indicator plays an important role. Which parameter for calculations will be chosen in a particular case depends on specific weight of cargo (Stowage Factor) .

Today, one of the most demanded segments of cargo transportation is automobile. There are many reasons for this - availability, low cost and high speed of delivery.

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It is also possible to transport oversized cargo with this type of transport - but you need to remember some restrictions both in width and height.

Who sets the allowable dimensions

Today, rather stringent restrictions are being established on the amount of goods transported through the territory of both the Russian Federation and other countries.

It should be remembered: for violations of the dimensional rules, quite a serious responsibility is due.

And not just a fine is imposed, but the vehicle is placed in a special penalty parking lot along with the cargo. Which consequently leads to a significant delay in time.

Today, the maximum allowable cargo dimensions are set:

• special bodies within the country;
• various international standards.

The Russian Federation, along with many different other states, is a member of various trade associations.

Today in the Russian Federation, the State Duma and the Council of Federations are engaged in the formation of laws regulating the type of moment in question. It is these legislatures that develop federal laws.

The fundamental legal document on the basis of which various kinds of standards are established is

It is in accordance with this legislative act, the standards established by it, that it is necessary to place oversized cargo on the platform. There are a fairly large number of features associated with the measurement of the overall dimensions of the cargo.

Abroad, specialized state bodies are engaged in establishing the maximum allowable overall dimensions. This applies today to almost all countries without exception.

Including Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan. At the same time, the EU has a single body that forms specialized legislative norms, the effect of which extends to the territory of all countries included in it.

Therefore, if there is a need to transport oversized cargo through the territory of other countries, it is necessary to take into account the legislation in force in their territory.

Otherwise, there will be serious delays and other problems when traveling through these countries. There are a large number of different nuances, features.

Restrictions

A very large number of various transport companies operate on the territory of the Russian Federation and other countries. All of them offer an extensive list of various services for the transport of goods.

And it is on the shoulders of their logisticians that the problem of laying the route for moving a particular cargo falls. At the same time, the transportation customer himself should still familiarize himself with the standards, permissible overall dimensions of the transported goods.

At the moment, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the permissible overall dimensions in the following countries:

• Russian Federation;
• Belarus;
• Kazakhstan;
• Ukraine;

Most often, it is through the territory of these countries that various types of goods are transported, which for some reason do not fit into the dimensions established by law.

In Russia

At the moment, the following permissible overall dimensions of cargo transported on public roads are established in the territory of the Russian Federation:

It is important to consider: it is allowed to exceed the height established by law by a value of 4 meters. But at the same time, certain rules must be observed without fail.

Mandatory measures include:

• application of special color graphic designations directly on the car body, cargo boundaries;
• the use of special escort vehicles (the number depends on several individual parameters).

In Belarus

In accordance with the agreement of the CIS countries, in Belarus there are standards regarding the height of the cargo and its other overall dimensions similar to those in Russia.

The following standards are currently in place:

• maximum length:
  
• maximum width:
  
• the maximum allowable height is no more than 4 m.

It is also possible to transport all kinds of oversized cargo. But again - you should remember the need to comply with certain rules, standards.

It will be necessary to apply special designations to the cargo, vehicle. You will need an escort vehicle.

In Kazakhstan

For the transportation of goods through the territory of Kazakhstan, it is required to comply with the same overall standards that are used directly on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The maximum allowable height of the load is 4 meters, together with the height of the platform on which it is located.

The situation is similar with other overall parameters of the transported cargo (width, length). Similar standards apply for the mass of vehicles.

In Ukraine

When transporting goods through the territory of the country of Ukraine, it will be necessary to comply with the following standards regarding overall dimensions:

Separate standards exist for the transport of heavy goods. The situation is similar with oversized cargo transportation.

If possible, it will be necessary to familiarize yourself with all of them in advance. In this way, a large number of various troubles can be avoided.

EU

On the territory of the EU, the standards for the dimensions of goods transported differ from those adopted on the territory of the Russian Federation, but not significantly.

It must be remembered that in all EU countries there are uniform standards regarding this moment. But within some individual subjects, their violation is possible to a greater extent.

If necessary, through the EU, it will be necessary to familiarize yourself with all standards.

They look like this:

Size/Country name	Height, m	Width, m	Length, m
A	4	2.55	12
B	4	2.5	12
bg	4	2.5	12
Ch	4	2.5	12
D	4	2.55	12
Dk	4	2.55	12
E	4	2.55	12
Eg	4	2.5	12
F	4	2.55	12

The cost depends primarily on the weight of the cargo and its dimensions. If the dimensions fit within the limits established by law, then usually the cost is relatively small.

If the cargo is oversized, then in some cases the cost of its transportation (especially within the EU countries) increases significantly.

What is fraught with violations of the height of the cargo during road transport

The issue of fines for the transportation of goods in violation of the established overall dimensions is reflected in the maximum detail in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. There is a separate article for each individual violation.

Today, the most significant, which you need to familiarize yourself with in advance, are the following:

• part 1 - carrying out transportation of bulky cargo without an appropriate permit, license:
  
• transportation of goods exceeding the dimensions by more than 10 cm is carried out:
  
• provides for violations not covered in parts 1 and 2 of this article, involves a fine:
  

If there is a repeated violation of existing standards and regulations, then much more serious penalties may be imposed. Up to a ban on conducting a certain type of activity.

How to transport exceeding the maximum height

To carry out the transportation of cargo exceeding the maximum height, it will be necessary to comply with certain rules established by law.

The most significant include the following:

• it is necessary to have a special permit to carry out transportation of this kind;
• a special route must be developed and approved by a special department - the driver is forbidden to deviate from it;
• it is obligatory to have special signs on the borders of the cargo that protrude beyond certain dimensions;
• 1 or more escort vehicles are required.

Also, the cargo itself, the order of its placement on the platform must meet certain specific requirements:

• do not close the view of the road to the driver;
• not create any other interference when driving;
• not create obstacles for other road users;
• do not pollute the environment (noise, dust, etc. are not allowed).

OVERALL AND WEIGHT LIMITS,
APPLICABLE FOR VEHICLES
1. Requirements for vehicle dimensions
1.1. The maximum length must not exceed:
single vehicle of categories M1, N and O (trailer) - 12 m;
a single two-axle vehicle of categories M2 and M3 - 13.5 m;
a single vehicle of categories M2 and M3 with more than two axles - 15 m;
road trains consisting of a tractor and a trailer (semi-trailer) - 20 m;
articulated vehicle categories M2 and M3 - 18.75 m.
The length measurement does not take into account the following devices mounted on the transport
medium:
devices for cleaning and washing the windshield;
plates of front and rear registration plates and structural elements for installation
state registration plates;





devices for air intake into the intake system of an internal combustion engine;
locking devices for dismantled bodies;
footrests and handrails;
elastic buffer devices or similar equipment;
lifting platforms, ramps and similar equipment in driving position, not
increasing the overall dimensions by more than 300 mm, provided that the load capacity
the vehicle is not increased;
coupling and towing devices of vehicles;
exhaust system pipes;
removable spoilers;
pantographs of vehicles with power supply from the contact network;
outdoor sun visors.
1.2. The maximum width of a vehicle of categories M, N, O must not exceed 2.55
m. For insulated vehicle bodies, a maximum width of 2.6 m is allowed.
The width measurement does not take into account the following devices mounted on the transport
medium:
customs sealing and elements of its protection;
awning fastening devices and elements of their protection;







exterior mirrors and other indirect visibility devices;
auxiliary means of observation;
retractable footrests;
lighting and light signaling devices;

surface.


medium:
antennas;


devices.

categories M3, N3 and O

given in table 1.
Table 1

number of axles
Permissible maximum
mass, t
Singles:
Categories M3, N3:
2 18

category M3)
25
3 (articulated buses category M3) 28
4 (with two steering axles) 32
Road trains:
3 28
4 36
5 or more 40

exceed the permitted values ​​given in table 2.
table 2
awning fastening devices and elements of their protection;
tire pressure monitoring devices;
protruding flexible parts of the splash protection system from under the wheels;
for vehicles of category M3 entrance ramps in driving position, lifting
platforms and similar equipment in driving position provided that these devices are not
protrude more than 10 mm beyond the side surface of the vehicle and the corner edges of the ramps,
directed forward and backward, have radii of curvature of at least 5 mm; curvature radii
the remaining edges must be at least 2.5 mm;
exterior mirrors and other indirect visibility devices;
auxiliary means of observation;
retractable footrests;
lighting and light signaling devices;
the deforming part of the tire sidewalls directly above the point of contact with
surface.
1.3. The maximum height of a vehicle of categories M, N, O must not exceed 4 m.
The height measurement does not take into account the following devices mounted on the vehicle
medium:
antennas;
pantographs or pantographs in the raised position.
For vehicles with a lifting axle, the effect of this
devices.
2. Requirements for the weight parameters of vehicles
categories M3, N3 and O
2.1. The maximum mass of vehicles must not exceed the permitted values,
given in table 1.

Table 1

Vehicle category, general number of axles	Permissible maximum mass, t
Singles: Categories M3, N3:
2	18
3 (excluding articulated buses category M3)	25
3 (articulated buses category M3)	28
4 (with two steered axles)	32
Road trains:
3	28
4	36
5 or more	40

2.2. The maximum mass per axle (axle group) of vehicles must not
exceed the permitted values ​​given in table 2.

table 2

Note: The values ​​in brackets are the maximum allowed for
movement without a special permit on roads, design,
construction and reconstruction of which were carried out under the standard axial load
vehicle 10 kN.
2.3. Vertical static load on the vehicle traction device from the coupling eye
single-axle trailer (dissolution trailer) in running order should not be more than 490 N. When
vertical static load from the trailer hitch more than 490 N front support leg
must be equipped with a lifting-lowering mechanism that ensures the installation of the coupling eye in
the position of the coupling (uncoupling) of the trailer with the tractor.
3. Procedure for issuing a vehicle type approval
or certificates of safety of the design of the transport
means in case of inconsistency of the measured parameters
requirements of this annex
3.1. If the overall dimensions of the vehicle exceed the values ​​specified in paragraph 1
of this annex, then in the vehicle type approval or certificate of
the safety of the vehicle structure, a record is made on the need to issue
a special permit for the movement of such a vehicle through the territory of states -
members of the Customs Union.
3.2. If the technically permissible maximum mass of the vehicle, or technically
permissible maximum mass of the road train, or technically permissible maximum mass,
per axle (group of axles) exceeds the values ​​specified in paragraphs 2.1 and 2.2 of this
application, then in the vehicle type approval or safety certificate
design of the vehicle, a record is made about the need to issue a special
permits for the movement of such a vehicle through the territory of the Member States
of the Customs Union, in the event that the vehicle actually exceeds the established
by this technical regulation of weight restrictions

When transporting various types of cargo on vehicles, one should be guided by the rules for the transportation of bulky goods that are in force in the Russian Federation and abroad. The safety of the carrier and other road users depends on this. For unhindered passage through the territory of the Russian Federation, the permissible dimensions of cargo for road transport are established.

The requirements for transportation are established by the SDA

Transportation must be carried out by special transport. This requires the following conditions to be met:

• the weight of the transported cargo cannot exceed the maximum allowable values ​​established by the vehicle manufacturer;
• it is forbidden to operate a vehicle that has partial or complete obstruction of headlights and registration plates;
• The goods must not obstruct the view and control of the vehicle.

Dimensions that have overall transportation objects

Dimensions of the transported cargo (maximum allowable):

• width- 2.65 m;
• length- 22 m;
• height- 4 m;
• vehicle weight- 38-40 tons.

Characteristics of oversized cargo

The dimensions and weight of many types of goods are beyond the maximum allowable. Their transportation is allowed, but regulated by traffic rules.

Proper transportation of oversized cargo

Depending on how the characteristics of the transported items differ from the permissible ones, the conditions for the admission of vehicles to the roads differ. In the case of a protrusion of the luggage being transported from behind the vehicle at a distance of up to one meter, and across the width of the car - by 0.4 m, the “Oversized cargo” sign should be hung out, white lights and reflectors should be installed in front and red ones in the back.

If the transported items protrude beyond the back of the truck by more than 2 m, and the height of the object exceeds 4 m, special rules established by the Government and the Ministry of Transport apply.

List of rules for the transportation of bulky items

What the rules for the carriage of goods for oversized cargo prescribe:

• preliminary coordination of the route;
• obtaining a special permit for transportation;
• use of escort vehicles;
• in case of damage to elements of the transport infrastructure, the carrier should be compensated for the damage.

To transport the transportation of bulky goods, the “Oversized Cargo” sign must be fixed at the protruding point. It is made from reflective materials. The sign is a square with sides measuring 40 cm, on which there are inclined stripes of red and white colors (their width is 5 cm). It can be made independently or purchased ready-made.

In addition, it may be necessary to fix the white and red marker lights.

When preparing goods and choosing a vehicle, you should be guided by the following documents:

• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 272.
• Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 258.
• Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 7.
• traffic rules.

What should be provided:

In accordance with regulatory enactments, attention should be paid not only to the direct transportation of goods, but also to its installation and fastening. Maintaining the stability of the car during movement is ensured, among other things, by the location of heavier luggage at the bottom, compliance with its uniformity and quality of fastening. Gaps between individual products are not allowed, you need to shift them with special gaskets.

If single places are installed, when stacking them, the same number of tiers and secure fastening of the top one should be ensured.

In the event of increased danger during the transportation of bulky goods, it is necessary to involve escort vehicles, which can be tractors or traffic police vehicles.

When obtaining permission to transport bulky goods, full compliance with the rules should be ensured, which exclude:

• deviation from the permitted route;
• exceeding the established speed limit;
• driving in poor visibility, ice, snowfall;
• movement on the sides of the carriageway;
• stopping outside special parking lots;
• transportation in case of displacement of goods, loosening of fasteners, as well as in the event of a malfunction of the vehicle.

If circumstances arise that necessitate a change in the transport route, the carrier must obtain a new travel permit.

The procedure for obtaining a permit for a vehicle

To obtain a transportation permit, you should contact the appropriate organization, depending on the subordination of the road along which the transportation will be carried out.

Permits are issued by the following authorized bodies:

• Rosavtodor, in case of movement on federal roads or routes on which international traffic is carried out.
• The executive body of the subject of the Russian Federation when driving on intermunicipal or regional roads.
• Self-governing body of the municipality if it is planned to move the vehicle along the local highway within the boundaries of the 1st district.
• Self-government body of the settlement, in the case of passing a local road within the boundaries of one settlement.
• City government when the route is laid along a city road of local importance.

To consider the application, you must provide documents for the car, a detailed description of what the car carries, and a scheme of the proposed movement.

In what cases can transportation be prohibited?

It may be prohibited to move a vehicle with a load that can be divided without loss of operational properties. If there is no technical possibility of transportation on a specific route, a refusal may also follow.

Violation of the rules for the carriage of goods is fraught with the application of administrative sanctions. Transport together with the cargo is transported to the penalty area. Drivers transporting goods that are subject to a permit with violations of the rules face a fine of up to 10 thousand rubles and deprivation of a driver's license for up to 4 months, fines of up to 500 thousand rubles may be imposed on legal entities.