What is the best way to fill the cooling system. What is better to fill in in winter: antifreeze or antifreeze? Freezing at home

What to pour Tosol or Antifreeze?

What's better - antifreeze or antifreeze? Can they be mixed? How to choose the right coolant? These questions are of concern to many novice motorists. Let's try to answer them and decide on the main question - what is better to fill in, antifreeze or antifreeze? Before proceeding to the analysis, it is necessary to understand what a coolant is, why it is needed, and on the basis of what it is produced.

Characteristics of coolants

The task of any coolant (coolant) is to prevent the engine from overheating during operation. Previously, ordinary or distilled water was used in this capacity, but its use has a number of disadvantages, including:

• water freezes in frost and boils at a temperature of + 100 ° C, that is, it has a small operating temperature range;
• water has a negative effect on some elements of the engine cooling system, in particular, exposes them to corrosion.

It was these shortcomings that at one time forced automakers to invent coolants based on a water-glycol composition. In the territory former USSR The most popular coolants are liquids using ethylene glycol. In addition, anti-corrosion additives are added to the coolant composition to prevent corrosion of the elements of the cooling system. They are of two types:

• silicate. Such formulations cover the inner surface of the parts of the system a small layer of scale. This reduces the amount of thermal energy recirculation. As a rule, such coolants have green color.
• Carboxylate. These formulations perform corrosion protection in those places where it is most likely by creating a protective layer. At the same time, carboxylate compounds have more long term service, and when replacing the coolant, there is no need to flush the system. The color of such liquids is red.

This classification is the standard worldwide. However, at present, many manufacturers use various dyes in the production, which make it difficult to identify a particular liquid.

Antifreeze and antifreeze, what's the difference

What is the difference between antifreeze and antifreeze

First, let's define them. Antifreeze (from English word antifreeze - non-freezing) is the general name for liquids that do not freeze in the cold. In English-speaking countries to determine automotive antifreeze the term Antifreeze Coolant is used. There are separate trade marks antifreeze, such as GlasELF, GlycoShell, Havoline, Glysantin, Prestone.

"Tosol" is separate brand coolant. It first appeared in the USSR in 1971, when Zhiguli began to be produced on its territory. They needed a coolant with increased operational characteristics, which were not available for liquids produced at that time in the country. It was developed at the State Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology, in the Department of Organic Synthesis Technology. This is where the abbreviation TOS comes from. The ending “ol” means that the liquid belongs to alcohols.

Initially, "Tosol" had a composition fixed by the state standard. But at present, manufacturers produce coolants based on their own specifications. Therefore, on the territory of Russia and the CIS countries you can find the most different brands Tosola with different quality both high and below average.

Antifreeze is a broader concept that is used to define coolants. And antifreeze is one of its varieties. Such a confusion in words arose due to the fact that after the collapse of the USSR, on the territory of the former Soviet republics appeared a large number of foreign cars that needed high-quality coolant. And in the minds of the population, antifreeze was associated only with the Zhiguli. Therefore, enterprising businessmen began to call all coolants antifreeze. And only the coolant for the "Lada" - antifreeze.

There are two main types of antifreeze - normal and for the conditions of the north. The first has a freezing point of -40 ° C (has a blue color), the second - -65 ° C (has a red color). Distinctive feature antifreeze - the use of ethylene glycol. That is, it was created mineral basis. The remaining components are various silicate additives. It has a low resource, about 30 thousand kilometers.

Foreign antifreezes, as a rule, are created using organic additives that are designed to reduce the level of oxidation of working surfaces at high temperatures. That is, they are made using more advanced technology.

The composition of antifreeze and antifreeze

Tosol is produced on the basis of ethylene glycol / glycerin / di- / triethylene glycol (“anti-freeze agents”) or their mixture. In addition, it includes water, dye and corrosion inhibitors (their composition is different for each manufacturer). Antifreeze is made on the basis of similar antifreezes, however, with the use of organic additives. We present to your attention a table that lists the substances that are part of antifreeze and antifreeze.

Now let's take a closer look at the classes of antifreezes, the evolution of their development, as well as the substances that make up their composition.

Antifreeze classes

Antifreezes are classified using the letter G and a number by which you can judge its composition and properties. The ancestor of such marking is the world famous company Volkswagen, which once produced popular brands antifreeze "VW coolant G 11" and "VW coolant G 12".

So, in accordance with the marking adopted in Volkswagen, the following types of antifreeze are currently used:

• Silicate, designated as G11(corresponding to VW TL 774-C specification). By the way, the old Soviet “Tosol” also belongs to this type. The principle of action of the composition is the formation of a thin protective film, which prevents corrosion of the elements of the cooling system. Volkswagen recommended it for cars own production until 1996 release. Generally, G11 fluids are green or Blue colour. Liquids contain nitrates, amines, nitrites, borates, phosphates, silicates.
• Carboxylate, have the designation G12(corresponding to VW TL 774-D specification). In Europe, G12 antifreezes are recommended for use in cars up to 2001. Has red or pink color.
• Hybrid, G12+(corresponding to VW TL 774-F specification). Designed for high-speed engines with a high temperature load, they are used for cars manufactured in 1997 ... 2008 (in our country it is also used for newer ones). Has a red color.
• Lobrid. It has index G12++(corresponding to VW TL 774-G specification) or G13. In the latter case, instead of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol is used as the base. Such antifreezes are not poisonous, decompose quickly and cause much less harm to the environment. However, their disadvantage is their high cost, so they are rarely used in the CIS countries. These antifreezes are recommended for use in vehicles manufactured in 2008 and later. Has an orange or yellow color.

It should be noted separately that most of the domestic market antifreeze does not meet the mentioned specifications from Volkswagen. In addition, in order to have an official license, antifreeze must be certified in the company's laboratories. Naturally, 99% of the liquids sold did not pass such a test. Therefore, the classification of antifreezes according to the G-parameter is very conditional, and it should be treated with a grain of salt.

Antifreeze G12, its features and difference from antifreezes of other classes

Antifreeze G12 is designed for the coolant system modern engine. It has its own characteristics and differences from G11, G12 +, G13 antifreezes. The difference in the compatibility of g12 antifreeze with other coolants in stabilizing additives

Is it possible to mix antifreeze and antifreeze

Experiment on mixing antifreeze and antifreeze

In such a formulation, to which most domestic motorists are accustomed, the question is not entirely correct to pose. Since we have already found out that antifreeze is also antifreeze, it would be more correct to ask - what brands of antifreeze can be mixed with each other?

Omitting unnecessary details about possible chemical reactions, it can be argued that class G12 +, G12 ++, G13 antifreezes can be mixed with G11 without problems. And G12 can be mixed with G12+. However DO NOT mix G12 and G11. As a result of their reaction in the radiator, you run the risk of getting a deposit that is very difficult to flush out of the system. In some cases, even a jelly-like mixture may occur instead of the radiator fluid.

Therefore, based on general considerations, we do not recommend that you mix different types of antifreeze. This can be done only in exceptional cases, and on condition that you know what kind of liquid is filled in the radiator, and what kind you are going to fill in. Also, never focus only on the color of antifreeze. What you have new fluid a color like the one that is poured into a car engine does not mean at all that they can be mixed with each other. Additional specifications need to be clarified.

Mixing antifreeze and antifreeze with water

The dependence of the freezing point on the concentration of antifreeze

Many motorists are interested in the question - is it possible to mix antifreeze and antifreeze with water? We hasten to please them - you can. However, with some reservations. The first condition is that the water must be distilled. The second fact that you must remember is that the more you dilute the coolant, the more it will lose its properties. In particular, its boiling point decreases and its freezing point rises.

As can be seen from the graph, the crystallization curve goes down to the level when the amount of ethylene glycol is 67% and water is 33%. Up to this point, the solution is ice crystals and ethylene glycol. Both liquids freeze at the bottom point.

Therefore, to increase the volume of liquid in the radiator, you can use distilled water, but try to add antifreeze or antifreeze as soon as possible. Moreover, it is desirable that they be of the same brand that was filled before.

Coolant ratio

What is better to fill in, antifreeze or antifreeze?

Is it possible to pour antifreeze into the cooling system

The choice of brand of coolant must be made, focusing on the following parameters:

• boiling temperature;
• freezing point;
• anticorrosive properties;
• lubricating properties.

There is also a dilemma related to periodicity. If you plan to use antifreeze or class G11 antifreeze, then you will have to change it 2-3 times more often than. However, its cost will be higher, which will pay off with a rarer replacement. However, given the other positive characteristics of class G12 and higher antifreeze, we still recommend using them. The main factor to consider in this case is the compatibility of the heatsink material and chemical composition cool.

When choosing, you should also follow the recommendations of the automaker on which coolant to use. This information can be found in the manual or on the official website. Always focus on information about the approval (approval) of the manufacturer of your car on the use of one or another antifreeze.

When choosing a coolant, always pay attention to the content of borates (boers) and phosphates. Official specifications Volkswagen G11, G12, G12 +, G12 ++ prohibit the presence of borates in antifreeze. A domestic producers(including some Tosolov) often sin with this. Also antifreeze should not be phosphates, amines And nitrite. If the liquid contains borates and phosphates, then it certainly does not fall into the categories G11 and G12. As for silicates, in G11 antifreezes their content is allowed in the range of 500-680 mg / l, in G12 + - 400-500 mg / l, and in G12 ++ the presence of silicates is prohibited.

How to distinguish fake antifreeze

There is one folk method how to distinguish fake antifreeze from branded. The fact is that fakes are acid-based, which can damage the elements of the engine cooling system. To reveal this, after purchase, it is enough to pour a little purchased liquid into a cap or a small vessel and add a pinch of baking soda to it. If a violent chemical reaction has not occurred, you can safely pour liquid into the radiator. Otherwise, you need to take a canister and go to sort things out with the sellers from whom you bought antifreeze, demanding your money back.

To determine the authenticity of antifreeze, as well as its properties, upon purchase, you can check its density and pH (acidity). In the first case, a density meter (hydrometer) is used, in the second, a litmus test. Density measurement must be carried out at a temperature of +20°C. Significant deviations will lead to significant errors. So, at this temperature coolant density must be not less than 1.075 g/cm3. This density means that the liquid will not freeze in frost down to -40°C.

Table of the dependence of the density and freezing point of antifreeze and antifreeze on the content of ethylene glycol in them

Density of antifreeze, antifreeze, g/cm3	The content of ethylene glycol in percent, in antifreeze, antifreeze	Freezing point of antifreeze, antifreeze, °С
1,115	100	-12
1,113	99	-15
1,112	98	-17
1,111	96	-20
1,110	95	-22
1,109	92	-27
1,106	90	-29
1,099	80	-48
1,093	75	-58
1,086	67	-75
1,079	60	-55
1,073	55	-42
1,068	50	-34
1,057	40	-24
1,043	30	-15

Acidity is tested by dipping litmus paper into the liquid. Ideally, the pH value should be in the range of 7 ... 9 (green paper). If you get a value of 1 ... 6 (pink paper), then there is a lot of acid in the solution. If 10 ... 13 (purple or blue paper) - alkali.

In conclusion, I will say that...

The final decision on which fluid to use is up to you. When choosing, consider car manufacturer's recommendations. When buying, always read the information about the composition of the coolant, as well as the conditions for its use. Because the fundamental difference there is no antifreeze between antifreeze and antifreeze, and it only lies in the composition of additive packages, and, accordingly, the area of ​​​​applicability (for which cars or engines) and the service life. This will save you from possible problems in the operation of your vehicle's cooling system.

Always keep an eye on the condition of the antifreeze, in particular on its color in expansion tank. If you have not yet traveled the distance declared for the liquid, and it has already changed color, That needs to be replaced. Also, do not forget to change the coolant in accordance with the schedule. Do not override even with the most modern antifreeze.

Very often, motorists do not attach due importance coolant V engine cooling system, and in most cases, not only do they not change the coolant at all, but they don’t even know what exactly is poured into the engine cooling system of their car. Such carelessness is in vain. After all, from the right choice between antifreeze and antifreeze further Maintenance the whole car. And so, let's see which is better - antifreeze or antifreeze.

Such division coolants for antifreeze and antifreeze exists only in Russia. On the origin and history of occurrence TOSOL has already been repeatedly described in various media. According to Arteco, up to 22% of all breakdowns are directly, and 40% are directly or indirectly related to the engine cooling system. Therefore, due attention to cooling and right choice coolant can help save money and time.

The composition of lubricating coolants includes mixtures of ethylene glycol (sometimes mixtures of propylene glycol are included), water and a whole package of corrosion inhibitor additives. Coolants different manufacturers differ from each other precisely in the production technology of the additives that make up their composition.

When choosing a lubricating coolant for your car, first of all, you need to study its owner's manual or service book for the manufacturer's recommendations and possible nuances the use of a particular liquid, known to the latter. In such a manual, the automaker can prescribe specific manufacturers and names of cutting fluids that have successfully passed all the tests and tests (laboratory, bench, operational) conducted by the automaker, or prescribe a class of such fluids. These include liquids produced using one of the following technologies:

• traditional - the composition includes additive packages based on salts of inorganic acids (nitrates, nitrites, borates, silicates, phosphates, amines),
• carboxylate (OAT) - the composition includes additive packages based on salts of organic acids (carbonates),
• hybrid - a kind of carboxylate technology, in which additive packages are created on the basis of salts of carboxylic acids with minor additions of silicates and / or phosphates).

On Russian market lubricating fluids produced according to the traditional ( antifreeze) and carboxylate ( antifreeze) technologies.

Antifreeze It has many advantages over antifreeze, which you should definitely familiarize yourself with:

1. Improved efficiency of the engine cooling system.

Coolants produced by traditional technology form protective layer on the surface of the metal, which can reach 0.5 mm.

Although this layer protects the metal from corrosion, at the same time it significantly impairs heat dissipation (up to 50%) due to its very low thermal conductivity. Thus, antifreeze works as a kind of insulator that worsens heat transfer. Consequently, the engine starts to run at a higher temperature than that specified and recommended by the automaker. This in turn leads to more rapid wear engine, as well as reduced power and higher fuel consumption.

Carboxylate coolants, such as CoolStream, are inherent increased efficiency engine cooling. These liquids form a protective layer exclusively in those places where corrosion is formed with a thickness of 0.0006 mm (60 angstroms). And since a protective layer is not formed on the rest of the inner surface, the heat sink does not deteriorate.

2. Longer use life of carboxylate coolant (antifreeze)

Antifreeze additive packages consist of compositions of salts of inorganic acids (nitrates, borates, silicates, phosphates, nitrites).

It can be stated with certainty that in the production of 90% of domestic coolants such corrosion inhibitors as silicates and nitrites are used. In this case, silicates are added mainly for the purpose of anti-corrosion protection of aluminum, and nitrites are added to protect against cavitation erosion. The packages of these additives are balanced, but in the event of a violation of the composition due to the faster consumption of one of the components, the coolant loses its beneficial features. As can be seen in the graph below, silicates and nitrites are depleted in the first place, and after 30-40 thousand km of the car's run, the coolant based on them almost completely loses its protective qualities.

At the same time, antifreezes produced using carboxylate technology remain stable for almost the entire period of use. Thanks to the protection, which acts only in places that need it, the consumption of additives is much slower. For example, for this reason, the service life of CoolStream Premium antifreeze reaches 250 thousand km or 5 years of operation for cars, and 650 thousand km for trucks; and the service life of CoolStream Standard antifreeze is 100 thousand km or 2 years of operation.

3. Excellent aluminum protection at high temperatures

In the process of building modern cars aluminum is increasingly being used as a structural material. And this trend of recent times is poorly combined with coolants produced using traditional technology - antifreeze.

The main disadvantage antifreeze is the inability of its constituent additives based on inorganic compounds to protect aluminum at high temperatures- above 105 ºС Celsius, and at high heat fluxes. For this reason, most automakers have abandoned the use of antifreeze in their cars.

And carboxylate antifreezes, on the contrary, best protect structures made of aluminum and its alloys.

For clarity, the table shows the comparative results of a high-temperature dynamic test for aluminum corrosion in different coolants, proving the superiority of carboxylate fluids over traditional ones.

4. Extending the life of the water pump up to one and a half times

The main cause of water pump wear is hydrodynamic cavitation. This physical process consists in the formation and collapse of coolant gas bubbles near the surface of the moving pump blades. When gas bubbles pop, hydrodynamic micro-shocks occur on the surface of the blade, which pull out molecules. At frequent use and prolonged exposure to such micro-impacts, caverns (shells) are formed and the blades are destroyed.

Unfortunately, so far none of the existing coolants can by chemical means save the pump blades by completely preventing this physical process.

However, unlike traditional coolants, carboxylate antifreezes, due to the “targeted” orientation of their protection, reduce the effects of cavitation and thus increase the life of the water pump by up to 50%.

5. Excellent protection against cavitation of cylinder liners

Cylinder liners are also subject to significant influence of hydrodynamic and high-temperature cavitation. You can see for yourself the validity of the statement about the effectiveness of protecting cylinder liners with carboxylate antifreeze by looking at a photo from 2007, which shows a Renault MIDR Y41 engine cylinder installed on a MAZ 103-41 bus with a mileage of 230 thousand km.

1. 6. High stability of qualities and properties of antifreezes.

Traditional coolants use silicates, which have the negative property of gelling. Liquids containing phosphates may form insoluble fractions that precipitate. This sediment, along with gels, blocks the thermostat and clogs the radiator, and ultimately disrupts the engine cooling system.

Carboxylate antifreezes are characterized by high stability of qualities and the absence of the formation of gels and sediment during use.

7. Improved compatibility with elastomers and plastics.

In the cooling system of car engines, plastic, elastomeric, rubber-silicone and other similar materials are used, to which carboxylate antifreezes are absolutely non-aggressive. This fact is confirmed by 15 years of practical tests carried out by Arteco, millions of kilometers and thousands of engine hours. And as a sign of confidence in the results of these tests, a large number of automakers include Arteco antifreezes based on carboxylate additives in the list of recommended coolants.

8. No deposits and blockages in the radiator.

Coolants produced by traditional technology tend to form deposits and small insoluble particles that impair heat transfer and clog the radiator. Whereas carboxylate antifreezes do not have such negative qualities and do not form deposits and blockages during the entire period of their use.

Antifreeze Antifreeze

9. Environmentally friendly carboxylate corrosion inhibitors.

Due to the extended service life (for antifreeze under brand CoolStream Premium - 250 thousand km or 5 years for cars, or 650 thousand km for freight transport) automatically reduces the amount of used coolants that must be disposed of.

Corrosion inhibitors based on carboxylates have more low class harm and danger to environment, so they are more environmentally friendly than traditional inhibitors.

10. Excellent stability at high temperatures.

Modern car engines designed for increased load during operation. Automakers lay the temperature up to 135 ºС and pressure up to 3 atmospheres as the upper limit of the working norm.

Useful properties of traditional corrosion inhibitors are already lost at a temperature of 105 ºС. At this temperature, the inhibitors break down and cannot provide sufficient engine protection at high temperatures. In the same time, carboxylate antifreezes retain their stability under the above conditions and continue to effectively protect the engine.

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Antifreeze or antifreeze, which is better to use in the engine cooling system? What is the difference between antifreeze and antifreeze, and how to distinguish them from each other? Is it possible to mix antifreeze with antifreeze, and what will happen if they are mixed? You will find answers to these and many other questions about car coolants in our article.

There are really a lot of myths about what is better to fill in the cooling system. Therefore, it is very difficult for an ordinary motorist to find the truth in the mass of conflicting information that has accumulated on the Internet. We will try to help you with this and debunk all the myths about antifreeze and antifreeze.

Instructions for replacing antifreeze in the engine cooling system, maybe it will come in handy.

The difference between antifreeze and antifreeze

What is the difference between antifreeze and antifreeze, and how can they be distinguished from each other?

1. Antifreeze- this is the international name for coolants for engine cooling systems (mandatory reading: a large educational program on antifreezes).
2. Antifreeze- this is also antifreeze, only domestic production. It is no worse and no better than other coolants.

The word "antifreeze", in fact, is an abbreviation of the name of the department "Technology of organic synthesis" (abbreviated as TOS) of the Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, in which it was developed in 1971. The ending "OL" denotes belonging to the group of alcohols.

In those days, no one thought to patent the name "antifreeze" and now it is used by many domestic antifreeze manufacturers. To date, no manufacturer produces antifreeze according to the recipe of that very real Soviet "Tosol".

This is neither good nor bad, it's just that manufacturers use a popular name among motorists for marketing purposes. Therefore, in most cases, under the brand name "Tosol" you can purchase quality antifreeze for the engine cooling system. The main thing in this matter is to choose a trusted manufacturer, and not to buy the first canister that comes across with the inscription "Tosol".

Antifreezes are divided into mineral (class G11), organic (class G12) and lobrid (class G12 ++ and G13) - the difference between them lies in the base and additives used.

• Tosol refers to mineral antifreezes. Its service life is 50,000 km or 2 years of operation.
• Organic antifreezes can be used up to 5 years or 250,000 km.
• And lobrid antifreezes are compatible with any other coolants for cars, and they can be safely added to new engines.

Tosol is more used in domestic cars Oh. Antifreeze and antifreeze have the same base - ethylene glycol, and their density is different. Therefore, one hydrometer is used to measure the density of antifreeze, and another is used for antifreeze.

There are antifreezes and antifreezes according to certain parameters:

• boiling point;
• freezing temperature;
• anti-corrosion properties;
• Lubricating properties.

Coolants are available in colors such as green, blue, yellow and red. This is achieved through the use of dyes.

We figured out the difference between antifreeze and antifreeze, now we can move on to the next common question among motorists.

Antifreeze or antifreeze - which is better to use?

It is necessary to choose what is better to use (antifreeze or antifreeze), based on the characteristics of the cooling system of the machine.

So how are u different cars it consists of various materials, then for some brands in the cooling system mainly more copper and brass are used, while for others - aluminum and its alloys.

Thus:

1. Red antifreeze suitable if your autoradiator is mostly made of copper and brass (yellow radiator).
2. Green antifreeze suitable when there is more aluminum and its alloys in the heat exchanger (silver-colored radiator).
3. Antifreeze in most cases, it will do if you have a domestic car (this is especially true for old cast-iron engines).

Is it possible to mix antifreeze with antifreeze, and what will happen if they are mixed?

Many are haunted by the question of what will happen if you mix antifreeze with antifreeze, and can these liquids be mixed at all? We answer.

According to GOST, the coolant, whether it be antifreeze or antifreeze, should not contain mechanical impurities. It should be transparent and uniform. Antifreezes of different classes may have the same color, but this does not mean at all that they can be mixed with each other. Even when mixing antifreeze from different manufacturers, a suspension of small but solid particles may appear.

And when mixing mineral and synthetic antifreeze, even if they are of at least one color, a cloudy precipitate is almost guaranteed to fall out, which will certainly settle in the car's cooling system. This sediment will eventually clog the radiator, stop the pump and cause the engine to boil.

If you mix antifreezes of the same category, but different colors and manufacturers, it is likely that their characteristics (eg freezing and boiling points) will not change. However, after heating, such a mixture may form a suspension of barely visible solid particles. It is impossible to unequivocally say or somehow predict how this "suspension" will behave in the engine cooling system.

In order to avoid problems with the car, we do not advise you to engage in such dubious experiments on mixing antifreezes, and we recommend periodically flushing the engine cooling system.

Experience shows that it is relatively safe and without deplorable consequences for the motor, mineral (G11 or antifreeze) and organic (G12) antifreezes can only be mixed with high-quality universal antifreeze of the G12 ++ class. Therefore, if you do not know exactly what kind of coolant is filled in your car, then once again it's not worth the risk - add only universal antifreeze.

Video: antifreeze or antifreeze - what is better to fill in the cooling system?

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How is Tosol different from antifreeze? The same way herring differs from fish! This is the name of an ancient liquid, which eventually became a household name. Comparing antifreezes and antifreezes is the same as talking about the differences between Zhiguli and cars! Because "Tosol" is also antifreeze.

Where did the confusion in terms come from?
A long time ago, water was poured into car radiators. In the cold, it was diluted with ethylene glycol, which made it possible to avoid freezing of the liquid. Such a mixture did not threaten to rupture the cylinder block and radiator, since it turned into a viscous sludge with small ice crystals. For ancient cars with cast-iron engines and brass radiators, such a liquid was also safe in relation to corrosion, and therefore the solution seemed ideal. This is how the first antifreeze was born. Because in translation, antifreeze means: “against frost”!
Problems began with the advent of more modern cars. Circulating through brand new cooling systems, the heated antifreeze literally devoured the metal, gnawing out pieces of the impeller and the walls of the channels of the block head ... Therefore, the GosNIIOKhT institute created an original coolant composition capable of curbing the corrosive activity of "ordinary" antifreeze. Additives based on inorganic salts began to be introduced into its composition - they formed on metal surfaces ethylene glycol resistant layer.
The name of the novelty arose like this. The first three letters were taken from the plate above the department door: "Technology of organic synthesis." The ending "ol" comes from chemical terminology. As a result, "Tosol" was born!
The name seemed so successful that from an abbreviation poti-honku turned into a common noun. And since the "Lada" in the seventies was our symbol life success, then "Tosol" fell into the category of elite liquids for the elite. It was then that a stereotype formed in the minds: they say, "Tosol" is a liquid suitable only for "Lada"!
A few decades later, the situation in the country has changed dramatically: the term "Lada" has become almost a curse word, and any "Zhiguli" component has become synonymous with base hack-work. As a result, "Tosol" in the mouths of sellers by inertia began to be considered a kind of liquid for domestic - read, "bad" - cars! Moreover, for some reason, any antifreeze for “our” cars began to be called this name! Just as a layman confidently calls any off-road vehicle, and not just the American Jeep, a jeep ....
Recall again: any coolant is antifreeze! Just like Mercedes, Kalina and ZIL are all cars! And "Tosol" is also antifreeze! Another thing is that modern antifreezes are as different from a mixture of water and ethylene glycol as a car of the third millennium is from the first self-propelled carriages. But, alas: “antifreeze” and “antifreeze” have confidently become common nouns, as well as almost synonymous with the terms “bad” and “good”!
Unfortunately, this division of coolants was willingly supported by the entire "chain" of intermediaries, from wholesalers to retailers. In what is called "Tosol" today, manufacturers most often add additives that provide only minimal anti-corrosion properties - and this is understandable! Firstly, it is cheap, secondly, they will buy more often, and thirdly, it will do for the Zhiguli. But numerous liquids with an inscription like "ANTIFREEZE" were much less fortunate. Some, even major manufacturers they don’t bother with new developments and implementations, but pour the same “antifreeze” of the 70s and 80s of the last century into such canisters. And what is inside - what is it, this antifreeze? Silicate, carboxylate, lobrid? Many sellers do not even know such words.
So what to buy? There is only one answer: for "serious" modern machines only antifreezes from advanced manufacturers are suitable! The best confirmation of such “advancement” is a reference to the approval of the product by a serious automaker, be it Mercedes, Volkswagen, etc. Therefore, it is better to immediately bypass any unknown brands - it will not be worse. Of course, any “company” can be faked, and any nonsense can be written on the canister, but the Internet can help here. Every major automaker's website lists exactly who it gave its approval to.

What is better, TOSOL or antifreeze - such a question often arises among motorists and not only. And in general, how do they differ? Often you can find the opinion that this is actually one and the same. And a sharply opposite disdain for antifreeze, emphasizing that antifreeze is definitely better. Who is right and where is the truth? Let's try to figure it out.

Why do you need coolants in a car

Coolant in the expansion tank of a car

During operation of the engine, it invariably overheats, especially when increased power, when working on high speed or when sub-zero temperatures in winter. Overheating harms the motor and the car as a whole, leads to breakdowns and failure. Therefore, a running engine must be cooled.

Once there were systems air cooling- with airflow, but more advanced and used in all modern vehicles is fluid system cooling. The liquid poured into it washes the heating engine, at the same time it cools it and heats up itself. Entering the radiator, it gives off heat to its plates and cools.

Coolants are not water. Water boils already at 100 degrees Celsius, expands when solidified, which leads to rupture of pipes and other damage to the system. The inevitable consequence of its use will be corrosion - simply put, rust and destruction. metal parts systems.

Antifreezes also contain water, but the main component is alcohol (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, monoethylene glycol, etc.), plus additives in the form of various chemical compounds, which have anti-corrosion, lubricating properties, extend the life of such a liquid and perform a number of other useful functions.

Interesting! It is customary to distinguish between antifreeze and antifreeze. In theory, the latter can be called any coolant. The English word antifreeze is translated as "non-freezing". That is, those who claim that they are one and the same are not so wrong. And antifreeze is a proper name, which has long become a household name. However, in our country it is customary to separate one from the other. Let's take a closer look at what they are and how they differ.

What is TOSOL

Antifreeze A-40M and OZH-40

Many motorists consider antifreeze to be a primitive antifreeze and do not even know what this name means and where it came from. So what is antifreeze anyway?

The history of the creation of TOSOL

TOSOL is a coolant invented in the middle of the 20th century by Soviet scientists. Before that, there was the only domestic coolant - antifreeze according to GOST 159, as it was called (in some cases they also used water). This product had low quality. If he still somehow coped with his cooling duties, then otherwise he left much to be desired: he foamed, quickly became unusable, and caused corrosion.

And here domestic auto industry did not stand still. New model"Zhiguli" prompted scientists to think that a completely new quality of cooling is also needed. The State Allied Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology has started development. The work went on for three years. Finally, scientists from the Department of Organic Synthesis Technology (TOS for short) managed to create a completely new antifreeze for Zhiguli. He received the name TOSOL. This abbreviation consists of two parts: TOS - by the name of the creator department, and OL - by chemical nomenclature, this ending shows that alcohol is included in the composition of the substance.

The composition of TOSOL

IN Soviet time there was only one TOSOL, the composition of which was strictly regulated by the state standard. This name is now widely used by various manufacturers on the territory of Russia and the CIS countries, the composition of which differs and is regulated by their own specifications. Therefore, the quality of such liquids varies.

However, the liquid called antifreeze is always based on ethylene glycol and distilled water. Glycerin is also often used. The difference mainly lies in the additives. Silicates, sodium benzoate, borax (borates), sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, captax, dextrin, butanol, defoamer are used. Their presence or absence, as well as the percentage of different manufacturers are different.

Other features of TOSOL

Antifreezes are painted, as a rule, in blue or blue - like the very first, Soviet one. However, the choice of dye is arbitrary and does not affect the characteristics and properties of the liquid. Therefore, in theory, the manufacturer can give it any shade - for example, red (used for antifreeze-65), green or yellow.

Classic antifreeze provides protection against freezing up to -40 degrees, and protection against boiling - on average up to +110 degrees Celsius. However, there are also concentrated versions of this refrigerant (like antifreezes), as well as a composition marked -65, that is, providing protection up to minus 65 degrees Celsius and suitable for northern regions.

The first TOSOL was developed specifically for the Zhiguli brand. Its descendants produced today also, as a rule, have approvals and recommendations for domestic cars, both cars and trucks, specialized vehicles. Antifreeze marked -65 is recommended for use in heavy industrial, cargo, construction equipment forced to work in the conditions of the Far North. Most antifreezes are suitable for VAZ, UAZ, KAMAZ and other Russian-made cars.

Antifreeze has a small resource - up to two years, or 50-60 thousand kilometers.

What is antifreeze

Antifreeze G12+ and G11

Antifreeze, as already mentioned, comes from the English word "non-freezing." That is, it is a liquid that does not freeze in cold weather. Let's try to figure out what liquids are common today under this name.

Antifreeze is a coolant for modern internal combustion engines, which includes an alcohol (glycerin) base and additives. Actually, in additives that differ from those used in antifreeze and from each other, there is the whole point.

What antifreezes are

All currently existing antifreezes, depending on the composition and production technology, can be divided into two large groups- silicate, produced by traditional technology, and carboxylate - produced by organic acid technology. There are also options where both are involved, and it is easy to get confused in all these differences.

There is no international classification of antifreezes. Therefore, many manufacturers have tacitly adopted the standard system as the standard, which was originally invented and used by the Volkswagen concern for their own coolants. Its borrowing allows you to put all types on the shelves.

To date, the following antifreeze standards are used:

1. G11. Traditional, or silicate antifreeze. It consists of ethylene glycol, silicates and other inorganic substances: phosphates, borates, nitrites, nitrates, amines. In this, antifreeze is similar to antifreeze - in it, as was written above, various compounds are also present. Such coolants coat the parts of the cooling system from the inside with an even layer that provides them with lubrication and protects against wear and corrosion. However, the same layer significantly impairs heat transfer, and precipitates from vibration and temperature changes. Therefore, it is better to change such a fluid at least once every two years.
2. G12. The refrigerants of this standard are the next generation. They are based on the technology of organic (carboxylic) acids. Therefore, they are called carboxylate. They do not contain silicates, as well as their entire company in the face of borates, amines, nitrates and other compounds. Such liquids do not create any layer on the surface of the parts, resulting in excellent heat transfer. But they act against corrosion pointwise - that is, by directing inhibitors to where this corrosion has already begun. Unfortunately, carboxylate antifreezes cannot prevent it from starting.
3. G12+. So-called hybrid antifreeze. Creating it, the manufacturers decided to combine all the best that is in traditional and carboxylate technologies and mixed organic additives with inorganic ones. As a result, such a composition simultaneously creates a protective layer and destroys already nucleated foci of corrosion.
4. G12++. An even more advanced carboxylate refrigerant. In it, mineral additives are added to the organic base.
5. G13. This is the newest generation of coolant. Lobrid antifreeze is not made on the basis of ethylene glycol (and its variations), but propylene glycol. Unlike its predecessor, it is not poisonous and is considered environmentally friendly. And these refrigerants have an almost unlimited service life.

Each of these standards has its own advantages and disadvantages, so everyone finds their connoisseur.

Antifreeze color

Antifreeze in different colors

Antifreeze can be found in almost any color. There is a common myth that the same colors mean the same properties, which means that green can be safely added to green, and red to red. This is an erroneous opinion.

In fact, all coolants (including antifreeze!) Are themselves transparent and colorless. Dye was added to them, because they are poisonous, so as not to be confused with water. By the way, for the same reason, many refrigerants foreign production a bitter flavoring additive is added so that, for example, a child cannot drink too much out of curiosity and become poisoned as a result. The second reason for adding dye is to quickly find and fix leaks. Many manufacturers also add a fluorescent component for this purpose.

Important! The dye does not affect the composition and properties of the product in any way, and there are no standards governing the choice of shade. Therefore, the choice remains with the manufacturer. That is why mixing antifreezes by color is not worth it.

However, although there are no standards in this regard, most manufacturers try to adhere to the following rules:

• Coolant G11 - blue, light blue, green, blue-green, turquoise;
• Coolant G12 (with and without pluses) - all shades of red, orange;
• Coolant G13 - pink, purple.

It's approximately. In fact, there are green carboxylate liquids and yellow lobrid liquids. Some manufacturers have entire lines in which the same antifreeze is painted, for example, in four different colors.

Temperature Range

The temperature range of modern coolants is also different. The boiling point is approximately at the same level - + 110-115 degrees Celsius. But the freezing point varies. Most ready-to-use coolants work to the limit of minus 36-40 degrees Celsius. There are options for the northern regions - minus 50 and 65.

In addition, there are coolant concentrates. They cannot be used in their pure form, they must be diluted with distilled or demineralized water. Their crystallization onset temperature depends on percentage water and basics.

Scope and terms of use

Antifreeze on modern market big variety. Therefore, you can choose your own option for a car of any brand, domestic and foreign, old and new, with different types engines and the fuel it runs on.

The shelf life of antifreezes also varies depending on their composition and production technology. For most traditional ones, it is 2-3 years, for carboxylate ones - 5 years, for lobrid ones - from 5 years and above. However, this is all approximate. In addition to the interval for replacing the coolant itself, the recommendations of the car manufacturer must also be taken into account.

What is better to use, antifreeze or antifreeze?

Such a question is not entirely correct, since, as mentioned above, antifreeze is also antifreeze. Therefore, the question should not be either-or, but which of the antifreezes is best to use?

There can be no definite answer to this question. Fundamental differences between antifreeze and, for example, G11 antifreeze - no. They have a similar composition, properties and duration, thus. G11 antifreeze is essentially the same TOSOL.

There is an opinion that antifreeze is suitable for old domestic cars, and antifreezes for foreign cars. This is partly true, since the cooling system of the same Zhiguli is less demanding. However, there are people who successfully use antifreeze in foreign cars.

Therefore, when wondering how to make the right choice, you need to be guided by the conditions in which the car is operated, at what temperatures, which is recommended by the automaker. In terms of choosing a fluid, you need to remember the replacement interval. So, antifreeze will have to be changed often, and, for example, lobrid antifreeze - rarely. But the first and the cost will be several times lower. The tolerances and recommendations indicated on the fluid itself are especially important.

And, of course, quality. Now there are many poorly made coolants, as well as fakes, which are simply dangerous to use. And low-quality carboxylate antifreeze will be much more harmful to the engine than high-quality antifreeze.

Therefore, it is possible to determine whether antifreeze or antifreeze is better to use only by deciding for yourself what is a priority and choosing a truly high-quality product.

Is it possible to mix TOSOL and antifreeze

Another common question is, is it possible to mix antifreeze and antifreeze? Since, again, we found out that antifreeze is a type of antifreeze, it would be more appropriate to ask if it is possible to mix antifreezes with each other?

Important! It is worth knowing that it is not worth mixing different coolants with each other without urgent need. Even having a similar composition, they may not match in some way (for example, the quality of additives), so the quality of the mixture will be worse quality each of them separately. Therefore, adding another coolant is possible only in extreme cases and a little bit. But to fill in what comes to hand, without understanding what is in the tank, is completely dangerous. Conflicting additives can gel the liquid or form heavy deposits.

You can also find bad advice to add antifreeze by color. This is wrong, since the color is just the choice of the manufacturer and does not mean belonging to any category. The only thing to be guided by when choosing topping up is technology and composition.

Antifreeze G11 can be mixed with the same or antifreeze, with a hybrid. Carboxylate - mix with carboxylate. In no case should you mix carboxylate antifreeze with traditional or antifreeze!

Conclusion

Summing up, we can say that choosing the right coolant for your car in our time is not a problem, be it even antifreeze, even expensive lobrid. The problem is different: there are too many of them, and it's easy to get confused in the variety. The main thing is to take into account all the recommendations of the manufacturer and not chase what is the cheapest, but choose a high-quality composition that will definitely not harm the car. Moreover, it will have to be spent once and for a long time.

Video

Antifreeze or antifreeze, which is better - to use, pour into your car? Just about complex

Is it possible to mix TOSOL and ANTIFREEZE. EXPERIMENT!