The operation of a truck in the current year provides for a number of specific nuances. The main one is to avoid overloading the means of transporting the goods. The measure is achieved due to the correct distribution of the load from it to the axle of the car, so the question reasonably arises, what is the permissible load on the axle of a truck in Russia in 2019?

General concepts

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In 2013, the legislator introduced new types of categories and subcategories, which was dictated by the emergence of new types of vehicles in the country. To date, according to the norms of legislative acts, there are ten categories and six subcategories of vehicles.

They are subdivided according to a certain type, which has its own characteristics and distinctive features.

What it is

The expression "truck" means a technical means intended for the transportation of cargo. It is transported in a body or on a specially equipped platform.

Its permitted weight must be commensurate with the sum of the load on the front and rear axles. As a rule, the weight of the cab and the power unit is on the front axle, and the weight of the cargo transported by the vehicle is on the rear axle.

The main characteristics of the truck:

• appointment;
• load capacity;
• body type;
• allowed weight;
• weight without load;
• the location of the driver's cab in relation to the front axle;
• total weight of the towed trailer.

All types of trucks are assigned category "C" and "C1" depending on their dimensions and carrying capacity. The direct purpose of cars is to transport goods, regardless of their weight and dimensions.

Each truck is completed with technological documentation, which is formed during assembly.

It is produced on the basis of the interstate standard -. “Vehicles are wheeled. Masses and sizes. Technical requirements and methods of determination”. The act came into force on February 1 of this year.

To whom does it apply

The legislator introduced a requirement for drivers to undergo a medical examination by the Federal Law before going on a flight. Its main purpose is to ensure the safety of themselves and those in contact with them.

If the state of health does not meet the requirements, then they are removed from the performance of functional duties.

In accordance with the norms of the Federal Law, individuals who meet certain requirements are allowed to drive a truck.

These include:

1. Possession of Russian citizenship.
2. Reaching adulthood.
3. Acquisition of capacity.
4. The name of the driver's license.
5. Recognition of fitness to drive a truck for physical health reasons.
6. The presence of registration at the place of residence.

Every person driving a truck must be held civilly responsible for his acts and omissions while driving. He must possess both theoretical knowledge on the device of a technical device and practical skills and abilities to drive it.

As for a legal entity, it must be registered with state bodies - the Unified Register of Legal Entities and the Federal Tax Service. The measure makes it possible to establish its organizational and legal form and the status of a tax resident of the Russian state.

Where is checked

Checking the compliance of the permissible load with the conditions of safe driving is carried out by weighing at the checkpoint. The cargo transportation control procedure allows you to set the real mass that acts on the axle.

Ways to control the weight of the transported cargo:

Currently, there are stationary and mobile control posts. The first type of post is located in certain places along the route of the participants in the movement. As for the second, it is equipped on the basis of a car van.

The measure allows you to quickly and efficiently change your location, which causes some inconvenience for truck drivers.

Permissible axle load of a truck

When transporting goods, the instructions of section 23 of the regulation - must be observed. It notes that in no way should the vehicle axle load set by the manufacturer be exceeded.

In addition, the act provides for the conditions for the transportation of goods. It should not restrict the driver's view, make it difficult to drive, create excessive noise and pollute the road.

Established norms

In accordance with the classification, trucks are divided into single and road trains, which have a different number of axles located alone at a distance of 2.5 m from each other and close, combined from several axles. For example, doubles.

In accordance with the Government Decree, permissible loads on the axle of a truck have been established, the table contains their numerical values. For example, without obtaining a permit, you can operate a car with a maximum weight of 44 tons.

Single:

Road train:

The specified indicators of Russian permissible axial loads are close to the all-European indicators. Rationing was carried out based on the load indicator on the axle group.

The obligation to comply with the permissible axle loads of a truck lies with:

Divisible cargo must be placed in a truck in such a way that its total mass together with the cargo does not exceed the permissible mass.

How is it calculated

The mass of the car and the load coming to each axle can be calculated to avoid administrative penalties.

They are interconnected by the following relationship:

ma = Npo + Nzo

The wording "axle load or axle load" refers to the load received from the mass of the vehicle, which is transmitted to the surface of the roadway by the wheels of one axle. As a rule, more load is transferred to the rear axle than to the front.

Calculation example

Initial data - it is required to calculate the axle load indicator of a tractor with 3 axles. A trailer with three axles is connected to it. The car transports a load, the mass of which is equal to 20 tons. According to the data of the registration certificate, the weight of the truck is 8 tons, and the weight of the trailer is 10 tons.

The load on the trailer is 75% of the total mass of the trailer and the transported cargo:

Npr \u003d (10 + 20) * 75% \u003d 22.5 tons

Calculation of the numerical value of the load:

(7.5*3) + (5.8*2) + 3.9 = 38 tons

What is the danger of overloading the car

In accordance with generally accepted rules, overloading a car entails a deterioration in the condition of the pavement made on the road. The process is fraught with a certain kind of negative consequences.

For example, a load that exceeds the allowable rate is capable of transferring significant pressure to the axle, which may not withstand it.

These include:

• the occurrence of an emergency due to the unstable movement of an overloaded vehicle;
• destruction of the roadway;
• an increase in the length of the braking distance of a car with a load, which entails an increase in the emergency;
• driving an overloaded car becomes much more difficult when ice sets in, the asphalt pavement becomes wet;
• loss of control of a loaded car during its sudden braking, due to skidding of its rear part;
• overturning of a car with a load due to a violation of its stability due to improper distribution of the load or its fastening;
• increased wear and tear of the truck;
• the failure of its parts due to the impact of the load is large compared to the permissible norm.

Video: restrictions

Important nuances

At its core, a truck is a machine, that is, a motor vehicle. Its main purpose is to perform a given function by making certain movements to transport cargo of various weights and dimensions.

It moves along the communication lines without rails, which is part of the transport infrastructure facilities.

The wording "highway" in accordance with the provisions of Federal Law No. 196-FZ means an engineering structure. It adapts to the movement of vehicles, regardless of their category.

The highway includes:

Indicators	Description
Structural elements	roadbed, pavement, details that are a technological part, special lanes dividing it into certain carriageways and tramways, sidewalks intended for pedestrians
Protective road structures	landscaping tools, devices that protect the road from snow avalanches, noise and wind
Artificial road structures	bridges, aqueducts, tunnels, overpasses, pipelines
Individual details of the arrangement	road safety signs, fences, traffic lights, traffic control devices, special devices that perform the functions of photography and filming, video recorders that record violations of traffic rules

A large number of people are involved in traffic, such as drivers of trucks and cars, ordinary citizens represented by passers-by, traffic police officers. Any person participating in the traffic formed on the highway can become the culprit of a traffic accident.

Each of them is endowed with certain duties that they must perform. They are obliged to comply with the rules that allow driving on the road without creating threats and possible risks on it, danger to other people.

In accordance with the standards, the load from the mass of the vehicle itself and the load must be distributed proportionally to the front and rear axles. For example, the front axle of a dual-base vehicle should carry one-third of the mass, and the rear axle two-thirds.

A ban is imposed on the operation of a truck if its mass or axle load exceeds the permissible load by 2%. The norm was introduced by the instructions of Article 29 of the Federal Law No. 275-FZ.

In this situation, a measure of influence is applied in the form of a penalty on certain persons, which is noted in part 1, namely in article.

Its size, depending on the numerical indicator of exceeding the permissible load, is for:

When transporting dangerous goods, a special permit is required. It is issued by the relevant department of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, as emphasized in the order.

In addition, lighting devices should be additionally installed on it in front and behind if the cargo is transported at night or fog forms in the environment.

Each truck driver, in accordance with the instructions of the SDA regulation, must install a special sign. The measure is carried out if the dimensions of the transported cargo protrude from the front or back by 1 meter or more, and on the sides - 40 cm.

What is regulated

Issues regarding the ownership and operation of trucks are regulated by a number of legislative by-laws.

These include:

Indicators	Description
the federal law	the act was issued on November 8, 2007 under the number 257-FZ. it was last modified on September 19, 2017
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation	the act was issued on April 15, 2011 under the number 272. Its last revision is dated December 22, 2016
Code of Administrative Offenses, part one	the act was issued on December 30, 2001 under the number 195-FZ
Order of the Ministry of Transport "On approval of the Rules for the transportation of dangerous goods by road"	the act was issued on August 8, 1995 under the number 73, and its last revision is dated October 14, 1999

FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE
RUSSIA

VEHICLE,
PUBLIC ROADS

Moscow, 1999

FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE OF RUSSIA
(FDS of Russia)

ORDER

Moscow

On approval of the norms "Maximum weights and dimensions of vehicles operated on public roads"

In order to ensure traffic safety, reliability and safety of public roads and road structures, taking into account their bearing capacity and carrying capacity I ORDER: 1 . Approve the attached norms "Maximum weights and dimensions of vehicles operated on public roads", agreed with the Ministry of Transport of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2. The Department for ensuring the safety of roads of the FDS of Russia (Sorokin S.F.) together with the Legal Department of the FDS of Russia (Enikeev Sh.S.) to coordinate in the prescribed manner with the interested ministries and departments and submit until June 1, 1999 for approval by the leadership of the FDS of Russia "Rules passage of heavy and (or) oversized vehicles on public roads” and “Instructions on the procedure for compensating for damage caused by heavy vehicles when driving on public roads”. 3 . To impose control over the execution of this order on the deputy head of the FDS of Russia Urmanov I.A. Head V.G. Artyukhov

FEDERAL ROAD SERVICE
RUSSIA

MAXIMUM WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS
VEHICLE,
OPERATING ON VEHICLES
PUBLIC ROADS

Moscow, 1999

1 . General provisions

1.1. The provisions set forth in these standards relate to the mass and dimensions of vehicles permitted for use in the Russian Federation on public roads, established based on the requirements for ensuring road safety, reliability and safety of roads and road structures, taking into account their bearing capacity and load capacity. The following restrictions on the weight and dimensions of vehicles do not apply to the production of vehicles, the requirements for which are established by other standards and norms. 1.2. Vehicles or parts thereof that form part of combined vehicles, the dimensions, as well as the total mass and axle load of which do not exceed the values ​​established by sections 3, 4 and 5 of these standards, are allowed to travel on federal and territorial public roads. For other highways designed and built for loads less than those specified in Sections 3, 4 and 5, the owners of roads may set other (lower) maximum values ​​for the mass of vehicles, for federal highways - by the Federal Road Service of Russia, for territorial roads roads - by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, for municipal highways - by local governments. Decisions to reduce the dimensions and weights of vehicles listed below are based on the results of a road survey and may be permanent or temporary. At the same time, the body that made such a decision is obliged, in accordance with the established procedure, to install appropriate traffic signs on the highway or its section, where additional restrictions on the mass and size of vehicles are introduced and inform road users about this. 1.3. A vehicle and its part forming a combined vehicle, the mass and/or axle load of which and/or the size of which exceed the maximum values ​​established by these standards, may travel on roads only if there are special permits issued in the prescribed manner by the competent authorities. The movement of such vehicles on roads is carried out in accordance with the "Instructions for the transportation of bulky and heavy goods by road on the roads of the Russian Federation", approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia 27. 05.96 1.4. In addition to the limit values ​​​​of the total mass and axle loads established by these requirements, the mass of the transported cargo and the distribution of the load along the axles must not exceed the values ​​\u200b\u200bestablished by the manufacturer for a particular vehicle. 1.5. For the purposes of these norms, the following concepts and definitions are used: Vehicle - a device designed for the carriage of goods and passengers on roads; Truck - a vehicle designed and built exclusively or primarily for the carriage of goods; Tractor - a vehicle designed and built exclusively or primarily for towing a trailer or semi-trailer; Trailer - a vehicle designed for the carriage of goods by towing by a tractor or truck; Semi-trailer - specially equipped for the carriage of goods, designed to be connected to a tractor in such a way that a part of this vehicle is located directly on the tractor and transfers a significant proportion of its weight to it; Road train - a combined vehicle consisting of a truck and a trailer; Articulated vehicle - a combined vehicle consisting of a tractor, articulated with a semi-trailer; Bus - a vehicle designed to carry passengers and their luggage, with more than nine seats, including a driver's seat; Articulated bus- a bus consisting of two or more rigid sections connected to each other and having a passenger compartment in each section, allowing passengers to move freely from one compartment to another; Combined vehicle- combination of a truck, consisting of a truck connected to a semi-trailer; The maximum length, width and height of the vehicle - length, width and height of the vehicle with or without cargo, not exceeding the values ​​specified in section 3 of these standards; Maximum linear parameters of the vehicle - linear parameters not exceeding the values ​​specified in section 3 of these standards; Maximum vehicle weight- the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo, which does not exceed the values ​​specified in section 4 of these standards; - mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the surface of the road, not exceeding the standard value; Indivisible cargo- cargo which, when transported by road, cannot be divided into two or more parts without undue cost or risk of deterioration and which, when loaded on a vehicle, would exceed its maximum dimensions and mass; Air suspension- a suspension system in which the damping element is air; Cart- two or more axles having a common suspension to the vehicle; single axle- an axle of a vehicle located at a distance of more than 1.8 m from the nearest axle of this vehicle; close axes- axes (two or more) of the vehicle, located at a distance between them of less than 1.8 m.

2. Measuring the mass and dimensions of vehicles

2.1. Vehicle length is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 clause 6.1. However, when measuring length in accordance with the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on the vehicle are not taken into account: glass cleaner and mudguards; front and side marking plates; devices for sealing and protective devices for them; devices for fixing tarpaulins and protective devices for them; electrical lighting equipment; rear view mirrors; devices for viewing the space behind the car; air tubes; length of valves and connectors for connection to trailers or swap bodies; steps for access to the body; lift for a note tire; lifting platforms, access steps and similar equipment not exceeding 200 mm in working position and designed in such a way that they cannot increase the vehicle's load limit; coupling devices for towing vehicles or trailers. 2.2. Vehicle height is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 paragraph 6.3. Moreover, when measuring the height, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on the vehicle should not be taken into account: antennas; pantograph in raised position. For vehicles equipped with an axle lifting device, the effect of this device is taken into account. 2.3. Vehicle width is measured in accordance with ISO 612-1978 clause 6.2. When measuring the width of a vehicle, taking into account the provisions of this standard, the following devices mounted on a vehicle should not be taken into account: devices for seals and seals and protective devices for them; devices for fixing tarpaulins and protective devices for them; devices for identifying damage to tires ; protruding flexible parts of mudguards; Lightning equipment; steps in working position, suspended platforms and similar equipment which, in working position, do not exceed 10 mm on each side of the vehicle and facing forward or backward, the corners of which are rounded with a radius of at least 5 mm, and the edges of which are rounded with a radius of at least 2 .5 mm; rearview mirrors; tire pressure indicators; retractable or retractable steps; the curved portion of a tire's surface that extends beyond its point of contact with the ground. 2.4. Axle mass of a vehicle is measured with a dynamic vertical load transmitted through a single axle to the road surface from a loaded vehicle. The measurement is carried out by special automobile scales that have passed certification in the prescribed manner. The axle weight of a bogie located on one suspension, taking into account the design of the vehicle, is determined as the sum of the measurements of the mass of each of the axles included in the bogie. 2.5. The total mass of a vehicle or part thereof forming part of a combined vehicle is determined as the sum of the measured masses of all axles of the vehicle or part thereof.

3 . Maximum dimensions and other parameters of vehicles

The maximum dimensions of vehicles, taking into account the dimensions of swap bodies and containers for cargo, including containers, must not exceed the values ​​given below. 3.1. Maximum length: truck - 12.00 m trailer - 12.00 m articulated vehicle - 16.5 m articulated bus - 18.00 m road train - 20.00 m 3.2. Maximum width: all vehicles - 2.50 m 3.3 . Maximum height - 4.00 m 3.4 . The maximum distance between the locking axle of the coupling device and the rear part of the semi-trailer must not exceed 12.00 m. 3.5. The maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train from the outer front point of the body or platform for placing the load behind the cab to the rear outer point of the trailer, minus the distance between the rear of the tractor and the front of the trailer, must not exceed 15.65 m. 3.6. The maximum distance, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road train, from the outer front point of the body or platform for placing cargo behind the cab to the rear outer point of the semi-trailer must not exceed 16.40 m. 3.7. The load installed in the body of the vehicle must not protrude beyond the rear outer point of the vehicle or trailer by more than 2.00 m. 3.8. The distance between the rear axle of the truck and the front axle of the trailer must be at least 3.00 m. 3.9. The horizontally measured distance between the pivot point of the semi-trailer and any point of the front part of the semi-trailer shall not exceed 2.04 m. 3.10. Any vehicle, when moving, must be able to turn within the space limited by an outer radius of 12.50 m and an inner radius of 5.30 m. 3.11. The maximum distance between the locking pin of the hitch and the rear of the combination vehicle must not exceed 12.00 m.

4 . Regulatory total mass of vehicles*

* Regulatory total masses of vehicles must not be exceeded by more than 20%.

Table 4.1

Vehicle type		Regulatory total weight of the vehicle, t
	Trucks a) two-axle vehicle
	b) three-axle car
	d) a four-axle vehicle with two driving axles, each of which consists of two pairs of wheels and has an air or equivalent suspension
	Vehicles forming part of a combination vehicle (a) Two-axle trailer
	b) three-axle trailer
	Combined vehicles Articulated vehicles
	a) a two-axle tractor with a two-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 11.2 m or more
	b) a two-axle tractor with a three-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 12.1 m or more
	c) a three-axle tractor with a two-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 11.7 m or more
	d) a three-axle tractor with a three-axle semi-trailer with a total base of 12.1 or more
	e) a vehicle consisting of an 18-ton truck and a 20-ton semi-trailer if the vehicle has a drive axle consisting of twin wheels and is equipped with an air or equivalent suspension with a total wheelbase of 13.3 m or more
	Road trains a) a two-axle truck with a two-axle trailer with a total base of 12.1 m or more
	b) a two-axle truck with a three-axle trailer with a total base of 14.6 m or more
	c) a two-axle truck with a four-axle trailer with a total base of 16.5 m or more
	d) a three-axle truck with a two-axle trailer with a total base of 14.6 m or more
	e) a three-axle truck with a three-axle trailer with a total base of 15.9 m or more
	f) a three-axle truck with a four-axle trailer with a total base of 18 m or more
	Buses a) two-axle bus
	b) three-axle bus
	c) three-axle articulated bus
	d) four-axle articulated bus

5 . Regulatory axial loads of vehicles

Table 5.1.

Regulatory axial loads of vehicles *

* Axle loads of motor vehicles should not exceed the normative axle loads by more than 40%.

Vehicle axle types	Estimated axial load for which the pavement is designed, tf
	gable		lean-to
Single axles
Twin axles of trailers, semi-trailers, drive axles of trucks and buses with distances between axles:
d) equal to or more than 1.8 m
Triple axles of trailers and semi-trailers with distances between axles:
a) more than 0.5 m, but less than 1.0 m
b) equal to or more than 1.0 m, but less than 1.3 m
c) equal to or more than 1.3 m, but less than 1.8 m
d) equal to or more than 1.8 m
- the same, when mounted on an air suspension or equivalent

5.8. The weight transmitted to the drive or drive axles of the vehicle or combination vehicle must not be less than 25% of the total weight of the vehicle or combination vehicle.

1. General Provisions. 2 2. Measurement of the mass and dimensions of vehicles. 3 3. Maximum dimensions and other parameters of vehicles. 4 4. Regulatory total mass of vehicles. 5 5. Regulatory axial loads of vehicles. 6

Freight transport can damage the roadway and is a source of increased danger to other vehicles. Especially for such vehicles in Russia, there are special rules governing the maximum permitted weight of a truck and the permissible overload. In case of their violation, penalties will be imposed on the culprit.

Legislation and general provisions

Heavy vehicles are a serious burden on the roadway. In order to minimize its damage and ensure safety on the roads, restrictions on the maximum mass of a truck were developed and liability was introduced for their violation.

In the Russian Federation, these norms are given in Federal Law No. 257 and Government Decree No. 272. The State Traffic Inspectorate is obliged to monitor the implementation of the norms.

Truck drivers should pay attention to the following points:

• The rules apply exclusively on public highways of territorial or federal significance.
• Overloaded vehicles must only drive on special roads.
• If the roadway is not able to withstand the load established by law, its owner has the right to establish its own restrictions.
• Before lowering the limits on the maximum permissible weight of the machine, a survey of the condition of the roadway should be carried out.
• On routes with restrictions for heavy vehicles, road signs should be installed to warn drivers about this.
• The norms for axle load depend on the operating instructions of the vehicle.

Maximum dimensions of goods vehicles

The maximum permitted parameters of heavy vehicles are set in the agreement of the CIS countries. According to him:

• The length of the car, trailer and bus should not exceed 12 m, for an articulated bus this parameter is 18 m, and for a road train - 20 m. Lifting platforms, steps, windshield wipers, mirrors are not taken into account in the calculation of the length.
• The width of any vehicle is less than 2.55 m. This does not include lights, stairs and steps, platforms, mirrors, tire pressure indicators.
• The permitted height is 4 m, including the body or container.

Maximum allowable weight for freight transport

The maximum weight of a truck is otherwise called the gross weight and is the sum of the weight of the truck itself and the load.

All heavy vehicles are divided into three categories:

• low-tonnage;
• medium-tonnage;
• large-capacity.

To the class of small-tonnage include small trucks, including the Gazelle, in which the cab and body are on the same carrier frame. They are used, as a rule, in trade for the transportation of small goods over relatively short distances. The mass of such trucks is not more than 3.5 tons, and the carrying capacity, depending on the model, is from 0.5 to 2.5 tons.

They have a weight of more than 12 tons and are used to transport very heavy and bulky goods. They are often included in saddle and trailer road trains.

In addition to the maximum allowable weight of the transported cargo, another parameter is important for checking for overload - the axial load. Since the design of the machines implies a cargo compartment at the rear, the main weight of the cargo falls on the rear axle.

The permissible mass of heavy vehicles is given in Appendix 1, and the permitted axle loads are given in Appendix 2 to Government Decree No. 272. For example, according to this Appendix, a five-axle truck train can weigh no more than 40 tons, and a three-axle vehicle - no more than 24 tons.

For the passage of a vehicle with a total mass of more than 44 tons, you need to issue a special permit, which indicates the route, time of departure and arrival. For a car weighing 80 tons with cargo, the route is made up by traffic police officers.

To avoid the axle overload penalty, a special permission can be used

In order not to pay a fine for overloading, you need to calculate the total mass of the car and the axle load. These two quantities are interconnected by the following relationship: the total mass is equal to the sum of the loads on each of the axles. At the same time, in a two-axle vehicle, the load on the front axle is three times less than on the rear. For trailers, it is distributed evenly on each of the axles. The obtained values ​​​​should be compared with the table from Appendix 2 to Government Decree No. 272.

According to the Federal law, the overload can be no more than 2% of the allowable value.

In the event of an overload, the culprit is subject to administrative liability in accordance with Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. Individual entrepreneurs bear the same responsibility as legal entities.

Penalties for exceeding the permissible mass of a truck are imposed on the driver, the official responsible for transportation, the legal entity and the owner of the vehicle. In case of an overload of more than 50%, the driver loses his license for up to 6 months.

In addition to overloading, fines are imposed in case of:

• deviations from the route sheet;
• indication of false data on the weight of the cargo;
• lack of permission to transport bulky goods;
• exceeding the standard dimensions of the vehicle by 10 cm.

Transportation of goods by road is a popular and rapidly growing business niche in Russia. However, in pursuit of profit, entrepreneurs load their trucks "to the eyeballs", ignoring the rules of the road and the technical capabilities of trucks.

Overloaded truckers severely break the roadbed. An overloaded car “eats” more technical fluids and fuel. And, as already mentioned, the road surface becomes unusable faster. In order to somehow deal with this, the authorities adopted several laws regarding the rules for driving trucks on different types of routes and the amount of fines for violations.

The overload of the car is determined by the load on each axle: rear plus front. In total, it turns out, transmitted through the wheels to the roadbed. Often the rear axle of a car carries more of the load than the front axle.

Since, in fact, only the cab and the power mechanism “presses” on the front axle, while the load falls on the rear axle. In addition, overload wear parts quickly truck, namely:

• saddle lock;
• clutch;
• gearbox;
• brake pads;
• rubber;
• pendants.

Drivers know that there are road signs installed on some stretches of roads and in front of bridges, restricting the passage of vehicles by weight, for example, 3:12. That is, vehicles whose axle load is greater than indicated on the sign cannot move on the bridge or section of the road after this sign.

If the driver violates this rule, he will be subject to a fine, enshrined in the Code of Administrative Offenses, the fifth part of Article 12.21.1. It states that the driver of an overloaded car or truck, with or without a special permit, may be fined for driving on roads or bridges not intended for such weight.

Permissible cargo weight for transport categories "A" and "B"

There are different categories of tracks on which different groups of trucks are allowed to drive. For group “A”, traffic is allowed on highways of categories 1, 2, 3 (ordinary roads that are not high-speed, the number of lanes in one direction can be up to four).

For cars of group "A":

• Between the axles more than two meters - 10 tons.
• Up to two meters - 9 tons.
• Up to one m 65 cm - 8 tons.
• Up to 1 m 35 cm - 7 tons.
• Up to one m - 6 tons.

For group "B" the following standards are established:

1. Between axles more than 2 m - 6 tons.
2. Up to 2 m - 5.7 tons.
3. Up to 1 m 65 cm - 5.5 tons.
4. Up to 1 m 35 cm - 5 tons.
5. Up to 1 m - 4.5 tons.

Penalties for exceeding the norm of axle load

Accordingly, if the weight of the entire car or the axle load exceeds 2, but less than 10 percent, then the driver, the official who allowed the exit, and the legal entity owning the car, face size congestion penalty 1000–1500; 10,000–15 thousand and 100,000–150 thousand rubles, respectively.

If the excess weight is more than 10, but less than 20%, then the penalty for overload will be - 3000-3500; 20000–25000; 200,000–250 thousand rubles. If the mass exceeds the norm by 20, but does not reach 50%, then the fines for overloading a truck will be 4000-5 thousand or deprivation of rights up to 3 months; 30000–40000; for legal entities 300,000–400 thousand rubles.

If the overload on the axles is more than 50%, fines to the driver - 7000-10 thousand or deprivation of rights for up to 6 months; for an official - 45,000-50,000, for a legal entity - 400,000-50 thousand rubles.

If such a violation was recorded using a photo or video, then the amount of the fine will be equal to the upper limit of the fine for the organization that loaded the car. But the carrier also bears responsibility and payment of fines.

Cases of administrative offenses related to overload or excess dimensions, according to the Code of Civil Procedure dealt with by the courts general jurisdiction.

Judicial practice at the moment has already, one might say, formed and the courts fully satisfy the vast majority of claims against shippers or carriers. And appealing the decisions does nothing.

Why are there such high fines for overloading by law? This is a way to avoid even more costs and loss of life, as overloading entails:

• knocking out the roadway (repair costs, accidents due to holes and cracks on the road);
• high chances of accidents when driving on old structures and bridges;
• an increase in braking distance, which increases the likelihood of accidents.

The braking distance becomes longer due to the inertia of the load (the heavier the load, the greater the inertia). And this could be fraught with truck skidding especially in ice or rain. It also matters how well the load is secured.

Because if it moves along the body while driving, it can become causing the truck to overturn and consequently accidents. The driver is responsible for this.

Compliance with the rules for the carriage of goods is monitored by mobile or stationary checkpoints, whose inspectors have the authority to issue a fine and take cars to the impound lot until it is paid.

Items equipped with special scales, which show the load on the axles of the truck and the inspector determines whether there is an overload on the axle or not. Weighing a car can be done in two ways:

• No car stop. Its speed must not exceed 5 km/h. The measurement error can reach 3%, so this method is not often used.
• When the car is stopped. This method gives more accurate results.

If an overload is detected or the dimensions of the cargo exceed the norm, then this will be a violation for the driver have to pay a fine. Even if there is a special permit and, of course, when it is not.

A special permit for heavy, bulky and dangerous goods is issued by the executive authorities or an organization subordinate to them, or by the owner of the road along which the goods follow.

It must be received by the shipper in advance. In the case when obtaining a special permit for travel is mandatory or the driver deviated from the route specified in it, he may also be fined.

In addition, the weight of the shipment must be accurately stated on the bill of lading. If the documents indicate a weight that does not exceed the permissible norms, but in reality an overload is determined, the inspector will draw up a protocol and impose a fine.

And all these troubles go to the driver. Most often, he has to pay for the fact that his superiors did not draw up all the necessary documents properly.

Fines for oversized cargo

There are also rules for the transportation of oversized cargo. Oversized cargo is considered to be cargo that protrudes more than one meter from the back or 10–50 centimeters from each side.

In this case, the load must be decorated with special characters, which are visible during the day and reflective elements or lanterns so that it is visible at night.

This is described in the rules of the road. The Code of Administrative Offenses adds to this that if the dimensions of the cargo are 10-50 cm larger than the norm or more than indicated in the special permit, then the inspector of the checkpoint has the right to issue a fine. The range of fines is the same as above. 1000-400 thousand rubles.

If the amount of the fine is impressive and the driver, of course, cannot pay it, the car will be impounded. And then the shipper will lose time, reputation and possibly a client. Also incur additional losses. the costs of sending another truck to share the cargo: buying fuel, paying a second driver, and you may have to pay a penalty to the client for late delivery of the cargo, if such is provided for in the contract.

Today, a little theory about masses and axial loads.

Until recent events, everyone was familiar with the terms "5-ton", "10-ton" and other "tons" and they were used to indicate the carrying capacity of the car. "Petrovich, we need two 10 tons tomorrow!" - the customer said to the head of the transport department, and it was clear to everyone that for the transportation of a certain cargo, two vehicles with a carrying capacity of at least 10 tons were needed. With the advent of "Platon", the term "12-ton" appeared and it does not mean the carrying capacity at all, but the maximum permitted weight, in relation to the current situation, "12-ton" is any truck whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 12 tons.
The permitted maximum mass is set by the manufacturer and indicated in the PTS - this is the mass of the car + the maximum allowable mass of cargo (passengers). For example, let's say the weight of the vehicle without load is 9 tons, and the maximum permitted weight is 25 tons, which means that the weight of the transported cargo together with the driver, spare wheels, diesel fuel in the tank should not exceed (25-9) 16 tons, in the case of a road train, the parameters are added tractor and semitrailer/trailer. And once again I emphasize your attention, this is set by the manufacturers - in simple words, "We make such cars, you can carry so much cargo on them."
In laws and regulations governing the movement of vehicles and the carriage of goods or passengers on the roads, the term maximum permissible mass or simply maximum mass is used and means the mass of the vehicle with or without cargo. In simple words, "On this road you can drive a truck weighing no more than (some value) and what the manufacturers have determined there is not important to us, no more than what is written on the sign."
The maximum mass is determined by adding the axle loads of the vehicle. Axle load is the mass transmitted through the axle of the vehicle to the road surface. For different roads, axle loads may be different, for different types of vehicles, axle loads may vary (the axle distances, the number of axles in the bogie, the slope and type of suspension affect). In simple words, "You have a 2-axle tractor weighing 8 tons and a 3-axle trailer weighing 7 tons, on this road the maximum allowable weight cannot exceed 38 tons, which means that with the correct location of the load in the trailer, you can transport 38-8-7=23 tons."
If, with the addition of axle loads, the maximum weight exceeds 44 tons, this transportation falls into the category of heavy and requires a special permit, approval of the route by the regulatory authorities and payment of a fee for increased damage to roads.
If the maximum mass of the vehicle is over 80 tons, then a special project must be developed, which may require, for example, the strengthening of bridges on the route.
The issue of masses and loads, of course, is much deeper and it is difficult to cover all aspects in one post, but to understand the main points, I think it will come in handy for you.

Tags: What, masses, allowed, transport, on, roads, rf

If the bus is more than 10 years old, if there is no tachograph or GLONASS system, then children cannot be transported on it ...

heavy transport on the roads of the Russian Federation ... heavy cargo - a vehicle, the mass of which is loaded or unloaded and (or) ... Applications for obtaining permits for the transportation of bulky or ...

To the Road Safety Department of the FDS of Russia (Sorokin S.F.) together with ... in the Russian Federation on public roads, ... on roads only with special permits, ... A trailer is a vehicle intended for transportation ...

about the killers of our roads - multi-ton dump trucks with an axle load exceeding the norm

These are heavy mining dump trucks HOWO, SHACMAN, MAN, SCANIA and others… Every day THEY drive past us, huge trucks loaded with asphalt, gravel and sand. Why do they drive around the country with a terrible overload, and no one seriously reacts? Those who need it know, but do you know that the weight of many reaches 50 tons or more? And this is on three axes! Along with cargo, of course.
This "Chinese" has 21 cubic meters of sand, which is 50 tons of total weight. The load on one axle reaches up to 20 tons (with the permitted 8 tons on federal roads, and 6 tons per axle on local, regional). True, a 10-ton KamAZ hardly fits into these standards, but it is all the more clearly clear how neglected everything is. Indeed, earlier (in the USSR) they knew how to calculate the correct loads, and for some reason did not make huge dump trucks for common roads (although there were technologies and opportunities!) And in Europe, the operation of such equipment is prohibited.
I saw the asphalt wave under the tires of huge Chinese (and not only) mining "scoops", I saw how in a matter of weeks a good section of the road was hopelessly destroyed, along which heavy dump trucks had recently begun to carry loads. I often saw how heavy dump trucks carried asphalt for paving. Dump trucks of 18 cubic meters loaded them to the maximum, with a serious “slide”, and if we consider that the weight of a cubic meter of asphalt concrete mixture can reach 2.5 tons, we get that the load of these trucks was in the region of 40-45 tons.
Plus, the weight of the machine itself is somewhere around 13-14 tons. We get that the total weight will be in the range of 50-55 tons. The maximum weight limit of a three-axle vehicle with a load must not exceed 24 tons.
The road surface in many places simply collapsed under monstrous overloads, deep potholes, extensive cracked sections almost along the entire length of the route of these, I will not be afraid of this comparison of "saboteurs". There were many areas where it became simply unsafe for life to drive, without any exaggeration. And how many punctured wheels and suspensions ... Taken off the road or into the oncoming lane due to the wavy profile of the asphalt.
[..]
There is serious responsibility for this serious nationwide violation of the law:
12.211 part 3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
Transportation of heavy cargo exceeding the permitted maximum mass or axle load specified in the special permit by more than 5% (percent)
for a driver from 1,500 to 2,000 rubles, for officials from 10,000 to 15,000 rubles, for legal entities from 250,000 to 400,000 rubles.
[..]
I heard on the radio the other day that one overloaded dump truck causes damage to roads in the amount of 600,000 (six hundred thousand) rubles a month, this is really hundreds of billions of losses to the state per year from thousands of heavy dump trucks ...
from here
One often sees on the streets of Samara Chinese dump trucks with sand with MOSCOW license plates. That is, they were specially brought from Moscow to save on gasoline (and kill our roads).
But for some reason, no one thinks that this is harmful to our roads ..

Tags: samara, construction

Transportation of heavy cargo by road...

This is a load, the mass of which, taking into account the mass of the vehicle, exceeds ... All transportation on the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out under ... permits and monetary compensation for damage caused to roads, ...

Penalty for overloading the car along the axles in 2019

The mass of the load on the rear axle of the car, as a rule, is greater than on ... the operation of which is allowed on roads of category I-III, and to group "B" ... as well as the rules for their transportation were approved by the Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation ...