Water injection into cylinders
Pour water into the combustion chamber?! Chrysler has dabbled in it in the past, General Motors, Saab. And recently this idea under the name WaterBoost was revived by Bosch. The nozzle sprays a small portion of water into the inlet pipeline under ignition combustible mixture, and thereby cools the combustion chamber in extreme heat or at high loads and engine speeds. But why is this necessary? Even modern motor to cool the combustion chambers, it injects fuel into them, which, evaporating, takes heat. And the replacement of fuel with water allows, according to the company, to reduce fuel consumption by 13% and reduce CO2 emissions by 4% - in our age of hard struggle for the environment and economy, these are significant numbers.
The supply of water itself is enough for more than 2000 km. Along the way, water injection also adds about 5% of the power of the turbo engine due to oxygen saturation of the forced air. Bosch believes that WaterBoost will work best on compact three- and four-cylinder engines. But the 500-horsepower BMW M4 GTS sports coupe with a 3-liter biturbo “six” has been the first to try on this decision. Next in line - simpler cars? However, Bosch is still solving the issue of the operation of this system in winter. But given that minders are already close to the limits of ICE capabilities, the game can be worth the candle.
benzodiesel
Already in 2019, a new Mazda3 with a Skyactive-X compressor engine, which combines the qualities of gasoline and diesel engines, will enter the world markets. The new Mazda 2-liter engines are distinguished by an almost "diesel" compression ratio: compared to the atmospheric Skyactive-G, it is increased from 14:1 to 15:1. Fuel injection now also takes place almost under "diesel" pressure, which reaches 1000 bar. Another feature of the new engine family is the SPCCI (Spark Plug Controlled Compression Ignition) duty cycle, that is, compression ignition with spark ignition control.
Mazda expects that new engine will be 20-30% more economical, and torque - 10-20% higher. The expected return is about 190 hp. and 230 Nm.
In this cycle, a small amount of fuel is injected on the intake stroke to form an ultra-lean mixture. Then, at the end of the compression stroke, another portion of gasoline is injected, a spark is supplied and a so-called “pilot” charge is formed around the candle: it raises the pressure in the combustion chamber and ignites the lean mixture. Mazda uses this cycle at low to medium loads with an air-fuel ratio of 30:1, although gasoline engines use more fuel with a ratio of 15:1. At high loads, the Skyactive-X operates like a conventional spark ignition engine.
Smart tire sensors
Tire pressure sensors are no surprise today. But Continental has recently expanded the capabilities of this familiar device by developing a new electronic system informing about the condition of the tires (Electronic Tire Information System). It has a special sensor not on rim, but it is already introduced at the production stage into the tire itself, under the tread tape - you can no longer damage it at the tire fitting.
Taking into account the nature of tire rolling and deformation, such a sensor reports not only pressure, but also the amount of tread wear and even the degree of wheel load. That is, the automation can complain not only about an overload or a drop in tire pressure, but it will also tell the driver when it is necessary to change the tires “for wear”. By the way, in April 2018, Continental announced that eTIS sensors in the future will also warn the driver about the risk of aquaplaning, and the stabilization system will be activated along the way.
"Mirror" brake discs
With the latest generation of the Cayenne crossover introduced in August 2017, Porsche company reinvented the wheel. More precisely, brake discs, calling them Porsche Surface Coated Brakes. They are based on a conventional ventilated cast iron "pancake", but the company claims to be the first in the world to apply a tungsten carbide coating on it. Its thickness is only 0.1 mm, while tungsten carbide is considered one of the hardest materials in the world, and in this indicator it surpasses cast iron by several times.
After high-temperature spraying, the mirror coating does not fade during operation, rust does not take it, and when working with special pads, such brake discs “dust” much less. By the way, to emphasize the purity of the work of these mechanisms, brake calipers specially dyed to White color. At the same time, "mirror" discs are 30% more tenacious than cast iron ones, and cost three times cheaper than carbon ceramics, to which they are close in terms of thermal stability during aggressive braking. No wonder the new Cayenne Turbo has them in basic equipment, and for other trim levels it is an option. And then the only question is how quickly competitors will borrow this technology ...
"Digital" suspension
Adaptive suspensions that adapt to the terrain and are able to change the stiffness of shock absorbers are still the lot expensive cars. But the American company Tenneco (shock absorbers Monroe and Rancho - its factories) intends to transfer adjustable shock absorbers to the mass segment of V / C cars. For this, the company developed the DRiV (Digital Ride Control Valve) damping technology. The essence of the system is in an inexpensive valve with three channels of different diameters, the fluid flow through which is regulated by digitally controlled solenoids.
Closing and opening the channels in different combinations, such a shock absorber has from 8 to 16 damping "scenarios". And the quick switching between them mimics the operation of more expensive adaptive struts with constantly working control valves. At the same time, in order to reduce the cost of the design, all control mechatronics, the control unit and accelerometers are assembled inside the DRiV shock absorber itself. That is, it can be put on almost any car - just connect the power supply. Connection to the CAN-bus of data exchange in modern cars is also provided.
But they should be simple and easy to use. We bring you ten new innovative technologies, which will appear on cars in the coming years.
1) Charging device on solar batteries.
Despite the fact that this technology appeared quite a long time ago, due to the high cost of application solar energy on cars, did not receive wide application V automotive industry. But very soon a significant breakthrough in solar cell technology is expected, the cost of production of which should be reduced tenfold.
Thanks to car solar panels, you can charge the battery, power the car air conditioner or infotainment system. This technology is great way reduce, without reducing the power of the car.
If the technology to use solar energy becomes cheaper, then the likelihood that in the not distant future on many cars as standard equipment will appear solar panels, very big.
2) Display on the windshield of the car.
If you have driven a car with HUD technology, you have probably noted for yourself that this technology is not just a convenience for the driver. So, it increases the safety of the driver when driving a car.
driver, having all important information(fuel level, engine temperature, speed, etc.) distracts your attention from the traffic situation less. At the moment, this technology is already being used on premium cars, as additional option. But soon, this feature will appear in standard on many middle-class cars, and subsequently in cheaper cars.
Projection onto Windshield- is one of the most best features in a car that appeared behind last years. Recall that this technology was previously used in military aircraft, helping pilots make decisions in a split second.
3) Manual transmission without clutch.
This technology was first used Nissan in their sports cars. Despite the fact that many automakers claim that mechanical box gear has outlived its usefulness, and much better, in fact it is not. In particular this applies sports cars, which need maximum acceleration without loss of speed. In 2009, Nissan was the first company in the world to use engine speed shift and synchronization technology on its cars, using mechanical transmission without clutch.
You can read more about this technology. It is possible that this technology may soon appear on many cars, as compared to automatic transmission manual transmission saves more fuel.
4) Use of thermal energy of the engine.
Engine internal combustion creates a lot of thermal energy, most of which is not used. Not long ago, a regenerative braking system appeared in the automotive industry, which allows saving fuel, reducing the level of harmful substances in car exhaust. So one wheel of a car during braking releases 96 kJ of thermal energy, which with the help of special equipment.
This energy is directed to electrical circuit car, which subsequently charges the battery ordinary car or battery hybrid car. Over the past few years, this technology has developed at a frantic pace and is likely to appear on many inexpensive cars within 5-7 years.
5) Flywheel system KERS.
This system first appeared on Formula 1 sports cars, which allows you to accumulate the energy of the car during engine operation and brake system, and subsequently use it to give the car additional acceleration. This system is currently being tested on a prototype production vehicle.
The kinetic energy recovery system, which was available only to supercars, is slowly but surely being introduced to cars. stock cars. Not far off, when the KERS system will appear on mid-range cars. Note that this system with a special flywheel design increases not only the power of the car, but also increases by 20-30 percent.
6) Intelligent car suspension.
Already today, which seemed like a fantasy for 10-15 years, it is possible for quite a bit of money on some premium cars, as an additional option to get adaptive suspension With magnetic shock absorbers. In the near future, a fully intelligent vehicle suspension will appear, which, using a variety of sensors and electronic block control will monitor the road surface every second.
Roughness and Quality Information pavement will enter a special computer, which, using special algorithms, will predict in advance, indicating electronic suspension, how to soften the impact of the wheels as much as possible when hitting a bump in the road. Thus, maximum comfort will be achieved when traveling in a car and maximum savings in the wear of the elements of the running gear of the car.
7) Reducing the cost of carbon fiber.
In the coming years, in order to reduce, manufacturers will only have to introduce l into the design of cars. The cost of this material has decreased significantly in recent years. Therefore, the massive use of carbon fiber in the automotive industry can no longer be stopped. It is quite possible that in 10-15 years almost all cars will be more than 50 percent made of carbon fiber.
8) Engine without camshaft.
Engine without camshafts allows you to reduce the level harmful emissions car, . At the moment such automotive companies, like Valeo, Ricardo PLC, Lotus Engineering, Koenigsegg and Cargine, have already explored this technology and are ready to mass-produce engines without camshafts in the future.
Instead of camshafts in such engines, electromagnetic, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators for controlling injection valves are installed.
9) Autopilot in a car.
Skeptics who a few years ago said that in the near future, the emergence of technologies in cars that allow electronics to drive a car without the participation of a driver is not expected, were mistaken. Nowadays, we must recognize the fact that cars with a system automatic driving are already on the road.
In many cars, a parking assistance system has become widespread, which allows you to park the car in the parking lot without the participation of the driver. This system works with the help of various sensors that inform the car about an obstacle. But with the advent of the new automatic control a car without the participation of the driver has acquired a new meaning.
Enough high speed the new one is able to drive a car without a driver, and in case of an obstacle, automatically slow down or stop. Apparently, soon this technology will begin to appear on mid-range cars.
10) Alternative fuels.
If not within 10 years, then in 20-30 years, our world will definitely face a shortage of oil reserves, which will affect the shortage of gasoline and diesel fuel. Accordingly, the cost of traditional fuel for cars will be very high. So, the search for a new source of fuel for the automotive industry is very relevant. Unfortunately, an alternative to oil has not yet been found. All other fuel sources replacing gasoline and diesel fuel have both their pluses and minuses, which is why they have not yet received mass distribution.
So cars running on hydrogen fuel have not received mass use due to the fact that hydrogen fuel must be stored in special massive containers. In addition, for hydrogen fuel a huge infrastructure is needed around the world, which is practically not developed in this moment. , most likely, even in 50-70 years they will not become a serious replacement for cars with internal combustion engines. This is due to the fact that, since they need to be constantly charged.
The emergence of new batteries larger capacity electricity than now is not expected in the near future. So, in order to become an alternative to traditional fuel, electric batteries must contain energy several times more than now and weigh several times less, as well as be several times smaller in size, which is not realistic with today's developments.
So, the question of the new fuel that will run the cars of the future remains open. It is quite possible that within the next decade, someone will discover a new environmentally friendly, cheap alternative fuel that can revolutionize the automotive industry and then maybe in 10-20 years we will see completely new cars that are not like those that surround us today.
This is a rating of achievements with which the future of the global automotive industry is associated. They appeared as a result of competition between manufacturers who strive to improve absolutely everything - from the engine to the smallest suspension elements. So, what is waiting for motorists in the near future, what innovations will they be pleased with by designers and other specialists working to improve the “iron horses”?
Digital improvement of shock absorbers
Manufacturer automotive equipment Tenneco wants to introduce adaptive damping for mass production. This is a new available system adjustable valves. The DRiV unit uses solenoids to control fluid flow through three ports with different diameters. Opening and closing the valves in different combinations creates eight different damping profiles, and quickly switching between these curves mimics the operation of the more expensive continuously variable valves that are common to adaptive dampers.
Tenneco also reduces the need for expensive computers and motion sensors by mounting control circuits and accelerometers on the damper itself. These devices are called DRiV and can be installed on shock absorbers for any car.
But Tenneco is positioning them as a solution for pickups, where adaptive damping can effectively reduce stress when driving over rough terrain or hauling loads.
New dynamics
With its pioneer Hypercar Mercedes-AMG, the German brand is accelerating a revolution in fuel technologies. This is a heat generator engine or MGU-H. The unit is different compact size, works on the principle of electric drive and is one of the most advanced technologies.
The compressor and turbine are mounted on a 1.6-liter V-6 engine and are separated by a relatively long shaft. It doubles as a rotor for the MGU-H in the Oreo turbine. At the same time, the engine torque does not get to the wheels, but its 107 hp. reduce the lag by rotating the turbine when the induction energy by itself is not enough. This technology will forever change the dynamics of street cars.
Pressure and tread depth under control
In a world where most appliances are able to work offline, car tires should not remain cord with layers of rubber. Information system electronic Continental tires eTIS uses a sensor attached directly to the tire to measure temperature, load and tread depth, and pressure. Like the engine oil monitoring system, eTIS can alert the driver when a tire needs to be changed. This message does not depend on mileage, but on the actual condition of the rubber.
Adaptive headlight technology
Headlights for maximum driver visibility and 100% intensity high beam without blinding oncoming drivers - the next stage in the development of automotive optics. This technology is known as adaptive steerable light lines, and its latest version is featured in the 2018 Audi A8, which goes on sale this spring in Europe and arrives in the US this fall.
Matrix LED headlights HD (Audi calls their system ADB) use 32 LEDs arranged in two rows. By turning off individual lighting elements or dimming them, millions of lighting modes can be created. The dimensions allow Audi to create a turning effect without moving parts and to use navigation system to predict the dimming pattern, turning off the lamps when there are obstacles ahead.
Only a few automakers produce similar systems lighting. But association officials and legislators are already working to turn adaptive headlights into efficient, mass-produced equipment.
Compression instead of spark
Mazda seems to have won the race of the decade in fuel detonation technology. Japanese manufacturer uses compression similar to diesel engine, not a spark. The company says it will sell a car using this fuel-saving technology by 2019.
There is one caveat - Skyactiv-X (as Mazda calls this engine) still relies on a spark to control compression ignition. A small dose of gas injected into the inlet at the beginning of the stroke creates homogeneous mixture air/fuel throughout the cylinder. But it is too depleted to ignite solely on compression. When the piston approaches top dead point, the injector is connected and the spark plug almost immediately ignites this fuel-rich pocket. The increase in pressure created here then leads to the burning of the lean mixture in the entire combustion chamber.
Mazda uses this method at low to medium loads with an air-fuel ratio of approximately 30.0:1. Conventional gas units use significantly more fuel with ratios as low as 15.0:1. At high loads, Skyactiv-X works like conventional engine with spark ignition. Equipped with a supercharger, 2.0-liter japanese motor produces about 190 hp, and Mazda promises a 30 percent improvement in fuel efficiency with such an engine.
Down with iron oxide dust
Porsche trim brakes use conventional iron rotors with a 0.004-inch layer of tungsten carbide. This is done to prevent the formation of iron oxide dust that often coats wheels and calipers. powerful cars. The coating also gives the wheels a polished, high-gloss finish to help justify Porsche's premium status.
According to the designers famous brand, the top-secret PSCB system will significantly reduce braking distances vehicle regardless of speed and will last up to 30% longer. This technology will debut on the 2019 Cayenne. PSCB systems will be fitted with white calipers to show their cleanliness.
High voltage
According to experts, one refueling of a car with gasoline takes an average of 3 minutes and 33 seconds. EV drivers connect to high-speed DC stations for an average of 22 minutes and still take significantly longer to charge than a combustion engine car.
Porsche leads the electric drive segment with a 350 kW unit. That's more than double the 120kW Tesla setup found at Superchargers. Simply increasing the amperage to support a 350-kilowatt plant on modern 400-volt equipment would require bulky cables with liquid cooled, so Porsche suggests simply doubling the voltage instead.
This requires a large-scale redesign of almost all on-board electronics, but solves the problem of using thick cables. It also has the unexpected side effect of eliminating about 37 kilograms of electrical wiring and electronics. A full charge will still take minutes, but 450 amps at 800 volts can produce 90 kilowatt-hours, which is enough for 360 kilometers.
The next step in battery development
Replacing the liquid or gel electrolyte of a lithium-ion battery with a crystalline, solid counterpart can double energy capacity, improve longevity, and fix problems that can turn an electric car into a fireball. Such solid-state batteries are the most promising successor modern batteries EV. While most experts say the technology is far from being manufactured, Toyota says it will begin mass-producing solid-state batteries from the early 2020s.
Water dispersion and thermal limit
As automakers improve efficiency powerful engines, they are getting closer to thermal limits as the fuel explodes with a catastrophic release of energy. Bosch's WaterBoost system cools the intake charge by spraying a fine mist of water into the intake ports during high-speed driving.
BMW uses water injection in M4 GTS to boost power from 444 Horse power up to 493, and latest Porsche 911 GT2 RS produces 700 hp with water injection. The technology also increases engine efficiency and reduces harmful emissions.
Airing
Changing the path of the air, rather than adjusting the forms it interacts with, is the approaching frontier in active aerodynamics. Although several cars currently use this trick, the Lamborghini Huracán Performante does it in the most elegant way.
Drawing air into the struts that support the car's rear fender and then expelling it through vents built into the bottom of the hollow fender reduces drag and downforce. When it is required to increase the latter, air flow in the rack is blocked, which allows the wing to function traditionally. In addition, its interior space is divided into two parts, so that it is possible to create more downforce on one side, helping the Lambo Junior to smoothly enter turns.
The novelties presented at CES-2016 once again prove that the world of cars and the world of technology closely merge, and as a result new concepts and control systems are obtained. Looking at these achievements, you can see the car of the future.
The Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas is primarily a technology show, but this year, car manufacturers have combined this event with the presentation of a wide variety of cutting-edge concept cars.
Debuted new items Volkswagen, BMW, Aston Martin and new manufacturer Faraday Future, while many others showcased their latest technologies and innovations at the show. The most popular topic among newest cars this year is to connect machines to the network. Most manufacturers have shown how their cars will be able to connect to others smart devices in future.
Big companies also showed how they are raising the level automotive technology to meet the needs of today's tech-savvy shoppers.
Take a look at 17 key automotive technology news from the 2016 Consumer Electronics Show.
1 Aston Martin Rapide S
Aston Martin's Connected Car concept car features an infotainment system developed by Chinese tech giant Letv. Aston Martin also intends to build an electric supercar for Letv.
2. Audi interior concept
Like the concept e-tron quattro, in the cabin new Audi a new generation infotainment system was installed.
3. BMW i8 Mirrorless Concept
BMW wants to demonstrate the benefits of replacing exterior mirrors with cameras that can cover a wider field of view and warn drivers of danger.
4. Bosch tactile touch screen
Bosch plans to help keep the driver's eyes on the road with a new haptic feedback infotainment system.
5.Electric Chevrolet Bolt
The new, all-electric hatchback from General Motors offers a claimed range of 320 kilometers.
6. Crazy Faraday Future Concept
The FFZERO1 is the first concept car from a new Chinese startup that turned out to be good enough to make CES attendees break their necks. The car announces the styling of a new company.
7. Autonomous future of Ford
The Blue Oval is tripling the size of its autonomous test transport fleet. Real world testing continues in several US states.
8. Harman eye tracking system
Harman's new technology uses driver eye-tracking software and a camera to monitor driver status and alertness.
9 Jaguar F-Pace Connected Car
Jaguar is partnering with Intel to showcase connected cars. This F-Pace will prompt the driver if he leaves personal items in the house.
10 Audi Virtual Reality
In that year Audi will start using virtual reality headsets in its dealer network. This will allow customers to visualize their car in real time.
11. Kia Drive Wise
All future Kia autonomous driving technologies will be branded Drive Wise. The brand is getting ready to be tested on the roads common use in the state of Nevada.
12. Rinspeed Etos
Rinspeed's latest concept car is based on the BMW i8 and features a drone that can be sent to pick up a package or stream the ride online. The car is also fully autonomous and has a customizable interior.
13. Mapping from Toyota
This is a new technology for building the surrounding world from individual parts of the image, using data from GPS devices and on-board cameras.
14. Vision of the future from BMW i
Even small cars like the VW Golf are equipped with new technologies.
New German next-generation infotainment system with gesture control and advanced voice recognition.
17. Control Volvo with smart watch.
Owners of the Microsoft Band 2 smartwatch will soon be able to control the controls of their cars.
Thanks to the latest technologies, the automotive industry in the coming years will produce .
