Now you can not study tons of thematic literature and not disappear in many months of courses for masters to solve any problem. Likewise with a car. On the Internet you can find a wide variety of workshops and tips on creating a homemade car, whether it be a sports car or an ordinary tractor. But what materials are they made from? How to draw correct drawings? And what else can be done with my own hands for a homemade car?
A bit of history
make homemade passenger cars mobiles started a few decades ago. This activity gained particular popularity and distribution during the Soviet era. At that time, the production of exclusively mass models was launched, in which there were many errors and flaws, as well as an almost complete lack of comfort. Therefore, Russian craftsmen created individual cars from a variety of hand tools.
More often new car collected from several non-working old ones. Also, for towns and villages, ordinary cars were converted into real trucks. To do this, they increased the carrying capacity and lengthened the body. There were models that easily overcame any water obstacles.
Legislatively, such homemade products were not prohibited. Some restrictions were introduced only at the end of the USSR, but they practically did not interfere with personal production. There were a huge number of tricks and gaps in the laws, thanks to which many hundreds of handicraft cars were registered in those days.
What is required for a homemade car
Before you assemble your own vehicle, you need to carefully consider every step and every detail. future work. First you need to decide on the main purpose of creating a machine. The design itself and the possibilities of future transport depend on this. If you want to universal helper on the farm, capable of lifting a significant load and passing any obstacles, then you will need to stock up special details and materials, as well as to focus on a reinforced structure. In the case of creating a model of a sports car or any other fashion car, you need to think about the appearance.
In addition to working with motorcycles, scooters and various trailers different parts are needed. However, in any case, a self-made car, created by oneself, requires several wheels, sheets of steel, special bolts for metal structures, a steering wheel, transmission, screws, etc.
What materials are best to use
Building a car is hard work. The car must be safe both for the owner and for others. Therefore, high-strength and wear-resistant materials should be used. In addition, we must not forget about comfort.
Most often, craftsmen use metal and wood in construction. For equipment and comfort, glass, plastic, various fabrics and leatherette, rubber, etc. are needed.
Moreover, each specific body material has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a homemade car made of wood will be much cheaper than the same one, but made of iron or plastic. It is known that until the beginning of the 40s, all frames for transport were made of wood. But such material makes the car less safe, and it is also impractical and short-lived. In addition, the weight of such a vehicle is quite large.
It is easier and more practical to use various metal structures or the corresponding elements of old cars in your work.
How to make drawings
Any serious project requires preparation. Therefore, before you start making any homemade car with your own hands, you need to draw detailed plan and a drawing of the future design. You can use several sketches: general form vehicle, as well as a detailed drawing of each element. To do this, you will need a large drawing paper, pencils and an eraser, paints and rulers, as well as other stationery.
The easiest way is to own modern technologies making drawings on the computer. In addition, there are many special programs, such as Compass, Splan, or AutoCADe. You can also make diagrams in Word. Each such application has its own characteristics and advantages.
Now you can create absolutely any homemade cars. Drawings craftsmen present to the public. Then they can be printed in any convenient format.
How to convert a personal car
Design Absolutely new model not everyone can afford a vehicle, so one or more old, deregistered cars are most often used. In our country, these are usually Zhiguli, Volga or Cossacks. They are remade for different purposes: for children's carousels, transportation of heavy loads, driving in especially hazardous conditions etc.
Many auto repairers claim they are starting to assemble new car from small. First, they remake some elements of the old personal cars, then add some new details. And after that, they design a completely new model. The converted hybrids are very interesting, capable of driving equally well both on the ground and on snow or water.
Registering a homemade car
So, more than one month has passed, and you have finally designed and assembled your own homemade car. But in order to be able to safely and freely ride it, you must go through the registration procedure. And for this you need to take a few difficult steps. It should be noted that only those cars that weigh more than 3.5 tons are subject to registration. Any semi-trailers and trailers, motorcycles and scooters are also issued.
Initially, the correctness and reliability of the machine design is checked. This is done by a special testing laboratory. Here, the main parameters are checked, without which the safe operation of the device is impossible. After carrying out the necessary tests, the owner is issued with these conclusions, as well as official documents for the parts used in transport, should contact the traffic police. Certification by the Institute of Safety is also required. traffic.
In MREO, a certificate of absence is taken identification number. To get a new one, you should contact the traffic police with a passport and all the documents received. Then on own car you go to MREO for final registration.
Do-it-yourself transport devices
Making a homemade car is just the beginning. It is also necessary to create all conditions for a more comfortable and safe operation. All kinds of lighting, fans, additional accessories etc.
For example, you can make special starting device to start the car in the cold season. An industrial design will hit your pocket well, and homemade device will help to save the family budget. To do this, you need transistors, switches, diodes, resistors, connecting wires etc.
Individual anti-theft devices are also quite popular. Such homemade devices for a car help to ensure the safety of the car in any conditions. The simplest one consists of just a single diode installed between the battery, the toggle switch and the voltage generator.
Some interesting facts about homemade products
Of course, in this area, there were some extraordinary cases and episodes:
- The title of low car owned by a homemade Flatmobile. Its height is only 50 cm. You can only ride it on even and smooth asphalt.
- For fans of modern vehicles, jewelry companies have created rings with patterns in the form of various protectors. These products look quite original.
- Several British students have designed a homemade one. Its feature lies not only in speed and design, but also in the engine, because it runs on hydrogen. This technique is absolutely safe for nature. Such self-made mini-cars are designed for autobahns and cities.
- the legendary Henry Ford could not leave the creator's garage for a long time, because. had impressive dimensions. Only by breaking the wall, the master was able to take out the novelty.
Did you like the Crazy Hands section in the TV program While Everyone is Home? It's so cool to do useful device from nothing. Maybe you know how to weave ropes from old plastic bottles or masterfully make laundry baskets from newspaper tubes? And how about using screws, pipes found in a landfill, and a set of a young chemist to build ... a car? Yes, not just a layout, but for him to drive? In our country, such a hobby existed quite recently. Moreover, in some moment it acquired almost industrial scale. At the same time, none of the manually created models closely resembled either domestic or foreign cars. "Around the World" recalls the Soviet Kulibins and their iron "pets".
Both the Swedes and the Reapers
The do-it-yourself grassroots movement had some of the most famous names. First of all, these are the twin brothers Alexander and Vladimir Shcherbinin. I must say, they did not really resemble people obsessed with technology: they worked as graphic artists and spent their free time in a bohemian environment, sitting in the Hermitage Garden and discussing painting with their comrades. However, this did not stop them from not only getting involved automotive design, but also an excellent understanding of the nodes and assemblies. Back in the late 1960s, the brothers set out to build sports car based on the Volga.
Shcherbininskaya GTShch
The frame for the first sample was welded right in the yard, then the car was lifted to the seventh floor, where the fiberglass body was glued. Then the structure on ropes was lowered back through the balcony, and there, in the open air, they continued to work on the suspension, engine, and interior. The car received a double body type "Grand Turismo", hence the unpronounceable name of the model - GTShch (the last letter meant the name of the designers - Shcherbinina).
Soon, the brothers designed another model - a coupe, which was given the outrageous name "Satan" (later assembled in the image and likeness of this car by other enthusiastic Algebraist brothers, the model was called "Yuna"). The Shcherbinins had matrices for making body parts, as well as all the technical documentation, so anyone could use the developments. And a few people have done it. Therefore, there were at least a dozen such cars in the Soviet Union. Some of them have survived to this day and sometimes flash at exhibitions of rarities.
I would go to the designers
The heyday of the automotive "amateur" came in the post-war years. Circles of car and motorcycle enthusiasts arose in the country, where they not only dealt with the repair of components, but also learned how to design. About successful models told on the pages of newspapers and magazines, such as "Technology - youth". Largely thanks to this publication in the traffic police in 1957 were developed technical requirements For homemade cars and the rules for their registration, which allowed such cars to drive on the roads common use. The latest version of these requirements was published in 1987.
Just the same "Satan" Shcherbinins for a long time traveled without state license plates. There were several reasons for this, one of them was that the “homemade” movement in the 1970s was so popular that everyone recognized this car anyway. Specifications the cars did not fit into the norms allowed by the traffic police, but they made an exception for the Shcherbinins, since they were artists and illustrated new edition Rules of the road of the USSR. In exchange, they were allowed to register their cars.
Dreams Come True
One of the most famous Soviet automotive homemade products was called "Yuna". Its designer, Yuri Ivanovich Algebraistov, dreamed of becoming a pilot, but did not go to flight school due to his health and became a first-class driver. From his youth, the future designer repaired his father's "Victory", which the family got a bat and neglected, and over time he knew every detail, every screw of the car. Having learned about the home-made products of the Shcherbinin brothers, Yuri, together with his brother, also set about trying to collect own car. The algebraists joined the Shcherbinins to work on "Satan", and then, on the basis of this experience, they assembled "Yuna".
Yuna by Algebraist brothers
From idea to implementation when finished car on the numbers began to travel on the roads, six years passed - from 1970 to 1976. The first car of the series went to his brother, and then Yuri began to assemble a car for himself. He completed it in 1982, three days before the Moscow-Baku run of home-made cars. Right from the garage, the second "Yuna" went to the test and on the first trip "made" 14 thousand kilometers.
Algebraistov's machine starred in the film Testers, which was released on movie screens in the second half of the 1980s. Later, the audience recognized "Yoona" on the streets and applauded. By the way, the very name of the model is an abbreviation for "Yuri and Natalya Algebraistov". In numerous interviews, the designer mentioned that the manufacture of the car and all subsequent improvements were only possible thanks to his wife Natasha, who supported him in this field.
Show yourself, look at others
The state not only did not interfere with independent designers, but also helped them in some way. As we have already said, self-made cars could be registered with the traffic police. In addition, runs were regularly arranged, where you could show yourself and your car. Each time it was an event of all-Union scale. In his memoirs, the designer Yuri Algebraistov said: “... the runs of home-made cars of that time were simply amazing. Pioneers with flowers stood on the road between the villages, the traffic police led us from beginning to end, changing at the borders of the regions. And you had to see the faces and eyes of the people who met us, those who were shown on TV ... "
Another Soviet homemade car- "Pangolina" - and its designer Alexander Kulygin
About car homemade filmed TV shows. Especially often this topic was pedaled in the computer program - “You Can Do It”: both “Yuna”, and “Pangolina”, and the amphibian “Triton”, and many other unique models were mentioned in one way or another in the releases. Wrote about "piece" cars and authoritative magazines, such as "Behind the wheel", "Model designer" or "Technology - youth." Any Soviet boy knew the names of homemade products. Moreover, in the late 1980s, the book “I am building a car” was published, written by Vasily Zakharchenko and Ilya Turensky. Special sections also appeared, such as the Moscow section of amateur car design, which at certain moments was attended by up to four hundred people.
* * *
Names Soviet homemade were very different: different years“Gnome” and “Ant”, “Trud” and “Asterisk”, “Cheetah” and “Proton” drove through our streets. Undoubtedly, good car, designed by hand, was a lifesaver and an excellent substitute for hard-to-reach stock car. And yet, we should not forget that most homemade products were built on the components and assemblies of the same Zaporozhets, Zhiguli and Moskviches, and sometimes Volga. It turns out that it was not only a shortage, but a desire to stand out, realize your design ideas and get behind the wheel of something unusual, not like everyone else.
Unfortunately, in the 1990s, the samavto movement gradually faded away. For many, a car has ceased to be an unattainable dream, there is a choice, and for their own inventions, the majority did not reach their hands, and there was no time. In addition, the fashion for "homemade" has passed, giving way to the prestige and comfort of foreign cars.
Photo: ru.autopedia.wikia.com (x3)
The Ford Sollers plant is located in Naberezhnye Chelny (Republic of Tatarstan). In addition to it, the KamAZ enterprise is located in the city. Until 2011, it produced ssangyong cars and Fiat, and even earlier - "Oka". Now the factory is doing Ford crossovers EcoSport, and in 2015 will be added to them Ford Fiesta. There are three in Russia Ford factory Sollers - two more are located in the special economic zone "Alabuga" and in Vsevolozhsk. The Village visited an enterprise in Naberezhnye Chelny and learned how cars are assembled there.
Ford Sollers
Location: city of Naberezhnye Chelny
Employees: 1 200 people
plant abounds bright colors: yellow welding guns, blue carts, red monorails, orange balancers and hangers, multi-colored wires. It is interesting that an industrial designer was engaged in the design of the space - to create a comfortable atmosphere.
Parts for EcoSport are imported from more than ten countries, but now the localization program is actively working, thanks to which the plant has 50 Russian suppliers. By the end of the year, they want to increase the share of Russian components to 40%. At the same time, not all suppliers can cooperate with Ford Sollers: their production system must meet Ford requirements.
First, on the lines in the welding shop, individual components of the car are welded - engine compartment, front floor, rear floor, underbody and sidewalls. Then the robotic complex forms the body. This process is fully automated. After the geometry is formed, a roof is installed on the body. This is done with a video system. Errors that occur are displayed on the control monitors, and this helps to correct the work.
Every fifth design is checked for compliance with quality standards in the geometry measurement laboratory. They find out if everything is welded correctly. In this room, the air temperature is always kept at +20 degrees to compensate for the seasonal error: in winter, the metal tends to narrow and expand in summer. The measurement takes place on more than 200 points using the mechanical touch method. Permissible deviation from the norm - 1.5 mm. Reports with measurement results go to the welding shop for line correction.
Before painting, the body passes preliminary training in 11 baths. Here, washing, activation, phosphating, cataphoretic priming of the surface, application of anti-noise and seam mastic take place. After that, the body is dried and enters the painting booth, where robots cover it with a secondary primer and color coating. Eight colors are currently used, but their number may vary - depending on dealer orders. After the final polishing, the sparkling body can go further.
Then he goes to belt conveyor to the assembly shop, which consists of three lines- "Trim", "Chassis" and "Final". First, protective covers, soundproofing, engine compartment, cabin bundle harness, airbags, brake pipes, pedals, air conditioning,
IP panel. So that the worker knows which parts to use, a manifest is attached to each machine - a document indicating the type of equipment .
At the second post of the line, the doors are removed. Later, they will descend onto the same car they were taken from. Up to this point, they are supplemented by a power window, electric wire, noise and vibration isolation, panel, speakers, rear-view mirrors and other parts.
There are many women working in the shop. According to the head of the department, it is they who basically become foremen. In general, despite the fact that automotive production It is considered to be difficult and time-consuming; back in 1914, half of the functions did not require physical exertion from people and could be performed equally successfully by both men and women.
At some posts, racks with parts are equipped with burning flashlights - one in each compartment. When a worker picks up a part, he turns off his flashlight so that he doesn't pick it up again by mistake when assembling the same car. Together with people in the workshop, one robot works: it applies glue to the glass. Automation of the process avoids the ingress of an excessive amount of adhesive mass and prevents leakage.
On the "Chassis" line, the body moves along hangers, each of which rises to a certain height - depending on the height of the person who works at each post. Interestingly, the principle of vertical position at work was introduced by Henry Ford exactly 100 years ago: “Raising the working plane to arm height and further fragmenting the working movements ... led to a reduction in working time to 1.33 hours for the chassis,” he wrote in his autobiographical book . On the Chassis-1 line, air conditioning pipes, thermal protection, fuel tank, shock absorbers, filters, logos are glued. The bolts on the bottom of the body are marked after each tightening - so that the worker knows that he not only baited it, but also tightened it. Clients sometimes unknowingly take such markings as a sign of marriage.
An important part of the assembly is the docking of the body with the transmission (at the factory it is called "wedding" or decking). The transmission is supplied by automatic shuttles that move on a floor ring monorail conveyor.
Next comes the installation exhaust system, cardan shaft, final assembly mechanical groups using manipulators for an electronic programmable instrument. Seats, bumpers, wheels, a spare tire are also installed on the Chassis line, connected steering rack. At the end there is a control post - they inspect the body there before sending it to the "Final". Brake, washer and coolant fluids are poured into the car. After that going backdoor trunk and front engine compartment. Headlights are also installed there and doors are attached, and electronics are checked using a scanner. The controller checks the build quality.
Factory employees check electronic systems cars, wheel alignment and headlight beams. Then the car passes dynamic tests on a roll test - it is checked how the engine and gearbox work when accelerating to 110 km / h. At the very end, the door closing speed is tested and paintwork, the resistance of the car to leakage is checked. Then the car goes to the test track, where it takes place Final inspection In action. Then the car leaves for the warehouse of finished products, after which it is sent to dealers.
Photos: Ivan Gushchin
Making a car with your own hands is a task worthy of a real man. Many think, some are taken, only a few are brought to completion. We decided to tell the stories of cars made, as they say, on the knee. We will talk about the work of professional bodywork studios, including A: Level or ElMotors, another time.
The case of the masters of the East
Most homemade people are in the so-called developing countries. Afford expensive car Not everyone can, but everyone wants to. And in these countries they look at copyright, let's say, in a peculiar way, not in a European way.It's easy to find videos on the Web about a whole factory of "self-made" supercars in Bangkok. These are ten times cheaper than the original. Now it is no longer working: apparently, the German journalists who shot the video about homemade people did them a disservice, and local authorities thought about the missing licenses of the “masters” and the safety of the machines they riveted. Of course, these crafts were not specifically crash tested.
Interestingly, in principle, the Thais withstood supercars - they did space frames from metal profiles and pipes and "dressed" them in fiberglass bodies. In most cases, do-it-yourselfers simply take old cars, cut off the “extra” body panels and hang their own. Using this technology, for example, this replica is built Bugatti Veyron from India. An ambitious project, right on the basis of the saying "to love - so the queen, to steal - so a million." The author and owner used the old Honda Civic. And he tried - outwardly, the copy turned out to be worthy: it is not without reason that the audience is so attentively examining it.
Another Indian former actor, the current social reformer, concocted a parody of Veyron from Honda Accord. It turned out terrible. Another one was based on Tata Nano. Let me remind you that this is officially the cheapest production car world with peculiar proportions. Very weak and slow. However, the author of this project is clearly not devoid of a sense of humor, because Veyron, on the contrary, is one of the most expensive, powerful and fastest production cars.Supercars from junkyards
The Chinese do not lag behind their Thai and Indian counterparts. The young worker of the glass factory, Chen Yanxi, did not parody someone else's design, but made his own, the author's. And even though his car looks decent only from a distance, and drives only 40 km / h (the installed electric motor no longer allows), I don’t want to laugh at Chen. Well done for going your own way. More often it happens otherwise.
Three years ago, 26-year-old Chinese prop designer Li Weilei was so impressed with the Tumbler Batmobile ("Acrobat") from Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight that he built it. It cost him and four friends 70,000 yuan (about $11,000) and only two months of work. Lee took steel for the body from a landfill, shoveling 10 tons of metal. To help offset the costs, he now rents out his Tumblr for photo and video shoots for just 10 bucks a month. But tenants must be prepared to roll the “replica” manually. The car cannot drive because it has neither power unit, no functional steering. In addition, in China, only cars produced by certified manufacturers are released on the roads.
Another Chinese craftsman, Wang Jian from Jiangsu province, made his own "copy" Lamborghini Reventon from an old Nissan minivan and sedan. Volkswagen Santana. And he also dragged metal from the landfill. He spent 60,000 yuan (9.5 thousand dollars) on this business. By the car carbureted engine, it smokes mercilessly, it lacks an interior and even glass, but the author himself likes the result, and the neighbors believe that Jiang's car copies Lambo quite accurately. The author claims that he is able to accelerate on his supercar up to 250 km / h. No one dares to dissuade him.
As you can see, most of all do-it-yourselfers love to copy Ferrari and Lamborghini. Externally. Inside this car by Mr. Meat from Thailand stands motorcycle engine Lifan with a volume of a quarter liter.
The most funny and touching creation - the Chinese farmer Guo from Zhengzhou. He made a Lambo for... his grandson. The car has children's dimensions - 900 by 1800 mm and an electric motor that allows you to accelerate to 40 km / h. Batteries of five batteries are enough for 60 km of travel. Guo spent $815 and six months of work on his brainchild.
A Vietnamese car mechanic from the province of Bac Giang created a semblance of a Rolls-Royce, using the "seven" for this. I bought it for 10 million VND (about $500). Another 20 million spent on "tuning". Most of the money went to metal, electrodes, and a Rolls-Royce-style radiator grill ordered from a local workshop. It got rough. But the guy is famous. Real Rolls-Royce Phantom in Vietnam costs about 30 billion VND.
Samavto-2017
In the open spaces former USSR traditions of self-building are also strong. IN Soviet years there was a movement called "samavto", uniting enthusiasts of homemade cars and motorcycles. And there were many of them, since in those years it seemed that it was easier to assemble a car with your own hands than to buy it - despite the total shortage of spare parts and bureaucratic obstacles. And what interesting projects were born in those years! Yuna, Pangolina, Laura, Ichthyander and others... Yes, there were people. However, they remained.
A few years ago, I wrote about the brainchild of a Muscovite, Evgeny Danilin, called an SUV that resembles the Hummer H1, but significantly outperforms it.
I immediately recall my old acquaintance with Alexander Timashev from Bishkek. His workshop ZerDo Design in the 2000s created a whole series interesting homemade, the first of which was the Barkhan, also a semblance of a Hammer based on the GAZ-66. Then came the "Mad Cabin" (Mad Cabin), a type of American hot rod, made from the cab army truck ZIL-157 - "Zakhara". .
The Crazy Cabin was followed by retro-style homemade products - the so-called replicars, speedster and phaeton. And for them, Kyrgyz craftsmen made not only bodies and interiors, but even frames.
Agree, it's nice to be a car owner. But it's even more fun to collect cool car with your own hands.
Today we will share information about what you need to collect cool car in my garage.
Kit Car or "component car" is a set of parts from which the buyer can assemble the car himself or entrust the assembly to a third party. Kits can vary significantly in terms of configuration, ranging from those in which the complete set + instructions to those in which the set of parts is not complete (that is, for example, you will have to order the engine and transmission separately).
At self assembly such a car, it will not hurt you:
- spacious garage;
- a complete set of necessary tools;
- good knowledge in auto mechanics;
- support team in the form of friends who will always help.
The importance of the team is hard to overestimate. For example, the guys in the video below assembled a car in just 7 days!
History of Kit Cars
Basic definition kit car- this is a car assembled from spare parts for sale. parts from a specific manufacturer. Most manufacturers tend to sell a complete set of spare parts needed to fully assemble a vehicle. These sets are usually accompanied detailed instructions and the model can be assembled in the garage by yourself.
Essentially, a Kit Car is just as good as a factory-built car, but by no means can we rule out factors such as efficiency and safety, which largely depend on the person doing the assembly.
The first Kit Car was designed by Englishman Thomas Hyler White in 1896. As you can see this species it took a long time to gain popularity.
By the 1950s, Kit Cars had shifted to second gear and their production increased significantly. And in the 1970s, the real Kit Car began in the UK - a revolution associated with the fact that such cars were not considered vehicle and were not taxed accordingly. Models such as the Lotus Elan appeared on the market, which could be assembled "at home" without paying tax on the purchase.
Most modern "models to build" are copies famous cars middle of the 20th century. With bodies made primarily of fiberglass and polyester panels, such models were lighter and easier to handle than a typical factory car.
What is in the box?
If you think: “Is this crazy?” - then think again!
Every year, thousands of assembly kits are sold all over the world. this means that when you read this article, some guys are sitting in their garage and making their own car after work. Kit Cars are relatively cheap and typically cost less than $3,000.
Most companies that sell these kits expect you to come and buy your chosen kit on designated days. Depending on the company you buy the kit from, this gap can vary from 1 to 10 days a year.
Regardless of the model you buy for yourself, the basic set will include: chassis, body parts, engine, radiator, transmission, clutch, brakes and shock absorbers. The set comes with a huge bag of nuts and bolts and other parts depending on the type of car you want to build. If you don't have a build guide, then it will be quite difficult to figure it out.
At the next stage, the most important thing is to correctly assemble everything, because in assembled car people will drive and it is important that the car does not fall apart under them and is safe. Most kits also include an instruction video where you can watch someone build the car.
If the instructions provided by the manufacturer are not enough for you, you can always consult other experienced amateurs. kit cars on special forums and resources on the Internet, but it is better to meet them in person (if there are such guys in your city). If you are collecting a car for the first time in your life, then use this option.
