On car exhibitions there are always a lot of prototypes. It takes a lot of time to create a new car, and even more time to eliminate errors and inaccuracies. Only a small part of new creations reaches the assembly line. Most of the cars remain only in the drawings or are produced in the amount of one unit. USSR
Many cars with familiar contours are still roaming the roads of Russia and many countries. These were production models. And VAZ, after its creation, prepared a number of new models.
VAZ E1101 Experienced "1970 
Who knows what it could be - an alternative to the Niva or a parallel model that one could buy?
Or VAZ 2103 "Universal" Experienced "1976 
Well, it turned out that there were "Zhiguli VAZ2102 and VAZ2104". The serial trio failed to be a "station wagon".
VAZ 2105 "Zhiguli" Experienced "1976 
VAZ 2107 Modernized Experimental "1986 
VAZ E2122 "1976 
VAZ-Porsche 2103 Prototype "1976 
VAZ 2802-01 "Pony" Experienced "1980 
But as you know, the Zhiguli family was serially small in terms of nomenclature for many years. And if such models would go on the conveyor in 70-80 years?
AZLK also tried to expand its range. And many designs were created that did not reach the series.
MZMA 401E-424E "Moskvich" Experienced "1949 
MZMA "Moskvich" A9 Prototype 1957 
Minibus "Moskvich".
A nine-seater minibus, designed by I. A. Gladilin and V. I. Evlampov, according to the modern classification, would be considered a category B car, that is, a passenger car.
The experimental machine was equipped with a non-serial Moskvich-407 engine and an experimental four-speed gearbox gears. They used components and parts, in particular the rear axle from the Moskvich-410. They also made two cargo van bodies, but these Moskvich-FVG cars were never assembled. Work on the minibus was stopped due to the lack of space at the plant for its production.
MZMA 444 "Moskvich" Prototype "1958. 
Subsequently, all design and technological documentation for the Soviet Fiat was transferred to the Kommunar ZAZ plant.
AZLK "Moskvich 408 Tourist" 1964 
AZLK 2150 "Moskvich" Experienced "1972. 
AZLK 3-5-5 Experienced 1972 
In this "Moskvich", in the back, the forms of the BMW-3 series are guessed.
Nice and modern for the time model. As usual, production is delayed with us, then it is frozen, and such beautiful models become the property of history and gather dust in car museums of factories.
AZLK Moskvich-S1 Prototype "1974 
Looks very dynamic and cheerful. Especially for 1974.
AZLK 3-5-6 Experienced 1975 
AZLK Moskvich S-3 Prototype 1976. 
This could be "Moskvich -2141", if the copying of "Simca" had not gone.
And this is a long-cherished idea of a city taxi by designer Yuri Aaronovich Dolmatovsky. For a long time nothing was known about the fate of the prototype itself: after it was forgotten, it ended up on the historical exposition of the 19th Moscow taxi fleet, where it was looked at only by production leaders, delegations from other cities. Now it is exhibited in the museum. Its bulky steel frame is lined with fiberglass panels. There are four in the cabin seats. Entrance and exit through one side sliding door on the right side.
Experimental taxi VNIITE-PT. 1964 
IMZ-NAMI-450 Belka 1956 
In 1956, NAMI, together with the Irbit Motorcycle Plant, developed the IMZ-NAMI-A50 Belka minicar. The rear-engined car with a length of only 3.3 meters was distinguished by an unusual “carriage” layout for that time.
To access the driver's seat and front passenger the front part of the body leaned forward, and for landing on backseat served as a large side door on the starboard side. Other features include independent suspension on miniature 10-inch wheels, hydraulic brake and clutch drives, a twin motorcycle engine air cooling IMZ-M-72 Belka never went into production, and the prototypes were destroyed.
ZIL E169A 1964. 
An experienced cabover vehicle, conceived as an alternative to the ZIL 130.
GAZ 18. 2 units produced. 
GAZ M-73 Experienced 1955 
GAZ 56 Prototype 1st series 1956 
GAZ 53A Experienced 1972 
GAZ 3101 "Volga" Experimental 1975 
The contours of the car are reminiscent of "Mercedes - series 200".
But the Volga had a special fate. The shape of the trunk, the contours of the front changed, but the base - the cabin in all models was the same.
GAZ 3105 "Volga" Experimental "1987–92 
USA
Building a car is hard work. But what attracts a potential buyer in the first place? Especially in countries with a well-developed automotive industry. For example USA. The car cannot be on the assembly line for a long time. Need to rotate models. And what will be put in the series tomorrow? What will attract the consumer?
Designers and designers were working on this, trying to "look" a little ahead. That is, to create, if not the car of the future, then at least tomorrow.
A large number of manufacturers in the United States created favorable conditions for healthy competition in the work of designers.
Cars coming period seemed to them as unusual with rocket-aircraft forms (this aero style lasted a very long time in the USA and in many countries).
And its origins appeared in the late 40s. The fashion for victorious bodies with heavy lines and massive decor was already coming to an end.
Tucker Torpedo 1948 
The impetus for the development of new lines and forms was the approach of the 60s. Century jet technology, the beginning of space exploration. A sharp leap in technology. The future seemed to be near. And everyone wanted to get into this future.
New cars acquired swiftness, craving for speed and futurism.
Many developments were created in a single copy. But such is the fate of prototypes, concept cars. Many of these vehicles are varying degrees were used later, in the nodes of other machines, their design.
1953 Cadillac Le Mans 
Oldsmobile 
1953 GM Futureliner 
1954 Pontiac Bonneville Special Motorama 
1954 GM XP 21 Firebird I with gas turbine engine. 
1954 GM XP 21 passenger variant of the Firebird II based on the Firebird I 
1954 Oldsmobile F88 
1955 Chevrolet Biscayne 
1955 Ford Mystere 
1955 Cadillac LaSalle II coupe 
1962 Ford Seattle 
1969 Buick Century Cruiser 
1963 Ford Allegro Coupe Concept 
1968 Dodge Charger III 
1962 Corvair Monza GT 
1956 Pontiac Club de Mer 
1965 Cadillac 840 Eldorado 
Here are cars produced in Russia in one copy or in small quantities.
(15 photos).
The Russian government still allowed the French automaker Renault to buy out 50% +1 share of AvtoVAZ. Now many fellow citizens hope that the quality of domestic cars will increase, and price range Will not change.
But for now, the bottom line is, we offer you to get acquainted with those rare VAZ cars, which, unfortunately, will never be launched in mass production. For some of the models presented in this selection, Nissan computer diagnostics were used, which in turn influenced the launch of mass production. Now these "dinosaurs" of the domestic auto industry are stored in the garages of collectors.
1. VAZ 1152 "Elf" Electro, 1995.
Also, there was a VAZ 1151 "Gnome" in 1992. These were only export options.
2. Amadeo-500, 1994
Amadeo-500 is the first Russian limousine, the second was made from a dozen.
3. VAZ Lada Roadster Concept, 2000.
4. VAZ 1101 Experienced, 1970.
5. VAZ "X" Experienced, 1990.
Experimental sample of a 7-seater minivan
6. VAZ Lada C Concept, 2007.
7. VAZ 210934 "Tarzan-1", 1997.
8. VAZ 2151 Classic, 2002. There is a similarity with the Ford Fusion.
9. VAZ 2107 Modernized Experimental, 1982.
10. VAZ 1801 "Pony" Experienced, 1979.
11. Lada Samara Baltic (Eurosamara 21093-22), 1996-1998.
One of the reasons for the current deplorable state of the automotive industry in Russia is the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was in the 1980s automotive industry states could give odds to anyone. And with the proper continuation of development, companies could today demonstrate much more than well-known German or Japanese concerns. By the time the great country collapsed, many concepts had been developed, which were subsequently frozen. Interestingly, some of them still look attractive to this day. Many unusual and beautiful concepts were already after the collapse of the Union, but for one reason or another, the cars did not go into series. Today we offer to look at the power domestic auto industry, which did not enter mass production and did not become a cult product in sales, as was previously expected.
It turns out that the VAZ, UAZ, Moskvich and GAZ concerns had an incredible amount of such new products. And today the lineup the same UAZ is definitely not the best of all the proposed options. You might not even hear about the new products that were previously offered by company engineers, tested and produced in the form of prototypes. But these cars could well become iconic and sell hundreds of thousands of copies. Today, the history of cars that did not go into mass production turns out to be amazing. It is difficult to imagine how much the climate of domestic transport manufacturers would change if all the successful concepts were implemented. Let's look at some of them.
ZIL 4102 - a prototype of a cool sedan in 1989
The times were hard, but the ZIL corporation worked in full force, releasing cars for commercial purposes, as well as updating the line of so-called "memberships". The term, although not unambiguous, but it comes from the title "member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", and not from other variations of this word.
ZIL 4102 was conceived as such a "member carrier", but in fact the car would have turned out to be an excellent Mercedes competitor of those times. And if the corporation had taken up production in a series, then in the 1990s, new Russians would not have bought Mercedes, chasing this representative of the domestic auto industry. But on the project, everything died out.
Volga - GAZ 3111 with an attempt to improve the situation
Another failed project was the renewal of the Volga, which in the 1990s was already experiencing incredible sales difficulties. GAZ Corporation was actively working and had several prototypes to replace the old car model. GAZ 3111 is the most real contender for the production of a car in a series. This car offered the following features:
- a significantly modified body, the design of the car received major changes that could lead the machine to success;
- new ZMZ engine with direct injection was also to develop into a diesel project for a passenger car;
- also promised the production of cars with front and all-wheel drive, which would become even more popular in Russia;
- little has changed drastically in the cabin, so talking about a potential huge success was too different.
In 1998, the project even went into series, starting into production in small quantities. The trial batch started selling at a huge price, and the reputation of GAZ at that time was not too predictable. Like these ones unusual features could be seen in the GAZ prototype, which was ruined by excessive cost and lack of popular interest.
Moskvich 2141 - the end of the life of the Moscow car brand
In the late 1990s, the Moscow Automobile Plant had to either make a revolution or simply leave the market forever. It happened, as we understand it, the second, but this was preceded by a good attempt to create a more presentable car than you might imagine. This is Moskvich 2141.
The corporation has created a very decent technique with good features and a good idea. In the long version, the machine even got a version with all-wheel drive. But the problem is that the prototypes were assembled from defective parts, and the quality of production has already suffered greatly. It was the last thing the legendary Muscovite was capable of.
GAZ 3106 - crossover or SUV?
In 2004, the release of a large GAZ 3106 crossover with excellent design and good aggregates under the hood. The company worked on the machine in 1999, invested very serious money in it, but did not get the desired exhaust. The problem turned out to be simple - the lack of normal mathematics at the plant.
5 years of exhibitions and improvements led to the fact that in 2004 the corporation announced the release and sale of the GAZ 3106 at a price of $12,000. And in 2005, after the presentation of a couple of prototypes in car dealerships, the project was covered up. However, with more corporate pressure, this project could achieve some success.
UAZ Simba (3165) - a project for every Russian
If at one time Simba had been on the conveyor instead of the Patriot, the financial problems of the UAZ plant would have been resolved for many years. Not only experts think so, but also Russian motorists. Simba is a beautiful concept that comes in the form of a van, truck and van. The machine had the following features:
- injection engines already in 1999, modern technical base with a certain degree of reliability and endurance;
- just a unique and versatile body shape with huge practical advantages over rivals;
- quite up-to-date design, as for those times, a very well-made interior with a well-thought-out layout;
- the cargo capabilities of the van were simply incredible, it is universal and very necessary on Russian market machine even today.
But the problem turned out to be tritely simple - the plant with its minimum turnover simply did not pull the project. For 4 years, the company took prototypes to exhibitions, talked about promises and certain modifications, and then in 2003 the project was closed until better times. It seems that even today a slightly turned Simba would be in place in the market.
Lada GTi 2.0 - a revolution at AvtoVAZ
We need crossovers, and Russian factories produce only dubious quality sedans. AvtoVAZ boldly answered this statement in 2000, making an almost real SUV out of the VAZ 2111. Lada GTi 2.0, as the name implies, had a 2-liter power unit from Opel and an excellent gearbox, as well as a number of other design changes.
In the cabin, almost nothing was touched, but a lot has changed in the running parts. Because of this, the course of the car has improved, the clearance has risen. There was a plastic protection, standard for an urban crossover. Alloy wheels looked very confident. But the project turned out to be too expensive and was forced to go down in history without becoming a series.
VAZ 2151 - another failed Zhigul
Another extremely exciting project- station wagon VAZ 2151. It was supposed to replace the "Four" and become a new cult embodiment of the classics. The attractive appearance was created in 2002 without the sale of the majority of the plant's shares to foreign investors. And this demonstrates the ability of the corporation to make certain bold decisions.
The machine was much more modern than Classics, became the hope of the company, but a year after the start of active work with the car, the plant experienced the largest crisis in history, and the issue of the production of VAZ 2151 remained unresolved. To this day, the concept remains a rather attractive continuation of the VAZ line.
Oka-2 - planned for release in 2003
Already a decade and a half ago, the same AvtoVAZ developed a wonderful continuation of the very popular city baby Oka. Then the car received not only fruitless plans on paper, but a real concept that had a great ride on exhibitions. On the new generation of the Eye, one could find the following features:
- the 0.75 liter engine had 33 forces, but this was quite enough for urban movement;
- fuel consumption was incredibly pleasing, it is practically a motorcycle with the ability to hide from rain and snow;
- the appearance of the machine was fine-tuned, the car received a beautiful interior, suitable for the time;
- nice machine has found a decent suspension, which stopped rolling the driver and passengers as if on a heater.
But the problem is that this concept also came at a time of crisis. At first, the Oka-2 was postponed for a year or two, and then simply put in the archive, where the model is to this day. However, the machine quite possibly became one of the prototypes of the design of the Kalina family.
GAZ 3115 - one of the last experiments of Gorky
On Gorky plant in the period from the early 1990s to the early 2000s, more money was spent on projects and concepts than on the actual production of cars. GAZ 3115 is another replacement for the outdated 3110, which was similar in appearance to Chrysler, and also received many new technical details.
For example, the concept used fully independent suspension, disc brakes, copyright alloy wheels. Many details have received a real improvement, including a significantly improved interior. But the model was too expensive, so the company put into production a slightly redesigned Chrysler and cost little.
UAZ 3170 - a promising SUV without a future
Automobiles of the UAZ corporation received simply incredible opportunities to develop in the late 1980s. Then there was funding, sorted out models and options for using funds. But today, unfortunately, we only have to remember the past glory. UAZ 3170 in the form of a prototype of the late 80s resembles the Pajero from Mitsubishi, which appeared a little later.
From this we can conclude that Russian engineers and designers had a chance to anticipate the development of SUVs in Russia and get a real increase in production capacity and sales. But the well-known event of the early 1990s killed this prospect.
We offer you to watch fragments of tests of this line on the following video:
Summing up
There are thousands of beautiful concept cars around the world that seem ideal solution for the buyer. But in fact, many external factors affect the release and mass production of the vehicle. There are dozens of features that should be considered in this sense. Each plant has its own difficulties in the manufacture of vehicles. Production budgets are huge, so each model goes through many stages of testing and planning. Otherwise, the economic existence of the company will be impossible by definition.
Therefore, many visually beautiful concepts do not find their potential buyer. Sometimes corporations do not dare to launch bold projects, the potential sale of which is very difficult to determine. Only today, AvtoVAZ is starting to actively launch new cars in series, while other concerns have begun assembly lines for many European, Japanese and Korean companies. Such a fate is clearly not conducive to development domestic production cars. And what cars that have not been sent to the series seem to you the most promising?
We all love our auto industry very much, we don’t have a soul in it. But at the same time, many of us are not aware of the opportunities that Soviet engineers and designers were endowed with. And the possibilities were almost limitless.
Here I have compiled a list of rare, unique and simply unusual Soviet cars which you will never see with your own eyes.
I am proud of the Soviet engineers and resent the Soviet officials, who spoiled a lot of promising developments.
And what technological backlog was lost as a result of Perestroika is simply incomprehensible to the mind.
I promise it will be interesting.
Let's start with government projects in the automotive industry.
PROTOTYPES
GAZ-62 - our answer to the Americans
GAZ-62 (1952) - a prototype of an army off-road vehicle, created to replace the Dodge 3/4, which had proven itself in the army during the war (which was supplied to the USSR under lend-lease).
The car had dimensions 5000x2100x1800 mm and a wheelbase of 2850 mm, was designed to carry 12 people or 1200 kg of cargo, the maximum speed of the all-terrain vehicle was 85 km / h. A 6-cylinder 76-horsepower engine was used as a power unit.
A number of progressive solutions for that time were used in the design of this car: to prevent the ingress of water, dirt and sand, the drum wheel brakes were sealed, rubber pads in the seals of the springs reduced the amount of maintenance. The all-terrain vehicle was distinguished by comfort: there was a powerful heater with a windshield blower, and rear springs possessed variable stiffness providing a high level of smoothness.
In addition to the main passenger version, a cargo modification of the car was also developed - GAZ-62A with an enlarged body and horizontal arrangement spare wheel.
GAZ-62 passed all the necessary tests and in 1958 was demonstrated as perspective model Gorky Automobile Plant at the All-Union Industrial Exhibition in Moscow (later - VDNH), but for unknown reasons it was not put into production.
ZIS-E134 layout No. 1
In the summer of 1954, the newly formed VMS ZIS, which initially numbered only 20 people, was given the task of creating a fundamentally new medium multi-purpose four-axle (8 × 8) ultra-high cross-country vehicle (aka high-speed artillery tractor ATK-6) with a carrying capacity of 5-6 tons.
Since there was no experience in developing such machines, to study the issues of increasing cross-country ability wheeled vehicles, as well as to assess the influence of individual design parameters on the patency during July-August 1955, an experimental four-axle (8 × 8) truck ZIS-E134 layout No. 1 was built.
Experienced ZIL-E134 proved its worth. Practically not inferior to the caterpillar tractor in terms of cross-country ability and traction, it had a number of significant advantages - higher speed on the highway and a running gear resource, cheaper operation. The tests carried out made it possible to identify the directions further research. Both the developer and the customer wanted to see a more advanced machine. According to the requirements of the military, its carrying capacity was to be at least 6 tons, the weight of the towed gun doubled. Nevertheless, the invaluable experience gained in the design, construction and testing of the ZIL-E134 layout No. 1 gave confidence in the successful completion of the new task at a high technical level.
ZIS-E134 layout No. 2
In order to determine the parameters and constructive solutions on April 9, 1956, a prototype 8 × 8 ZIS-E134 layout No. 2 was built. It differed from its predecessor in a displacement body, the absence of an elastic wheel suspension (based on the experience of testing the ZIS-E134 model No. 1), the presence of a water cannon (not installed immediately) with a swivel nozzle that performs the functions of a water rudder. Working wheel the water cannon was borrowed from the PT-76 tank. In terms of the power plant, transmission, propulsion and control system, the new machine did not differ from the ZIS-E134 layout No. 1.
MAZ-505
MAZ-505 (1962) - experienced four wheel drive truck with an onboard platform, created for the army. This model did not go into mass production, most likely giving way to another novelty of those years - the GAZ-66.
ZIL-132R - super truck for the agricultural industry
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The machine, created under the leadership of the chief designer A. I. Filippov in the department of the chief designer of the ZIL, headed by V. A. Grachev, had a number of interesting features. The chassis had a uniform placement of three (2100 + 2100 mm) axles along the base, the power unit (ZIL-130 engine, boosted to 165 hp) with a clutch and gearbox was located between the first and second axles, and a fiberglass cabin with steel doors - in front of the engine. The transmission was carried out according to the n-shaped scheme, that is, with on-board distribution of the power flow so that the wheels of each side had a rigid (non-differential) kinematic connection with each other. The double-disk clutch was supplied with a hydraulic drive, and a mechanical 5-speed gearbox - remote control. Cylindrical side differential transfer box equipped with a locking mechanism. A power take-off mechanism with a hydraulic pump was mounted on the gearbox to drive a tipper body or fertilizer application equipment.
The change in direction of movement was provided by turning the front and rear steered wheels due to hydraulic system no rigid connection between front and rear controlled axles. Tires 16.00–20 with a diameter of about 1400 mm were installed on the car, which, in combination with an independent suspension, provided ground clearance from 480 to 590 mm, centralized system air pressure control in tires and ventilated disc brakes with dual-circuit hydraulic drive, which were not located in the wheel hubs, but on the final drives of the front and rear steered wheels. Among the serial trucks ZIL-132 R at that time there was no equal. Moreover, the cross-country performance of the car was so high that it freely competed, and in many cases surpassed caterpillar tractors used in the countryside.
But the car was built in a single copy.
ZIL-E167 - snowmobile off-road
ZiL-E167 (1963) is an experimental off-road wheeled all-terrain vehicle designed for use in complete off-road under adverse climatic conditions. The machine was created using components and assemblies from the 135L chassis, which was practically ready by that time, the frame of which was additionally reinforced.
The super all-terrain vehicle was driven by two ZIL-375 engines of 118 hp each. each, the power was transmitted according to the onboard circuit. The engines were located at the rear, for better cooling air intakes were provided on the sides of the body. Huge wheels, shod in tires with a dimension of 21.00-28 and a diameter of 1790 mm on unique fiberglass (!) Prefabricated disks with metal elements, weighed almost three times less than their metal counterparts. The ground clearance of the car with these wheels was 852 mm, the bottom was covered with steel sheets to protect the units and better glide through snow and mud.
The cabin of the driver and passengers was also made of fiberglass; longitudinal seats were installed in the cabin. The cabin, borrowed from the ZIL-135L, and the interior were heated by independent heaters. Among other things, a winch with a pulling force of 7 tons was installed on the machine.
Suspension corresponded to that of 135L, drum brakes were actuated by a hydropneumatic system. During the tests, the car proved to be excellent, maximum speed in winter on the highway it was 75 km/h, on virgin snow 10 km/h. However, the all-terrain vehicle did not go into series, because due to the complexity of the transmission design, it was inferior in terms of maintainability to the GT-1 tracked tractor.
ZIL-49061
ZIL-49061 is a three-axle all-wheel drive floating vehicle based on the ZIL-4906 all-terrain vehicle. It is part of the search and rescue complex "Blue Bird".
These amphibians were equipped with ZIL-131 engines with mechanical boxes gear; applied independent suspension all wheels, two propellers; the front and rear wheels were made steerable, and the connection between the two was provided by a hydrostatic servo drive, due to which the turn rear wheels begins after turning the front ones at an angle greater than 6 °. It was a very unusual decision brake mechanisms: they are disc, but they were not placed in the wheels, but in the body of the car.
The machines of the 490 complex have successfully passed the tests and have been mass-produced for many years. These "Blue Birds" are still serving in the Military Space Forces. There is no replacement for them. Two 4906s were sent to Germany during the floods that swept over it in the summer of 2002, where they were used very effectively to evacuate residents from flooded areas. In Europe, there was nothing like it, which caused the Germans a feeling of admiration and outright envy.
In addition, the Blue Bird complex included ZIL-2906.
ZIL-2906 is a rotary auger snow and swamp vehicle carried on a cargo ZIL-4906. After the improvement, he received the index 29061.
The swamp vehicle was equipped with two VAZ rotary piston engines with an onboard transmission scheme, the body and augers were made of aluminum alloy, and the cabin was made of fiberglass.
To this day, no other country in the world has such a unique complex, which, thanks to the ZIL-29061, has almost absolute all-terrain capability.
ZIL-4904
The auger snow and swamp all-terrain vehicle ZIL-4904 was built in 1972 and is the largest in the world. Payload - 2.5 tons. However, he developed a very low speed - 10.1 km / h on the water, 7.3 km / h in the swamp, 4.45 km / h on the rafting, 10.5 km / h on the snow.
Lightweight hollow or filled with a polymer (for example, foam) augers allow the machine to float on water, cross such dead places where any wheel and tracked vehicles. However, since the augers are made of a hard material, usually non-ferrous metals, an auger-rotary all-terrain vehicle is completely unsuitable for paved roads. On asphalt, concrete and even rubble, such a car will have to be transported on a tow truck.
VAZ-E2121 "Crocodile" - early prototype the legendary Niva
VAZ-E2121 "Crocodile" (1971) - an early prototype of the experimental VAZ-2121, with a frame and open body, switchable front and rear axles. IN further design The car was almost completely changed, only two prototypes of this model were produced.
AZLK-2150 - a prototype of the off-road Moskvich
AZLK-2150 is a light SUV from AZLK, created in the USSR in 1973, as part of a project to create a compact comfortable SUV. The aggregate part of the prototype was unified with the M-2140 model, which was planned for production at that time. In total, two prototypes of the M-2150 were created with canvas and hard tops.
The Moscow SUV turned out to be different in concept from the Niva, closer to the "classic" SUVs - with a separate spar frame, continuous axles and stiff springs. In the competition of three plants (at AvtoVAZ - the future VAZ-2121 Niva, and at IZH-mash - Izh-14), AvtoVAZ won, having managed to create the most comfortable and competitive on the world market, although less "off-road" design.
The military department became interested in the M-2150 prototype, formally an order was received from the Ministry of Defense for the production of 60 thousand vehicles per year at a plant in the city of Kineshma, but the matter never came to production.
VAZ-E2122 - army SUV from Tolyatti
VAZ-E2122 (1976) - the first version of an experimental, floating off-road vehicle, developed by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense (initially, the project was created on the plant's own initiative). The machine was designed using components and assemblies civil car VAZ-2121 Niva, which was being prepared for production at the same time.
The E2122 differed from its counterparts primarily in its original design, which did not give out an amphibian in it, small size and maneuverability (for example, the turning radius on water and land was practically the same). The sealed body allowed the car to move through the water at a speed of 4.5 km / h by rotating the wheels. 1.6 liter engine, permanent four-wheel drive, contributed to the good maneuverability of the car (on land and on water), which was not at all inferior to the "old man" UAZ-469. From UAZ (for the purpose of unification), the prototype got a winch and a tow bar, at the request of the military, the bumpers were made as flat as possible, with lights recessed into them so that a car stuck in front could be pushed, the windshield and side door frames folded. In addition, the "jeep" was equipped with two gas tanks, and the body structure provided for the installation of a stretcher.
On the first version of the car, the awning did not have side windows, but during the tests it became clear that rear visibility was sorely lacking and they were included in the design. However, the tightness of the body had a bad effect temperature regime the work of the "Nivovsky" units, as a result of which they quickly failed, the light body could not withstand serious loads. But the customers still liked the prototype, it was decided to continue work and design the second version of the jeep.
VAZ-2E2122 - the second version of the floating jeep
VAZ-2E2122 (1977) - the second version of the floating SUV for the army, created on the basis of the E2122 prototype. On this prototype, the VAZ designers tried to take into account all the wishes of the military department and get rid of the shortcomings of the first version: overheating of the engine and transmission, breakdowns in the exhaust system, poor visibility, and also work out several other important points, like the ability to start at low temperatures.
UAZ-452K - triaxial loaf
UAZ-452K (1973) - an experimental sixteen-seater bus with a 6x4 wheel arrangement. Based on this bus, Medea resuscitation vehicles were developed for the needs of Georgian mine rescuers. There was also a variant with a 6x6 wheel formula, later in Georgia a small-scale production of reanimobiles was established from 1989 to 1994, approximately 50 units per year.
But this project was not buried - the car was produced from 1989 to 1994 by the Vezdekhod cooperative from the Georgian city of Bolnisi.
ZIL-4102 - the prototype of the last "membership"
ZIL-4102 is a promising limousine that was supposed to replace the outdated five-seater ZIL-41041 sedan. In 1988, the sixth ZIL workshop produced two prototypes of the car. Fundamental difference new model from others Soviet limousines was the lack of a frame, in connection with this, the designers of ZIL had to do a lot of work to reduce vibration load-bearing body. The new sedan was half a meter longer than the Volga, and weighed half a ton less than the ZIL-41041. Roof and floor panels, trunk lid, hood and bumpers were made of fiberglass.
NAMI-0284 "Debut" (1987)
A car - a concept car, as they wrote then, "a particularly small class", was built with the prospect of using some solutions for stock car ZAZ.
The original body was good aerodynamics(coefficient drag Cx - 0.23). The Oka engines (VAZ-1111 and VAZ-11113) were installed on the car, and the MeMZ-245 was installed on a later version with a slightly modified finish ("Debut-II"). They also planned to test a car with turbocharged VAZ-11113 and MeMZ engines with a 16-valve block head. "Debut" was equipped with an electrovacuum clutch, a cruise control system.
AZLK 2142 "Moskvich" - an experienced sedan
AZLK 2142 "Moskvich" (1990-96) is an experimental sedan created on the basis of AZLK-2141 and presented to the general public in 1990. The car was fully tested and practically ready for production, it was planned to send the car to the conveyor already in 1992, equipping it with a new Moskvich-414 engine.
After the collapse of the USSR, the death of the then general director of AZLK V.P. Kolomnikov, these plans were not destined to come true, but with various engines the prototype was assembled for several more years. Moreover, a car that did not actually exist later served as the basis for the small-scale models "Prince Vladimir" and "Ivan Kalita" produced in small batches.
Project "Istra"
AZLK-2144, "Istra" - experienced car AZLK plant, created in the mid-late 1980s. It was made in a single copy around 1985-88, never mass-produced.
Distinguished by a whole range unique solutions, including - duralumin body without central pillar; two wide side doors opening vertically upwards; diesel, rapeseed oil powered; night vision device and indication of instrument readings on windshield; unique automatic transmission.
Istra was ahead of its time in many ways. At that time, this machine was much superior to its predecessors.
The only model sample, previously kept in the AZLK museum, is now in the museum on Rogozhsky Val in Moscow.
UAZ-3170 Simbir
In 1975, at UAZ, under the chief designer Startsev, development began, and in 1980 a demonstration model of the UAZ-3170 Simbir "general purpose off-road vehicle" was released. The car had a ground clearance of 325 mm and a height of 1960 mm - both parameters differed from the "469th" (215 and 2050 mm). The suspension was dependent spring.
Alexander Sergeevich Shabanov was the lead designer of the GAK theme and the head of the test group. Military samples of the machine were tested and protected by the project in the Moscow Region in 1982-1983.
Subsequently, according to the results, the second version of Simbir was born - UAZ-3171 (1985-1987).
Simbir 1990 army
Simbir 1990 civil
NAMI-LuAZ "Proto" - the ghost of a Russian country road
NAMI-LuAZ "Proto" (1989) - a prototype created in the Leningrad branch of NAMI as part of a competition announced by the Ministry of Autoselkhozmash, a team of designers and designers led by G. Khainov. The body was a metal frame, on which plastic panels were hung, which simplified repairs, improved the performance of the car.
The MeMZ-245 engine from Tavria was used as a power plant, the transmission was developed almost anew: a non-switchable cardan gear, a gearbox that drives and a plug-in front axle (without a transfer case). Gearbox, power take-off on front-wheel drive, front main gear were collected in one block. Front suspension independent (McPherson), rear dependent (De Dion). The motor, along with the front suspension and radiator, was mounted on a removable subframe, which facilitated the repair and assembly of the car.
Salon "Proto" is designed for four passengers, the seats have been transformed, forming a single bed. The rear part of the roof was removed, it was possible to install an awning.
In parallel with Proto, LuAZ developed its own version as part of the competition future car which had significant differences.
LuAZ 1301 (1984/88/94) is a prototype of a light SUV, which was supposed to replace the outdated 969M model on the conveyor. The first version of the car was designed back in 1984 and was the same 969M with a new body. The 1988 prototype was different frame-panel body(steel frame and plastic panels), pneumatic elements in independent spring suspension, allowing you to change the ground clearance. The upgraded MeMZ-245 engine from Tavria was used as a power plant.
The drive of all wheels is permanent, the transmission had a lockable center differential. The roof and sidewalls were removed, making it easy to convert a jeep into a pickup truck, and a soft top version was also planned. The rear door of the car was made of two sections - upper and lower, spare wheel and a set of tools were placed in niches under the front seats, thus completely freeing the luggage compartment.
But for unknown reasons, not a single version of the machine was chosen, and a year later it was completely out of time for prototypes.
MAZ 2000 "Perestroika"
Brilliant title. Well, it just delivers wildly.
MAZ 2000 "Perestroika" (1988) - a prototype of the main truck, which was distinguished by its original modular design: most of the units were located in front - the engine, gearbox, drive axle and steering. If necessary, any of the "passive" bogies was replaced by a similar set of units, allowing you to build road trains of any length and carrying capacity.
It was the first Soviet car designed specifically for truckers. In the autumn of 1988, on Paris Motor Show this design was highly praised, but the prototype never made it into production, for obvious reasons.
The wrong country was called Honduras.
Of course, this is not the whole list. There were still a lot of interesting projects that remained in single copies. And even in the form of drawings.
Why were these projects not implemented? There are reasons for that. Soviet system again was imperfect, often it gave rise to brilliant projects and revolutionary ideas but immediately killed them.
What happened in our time with many of these exhibits?
HOME-MADE CARS
Why not? If you have a technical education, cooks a bowler hat, and claws do not grow from your ass - so why not build your own car?
In the USSR it was quite possible.
In the 1960s, the well-known magazine Tekhnika-molodezhi led the movement of amateur automotive industry in the USSR. For 20 years, on the pages of the magazine, on TV screens, during many car runs around the country, the eyes of millions of readers and viewers have appeared dozens self-made cars. A huge thing in the popularization of the amateur car industry in the 80s was the transfer "You Can Do It" (computer), which enjoyed popular attention. For each 45-minute broadcast, television received up to half a million letters (!!!).
Of all the projects of that time, I selected the most interesting ones.
"Pangolina"
Like the first products of Ford and Benz, the legend of the Soviet author's automotive industry - "Pangolina", was designed and built by almost one person. Alexander Kulygin. Unlike the amusing “Shelf” or “Ant”, Kulygin’s “Pangolin” was a full-fledged car, created by an experienced and talented designer.
The main structural material of the body was fiberglass. Work on the creation of the Pangolin body began with the formation of a master model - a plywood base for fiberglass. The main operations were carried out in Moscow. After Kulygin left for Ukhta, the master model was destroyed. The process of adapting the body to the chassis of the VAZ penny took place in the city of Ukhta. The original engine from the VAZ 2101 was used as the engine - a forced alternative to the planned boxer engine, which never appeared in final version"Pangolins".
Connoisseurs claimed that Kulygin's inspiration was Lamborghini sports car Countach. This is indicated by the shape of the body and the original design of the mechanism for opening and closing doors - implemented in the form of a movable cap that captures part of the roof. A periscope prism was used as a rear-view mirror.
Lada Roadster (Lada Roadster) is a concern of the VAZ automobile plant, not allowed for production. For the first time, the Roadster was noticed at the MIMS 2000 car show in the year 2000. The fundamental idea of the Roadster was the ability to remove the roof of the car in the trunk.
Unfortunately, the demand for cars like the Lada Roadster is not great. But car manufacturers have always strived to have (Total 9 photos) in the concern stylish car with elevated dynamic characteristics. AvtoVAZ wanted to implement a similar model on the basis of the 2108 car, which could be called Lada Studio. The car had a separate trunk and a removable roof. As a result, the car was completely redone, and approximately 500 cars were produced, which were supplied only to Europe and were sold only there. Because of this unsuccessful model, a new one appeared - to release quality car the same class as the Roadster should have been.
Lada Siluet, Lada-Silhouette, VAZ-2116 - concept car front wheel drive sedan on the Project C platform, first demonstrated at the Moscow Automobile Show in 2005. Especially for the project, a completely new front-wheel drive platform and a two-liter engine are being developed. In the future, diesel and automatic transmission options are planned for production. This oversized family car is said to feature interesting design exterior and interior, high comfort, high-quality materials, accurate assembly, enhanced safety and that it is planned to launch the VAZ-2116 in a series in 2015. At present, the crash tests of the prototype have been carried out, showing 13 points out of 16 possible according to the EuroNCAP system. In the Silhouette family, in addition to the VAZ-2116 sedan, the VAZ-2117 station wagon and the VAZ-2118 hatchback are created.
A new modification of the base model VAZ-2110 is a 4-seater limousine with a fairly high level of comfort typical for cars of this type.
Various configuration and trim options for the VAZ 2110 "Consul" make it possible to use it for long tourist and business trips, as an executive car, as a taxi, it is possible to create a modification of the car for celebrations, as well as a version of a car with increased security.
The design of the car interior provides a lot for comfortable accommodation of the driver and passengers.
A soundproof partition allows you to create a self-contained compartment in the rear with a wide range of additional equipment and services. By increasing the length rear doors provided free entry and exit of passengers.
The aeroclimatic unit maintains a comfortable temperature regime in the cabin with significant fluctuations in ambient temperature.
Fatigue from a long stay in a static position is reduced by adjusting the position of the rear seats.
The LADA C project is a joint project of AVTOVAZ and the Canadian company Magna International, which provides for the creation of a series of C class cars. Existed in Russia from 2006 to 2009.
The "Lada C project" provided for the joint creation of ten series of car models under the Lada brand at the existing facilities of AvtoVAZ. The launch of new models into mass production was scheduled for 2009. It was supposed to create joint venture, which will be headed by one of the Vice-Presidents of Russian Technologies, Maxim Nagaytsev.
On December 22, 2006, between the state corporation Rostekhnologii and the Canadian company Magna International, a framework agreement on cooperation in the production of automotive components for the new project C.
In 2009, cooperation with the Canadian company Magna International was frozen in favor of the Franco-Japanese Alliance Renault Nissan, French Renault acquired a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ. The Alliance provided its B platforms, which, for 2012, were mounted on the first line of the main AVTOVAZ conveyor. The head of the Rostekhnologii company, Sergey Chemezov, said that the developments with Magna International remain valid and will be used to create new cars.
Since 2009, due to the difficult economic situation of JSC AvtoVAZ, Project C has been suspended.
Lada Karat is a Russian concept from AvtoVAZ. Introduced in 2002. The first development of Lada Karat began in 2001. The dimensions of the Karat are not much different from the Oka. Its length is 300 mm longer, it is slightly higher than the Oka.
The prototype VAZ-2151 (aka Lada-Classic) was presented at the Moscow 2002. It was an attempt to modernize the classic Zhiguli: a completely new body was installed on the old rear-wheel drive chassis, the front suspension layout was changed, and a 1.7-liter engine with fuel injection was placed under the hood. Another was the steering with the "pinion-rack" scheme.
Initially, the appearance of the car was supposed to echo the old VAZ-2101 and 2102 models, but in the end from round headlights and a recognizable silhouette, it was decided to abandon.
It was assumed that the VAZ-2151 would not be a replacement, but an addition to the "classic" and would help AvtoVAZ increase production volumes. The start of production of sedans and station wagons was scheduled for 2006 ... As a result, the project did not receive further development, since it was recognized as unprofitable.
