My sister has a small child. Sometimes you have to take the baby with you on trips by car. There are all sorts of situations, and in order to avoid emergencies, the sister uses a special seat. Until recently, there were no problems, but last month she was issued a ticket due to the fact that the child seat was placed in the front seat.
Under any circumstances, transporting children in the front seat is a dangerous and risky undertaking. The best option is to install a child seat in the back seat, since the risk of injury and death in an emergency is much higher ahead.
At the same time, no prohibitions related to whether it is possible to carry a child in the front seat are not established in the SDA of 2019. In simple words, it is allowed to carry a child in front, but subject to certain conditions. In these rules there is a special paragraph 22.9, which illustrates in detail the procedure for transporting children in the front seat.
According to this provision, the transportation of babies of a certain age is allowed only if they are provided with complete safety and the child has reached a certain age.
In other words, it is required to take into account the design of the vehicle, as well as to ensure the conditions for transporting a child in a car. We are talking about the fact that, according to the law, the child must be transported in a suitable child seat or with the use of effective restraints.
Designs must be suitable for the height and weight of the child being transported. With regard to the travel of the baby in the front seat, only child restraint seats can be used here.
Procedure for transporting a baby if the car is equipped with an airbag
When using a special car seat and in the case of an airbag, the child can only be transported after the installation of a special car seat against the direction of travel.
Such an order requires a special technical regulation. In addition, one should take into account the factor that, when deployed, the airbag can do a disservice and harm the passenger.
In section 3.2 of the designated document there is a clause - 3.2.6, which does not prohibit the installation of a child seat in the front seat in the direction of travel, however, this option is allowed only when the car has a sensor that disables the release of the airbag in the presence of a seat located in the front seat.
The opinions of experts differ on this score, and some believe that it is not necessary to turn off the system, but this opinion is most likely erroneous, and generally accepted rules should be followed.
Which seats are best for traveling
With how many years you can transport a child without a chair, we have already figured out. Here we are talking about children over 12 years old. Before this age, the child will have to purchase a special mount that meets all the points of GOST R 41.44-2005. According to this state standard, designs for children are offered in the following versions:
As a result of the description of structures, which is presented in GOST, specialized firms develop and produce a wide variety of children's fixing structures. In particular, the following models can be mentioned:
- car seats;
- frameless seats;
- adapters (FEST) or boosters.
Summing up a little, we can say that a child can be transported in the front seat in any of the specified seat options, given that the baby is guaranteed safety. An important point is the correct placement of the structure and its location.
Types of fines
In case of violation of the current legislation and non-compliance with the general rules, there is a procedure for applying penalties. We are talking about the amount of 3 thousand rubles. The amount of the fee is determined on an individual basis, taking into account the situation and the situation.
The amount is determined taking into account the existing circumstances, and if we argue based on the cost of a conventional child seat, then the fine imposed will be exactly half the cost of such a design.
Conclusion
Transportation of children in a car is allowed by traffic rules, but there are a number of points that must be observed. First of all, we are talking about the age of the child. If he has reached the age of 12, then it is quite possible to transport him without a special chair, until this moment it is required to use special seats and chairs.
I am glad to welcome you on the pages of the blog, dear readers! Every parent, sooner or later, is faced with the fact that his beloved child must be taken to visit the clinic, swimming pool, section, or just to school or kindergarten. And it doesn't matter at all whether you have a private car or whether you are talking about a trip in a taxi. How, how to do this, and what kind of restraint to use, you can find out by reading. And today I will take a broader look at one of the paragraphs of this article and give an answer to the question: at what age can you ride in the front seat?
The most interesting thing is that traffic rules do not impose any age limit on transporting a child in the front seat. It turns out that at any age, be it 1 month, 3 years, 15 years old, children can be transported in the front seat.
But, not everything is so simple, but it really is possible, but only in certain cases it is necessary to use a child seat, and it can be located both in the direction of travel and against it. Here we will analyze these nuances in more detail.
without car seat
From this paragraph of the rules it follows that children over the age of 12 and over can be transported without any devices, such as child seats, both in the front seat and in the back row. As for children under 12 years old (up to 11 inclusive), the use of restraint systems is necessary.
By the way, do not forget to fasten children over 12 years old with a seat belt, although it can be without a child seat, no one has canceled the safety rules. Let us turn to the section "General duties of the driver" of the SDA: 
It is the driver who is responsible for all passengers in the car and for whether they are fastened.
Using a car seat
The use of other restraints in this case is unacceptable. Other devices should be understood as various kinds of boosters and seat belt adapters and frameless chairs (and this is generally complete nonsense - look at crash tests). 
I want to draw your attention to the fact that the child seat in the front seat can be placed in the direction of travel and against the direction. So, if the seat is deployed against the direction of travel, then in order to avoid serious consequences of an accident, if the car has a frontal airbag, then it must be turned off. If the pillow is non-switchable, then the chair can only be placed in the direction of travel. 
Fine
The driver can be held liable under two articles:
I think in the article I answered in detail the question: how old can you ride in the front seat. And don't forget. That children are our future and violating traffic rules against them is just blasphemy! There are many more interesting articles on the topic of traffic rules and their violations on my site, for example: and the application of the rule
A common situation is when a driver who does not have his own children does not know the correct answer to the question: is it possible to transport a child in the front seat of the car.
Dear readers! The article talks about typical ways to solve legal issues, but each case is individual. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:
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This leads to the fact that by agreeing to give a ride to the neighbor's boy to school in bad weather, the car owner becomes a traffic offender and receives a considerable fine. To avoid this, everyone, without exception, should know.
According to traffic rules in 2020
At the moment, there are requirements approved that have made some adjustments regarding this issue.
So, starting from June 2017, drivers can carry children subject to the following conditions prescribed by law, or rather the rules of the road:
- A child under the age of 7 must be placed in a child restraint appropriate for their height and weight. However, this condition only applies to vehicles equipped with the original seat belts or an Isofix child restraint system.
- Transportation of a child from 7 to 11 years old is disclosed in the next paragraph of the document. It says that in cars and trucks children can be transported under conditions identical to those mentioned earlier, but there is one caveat: "... or with the use of seat belts." That is, if the car is equipped with seat belts, a child of the specified age can drive without a seat. However, this applies only to the rear seats, in the front seat, as before, only with a child restraint.
- In addition, there is a mention here that the car seat, booster or kerchief (triangle) must be used strictly in accordance with its instruction manual.
Thus, the document provides only abbreviated surface conditions for transporting a child in a child seat. For more precise information, it is recommended that you refer to the instruction manual for your specific restraint model.
Carrying children in the front seat in a car
The question of how old in Russia is it allowed to transport a child in the front seat constantly excites automotive forums.
This is explained by the fact that with the advent of a newborn, the topic becomes quite obvious, since the baby often has to be taken on a trip, and upon reaching a certain age, it is taken to kindergarten every day.
So, the child can ride in the front seat as a full passenger from the moment of birth.
As mentioned earlier, the rules oblige car owners to use the application manual as a prescription. It contains information about the belonging of the remote control to a certain category, since restraints are classified into 5 groups, the description of which is given in the form of a table.
Table 1. DUU groups.
In addition, there are several varieties of UDD, characterized by a different method of installation and operation. You can try to "tie" each of them to a certain age.
However, it should be borne in mind that this comparison is approximate, since everything depends on the physical parameters of the child:
1. The first 2 categories from the table presented earlier (cradles and cradles) are used from birth to, mainly, one and a half years. When installed on the front seat, they are placed against the direction of travel. P
The airbag in this case should be disabled. The main difference is that the baby is placed in them in a supine state.
3. Upon reaching 15 kg. the child can be transported in universal collapsible child seats. 5-point harnesses may or may not be included, as shown in the image.
4. A photo of a booster is shown as an example. It can be purchased separately or as part of a universal car seat, the back of which is detachable.
This restraint is designed to carry large children who do not fit in a car seat but are under 12 years of age. It allows you to securely fix it with a standard seat belt that snaps into the factory adapter. The main criterion here is that the straps pass below the level of the neck.
Thus, in the front seat of a car or truck, children under 12 years of age can be transported from birth to reaching the established age. However, it should be borne in mind that they must necessarily sit in one of the listed child restraints.
In the back seat of a car without a seat
This paragraph should take into account the new conditions prescribed in the aforementioned Government Decree No. 761. According to it, children of any age can be transported on the back sofa.
At the same time, the mandatory use of DUU is allowed only for those who are under 7 years old.
Older age can be accommodated by fastening regular seat belts. However, in any case, the device or system must correspond not only to the age, but also to the dimensions of the child. At the same time, data on height and weight directly in the traffic rules, since July 2017, is not provided.
In minibuses
If the conditions for the implementation of organized transportation of children are prescribed in the Government Decree of 12/17/2013. No. 1177, there are currently no requirements regarding private and commercial passenger transport in the current legislation.
Based on this, one should once again make a logical conclusion of the rules, and in the event of a stop by the traffic police inspector, defend one's rights by voicing the following arguments. A minibus of the Gazelle brand or any other modification has a maximum weight not exceeding (or exceeding) 3.5 tons.
Based on this, they include the requirements that apply to cars or trucks (depending on the situation). However, in most domestic minibuses, seat belts are available only in the front seat.
Therefore, the transportation of a child is only allowed there, since there is no possibility of using cabin seats in a layout with a restraint. If there are belts or Isofix anchorages on the seats, children are allowed.
Requirements in Europe
The requirements for compliance with traffic rules in European countries, in comparison with ours, can be called quite strict, and the amount of possible punishment for their violation is more stringent.
At the same time, each individual state has the right to establish its own traffic rules, therefore, when planning to travel with a child, you need to familiarize yourself with its features in each country.
As an example, we can give general information regarding the transportation of children in a car, characteristic of most EU countries:
- The remote control unit must have a tag with the image of the ECE R44/03 or ECE R44/04 icon, which confirms compliance with the European safety standard. The latest models of chairs may be labeled differently: "I-Size".
- The main criteria in this case are weight and height. Based on this requirement, children below 125 cm cannot be in a moving car without a car seat with a back and armrests. The use of boosters is allowed only if the child is above the given value.
- The car is moving at a speed of 50 km/h. A 2-year-old child is in the front seat in the arms of an adult.
Having entered the oncoming traffic lane, the car goes into a skid and drives into a tree standing on the side of the road. As a result, the driver escaped with a slight fright, as he was wearing a seat belt. The second passenger received minor bruises and a concussion. The child, in this situation, acted as a pillow between the adult and the dashboard, as a result, several broken ribs, a concussion and numerous bruises and scratches. All this could have been avoided if the baby had been in a car seat. That is, its inertial forward movement would occur together with the holding device, firmly fixed with a standard belt or Isofix mount.
- The second option concerns parents who bought a child restraint, but did not read the manual for its operation. The car was moving at a speed limit of 55 km/h. The newborn baby slept in a chair - a cradle. The driver lost control and the car flies to the side of the road, where it drives into a lamppost with its left side. In principle, nothing dangerous happened here for the child, since he was firmly fixed in a good imported remote control, and it, in turn, was fastened with Isofix.
However, the consequences of this accident are very sad, since the driver, when installing the restraint, did not take care to turn off the front airbag. As a result, a sleeping child was hit by a pillow that popped out, damaging his fragile bones.
It follows from the above examples that it is not enough to buy and install a child seat in your car. Although many Russian drivers are still unwilling to pay several thousand for the safety of their child.
Moreover, prices in Moscow and the rest of Russia for remote control start from 3 000 rub., therefore, it will not work to call it an expensive device.
The traffic rules of the Russian Federation in 2018 do not indicate how old you can ride in the front seat. This means that even a newborn baby is allowed to be carried next to the driver. The main thing is to use a device specially designed for child safety, which is rigidly attached to a stationary car seat with belts or the Isofix system.
The last significant changes regarding the location of the child in the vehicle were made to Article 22.9 of the SDA by Decree No. 761 of 06/28/2017.
The current version prescribes from what age a child can ride in a car in the front seat:
- It is allowed to transport babies under the age of 7 only in special devices that are suitable in terms of footage and weight. This applies to front and rear seats in a passenger car, as well as a truck cab. Fastening is carried out with standard car belts or using the Isofix system according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- To place children from 7 to 11 years old in the back seat of a passenger car or in the cab of a truck without a special device, only if they are fastened with regular seat belts.
- Carrying a child next to the driver without a fixing device is allowed from the age of 12.
- Only children over the age of 12 may ride behind a motorcyclist.
In Russia, the Gazelle vehicle is common, which is classified as a truck or passenger car. In the car, depending on the model, there is only one row of seats, so it is often not possible to put a child in the back. From the point of view of the SDA clause relating to child safety, the Gazelle is subject to regulations for trucks. This means that from the age of 7 it is allowed to ride in the front seat without a car seat, fastened with a regular seat belt.
In addition to direct legislation, there are recommendations from road safety experts, crash test results and the common sense of parents who doubt whether a second-grader child can be transported in the front seat.
The main danger, in addition to the accident itself, for a small passenger is airbags built into the front panel of many car models. The force of the ejection of the safety device is such that in some cases it injures even adults.
Therefore, if the child is transported in the front seat, the pillow is recommended to be turned off. And in the absence of the desired option in the car, it is better to place children behind the driver. The most suitable place is in the center of the row. Such dislocation reduces the risk of damage by a third.
A few more tips when installing a car seat in the front:
- move the seat as far back into the passenger compartment as possible;
- the car seat for the smallest passengers is installed against the direction of travel. This provides maximum protection in the event of a collision.
Adults are responsible for the safety of children, therefore, even with the transportation standards specified in the traffic rules, the question of at what age you can ride in the front seat of a car is decided by parents.
Some people believe that if you put the child in your arms and fasten your seat belt with him, then the safety problem is solved. In practice, the situation only becomes more threatening. In the event of an accident, the parent will not be able to hold the baby, the child's body will slip out from under the waist strap. In this case, the injuries are very severe.
In a head-on collision, even at low speeds, the mass of a large person falls sharply on the fragile bones of the passenger, exacerbating the consequences of the accident. If there is no way to put a car seat in the car, then it is better to put the child on your own in the back row and fasten it with a standard seat belt.
It is widely believed among car drivers that child seats of various brands differ little from each other in terms of technical characteristics.
However, independent examinations and crash tests confirm that:- expensive models justify their cost and reduce the risk of serious injuries in children in collisions on the road by 60-70%;
- cheap analogues do not work so successfully, the risk of injury is less by 30-40%.
In any case, transporting children without special restraint systems is not worth it. The low speed limit within the city creates threatening situations for passengers, and traveling along the highway in violation of safety rules is even more risky.
The SDA does not define what a "child restraint system" is. According to the criteria established in the documentation of the Customs Union, the following is provided for the transportation of a child:
- Infant carrier (group 0). Designed for infants up to 6 months old and weighing about 10 kg. In the car it is installed across the course of movement. The child is fixed in the cradle with a wide elastic band.
- A stand for “increasing the height” of a child, since regular seat belts are designed for a person with a height of at least 150 cm. It differs from a regular pillow or other elevation by the presence of attachment to a car seat and side restraints. By its nature, the booster is a chair without a back. Sold as a standalone item or converted from a universal restraint model.
- for different age categories.
Depending on weight and age, they are divided into:- group 0+ - for babies up to a year and weighing up to 13 kg. The child in it does not yet sit straight, but is no longer in a horizontal position. Equipped with five-point harness, mounted against the direction of travel;
- group 1 - intended for children from 9 months to 4 years, weight from 9 to 18 kg. The inclination of the chair is adjustable from sitting to reclining;
- group 2 - from 3 to 7 years, body weight 15-25 kg. The devices are equipped. There are models with the ability to change the backrest in height;
- group 3 - from 6 to 12 years old, weight from 22 to 36 kg. The chairs are collapsible, unfastened and the lower part is used separately.
It is allowed to use child seats of mixed groups - from 6 to 14 years old or designed for a weight of 9 to 25 kg. The market provides a huge choice for any level of income, the main thing is that the model meets European safety standards. To install any type in the car, a special Isofix system or a regular belt is used.
Previously, legislation allowed the use of a guide strap instead of a car seat - an overlay for stationary safety mounts. In Russia, the FEST triangle is a certified adapter for fastening children with car seat belts. The use of this device is controversial.
Experts note that in the event of an accident, a very strong sharp pressure is exerted on the stomach of a child fixed with a guide strap, which is not evenly distributed, as when using five-point belts. As a result, injuries to internal organs can be obtained.
In 2018, the requirements for remote control became tougher, as Rosstandart revised the rules for using adapters. Now it is allowed to resort to straps only in combination with other restraint systems.Some parents prefer to carry their child in the front seat of the car. Let's try to figure out whether this is a violation of traffic rules, what must be taken into account when placing a child in the front seat and, most importantly, how to protect the life and health of a child in the event of an accident or sudden braking.
traffic rules
The main law that guides drivers on the road is the rules of the road. Therefore, if you have any doubts regarding the transportation of passengers, it would be logical to contact them. The issue of transporting children in the front seat is clearly spelled out in the relevant paragraph of rules 22.9. According to them, it is possible to carry children under 12 in the front seat of a car only if special restraints are used.
The rules do not specifically refer to a child seat, although it refers to special devices. However, other devices specifically designed to safely hold a child in an emergency (such as boosters) may be used.
One of the important requirements for special devices is the compliance with the weight category of the child.
If the child is 12 years old, the traffic rules do not prohibit carrying him in the front seat, fastening with a regular seat belt.
Traffic rules do not prohibit carrying children in the front seat. However, the legislation regulates mandatory compliance with safety requirements. In particular, it is necessary to use special holding devices.
Requirements for devices, basic characteristics depend on the specific age and weight of the child. This is the only way to provide him with a sufficient level of comfort and safety in any situation.
The airbag installed in modern cars often raises questions about its safety in relation to children sitting in its area of \u200b\u200boperation (in the front seat).
Rules of the road paragraph 22.9 (transportation of people, 22.9 in particular children) for 2015-2016
22.9. Transportation of children is allowed provided that their safety is ensured, taking into account the design features of the vehicle.
Transportation of children under 12 years of age in vehicles equipped with seat belts must be carried out using child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using the seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle, and in the front seat car - only with the use of child restraints.
It is forbidden to transport children under 12 years of age in the back seat of a motorcycle.
Front airbags and children
If you have placed a child seat in the front seat, you should pay attention to the airbag. It is widely believed that the deployment of airbags during an accident definitely improves the safety of passengers, regardless of their height and weight. Some people think that the presence of airbags ensures the safety of the child even without the use of additional devices that provide for traffic rules. Are these beliefs true? The facts say otherwise.
During an accident, an airbag does not improve the safety of a child in the front seat. A sudden opening of the pillow can even cause additional injuries to the child.
After attaching the child seat to the front seat, check that the airbag release mechanism is disabled. This advice is especially important for parents fixing a cradle for babies on the front seat. It is placed backwards, which reduces the space between the child and the airbag. Such close proximity enhances the blow when the airbag deploys during an accident.
If possible, roll the seat with the child seat (especially the cradle) back as far as possible. This will help in the event of an airbag deployment and provide additional "safety space" in a frontal collision.
Car seat manufacturers also recommend disabling the airbag mechanism while transporting children to reduce the chance of injury. You can verify this by reading the instructions for child seats of well-known manufacturers.
Why It's Best to Avoid Carrying Children in the Front Seat
It is not prohibited by law to transport children in the front seat of a car if special devices are used to improve safety. However, there are many arguments against carrying a child in the front seat, regardless of the presence of a car seat, carrycot or other device.
Most motorists rightly believe that riding in the front seat is not safe even for adults, not to mention children. Therefore, despite legislative permits and the availability of special car seats, many drivers do not allow the thought of driving onto the road with their child in front. Such an opinion is quite reasonable. Reasons to fear for the safety of the child are enough:
- There are data from studies in the field of road safety conducted by independent expert bureaus in different countries. According to them, in almost 50% of the studied cases of accidents involving children placed in front in a child seat, the location of the seat next to the driver was the cause of injuries and deaths. If the children had sat in the rear seats, they would not have been hurt.
- An airbag that is forgotten to be deactivated when a child is seated in the front can cause injury or damage when deployed during an accident.
- Children are very impressionable and riding in the front seat can cause an overreaction. Children under 6 years old are often frightened when they see huge cars rushing at them. This causes sleep disturbance, loss of appetite. Fear can even cause neurosis and hysteria.
- According to physiologists and pediatricians, children under 5 years old should be carried in a car with their backs forward. This is due to the structural features of the child's skeleton. In young children, the head is disproportionately large and heavy in relation to the body, and the muscles and vertebrae of the neck are weak. During an accident, the greatest load falls on the cervical region: the head continues to move forward, while the shoulders, fastened with seat belts, stop abruptly. Such overloads are especially dangerous for babies. Therefore, it is better to follow the recommendations of doctors and carry a small child exclusively with his back forward, so that in an extreme situation the cervical vertebrae do not have to take on most of the load.
The last point is reflected in the traffic rules of individual European countries, where the transportation of babies is prohibited other than backwards. We do not have a ban, but no one has canceled the biological characteristics and laws of physics. It is better to draw conclusions and take care of the safety of your child in advance without exposing him to additional risk.
Analyze each of the listed items and answer whether it is worth putting a child in front of all the additional risks. It is better to put the baby in the back seat with one of the relatives. The child will be supervised, safe and will not distract from the road.
The safest place for a child to sit is in the middle of the rear seat. At this point, it will be maximally protected both in frontal and side collisions.
Why do children have to sit in front
Despite the disadvantages of transporting children in the front seat, many seat a small passenger there. Each family may have its own arguments and reasons for this.
- Lack of space. When moving or on a long journey, you have to take a lot of necessary things to accommodate which there is not enough luggage space. You have to pack things in the back seat. A child seat takes up a lot of space, so you have to install it next to the driver to free up space in the back seat;
- Parents are forced to seat the child in front when traveling alone with him. Leaving the baby alone in the back seat unattended is inconvenient. It is safer if the child is in the visibility zone so that you do not have to be distracted by him while driving. Wipe the nose, give a bottle, entertain the baby, if he is capricious, it is easier when he is nearby. Of course, all this cannot be done on the go. We also read: Traveling with children by car - what is important to know;
- From a certain age, children, regardless of gender, begin to dream of traveling in a car "like adults, in front." This allows them to assert themselves, experience new experiences and feel older. It is advisable to explain to children about the dangers of such a trip. However, not all parents are able to convince the child, sometimes you have to capitulate. A capricious child can use the entire "combat arsenal", including tears and tantrums, in order to achieve what he wants. If parents do not have sufficient experience and patience, they have to give in, following the demands of the child. It is especially difficult to argue a refusal if you previously had to put a child in the front seat for objective reasons (see clauses 1 and 2).
There are other reasons why a child should be seated in front. Personal judgments, the mood of the baby, unforeseen circumstances affect the decision. If the situation really requires the child to be placed in the front seat, it is worth knowing how to keep the child as safe as possible during the trip.
How to make traveling with a toddler safe
If, despite the above arguments, you had to install a child seat in the front seat, remember the advice of experienced drivers and safety experts. Following them will allow you to protect the child as much as possible from the sad consequences in the event of an accident.
Compliance with this list of rules will reduce the likelihood of risk when transporting a child to a minimum. Think carefully before deciding on car seat placement. If there really is no way to secure it in the back seat, use the best car seats, take extra care when traveling.
What car seats are suitable for children of different ages
The child car seat (or other restraint) must be fully adapted to the age and height of the child. They differ in dimensions, the way the child is seated and the attachment device.
- A child under one year old weighing less than 10 kg is an infant carrier that ensures the horizontal position of the child. We also read:
- A child under one and a half years old weighing up to 13 kg - a child seat-cocoon, turned with its back against the direction of movement;
- Child 1-4 years old weighing 9-18 kg - a universal child car seat with the possibility of attaching to any seats;
- Child 3-7 years old weighing 15-25 kg - a car seat installed facing in the direction of travel;
- A child 6-12 years old weighing 22-36 kg - a car seat using regular car seat belts.
Typically, the manufacturer of car seats indicates in the instructions the age for which the model is designed.
Proper selection and installation of a car seat will ensure the safety of your family trips and will allow you to comply with traffic rules regarding the transportation of children. Try not to save money when buying a child car seat, because such savings can cost the health, even the life of a child!
New rules for transporting children in cars
A trip to the United States of America should be singled out separately. Here, the rules for transporting children may vary depending on the state. Therefore, special attention must be paid to this.
fines
In case of violation of the norms established by law for transporting a child in the front seat, clause 3 applies to the driver, which entails a fine in an amount depending on the civil status of the driver.
Table 2. Responsibility for violations of the transportation of children in the front seat.
As a comparative analysis, the image shows examples of fines in some European countries.
Such harsh penalties were introduced in an attempt to reduce the death and injury of minors caught in.
As an example, 2 cases can be cited when a child transported without a child restraint was seriously injured in a minor accident:
