At 47% Russian families have a car. According to a VTsIOM survey, this figure has grown by 10% over eight years. In 2006, only 37% of respondents had a car in their family.
According to the Automakers Committee of the Association of European Businesses (AEB), almost three million new cars were sold in Russia in 2013. In 2014, sales decreased by 8%, but there is still demand.
Plans to purchase a four-wheeled iron horse» students (23%) and housewives (25%) build more often than others. It is not surprising that every second new car in Russia is purchased on credit.
The popularity of car loans is explained by the fact that it is difficult to save up and buy a car for cash. But there is another financial instrument that makes the dream of a car come true. This is leasing.
Car leasing is a popular way of purchasing a car in the USA and Europe. There, up to 30% of cars bought by private individuals are leased. In Russia, this figure is negligible. Why?
Let's analyze the mechanisms of car loans and car leasing, weigh their pros and cons and try to understand what is still more profitable.
car loan
A car loan is an interest-bearing loan issued by a bank or other credit institution to an individual for the purchase of a car.
This is a popular type of consumer lending. Peculiarities:
- This is a targeted loan: money can only be spent on buying a car.
- This is a secured loan: the car remains pledged to the bank until the loan is repaid.
Legal regulation of car loans is carried out Civil Code(Chapter 42), the Law "On Banks and Banking Activities" (dated December 2, 1990), the Law "On Consumer Credit (Loan)" (dated December 21, 2013) and other regulatory acts.
Types of car loans
There are various loan programs for buying a car:
- "Classic" (More details below);
- Express loan: simplified procedure, but high interest rates;
- Loan with buyback (BuyBack): part of the loan is “frozen” and paid at the end of the term of the contract either by the borrower or by the car dealer, provided that the proceeds are credited for the purchase of a new car;
- Trade-in: exchange of an old car for a new one with a surcharge. The cost of a used car is offset by the cost of a new one;
- Factoring (interest-free loan): 50% of the cost of the car is paid, the rest is paid in installments;
- Loan with no down payment: when lending from a car dealer, the absence of a down payment can be a bonus.
In addition, we can talk about loans for used cars and loans without insurance as separate areas.
Car loan mechanism
Most often they resort to classic car loans. Let's take a look at his diagram.
You want to buy a car. There is no money for a new "iron friend". You go to a bank or a mortgage broker.
A loan broker is a commercial organization that acts as an intermediary between a borrower and a lender (a bank or a car dealer). Assists in the approval and processing of a car loan.
Car dealers can also act as lenders. They provide loans from their own funds or cooperate with banks.
You choose a bank (or a car dealer), study the terms of credit. Having decided, fill out the questionnaire and collect documents. The bank needs to make sure that you can repay the loan (solvency) and that you have no other debts (credit history). For several days, the bank thinks whether to issue a loan or not.
If the decision is positive, the bank and the borrower (now you) enter into an agreement. It specifies the term, interest, down payment, rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties.
All the hassle of car registration falls on your shoulders. Also, most often the loan agreement provides for insurance at the expense of the borrower. And not only OSAGO, but also CASCO.
You are a happy car enthusiast! The main thing is to carefully repay the debt and do not forget that although you are the owner, the car is pledged to the bank. You not entitled to sell, give away or exchange. And if hard times come and there is nothing to pay on the loan, the bank (car dealer) will take your "swallow".
Pros and cons of a car loan
A car loan, as a financial instrument, has its advantages and disadvantages.
- You can have a car without capital. Only a few can buy a car for cash, but saving for a long time and not always works.
- Big choice. You can buy what you like, not what you have enough money for.
- A variety of lending programs: you can choose the most profitable for yourself (with minimum term or, for example, without a long registration).
- Complicated procedure. Strict requirements for the borrower.
- Increase in the cost of a car. You will have to pay interest + compulsory insurance.
- Car deposit.
Car leasing
The word leasing comes from the English lease - "rent". But in Russian law Leasing is not the same as renting. We have it view lease relations. In them, one party (the lessor) invests money in the purchase of property, and the other (the lessee) accepts this financial service and uses the purchased property.
Leasing legal relations are regulated by the Civil Code (Chapter 34), as well as by the Federal Law “On Financial Lease (Leasing)” dated October 29, 1998.
The subject of leasing can be any non-consumable things (except land), including vehicles.
Autoleasing mechanism
Car leasing is the purchase and transfer of cars for temporary possession and use for a fee on the basis of an agreement between the lessor and the lessee.
The general scheme is as follows.
you want a car. There is no money to buy. You are applying to leasing company. You tell them what kind of car you would like to have and show some papers.
Unlike a loan, the package of documents is minimal. As a rule, this application, passport and driver's license. From a procedural point of view, leasing is much simpler than lending.
An agreement is concluded between you and the leasing company. From now on, you are the lessee.
Currently, the lessee can be both legal entities and individuals - NOT entrepreneurs.
Until 2010, the Law "On Leasing" contained a clause according to which the leased asset could only be used for commercial purposes. In leasing, they took mainly buses, trucks and agricultural machinery. Financial lease passenger transport practically non-existent.
But now there are leasing programs for citizens, according to which they can get any car for use. Currently in Russia leasing for individuals only three companies are involved.
After the conclusion of the contract, the lessor buys a “dream car” for you and transfers it to you for use.
Keyword - use. The owner of the car is the lessor. In this regard, it is he who is engaged in registering the car, passing technical inspections and other chores.
It should be noted that all additional expenses incurred by the lessor (insurance, taxes, etc.) are ultimately paid by the lessee, as they are included in the lease payments.
Leasing payments are usually less than loan payments. The fact is that they are calculated minus the so-called residual value.
Residual value is the redemption payment for the car, which the lessee must pay at the end of the lease term in order to get the car into ownership.
Also, the amount of payments is affected by the presence / absence of an advance payment and its size. In other words, the more you pay at the beginning and at the end, the less you have to pay monthly.
During the leasing period (from one to five years) you are a happy car enthusiast. The main thing is not to forget to make monthly lease payments and remember that at the end of the contract you will either have to buy the car or return it.
Types of car leasing
There are two auto leasing schemes:
Pros and cons of car leasing
Car leasing saves you a lot of hassle. For example, you do not need to waste time searching for a seller and car registration. And this is not the only advantage.
- More flexible payment schedule. As a rule, they are lower than loan installments.
- Simplified procedure for collecting documents and concluding an agreement.
- The ability to update the car every few years.
- The car is owned by a leasing company. At the slightest problem with payments, as well as financial difficulties the lessor himself, it can be withdrawn.
- The vehicle user cannot sublease it.
- Individuals do not have tax preferences for car leasing.
Automotive arithmetic
Knowing the mechanisms of car loans and car leasing, the main question still remains: “Which is more profitable?”.
To answer it, we asked Leasing Trade to compare the costs of leasing for individuals and a car loan under equal conditions. Here's what happened.
"Property was chosen - Toyota car Corolla 2014 release, cost 690,000 rubles (sedan; engine power - 1.6; 122 hp).
We took standard car loan calculations: the loan amount is 690,000 rubles, an advance payment of 20% or 193,800 rubles, a period of 36 months. We took the calculation of a car loan from one well-known bank (let's call it X) as a basis. The interest rate on its lending program with a standard set of documents is 15% per annum. The calculation was made without taking into account financial protection programs, OSAGO, CASCO and additional expenses.
The calculation of leasing for individuals is based on the offer of one of the leasing companies (let's call it Y). The monthly payment did not include OSAGO, CASCO, as well as mandatory and related payments ( transport tax, vehicle registration with the traffic police, annual maintenance, etc.).
Car maintenance costs will be approximately equal in both cases, are mandatory and calculated separately.
CASCO and OSAGO insurance was made based on the following parameters:
- OSAGO: 5,500 rubles; region - Kazan; driver's age - over 22 years; driving experience - more than 3 years; car power - 122 hp One driver is allowed to drive.
- CASCO: 86,000 rubles; place of registration of the vehicle - Kazan; information about an individual: male, 30 years old, marital status - married, one child; driving experience - more than 6 years, accident-free driving. One driver is allowed to drive.
| car loan | Car leasing | |
| car cost | RUB 690,000 | RUB 690,000 |
| Interest rate | 15% | |
| Term (in months) | 36 | 36 |
| Initial payment 20% | RUB 138,000 | RUB 138,000 |
| Payment type | uniform | uniform |
| Monthly payment | RUB 19,135 | RUB 11,790 |
| Interest overpayment | 135 000 rub. | no, as the car is being returned |
| The total amount of payments = the amount of payments under the agreement (credit / leasing) + advance payment | 688,860 + 138,000 = 826,000 rubles | 424,440 + 138,000 = 562,440 rubles |
| Security deposit | 0 | 0 |
| CASCO insurance | RUB 86,000 | RUB 86,000 |
| OSAGO | 5 500 rub. | 5 500 rub. |
| Registration of the vehicle in the traffic police | 2 000 rub. | 2 000 rub. |
| Transport tax | 4 270 rub. | 4 270 rub. |
| Minimum income to buy | 31 900 rub. | 31 900 rub. |
| Market value of the car at the end of payments | RUB 539,000 | 0 |
| Advance redemption payment | absent | RUB 441,000 |
| The cost of buying a car | RUB 826,000 | 562,440 + 441,000 = 1,033,440 rubles |
»
Thus, if we consider the option in which leasing does not provide for the transfer of the car into the ownership of the client, then the monthly payment under the leasing agreement will be lower by 7,345 rubles (that is, by 38%). Property insurance costs will be equal in both cases and are mandatory.
But if we take a situation in which a car is purchased for the purpose of long-term (up to 5 years) operation, and in the case of leasing an individual and then repurchasing ownership, then, undoubtedly, a car loan will be a more cost-effective and cheaper way to get a car. Since the acquisition costs (excluding insurance and mandatory expenses) will amount to 826,000 rubles for a car loan against 1,033,440 rubles for car leasing.
At the same time, our expert draws attention to the fact that:
- by mass and popular brands(Kia, Opel, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Chevrolet) and premium (BMW, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and others) discount of leasing companies can be on average 10%, which allows you to make calculations much lower (often twice) than on a car loan.
- for premium customers with a high income level, leasing will be a profitable and comfortable service, since it is possible to include insurance, tax payment, car maintenance and repair in the payment.
What to choose?
After the amendments to the Law "On Leasing", many experts predicted a boom in leasing transactions with individuals. After all, it would seem that the benefits are obvious. No guarantors are needed, fewer nerves during registration, and most importantly, lease payments are not so burdensome for the family budget. But the boom didn't happen.
Comparative table of car leasing and car loans:
| car loan | Leasing for individuals | |
| Property | New and used cars | Exclusively new cars of foreign production, except for Chinese cars |
| Financing term | 12-60 months | 12-36 months |
| Prepaid expense | Banks rarely issue car loans without a down payment. Minimum advance from 15% | Advance payment from 0%, but leads to an increase in the cost of monthly payments. Minimum advance payment from 20% to 49% |
| Package of documents | Standard: passport, income statement 2-NDFL, a copy of the work book. The reduced package is more expensive at rates | Standard: passport, driver's license (sometimes also income statement 2-NDFL) |
| Car insurance | Mandatory annual insurance OSAGO, CASCO. Optional: voluntary life and health insurance, financial protection programs. It is possible to include CASCO in payments | Annual OSAGO insurance is obligatory. It is not necessary to insure CASCO, but this leads to an increase in the cost of the monthly payment |
| Ownership | The car is the property of the client, but is pledged to the bank | The car is the property of the leasing company, and the client is transferred for temporary use under the contract |
| Processing speed | You can buy a car on credit in a short time with a minimum package of documents under the Autoexpress programs. As a rule, interest rates rise by 2% | You can buy a car in a short time in leasing with a minimum package of documents |
| Mileage limit | Is not limited | Mileage limit up to 25,000 km per year |
| Other restrictions | – | Departure of the car abroad only with the official permission of the leasing company |
| Additional services and service | – | The leasing agreement may include full insurance, annual technical inspections, seasonal tire service and storage of tires, accounting features, payment of transport tax, etc. All this adds up to higher monthly payments. |
| Early partial or full repayment | In loyal banks, there is usually no limit on the amount and terms | Strictly not earlier than 6 months |
| Redemption value | Absent | Adjusted based on the condition of the car, can be calculated in advance at the stage of concluding a contract |
| Seizure of property | Through the court in case of delay under the contract | According to the agreement, the owner of the property is the leasing company, in case of non-fulfillment of obligations under the agreement, the seizure is made without a court decision |
»
According to experts, main reason lack of demand for leasing for individuals in Russia - in the tax system.
In the USA, where car leasing is very popular, there is a so-called “ financial statements households." That is, the budget of an individual is treated in the same way as the budget of an enterprise. In this regard, by leasing a car, a citizen receives the same tax benefits as a businessman. In Russia, VAT can only be returned legal entities. For them, leasing is really beneficial, as it allows you to minimize taxes. For individuals, VAT is included by the leasing company in monthly payments.
In addition, there is a significant difference in the psychology of domestic and Western motorists. “The car is not mine - they’ll just take something away, and my money was crying.” Such reasoning stops many who are looking at car leasing. Indeed, a leasing company does not even need to go to court to claim a car in case of problems. When paying off a loan, a person perceives it as a contribution to his property.
Thus, when choosing between a car loan and car leasing, it is important to understand your needs well. If you need a high-status car and you want to update your car regularly, then most likely a financial lease without a buyout will suit you. If you want a reliable “iron friend” for many years, then a loan will be more profitable.
Tell your friends about this article and express your opinion in the comments. What do you think is more profitable: car loan or car leasing?
There are two most famous ways to get a car - rent and purchase. Now there is a combined method that combines everything - leasing. This concept is beginning to successfully settle in the financial sector and has a number of its own differences. Car leasing for individuals is successfully developing in Russia and European countries.
What is car leasing?
Leasing is the long-term ownership of a car with the right to purchase it upon completion of the transaction. Leasing is identical to renting only in that the vehicle remains the property of others until the end of the date. It cannot be donated, sold, given to a stranger. The difference from is the difference in the transfer of ownership of the machine. In leasing, a person becomes the owner when the transaction expires.
Currently, leasing is much easier in many cases than buying on credit. In Russia, it is not as well developed as in Europe, but gradually the situation is changing. Everything appears more companies that provide such services.
There are two types of leasing Vehicle:
- With guaranteed transfer of the car to the property.
- No transfer of ownership.
The first method involves the purchase of a car by a person after the expiration of the contract. Despite approximately the same cost for leasing and credit, the monthly payment is slightly less. The second method says that the user of the car returns it to the leasing company at the end of the contract.
In order to take a lease, you must be an adult and able-bodied citizen of the Russian Federation. For individuals, it is required to provide a certificate of 2NDFL.
It is important to choose the right company for leasing, pay attention to reviews about the company, financial condition, term of operation, reputation, coverage in Russia. Of course, the firm is more reliable, the better for the client. If you have any doubts about this issue, it is better to consult a specialist.
Insurance is prerequisite when leasing. Some people doubt this procedure, but it is inevitable. OSAGO insurance is necessary for full term contracts. Experts recommend doing it every year to get a discount. There is a chance to issue CASCO, but this is only at the request of the client. You can save some money by skipping additional services with insurance.
Leasing conditions for individuals
As a rule, individuals are subject to softer requirements than when lending.
Leasing payments are less than credit due to the fact that they are calculated on the balance of the amount that must be repaid at the end of the contract. There is also such a thing as an advance payment. It is paid at the beginning and end of the transaction. As a rule, these are the largest amounts. The lease duration is from 12 to 60 months.
Know all the positive and negative sides when leasing, because it is they who will finally help to decide for themselves the expediency of the process. The advantages of leasing are:
- convenient payment schedule;
- simplified contract;
- quickly receives a decision on the leasing application;
- can be applied without guarantors;
- payments are less than credit.
If you look at the whole, then leasing is a profitable thing that will save time and nerves during registration.
Cons of leasing:
- the owner will be a leasing company;
- if there are any difficulties with payments, the car can be seized;
- lack of incentives for leasing;
- you can not transfer or resell the car.
Car leasing without down payment
You should immediately know that the absence of a down payment will entail a high burden on the client when making payments. For such a procedure, you need to know about the conditions:
- the financial condition of the client must be prosperous;
- good payback of the purchased car;
- clean or good credit history;
- guarantors or collateral.
If the client satisfies all these conditions, then he is guaranteed to be given a car on lease without a down payment.
Used car leasing
Many people wonder - is it possible to buy a used car on lease? Yes, this is possible these days. Companies are engaged in sales of used cars on lease. The procedure is not much different from buying a new vehicle. Here, the client is happy to offer only those cars that are tested and have an age of no more than 10 years at the time of the end of the contract.
If the company leased a used car, then it independently maintains it at its own expense. To take such a car, you need to follow some rules:
- pick up good company leasing;
- take it all Required documents;
- decide which car to take and assess its condition in the company;
- learn all about the leasing offer for customers and choose the best solution;
- write an application for an application.
Leasing companies do not deal in used cars with a dubious history. Taking such a car in the company, the client can be sure of legal cleanliness. In addition, it is technically sound and regularly passes all the necessary checks.
Leasing is a lease with an option to purchase. This type of transaction is most often practiced between legal entities. But in Europe, for example, individuals buy cars on lease much more often than on credit.
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So far in Russia this species deals are not common, but still gradually gaining momentum in popularity.
What is it and how does it work
In fact, leasing combines two types of transactions: rent and sale. The car is rented to an individual who pays the agreed amount of money on a monthly basis.
At the same time, the lessee, that is, the tenant of the car, does not become the owner, but bears full financial responsibility for the entrusted property and performs all the necessary manipulations:
- purchase and (if it is stated in the terms of the contract);
- payment of taxes;
- payment of fines;
- annual technical inspection;
- timely repair;
- purchase of fuels and lubricants, etc.
But the lessee does not have the right to fully dispose of the car. The right to sell, exchange and donate also remains with the lessor. However, for the duration of the lease, this right is frozen.
Advantages and disadvantages
Leasing has significant differences between renting and car loans. So, when renting a car, you can only use a certain period of time.
The loan allows you to immediately take ownership of the car, but the high interest rate leads to significant overpayments. Car leasing combines the advantages and disadvantages of both types of transaction.
So the benefits include:
- Ability to independently regulate the terms of the loan agreement. This is deprived of a regular bank car loan. For example, the parties decide between themselves on the amount of the down payment. In banks, this indicator is set by the lender.
- Convenient payment schedule. As a rule, with leasing, the largest contribution is made at the very beginning and at the end. Monthly payments are made in a small amount.
- There is no need to involve guarantors and collateral. The car itself does not become collateral.
- Ease of design. The lessee does not need a large package of documents, for a long time for consideration of the application, etc. The transaction is executed in one day, the tenant can immediately start operating the car.
- You can get a car for use with any credit history. But this advantage is conditional. There are companies that study the credit history of customers, but this rarely happens. When contacting subsidiaries of banks, verification is always carried out.
- The lessee has a choice - to keep the car (buy it out) or return it back.
When leasing a car, it is not necessary to buy it. You can return the car to the owner and rent another vehicle. This scheme is suitable for those who like to regularly change cars.
But there are also disadvantages to leasing:
- The car remains the property of the lessor. At any time, he can return it back under certain circumstances (for example, if the tenant stops making payments).
- The tenant cannot sublease the car.
- Individuals are not entitled to a tax credit.
How to lease a car to individuals
Despite the fact that leasing is considered a less complex financial transaction, compared to a car loan, its execution must be carried out competently from the legal side.
The conclusion of the transaction takes place in 5 main stages:
- Choice of leasing company and car.
- Study of proposals and preliminary agreement of conditions with the leasing company.
- Preparation of documents requested by the lessor.
- Leasing object insurance.
- Conclusion of a leasing agreement, receiving a car.
Each stage requires a careful approach to eliminate errors when receiving a car. For example, many people ignore the requirement to inspect a car.
But if there is serious damage it will be impossible to operate the car, and it will have to be returned in good condition.
New
Mostly new cars are purchased on lease. This service is offered by banks, financial companies, as well as car dealerships. As a rule, new cars are leased with the right of further redemption.
A feature of leasing for a new car is the requirement to purchase CASCO. This is necessary so that in the event of a loss of the commodity value of the car, the insurance company covers the losses.
The lessor in this way is protected from losses associated with non-payment of payments. If the tenant refuses CASCO, then the amount of the down payment increases. It can range from 10% to 50%.
With mileage
Leasing a used car for an individual is easier because the current cost of the car has been reduced, so there is no need to apply for CASCO.
This type of transaction provides for the receipt of a vehicle with the right to purchase or subject to return at the end of the contract.
The lessee should be attentive to transactions involving a used car. Unscrupulous Companies they pass off faulty vehicles as working cars, and then demand repairs.
In order not to be deceived, before concluding a contract, you need to take precautions:
- carefully check the car, it is better to contact an experienced car mechanic for a thorough diagnosis of the car;
- in the contract, provide for the clause “guarantee, which indicates guarantee period for a car (if during this period a breakdown occurs, for reasons beyond the control of the lessee, the lessor must replace the car or make repairs at its own expense);
- do not choose a car from heavily worn models.
Where to go
Most leasing companies cooperate with legal entities. But still it is worth considering the proposals of the largest organizations:
- VTB24 Leasing;
- Major Leasing;
- Europlan;
- Sberbank Leasing;
- VEB Leasing;
- Intesa Leasing.
It should be borne in mind that almost all leasing companies work only with the Moscow and Leningrad regions. They have equipped car parks where cars are kept for leasing.
When choosing a leasing company, you should rely on several important parameters:
- the life of the company - the longer it is present on the market, the more it can be trusted;
- the financial condition of the company - if the organization is at the stage of bankruptcy, then the leased car can be seized by bailiffs to pay off debts;
- Feedback is important, both positive and negative feedback(of course, the first should be more);
- terms of leasing.
It is also possible to lease a car from an individual. In this case, it is necessary to provide for all the nuances - the death of the owner, his debts, etc. You need to contact only a trusted and reliable person.
Documentation
Each leasing company has its own requirements for tenants and documents. The standard package includes:
- passport;
- income statement for the last 3-6 months;
- a copy of the work book;
- certificate of temporary registration at the place of residence in the absence of a permanent residence permit.
If the transaction is made with subsidiary bank, then an additional identity document (for example, a passport or a military ID) may be required. But an exhaustive list is provided at the request of the client.
As a rule, there are no difficulties with the execution of the transaction. If the potential client does not have serious debts, and is 18 years old by age, then the conclusion of the contract takes 1-2 days.
Leasing agreement
A leasing agreement between individuals, as well as between an individual and a legal entity, is drawn up approximately according to the same scheme.
The document should include the following items:
- Subject of the agreement. It describes the car in detail: make, model, year of manufacture, VIN code, etc. Characteristics are deducted from the data sheet.
- Payment schedule. A debt repayment plan is drawn up. You must specify the amount for each month until the end of the transaction.
- Violations of the contract and liability of the parties. This indicates what constitutes a breach of the deal. For example, if there is a delay in payment, then it must be with a deadline. And the stipulated liability for violations.
- Other items. The parties, at their discretion, may include other clauses in the contract, if necessary.
Between an individual and a legal entity
An agreement between an individual and a legal entity is drawn up taking into account the requirements listed above.
When leasing in big company the unified form of the contract is used. It only includes necessary information about the lessee and the car. Before signing, you should carefully read the terms of the contract.
When concluding a transaction with a legal entity, the contract includes one important point- Responsibility for the operation of the car for other purposes. The conditions stipulate that the machine can only be used for personal purposes.
If the lessee violates this condition and operates the vehicle to work in a taxi, then penalties may apply, or the contract is terminated ahead of schedule without a refund.
A legal entity has the right to check for what purpose the subject matter of the agreement is used in order to exclude violations.
Between individuals
A leasing agreement between individuals is concluded according to a similar scheme. There is practically no difference between these types of transactions.
The only thing is that the contract must be certified by a notary. And preferably, at the conclusion of the transaction, the presence of a third party. It must be a disinterested person. For example, a lawyer or an appraiser.
A transaction between individuals is always riskier than when the other party is a company. For this reason, it is recommended to draw up an agreement with a lawyer so that all the nuances of leasing are included in the document.
Purchase order
Buying a car on lease is carried out in one of two ways:
- When the leasing company already owns the car.
- When a leasing company buys a car for leasing.
In the first case, the option described above is provided. The leasing company has its own fleet of equipment, which is leased with the right to purchase or subject to a full return.
In the second case, the purchase scheme is slightly different:
- The client contacts the leasing company and submits an application.
- After consideration of the application, the company forms a special offer for leasing.
- Based on the approved amount of money, a search for a car is carried out.
- The client makes an advance payment in the amount of 10% to 50% (according to this scheme, you cannot take a car without a down payment).
- The leasing company buys the car you like into its ownership.
- A leasing agreement is drawn up.
- After repayment of the required amount, the car becomes the property of the tenant.
What is car leasing for individuals?
This financial instrument automotive market It has been known for a long time, but it was mainly used by legal entities. According to experts, the time is coming when leasing can be useful for individuals.
by the most accessible ways to get a car at your full disposal has always been its purchase or rental. But there is also a financial instrument that combines these two possibilities.
What is leasing
If we give a very simple definition, then leasing is a lease with the right to purchase or a phased acquisition of property into ownership. That is, for some time a person or company uses equipment, buildings and other real estate, pays a certain amount for it, and in the end this property becomes the property of this person or company.
Reference
In the US and the EU, the share of cars purchased on lease is 30% of all purchased cars (for comparison, in the Russian Federation - less than 3%). Another 30% is purchased in cash and 40% on credit. At the same time, car leasing by individuals provides different countries up to half of all transactions with passenger cars, when companies and enterprises use the tool in Russia. Most often, the financial lease of cars by private individuals in the West ends with the return of the car and the conclusion of a new contract. This practice has been a familiar part of mass consumer culture for several decades.
In Russia, this financial instrument is regulated by Federal Law No. 194 “On Financial Leasing (Leasing)”, adopted back in 1998, which gives the following definition: “Leasing is a set of economic and legal relations arising in connection with the implementation of a leasing agreement, including acquisition of the subject of leasing; leasing agreement - an agreement under which the lessor (hereinafter referred to as the lessor) undertakes to acquire ownership of the property specified by the lessee (hereinafter referred to as the lessee) from the seller specified by him and provide the lessee with this property for a fee for temporary possession and use. The leasing agreement may provide that the choice of the seller and the acquired property is carried out by the lessor; leasing activity - a type of investment activity for the acquisition of property and its transfer to leasing.
What is the difference between leasing and renting and buying
Rent- is the temporary use of a car for a certain amount. Almost the same thing happens when lease agreement. In both cases real owner car profits from the fact that other people use the car. But leasing car at the end of the term of use becomes the property of the tenant, and does not return to the owner. In a practical sense, renting is more expensive, but requires less investment, since there is no down payment, as in leasing, but only a small deposit. It is more often used if the car is needed for a short period of time (from several hours to several months), respectively, the tenant does not care about obtaining an OSAGO policy, passing MOT, seasonal change tires and other vehicle maintenance. It is spent only on fuel. Rental rates depend on the period for which the car is taken. When leasing, the payments are always the same.
When buying a car, it immediately becomes the property of the buyer. Along with the ownership of the new owner, all responsibilities for the maintenance and service of the machine fall. And it’s good if you immediately found the entire amount necessary for the purchase. But, according to statistics, in our country about half of new cars are purchased on credit, for which interest and other obligatory payments are paid.
Leasing and car loans
Most of all, modern leasing programs are similar to lending when buying a car. They are united by the required initial payment and monthly payments. But with a conventional loan, the car becomes the property of an individual and immediately becomes collateral to secure the repayment of the loan. When leasing, the car continues to be registered with the company and changes its owner depending on the terms of the contract.
Leasing for individuals
While creating " Leasing Law e” more than 15 years ago, the wording “for commercial use” was included, which excluded the possibility of its use by individuals for domestic use. But in 2010, a change was made to remove the phrase. This measure did not add popularity to leasing, but now ordinary citizens may use finance leases.
At the initial stage, leasing can be used by a client - an individual who is a citizen of the Russian Federation, who has permanent registration in Moscow and Moscow region, aged 18 years.
Documents required for applying for leasing:
- A completed application form;
- passport of the Russian Federation (copies of all pages);
- a second document with a photograph (VU, passport, etc.);
- a document confirming the source of income (a copy of the work book, an employment contract, a contract for the lease of property (apartments, for example) for rent, etc.);
- a document confirming the amount of income (certificate 2 personal income tax, a certificate in free form, an act of accepting the transfer of money for renting an apartment, etc.).
The mathematics of leasing
Leasing programs so far apply to new cars and commercial vehicles foreign production, including those assembled on the territory of the Russian Federation, costing from 300,000 to 6,000,000 rubles.
The duration of the program can be 12, 24 or 36 months. If the client wants to buy the car earlier, it can be done after 6 months.
Two types of product are offered today:
- leasing with transfer of ownership (at the end of the leasing period, the client can acquire ownership of the car for a redemption fee);
- leasing without transfer of ownership (at the end of the leasing period, the client returns the car to the leasing company and can choose and conclude a contract for another car).
The residual value of the car at the date of return (how much it will cost in 12, 24 or 36 months) is determined by experts individually, depending on the brand, model, equipment and leasing period, and can be up to 80% of the cost of the car.
Monthly payments are from 5.5% of the cost of the car. They include depreciation of the vehicle and "rental" payments. The vice-president for economics and finance of a well-known car holding company gave such an example to compare leasing and car loans.
Let's take as a basis the following typical loan option:
The cost of the car is 1,200,000 rubles. Term 24 months, advance payment 20%, rate 15.5% per annum.
In this case monthly payment will amount to 46,775.56 rubles, the advance payment - 240,000 rubles, and the total cost of purchasing a car, taking into account the costs of servicing the debt, will amount to 1,362,613.46 rubles for 24 months.
When purchasing a similar car on lease, you have two options:
1) leasing with transfer of ownership. In the case of leasing a car, it is possible to receive a discount (we will take it at an average level of 10%). In this case, we will get: an advance payment of 216,000 rubles, a monthly payment of 42,711.25 rubles, and the total cost of purchasing a car under a leasing agreement for 24 months will be 1,241,070.00 rubles.
In comparison with a car loan, the benefit is obtained both in the first installment (24 thousand rubles), the monthly payment (more than 4 thousand rubles), and in terms of costs in the aggregate - by 121,543 rubles. leasing is cheaper.
2) leasing without transfer of ownership. In this case, it is also possible to receive a discount on the car (we will take it at an average level of 10%). The residual value will be indicative of 70% In this case, we will get: an advance payment of 216,000 rubles, a monthly payment of 13,662.46 rubles, and the total cost of owning a car under a leasing agreement for 24 months will be 543,899.44 rubles.
For comparison with a loan, we will assume that we will sell the car after the loan is repaid - this will equalize the conditions with leasing without transferring ownership. Having sold the car under the same conditions for 70%, we will receive expenses for the period of car ownership using loans in the amount of 522,613.46 rubles. (1,362,613.46 - 840,000).
In comparison with a car loan, the first installment is lower by 24 thousand rubles, monthly payments are almost 4 times lower - 13,600 per month instead of almost 47 thousand rubles.
From these examples, the advantages of both products are clearly visible: 1) with comparable monthly payments, it is more profitable in general; 2) comparable to a loan at a significantly lower monthly cost.
Insurance, taxes and penalties for leasing
All additional costs that normal operation car is ultimately borne by the lessee. It could also be a purchase. additional equipment, and insurance (mandatory and voluntary, however, it is also mandatory, since the car is the property of the company), and transport tax. It's just that these expenses are included in the final amount of the leasing agreement, and payments on them are broken down for the entire period of its validity.
As for the fines that come from photo and video cameras, they will be paid by the tenant. Resolutions come to the owner, and he sends them to the client. In this case, the payment of fines becomes the main payment, and until it is made, incoming monthly payments will not be counted. Rather, these amounts will be used to pay off the fines, and then they will be accepted as payment under the contract.
Problems and prospects of leasing for individuals
CEO another leasing company says that there are whole line factors hindering the active development of leasing for individuals in Russia. “These are shortcomings in the existing regulatory framework governing the leasing sector as a whole, and the lack of a culture financial lease cars by individuals. To a certain extent, the development of leasing for individuals is also constrained by the uncertain situation in the economy. At this stage, car leasing in our country is still more focused on the needs of entrepreneurs and organizations.
At the same time, I believe that the prospects for the development of leasing for individuals in our country are quite good. Leasing for individuals in Russia can compete with car loan products, provided that leasing operators bring to the market enough variable leasing offers for individuals.
Each product - leasing or credit - should have its own unique advantage and be aimed at its target segment. The experience of our company at the present time successfully confirms this by offering a suitable financial solution for the purchase of cars to different customer groups.”
Experts hope that with the maximum development of the program in Russian leasing, it will sell up to a million cars a year.
For individuals who want to buy a car, a great opportunity has appeared - leasing a car is very profitable.
What is leasing?
This is a long-term lease of property, which involves a certain payment period, at the end of which the vehicle becomes the property of the tenant. The leasing agreement is concluded for a certain period, at the end of the agreement, the car becomes the property of an individual who was previously a tenant.
Such an agreement has many advantages. One of the determining factors is the fact that during the making of payments, the car can be freely used at its discretion. You can buy a car in this way under various conditions.
How to get and how to arrange a car lease?
If you are interested in how to lease a car to individuals without a down payment, then it is important to understand the fact that the contract can be terminated both by agreement of the parties, and at the request of one of them. It is important to pay attention to the conditions that are spelled out in the document. The contract is the main document that regulates the relationship between the parties who have entered into an agreement.
The sequence of actions when buying a car using this method is as follows:
- 1. An individual chooses a car he likes.
- 2. Applies to the leasing company, where they will tell him what documents are needed to conclude an agreement.
- 3. A complete package of documents is being collected.
- 4. A package of documents for receiving a car in long term rental with the right to buy is submitted to the company for consideration.
- 5. The answer is obtained, if it is positive, then a long-term lease agreement is concluded.
- 6. The lessee purchases the car and provides it for use to the lessee.
- 7. An individual fulfills the conditions specified in the document in a timely manner.
At the time of the purchase of the vehicle, it is the property of the company. In case of non-compliance with the terms of the agreement, it can be withdrawn without the possibility of further redemption.
What documents are needed to lease a car without a down payment?
In order to understand how to draw up a contract, you need to deal with the issue of the list of necessary documents. What may be required? This:
- 1. Passport and TIN.
- 2. A document that confirms the fact of marital status - a certificate of marriage, divorce, and so on.
- 3. For married and married persons, it is necessary to provide a passport and spouse's TIN.
- 4. The actual application for such a loan.
- 5. Questionnaire for the recipient of the vehicle.
This simple list of documents is mandatory in order to identify a person and enable him to purchase a vehicle on lease.
Leasing for individual entrepreneurs without a down payment
It is very convenient for an individual entrepreneur to lease a car without a down payment. This will significantly reduce the time to buy a car, there will be no need to wait until funds are accumulated to buy a new or used vehicle. For business, this is the most best option which will provide an opportunity to earn and receive benefits.
For LLC documents for cars on lease
If the LLC wants to lease a car for a business with the right to purchase, then it will be necessary to provide some documents on the financial condition of the company, it will also require an auditor's report on the last check and documents that will show the nature of the movement Money in company accounts.
In this case, you will need to make an initial payment, which will be up to 20%. The collateral for this type of rental will be the vehicle itself. If the LLC does not comply with all the terms of the agreement, then the machines may be confiscated, the contract may be terminated in unilaterally regardless of the amount paid so far.
Taxi leasing without down payment to an individual
Even an individual can issue a taxi for himself in this way, as there are various conditions lending. It is even possible to get a car without a down payment. If an individual has received a taxi under an agreement, then he uses it at his own discretion, but at the same time, according to the agreement, he is obliged to pay a certain amount every month within a certain period, which is also determined by the terms of this document.
For used cars leasing agreement
Now you can draw up a long-term lease agreement with a subsequent purchase not only for new cars, but also for used ones. Significant differences this is not observed, but it must be understood that not every used car can be purchased in this way. Companies usually specify the age of the car, usually it should not exceed 5 years.
Dump truck on lease without down payment
Both individuals and legal entities have the opportunity to receive a dump truck for a long-term lease with a purchase. It can be used for private needs or for business. Such a lease, in comparison with bank lending, in this case has advantages. The purchase will not be instant, sometimes a company or person does not have such financial capabilities. Lease with subsequent purchase in this case would be the best solution.
Real estate on lease for individuals without a down payment
The principle of obtaining real estate is the same as for a car, it is a cross between a loan or mortgage and rent. After the expiration of the contract successful cooperation the property becomes the property of the recipient. You can take real estate without a down payment, but the amount of monthly payments increases.
Return of the initial lease payment
If the contract is terminated unilaterally, then the possibility of returning the down payment is provided only if it is written in the document. The reason in this case may be the failure to comply with the terms of the agreement by the lessor or the transfer of rights to property to another person. All relations between the parties are governed exclusively by the contract.
Leasing a car for individuals without a down payment
Many are interested in whether it is possible for an individual to take a car on a financial lease without an initial payment? Yes it is possible. However, it is important to know that an upfront payment can greatly facilitate subsequent payments. Since the higher the advance payment, the lower the amount of payments under the contract with a private person.
The leasing company charges interest on the purchase amount of the car. This value is calculated as the cost of the subject of the transaction minus the initial payment. Therefore, when making a large initial amount, the amount of financing decreases. This means less interest and an increase in the price of the contract.
However, not everyone has the opportunity to pay the down payment. Therefore, many financial institutions are increasingly offering individuals to lease a car without this condition. It is wrong to assume that through leasing only freight transport and special equipment. Now cars are leased out. It is called car leasing for individuals.
Leasing a car for individuals without a down payment
You have decided to lease a car for individuals without a down payment in Moscow to work in a taxi. What happens next? You choose a car in the showroom of an automaker's dealer. Your lessor buys this car, registers it with the traffic police, insures it and gives it to you for several years.
Every month, an individual transfers the difference between the purchase price of a car and its residual value which is written in the contract. When the contract expires, the vehicle is transferred to the leasing company or redeemed at a fixed purchase price.
Car leasing for individuals has its advantages:
- there is no down payment;
- regular payments are lower than with car loans;
- the lease payment often includes all expenses for insurance, scheduled maintenance, tire fitting, seasonal storage tires, etc.);
- the application is considered quickly (in comparison with a bank loan for an individual);
- minimum documents are required for registration.
Conditions for obtaining a car on lease and necessary documents
There are certain conditions for obtaining a car on lease for individuals. This:
- reliable financial condition of the lessee;
- high level car liquidity;
- clean name in credit institutions;
- good credit history of an individual;
- the ability to issue a property pledge or the presence of guarantors.
To apply in Moscow, St. Petersburg, or any other city, you need to fill out and take the necessary documents for leasing a car without a down payment.
- questionnaire of an individual in the form of the company of the lessor;
- a copy of the Russian passport (all pages);
- a copy of the second document (driver's license, passport);
- document on income for the last six months (certificate 2-NDFL, certificate of employment);
- a certified copy of the work book (employment contract, other documents confirming income);
- other documents as requested by the lessor.
When you go to the office of the leasing company, do not forget to take all the above documents with you.
Where to get a used car for leasing for individuals?
In addition to a brand new car, you can rent used vehicles. Offers of companies to purchase a used car without a down payment are updated regularly. Since many lessors work with such cars. Often they offer the sale of a car without a down payment from the so-called leasing confiscation. These are cars that are confiscated from customers as a result of non-fulfillment of obligations under transactions. You can rent them at the most favorable terms.
It is profitable to rent used cars. That's why:
- only checked cars in the park;
- guarantee legal purity transactions;
- full car diagnostics;
- certified technical condition;
- one owner.
Truck leasing
Today, not only legal entities and entrepreneurs acquire trucks on a financial lease without an advance payment. Leasing possible trucks for individuals without a down payment. To do this, many companies request only two documents:
- driver's license (passport, international passport);
- certificate of state pension insurance.
In general, less stringent requirements are imposed on the rental of trucks and special equipment. This is due to a number of reasons. Compared to car the difference is obvious. Cargo one way or another, use to do business. Therefore, it will generate income. The lessor may adjust the payment schedule in accordance with seasonal changes that have a direct impact on the business. It is possible to take a deferment on the payment of the debt.
How to buy a used car on lease - the cost of a car loan for a used car?
Many people prefer not to take a car loan, but to rent a used car. This is a simplified transaction approval procedure and lower interest rates. And besides:
- purchase without a down payment;
- fixed monthly fee;
- personal approach to each borrower;
- minimum documents;
- no additional fees;
- risk minimization.
It takes a long time to get a car loan. Some find it difficult to meet all the requirements of a credit institution. Therefore, buyers of cars began to turn to lessors more often.
Arrange a car for rent easier for a person who cannot take a loan from a bank. If an individual does not have official income, work experience, he does not have a local residence permit, the amount of the down payment, then leasing becomes the only way to take a car. Therefore, first you need to take a calculator, calculate everything. Compare the terms of payment of principal and interest in both cases. Choose the option that suits you best, with or without a down payment. When choosing a particular company, first study the reviews. They cannot but exist if the company has been operating on the market for a long time.
Taxi leasing for individual entrepreneurs
Self-employed entrepreneurs, especially those who have just started working, face a lack of funding to buy vehicles. The bank does not respond to applications, as there are not enough documents.
Leasing a taxi for individual entrepreneurs is a way out of the situation, they do not need to confirm a high level of income or have a good credit history.
Conditions
In order to lease a car, an individual entrepreneur must:
- have financial stability, make a profit for a year or longer;
- choose the subject of the contract, which has high liquidity;
- collect supporting documents.
The terms of the deal differ different companies, the standard ones are:
- the term of the contract is from one to 10 years;
- advance payment from 0 to 49%
- making payments in euros, rubles or dollars;
- registration of insurance of choice;
- the lessor remains the owner of the machine during the term of the contract.
Where can I get
There are 5 most famous companies cooperating with taxi drivers:
The conditions in the most popular firms are listed below. City-Finance offers to issue a leasing agreement with the following criteria:
The company draws up a contract in 1 day, the lessee will need:
- go to the branch in the region of registration of IP;
- provide employees with information about the desired subject of the contract;
- agree to the conditions, and sign documents on activities in the field of transportation.
Europlan is one of the largest companies that cooperate with small businesses. They offer the following conditions:
The company has available preferential terms lending to individual entrepreneurs based on state support. Wherein:
- only new cars are available;
- year of issue 2018;
- the car must be produced in Russia;
- according to TCP, the color of the car is either white or yellow;
- the term of the leasing contract is 13 months;
- in OSAGO in without fail a mark is put on the use of the car as a taxi.
The last major firm is Carcade Leasing, the conditions are as follows:
Registration procedure
3 papers are always required:
- application by hand or online;
- a copy of an identity document;
- any proof of income.
With this package, a citizen goes to the department or sends it through the site. Employees consider the application, after which they invite the client to sign the contract. A person transfers an advance payment, receives the keys to the car.
Required documents
Legal entities require the following standard documents:
- founding papers and copies;
- a copy of the license for the carriage of passengers;
- company registration certificate;
- financial statements for the last year.
Individuals need the following documents:
- internal passport;
- driver license;
- certificate of income 2-NDFL;
- work book.
Additionally, the lessor may require:
- certificate of registration as an individual entrepreneur;
- tax reporting;
- certificate of the chosen method of taxation;
- passport of the head of the company, if the application is not submitted by him.
Features without down payment
One of the most attractive transactions is leasing without an advance payment. With such an agreement, it is easy to increase the taxi fleet and increase revenues.
If there is no upfront capital, the monthly payments will be higher or the contract will last longer. The negative factor is the increased interest and overpayments, the final cost of the car will be higher.
Advantages and disadvantages
Leasing a taxi has many undeniable advantages:
- a transparent and understandable design scheme in which 2 parties act (3 parties if the agreement is signed by a car dealer);
- the advance payment is not obligatory, or it is no more than 10 parts of the total cost of the car;
- most companies offer leasing at a lower percentage than in a bank;
- the company pays taxes and registers the car, the client pays for insurance on favorable terms;
- loyalty programs have been developed for individual entrepreneurs, especially when receiving several vehicles at once;
- The contract provides for the possibility of buying the car.
The downside is the multiple restrictions that the lessor imposes on the car. You can only move freely within a country or region. Damage is always the responsibility of the lessee.
Taxi leasing is not available in all companies, however, the largest companies in Russia offer such a service. The contract is drawn up on the basis of a financial analysis of the future client, payments are calculated taking into account individual characteristics.
