Luaz what plant produced. Lutsk Automobile Plant

30.07.2019

LuAZ-969 "Volyn"- a family of Soviet passenger-and-freight minicars off-road, produced at the Lutsk Automobile Plant in total from 1966 to 2001.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FAMILY

The family included the following models:

LuAZ-969V (1967-72);
LuAZ-969 (1971-75);
LuAZ-969A (1975-1979);
LuAZ-969M (1979-1996).

Cars are also closely related to it:

LuAZ-1301;
LuAZ-1302;
LuAZ-2403.

LuAZ-969 was the first Soviet front wheel drive car(option "969B" without rear axle drive). Also, LuAZ-969 is the first SUV, former subject consumer, that is, officially sold "for personal use." In addition, the LuAZ-969 is the first mass-produced Soviet car designed specifically for the needs of the villagers.

Functional design and simplified bodywork, providing only the most minimal comfort, corresponded to the purpose of the car, and its cross-country ability is outstanding to this day.

The car caused and causes polar assessments and opinions. Many owners note the very high cross-country ability and practicality of Volyn. Others scold them for poor workmanship, low comfort, very difficult access to the front seats, laborious maintenance and lack of dynamics. Objectively, this car was generally not bad for the tasks that were set for it - operation in rural areas, mainly on bad roads, where high maximum speed is not important, and a good interior trim only complicates its cleaning from the dirt that is inevitable in such conditions. Inconvenient access to the driver's seat is reverse side vehicle layout that provides good loading of the front axle and, accordingly, high cross-country ability even with the rear axle disabled. A clear objective disadvantage of the car was the engine from Zaporozhets - noisy, not powerful enough and short-lived, having a torque curve that was unfavorable for an off-road vehicle - which was corrected in later modifications. The complexity of maintenance corresponds to the design features of the chassis of an all-wheel drive car with a rather complex transmission.

Light SUVs similar in class for the army or villagers were also created abroad - for example, the West German DKW Munga (1956-1968), Haflinger (1959-1974) and Volkswagen Iltis (1978-1988), Farmobil (1962-1966), East German Wartburg 353-400 Jagdwagen and others.

BACKGROUND

The history of the "969" family must begin with a description of the previous model - the LuAZ-967 amphibian, which was put into service Soviet army as TPK - "front line conveyor".

During the years of the Korean War (1949-53), a need was revealed for a light, floating all-terrain vehicle for transporting ammunition, evacuating the wounded from the battlefield, reconnaissance, towing light guns and mortars, and similar tasks. GAZ-69, for all its positive qualities, was not quite suitable for performing these functions, as was the overly specialized amphibious GAZ-46 created on its basis (MAV - “small waterfowl car”).

Development began in the mid-fifties at NAMI by a group led by B. M. Fitterman. The prototype, designated NAMI-049 "Spark", was ready by 1958. It had a fiberglass body with a reinforced load-bearing base, independent torsion bar suspensions on trailing arms, permanent drive to the front and rear axles connected through a lockable center differential, lockable axle differentials, wheel gears and a two-cylinder motorcycle-type engine MD-65 with a power of 22 hp. The latter turned out to be unnecessarily weak, had a small resource and did not develop the proper traction properties. In addition, the plastic body turned out to be unnecessarily fragile, especially considering the requirement to provide the possibility of landing by parachute.

The second sample was designated NAMI-049A. NAMI specialists from the Zaporozhye plant were involved in its development, who in those years were just working on the Zaporozhets compact car project. For military amphibian one of the engine options designed for the Zaporozhets was considered suitable - a V-shaped, four-cylinder, air-cooled. Further work on the subcompact and amphibian was carried out in parallel.

The NAMI-049A engine was basically unified with the Zaporozhets serial engine, including a cooling system with a fan that drives the air coming from the air intakes located on the side through the cylinder fins. The main difference was the working volume of the amphibian engine carried away to 887 cm³ - subsequently Zaporozhets also began to be equipped with engines of this volume.

In addition, instead of a plastic case, an open steel case with an awning was used, the center differential was abandoned, and the rear axle was switched off. The suspension was reinforced to enable parachute landing. The driver's seat was placed in the middle of the car, an orderly sat with his back to him, and the sides of the body were occupied by a stretcher with the wounded. There was no propeller - the car moved on the water due to the rotation of the wheels, so compared to the "real" amphibians, it was less suitable for swimming, but more for moving on land.

In its final form, the car received the designation LuAZ-967 and began to be produced in Lutsk since 1961. Prior to this, the plant repaired vans, manufactured shower units and conveyors for silage masses of the TSM-6.5 model.

DEVELOPMENT AND MASTERING IN PRODUCTION

The development of virgin lands required the creation of a specialized off-road vehicle for Agriculture. The GAZ-69 turned out to be again too large and heavy for many situations, in addition, excessively expensive, while the experience of operating the GAZ-M-72 and Moskvich-410 off-road vehicles created on the basis of mass-produced passenger cars was not entirely successful. The solution was found in the conversion of the LuAZ-967 military all-terrain vehicle into a civilian version.

The design was carried out by the team of the Zaporozhye plant, initially the car was designated as ZAZ-969. It differed from the military version primarily in the body, which acquired a more traditional shape and lost its ability to float (but remained open, albeit with fastened canvas sidewalls). The driver and passengers were also placed more traditionally, but in terms of comfort and interior trim, the car did not go far from the military prototype. In 1964, a pilot batch of 50 units was produced at ZAZ-e.

At the Lutsk plant, based on this design, but with numerous changes, they created their own version - LuAZ-969V (in some sources LuMZ-969V or ZAZ-969V). Prototypes were assembled in 1965, and an experimental batch appeared the following year. Mass production began in 1967. Due to the lack of drive units for the rear axle, the LuAZ-969V had a drive to the front wheels only, but the transmission had a power take-off shaft to drive the mounted and trailer equipment. The engine had the designation MeMZ-969 and developed a power of 30 hp.

7438 cars of this model were produced.

In 1971 (according to other sources - in 1969), problems with the supply of the necessary units were resolved, and the car was put into production in an all-wheel drive version, which was designated as LuAZ-969 or ZAZ-969 - without a letter. In those years, LuAZ was included in a single Production Association with the Zaporozhye plant, and for some time its products bore the designation "ZAZ" (not to be confused with the experimental batch of ZAZ-969 of the 1964 model).

The all-wheel drive version had a very good cross-country ability due to the good loading of the front axle, a lockable rear differential, high ground clearance provided by wheel reduction gears, and independent suspension of all wheels with large structural strokes.

expected to be released and cargo modification, but for a number of reasons, she did not go into the series.

DESIGN

The body of the LuAZ-969 car is semi-supporting, with an integrated spar-type frame. The layout of the car is characterized by a strong displacement of the passenger compartment forward, which made it possible to achieve a constant high load on the front axle, thereby ensuring high traction and coupling properties even when driven only to the front wheels.

The LuAZ transmission as a whole is characterized by the relative simplicity of the device by the standards of off-road vehicles, which has a positive effect on the mass-dimensional characteristics and reliability. Engine, main gear and the gearbox are located in the front of the car and are combined into a single unit (transexl), partly similar to that used on Zaporozhets cars. Gear shifting is carried out by a floor lever, and the shift layout differs from the traditional (“mirror”): the first gear is engaged by moving the lever from neutral to yourself and back, the second - to yourself and forward, the third - from neutral back, the fourth - from neutral forward, reversing- from the neutral away from you and forward. Inside the gearbox housing there is also a power take-off mechanism from the secondary shaft, used either to drive various agricultural equipment, or (on all-wheel drive versions) to drive the rear axle, and (also on all-wheel drive versions) a reduction gear. The transfer box as a separate unit is missing.

For all-wheel drive modifications, the rotation is transmitted from the power take-off shaft of the gearbox to the rear axle gearbox using a thin shaft that does not have hinges, enclosed inside the transmission pipe connecting the gearbox and rear axle housings. Thus, all transmission units of the car, except for the axle shafts, are essentially enclosed in a common sealed crankcase, which is a legacy of the amphibious past of LuAZ. The rear axle is disabled in the normal state of the transmission, it can be connected from the driver's seat, for which it is necessary to move the lever located to the left of the gear lever back. There is no center differential, so when driving on paved roads, the rear axle must be turned off, and the car becomes front-wheel drive. The same lever also controls the downshift, which changes the gear ratios of the transmission over the entire operating range - to engage it in the connected rear axle mode, you must move the lever away from you and move it forward.

To prevent spinning of one of the rear wheels, the rear axle differential can be forcibly locked from the driver's seat with a curved lever located next to the lever parking brake. Locking mechanism - with gear clutch. There is no front axle differential lock, although its installation is quite possible in the order of tuning - the designers considered that the high loading of the front axle and the lockable rear axle differential were enough to provide the required level of patency, and did not complicate the car's transmission more than necessary.

Suspension - torsion bar, trailing arms, with very large strokes. Wheels - 13-inch, with a developed mud tread pattern.

Brakes - drum on all wheels, with hydraulic drive, without booster.

MODERNIZATION

LUAZ-969A

In 1975 he went into the series LuAZ-969A with an improved MeMZ-969A engine (1.2 liters, 40 hp). External differences from the previous model were insignificant and consisted mainly in changing the design of the front of the car.

About 30.5 thousand cars of this model were produced.

In 1977, a batch of closed all-metal vans. E. Thompson in his work on Soviet cars is designated as LuAZ-969F.

LUAZ-969M

Total information

Manufacturer:

Lutsk Automobile Plant(Lutsk)

Transmission

4-speed manual transmission

Characteristics

Mass-dimensional

Weight:

960-1360 kg

Dynamic

Max. speed:

85 km/h

Since 1979 has been mastered LuAZ-969M(in development since 1973), which differed mainly in the shape, design and bodywork, as well as an updated aggregate part.

This model was equipped, like its predecessor, with a 1.2-liter 40-horsepower MeMZ-969A engine, however, it was equipped with a separate brake drive with a hydraulic vacuum booster on the front circuit. The appearance of the car has been modernized: the front panels, shapes have changed windshield. The doors were equipped with locks, their side windows received a rigid frame and opening "windows", a soft instrument panel, a safety steering column and "Zhiguli" seats appeared in the cabin.

Even before the launch of the LuAZ-969M series, it was highly appreciated at the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements, and in 1978 at the international salon in the city of Turin (Italy) it (as indicated in a number of sources) entered the top ten best cars Europe. In 1979 on international exhibition in the city of Ceske Budejovice (Czechoslovakia) he received a gold medal as one of the best cars for the villagers.

MODIFICATIONS

FAMILY "969"

LuAZ-969V(1967-71) - temporary version, front-wheel drive;
LuAZ-969(1971-75) - serial with a 4x4 wheel arrangement;
LuAZ-969A(1975-1979) - the first modernization, MeMZ engine-969A;
LuAZ-969M(1979-1992) - the second modernization, an updated body;

OTHER

LuAZ-Proto (1988) - alternate prototype LuAZ-1301 with a very modern design at that time and a plastic body, developed in the Leningrad laboratory of NAMI under the leadership of G. Khainov in 1988-1989;

Engine - MeMZ-245 ("Tavria"); Gearbox - 6-speed, synchronized, the first two gears - lowering;

LuAZ-13019 "Geologist"(1999) - a unique all-wheel drive three-axle (6x6) off-road floating truck based on units and assemblies LuAZ-1301 of the 1990 prototype with a diesel engine;

CAR NAMES

"Volynyanka", "Volynka" - a popular nickname for the place of origin: Lutsk is the regional center of the Volyn region;
"Lunokhod" - for wheel gears, giving the car a resemblance to this planetary rover;
"Louise" is a popular nickname;
"Jerboa" - a popular nickname;
"Lumumzik" - from the designation of early versions of LuMZ-969;
"BMW" - Fighting Machine of Volyn;
"Iron" - because of the shape of the body;
"Jewish armored car" - a popular nickname;
Fantomas is a popular nickname.
"Hamer" - due to high cross
"Luntik" - derived from the name "moon rover"
"Piano" is a popular nickname.
"Cheburashka" - similarity with a cartoon character due to large headlights

I will sell the car LuAZ-969M, 1985 onwards, color beige, mileage 400 km (!), one owner .
It was purchased 30 years ago for specific purposes, but was never used for its intended purpose.
After a long garage storage, the front and rear brake cylinders, the clutch cylinder, and the vacuum cylinder were moved and cleaned. Replaced with new spark plugs high voltage wires, brake switches, rubber seals and all front and rear gear oilers.
Improvements were made: the headlights were replaced with halogen ones; in the new headlights there were already lamps for dimensions, then I connected the standard dimensions as LED Daytime Running Lights, which will automatically turn off when the dimensions are turned on. Additionally installed fog lights.
The instrument panel has a button with a backlight to turn on fog lights and a control red light for generator operation.
The car is completely ready for operation. All documents are available.

In contact with

Lutsk Automobile Plant originates from the production and repair of agricultural machinery. In its place were workshops for the repair of agricultural equipment.

The resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR on February 2, 1949 “On the reorganization of inter-district overhaul workshops ...” becomes a turning point. In this document, the construction of a new plant was planned. In 1951, the first buildings began to be erected in Lutsk, and already on August 25, 1955, by order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, the Lutsk repair plant was put into operation. In September, the first products were already produced here, which is why September is considered to be the start date of the plant's history.

At first, the enterprise with a staff of only 238 people produces spare parts for the GAZ-51, GAZ-63 involved in agriculture, carries out their overhaul, and manufactures products for the needs of the Ministry of Agriculture.

On September 3, 1959, the plant became a machine-building plant. His specialization is also changing. Now bodies for GAZ-51, car shops, trailers, refrigerated trucks and products are produced in Lutsk special purpose, and body parts. With the gradual increase in space, the production program is also expanding. The production of automobile repair shops and small-tonnage refrigerators begins.

But 10 years after its founding, the history of LuAZ is changing dramatically again. LuAZ owes its birth as an automobile manufacturing plant to the war in Korea, the Irbit motorcycle plant (Ural motorcycles) and the Zaporozhye Kommunar plant (ZAZ). An epochal model for LuAZ, the leading edge conveyor (TPK or LuAZ-967) became.

After the war in Korea, where equipment from the USSR took part, it became clear that the GAZ-69 SUV was too large and vulnerable for military operations. At the forefront, a very different car is needed, like the DKW Munga. Then NAMI creates several prototypes. At the beginning, with a motorcycle engine, they want to produce it at the Irbit Motorcycle Plant, but such a machine turned out to be too “raw”. Then they plan to produce another prototype in Zaporozhye, but due to a lack of production capacity at the young Kommunar automobile plant, they are looking for another production site. For the Lutsk plant, this was a finest hour. In addition, a civilian version of the ZAZ-969 is being developed at ZAZ and even the first experimental batch is being produced there, and then all the documentation is transferred to Lutsk. So, the car factory has two models at once.

TPK - it was purely army car, in fact - a motorized cart that can land, in addition to the driver, it can carry a couple more stretchers or six sitting wounded, does not exceed half a meter in height and has four-wheel drive and a winch.

In addition, TPK is an amphibian that moves through the water due to the rotation of the wheels. Her tasks in the army were different: the removal of the wounded from the front line, the supply of ammunition, the towing of light guns. The driver could control the TPK while lying on the seat or even crawling, moving next to the car and barely holding on to the steering wheel. TPK or Luaz-967 - unique car. He probably has no analogues, except for the Steyr-Puch Haflinger. And with TPK, the success of the Lutsk Automobile Plant began. The transporter entered service with the USSR army in 1969, was used in the airborne troops and motorized rifle units, and was also supplied to the countries of the Warsaw Pact. He stayed on the assembly line until 1989 and would be relevant even today. After all, there are simply no front line transporters in the Ukrainian army now.

But in addition to the army transporter, the country needed a simple, unpretentious and very passable SUV, and even as cheap as possible. It was created in record time. In 1965, when the first small cars began to be produced in Zaporozhye, two bureaus were created in Lutsk under the department of the chief designer to develop technical documentation for the ZAZ-969 car with all-wheel drive. In December 1966, the first 50 small cars ZAZ-969V were assembled at the plant. By design, it was as close as possible to the TPK, but already had a more civilized body with a canvas top. Despite the external unpretentiousness, it was a revolutionary car that was ahead of its time in two ways at once.

The first Soviet "front-wheel drive" or the era of "Volynyanka"

On December 11, 1966, by order of the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR, Lutsky machine building plant renamed to automobile and officially becomes LuAZ. In 1971, LuAZ determined the specialization in the production of passenger cars with increased cross-country ability for the needs of agriculture and special-purpose vehicles. But LuAZ mass-produces cars already in 1967. Yes, and what! It was in Lutsk that they were the first in the USSR to produce front-wheel drive cars.

Yes, this fact is not widely advertised, but it is true. Before the VAZ-2108, ZAZ-1102 and Moskvich-2141 appeared on the conveyor, it was even more than a decade and a half. And it happened so, one might say, by accident. The fact is that the civilian LuAZ had a connected rear axle. By the beginning of serial production, the Melitopol Motor Plant did not have time to provide the new model with a rear axle gearbox, and therefore it went into the LuAZ-969V series with front-wheel drive, and the letter “B” (temporary) appeared in the model designation to distinguish the front-wheel drive modification from all-wheel drive. Until the beginning of the 1970s, more than 7,000 such front-wheel drive LuAZs were made. Then the problems with the components were resolved, the car gained all-wheel drive and its original index, LuAZ-969. But even in this version, it was possible to turn off the rear axle and the car became front-wheel drive.

The need for inexpensive off-road vehicles was so huge that in 1976 the enterprise began reconstruction for the production of 50 thousand cars a year. At that time, LuAZ cost 5100 rubles and was the only SUV which was freely sold to the public. Neither the GAZ-69 nor the UAZ-469 were sold to civilians, and there was no Niva yet.

In 1979, a new model LuAZ-969M appeared on the conveyor, with a more modern design, a new dashboard And increased comfort. At the Turin Motor Show, she even wins an award and is among the "top ten" best cars in Europe. In addition, the modernization of the plant has already been completed, and already on September 24, 1982, the 100,000th car rolls off the assembly line in Lutsk.

It should be noted that the LuAZ-969 was not only ahead of its time, but actually became the first mass-produced compact civilian B-class SUV in the world. It was more than 20 years before the appearance of the Suzuki Samurai. Meticulous historians will certainly be able to cite analogues of LuAZ, the same Italian Samas Yeti-903, but it was produced in small quantities. And in Lutsk it was mass production. It is now that almost every manufacturer strives to have a B-class crossover in its range, and LuAZ already had such a car in the 60s.

True, it is necessary to clarify here that in those days the fashion for small SUVs in the world had not even been born yet. And at first, LuAZ did not even think about exporting. In April 1983, the first cars still go abroad through the All-Union AutoExport company. The debut was more than successful. Importers tried the inexpensive and unpretentious LuAZ-969M and began to promote it not only for farmers, but as a youth, beach SUV, adventure car. Abroad, the car went under the name Luaz Volyn and received the nickname "Litlle UAZ". They used LuAZs even in the Polish police - they patrolled the highlands.

For a youth SUV, LuAZ lacked the power of a 40-horsepower engine and local importers were the first to experiment with replacing the MeMZ engine air cooling for foreign cars. For example, the Italian dealer company Martorelli (which was also involved in the import of UAZs) offered LuAZs with Ford engines volume of 1.1 liters. Already in the 90s in Italy, even Lambordini diesel engines began to be installed on LuAZs (not to be confused with supercars, these were engines from small tractors).

In the vastness of the USSR, LuAZ-969M is gaining particular popularity in rural areas, among hunters and fishermen due to its unique cross-country ability. What names were not given to this SUV: "Volyn", "Bagpipe", "Volynets", "Volynyanka", "Lunokhod", "Luntik". He could pass where UAZs and Niva gave way, and sometimes he could give odds to the Urals. But LuAZ-969M had significant disadvantage is an air-cooled engine that overheated when long drive off-road and very capricious "stove". And when a motor from Tavria MeMZ-245 with a power of 53 hp appeared under the hood. liquid-cooled, the popularity of "Volynyanka" has increased again. This modification received the designation LUAZ-1302 and was produced until 2001.

Hope for LuAZ-1301
Back in the 80s, LuAZ was working on the next generation of the car. He is assigned the index 1301, and the modification of the previous LuAZ-969 with the "Taurian" engine went into the series earlier, although it had the following ordinal index 1302.

The designers endowed the LuAZ-1301 with unique properties. It was supposed to be the first car in the USSR with plastic panels body. It was still a unique cross-country SUV, already with larger diameter wheels, with an engine liquid cooling and hard, not a canvas top.

The collapse of the USSR crossed out all the hopes of the plant. The new model does not have time to put into production, although it was almost ready. Army orders are falling sharply, exports are disappearing at once, with the advent of used foreign jeeps on the Ukrainian market, the demand for outdated LuAZs is falling.

LuAZ designers in the 90s create an incredible number of modifications, trying to find a new market niche. Every year, LuAZ pleased either with an elongated modification 13021-04, or with a LuAZ-13021 pickup truck or a 13021-07 van, or with a beach version of the LuAZ-1302-05 Foros, even ambulance for rural areas LuAZ-13021-08. The plant begins to produce cars with a plastic roof, with various motors, even began to install diesel units. But output volumes decreased from year to year, and inflation ate up all incomes. The plant has actually stopped. It seemed to be a dead end.

But on April 14, 2000, the Ukrprominvest concern became the owner of 81.12% of the plant's shares, and LuAZ began the next stage. The new managers who have arrived have a good sense of the market situation, and in the same year they launch the SKD-assembly of popular VAZs and UAZs in Lutsk. The plant not only resumed the production of Volynyanka, but also assembled 648 UAZs, 2250 VAZ-21093 units in a year. Every year where at different time assembly of VAZ-21093, VAZ-21099, VAZ-2107, VAZ-2104, VAZ-21213, UAZ-3160, UAZ-31514 was carried out, then separate Kia, Hyundai models were added, the assembly of trucks began Hyundai cars HD-65. The plant is getting back on its feet and is already thinking about launching its own LuAZ-1301 model.

In 2002, a prototype of a new generation of SUVs LuAZ-1301 was created in Lutsk. The car turned out to be quite successful and proved to be quite good during the tests. She still has a plastic body, a removable roof that easily turns an SUV into a convertible, modern interior and a 1.2 liter engine from Tavria-Nova. The owner of the plant is already considering investments in the launch serial production, and the designers of LuAZ represent a whole range of modifications: a 5-door station wagon, a pickup truck, a medical car, a car for special services. It seemed that the LuAZ-1301 was about to go into production. The popular automotive site www.autoconsulting.ua even hosted a competition for a name for this SUV and its tuning options. A small experimental batch of LuAZ-1301 was also produced. But the early 2000s is the time low prices for Russian cars. Eg, VAZ models then they cost up to $4,000, and hundreds of thousands were produced. LuAZ-1301 needed to have an even lower price tag, and with small production volumes this was not realistic to achieve.

At one time, an AUTO-Consulting correspondent even managed to drive this hope car, which proudly carried the LuAZ logo. But, alas, in 2006, the director of the enterprise, Vladimir Gunchik, one of the "fathers" of the LuAZ-1301, was forced to admit:
what production own jeep will be unprofitable, and the model "line" has long been outdated, and will not be continued. Thus, the LuAZ-1301 project was finally buried. And the LuAZ brand began to fade.

On October 28, 2009, LuAZ officially changed its name and became known as the Public Joint-Stock Partnership Automobile Company Bogdan Motors (abbreviated as JSC AK Bogdan Motors). A new era began again at the plant.

The era of urban transport
In June 2005, the board of directors of the Bogdan corporation made a strategic decision to replace production, which later received the name "Castling". Thus, the production of the popular Bogdan buses was transferred from Cherkasy to Lutsk, and the production and assembly of passenger cars was transferred from Lutsk to Cherkasy. A new automobile plant with a capacity of 120-150 thousand cars per year is being built in Cherkassy, and it is more logical to concentrate all automobile projects around it.

LuAZ once again changes its profile and becomes the key bus factory for Ukraine. From June 2005 to April 2006, the plant creates conditions for the production of 1.5 thousand trolleybuses and buses per year. On April 6, 2006, LuAZ OJSC presents a new bus program and 300 additional jobs appear at the plant. During the second phase of the reconstruction, up to 70,000 m² of production covered space is created at the enterprise, and the production capacity is increased to 4,000 buses and trolleybuses. Investments in production amount to 70 million dollars. Now the former LuAZ is the largest urban transport manufacturer in Ukraine. The plant masters the production of buses of all classes and trolleybuses of large and especially large segment. New models leave its shops, which can be seen today in almost every city of Ukraine.

And again, the Lutsk plant "Bogdan" becomes an innovator in Ukraine already in a new role. It is here that the country's first diesel-electric hybrid bus is being built. "Bogdans" break through to the European market. The plant, together with the Polish company Ursus, managed to win the tender of the city of Lublin and complete it ahead of schedule.

In 2014, the Bogdan A70100 electric bus was introduced, and in 2015, the plant was the first in Ukraine to begin production of Euro-5 A50232 buses with an Iveco engine.

factory workers" car assembly plant No. 1 PJSC Bogdan Motors looks to the future with confidence. For 60 years, the plant has completely changed its profile of activity four times, and each time it has been successful. Moreover, the products of the Lutsk plant have always been in demand by the market. The uniqueness of the plant and the team is that in a small number (for all the time 491 thousand cars were produced here) they manage to leave the brightest mark in history. And for this reason, LuAZ is sure to be in serious collections.

So now, buses and trolleybuses "Bogdan" are known to every inhabitant of Ukraine. They will also be remembered over the years as the TPK transporter, LuAZ-969 and Lutsk VAZs. glorious history Lutsk plant continues.

Help AUTO-Consulting
In total for the period 1966-2008. 491 thousand cars were produced at the Lutsk plant. Of these, 269 thousand "Volynyanki" LuAZ, 168 thousand cars of other brands (SKD-assembly).
For 60 years, the plant has produced more than half a million units of products. 54 thousand car shops 5.5 thousand trucks and 3.5 thousand buses and trolleybuses.

"Little Tank", "Lunokhod", "Jerboa" - all sorts of nicknames were given to the legendary Soviet SUV LuAZ-969 "Volyn".

Its incredible cross-country ability was recognized even outside the country, which is not so typical for cars originally from the USSR. On International Motor Show in Turin, LuAZ-969M entered the top ten best SUVs Europe.

Evolving from a simple motorized cart to collect the wounded on the battlefield to an indispensable all-terrain vehicle in rural conditions, this little bizarre jeep has managed to find both loyal fans and those who can not stand it in the spirit, but left few indifferent.
LuAZ-969 is known for its completely unsurpassed cross-country ability and equally unsurpassed scarcity of the cabin. And this is not surprising, because the original purpose of this car was one hundred percent military.

In the early 1950s, during the Korean War, the Lutsk Automobile Building Plant, by order of the Ministry of Defense, developed a front-line transporter - TPK. It was a motorized cross-country cart no more than half a meter in height, with all-wheel drive and a winch, which was supposed to be parachuted from an aircraft. But perhaps main feature was his ability to move on water.

Soon Soviet engineers realized that military equipment can be adapted to the needs of the village, and thus, on the basis of the TPK, a decade later, Volyn was born - the first Soviet off-road vehicle.

First civilian samples can be called a rural jeep without stretch - I had to forget about moving on the water, the driver and passengers were placed as in ordinary car, tarpaulin sidewalls were added to the canvas top. LuAZ-969V became the first stock car with front axle drive.

The letter "B" in the title just denoted a front-wheel drive modification. The fact is that by the start of mass production, the model did not have time to provide a rear axle gearbox, which is why it went into production with a front-wheel drive. This story continued until the early 1970s, when LuAZ finally gained all-wheel drive.

The fact that off-road LuAZ can "kill" anyone - even a Niva, even a Hummer - is pure truth. The engine, gearbox, main gear and propeller shaft are compactly located in the body with an integrated spar frame, and all components are actually in a single sealed housing. Trailing arm independent torsion bar suspension front and rear has huge travel, and the 13-inch tires have very strong lugs. Without exaggeration, this is a “small tank with an engine from Zaporozhets”.

Nevertheless, the car had enough problems. The motor from the "Zaporozhets" at the same time gave advantages, being in front, and was a kind of scourge because of its low power. They tried to modernize the car first in 1975, when a 40 horsepower engine appeared on Volyn (the model became known as LuAZ-969A), and then in 1979, when (attention!) Locks appeared on the doors, seats in the cabin from the "Zhiguli", outside the body has become less angular. Model 969M began to look different.

In the early 90s - around the time when the engine from Zaporozhets was replaced by the engine from Tavria - LuAZ-969 became LuAZ-1302 due to a change in indices in the USSR. New engine already had liquid cooling, 4 cylinders and 53 horsepower. "Volyn" now consumed 7.7 liters per 100 kilometers (in contrast to the previous official 10) and developed a maximum speed of up to 100 kilometers per hour (before that it was 85). About a year after the launch of the new model, Ukraine withdrew from the USSR and LuAZ's contacts with Russia ceased.

It is not entirely clear when exactly the LuAZ-969 began to be called "Volyn", but this name lasted a long time, starting from the 1967 model and until the early 1990s. True, this SUV received many more names among the people, for example, "Fantomas" - for its comedic-villainous appearance, "BMW", which stood for "Volyn Fighting Vehicle", "Jerboa" - for the ability to "jump" over any terrain and many others.

During the 1990-2000s, there were several attempts to "upgrade" models, but nothing sensible came of it. In the mid-2000s, the Lutsk Automobile Building Plant finally stopped car production, which put an end to the story with the lively Soviet "jerboa".

Judging by the numerous photos on the network, the Jerboas are still loved, groomed and cherished ...

As soon as the craftsmen do not remake the Jerboa! ..

The other day, the Lutsk Automobile Plant Bogdan (LuAZ), which today is officially called the Subsidiary Enterprise Automobile Assembly Plant No. 1 of PJSC Automotive Company Bogdan Motors, celebrated its 60th anniversary.

The history of this enterprise knew both ups and downs. And the profile of activity during this time he had to change four times. But it was in Lutsk that the first in the USSR was released front wheel drive car, 15 years earlier than AvtoVAZ. And LuAZ has plenty of such achievements. But the main thing is that the plant continues to produce equipment today, to develop new models and markets. What were those 60 years like?

Start
Like the entire automotive industry in Ukraine, the Lutsk Automobile Plant originates from the production and repair of agricultural machinery. In its place were workshops for the repair of agricultural equipment.

On September 3, 1959, the plant became a machine-building plant. His specialization is also changing. Now bodies for the GAZ-51, car shops, trailers, refrigerated trucks and special-purpose products, as well as body parts are produced in Lutsk. With the gradual increase in space, the production program is also expanding. The production of automobile repair shops and small-tonnage refrigerators begins.

TPK - it was a purely army vehicle, in fact - a motorized cart that can parachute, in addition to the driver, it can carry a couple more stretchers or six seated wounded, does not exceed half a meter in height and has four-wheel drive and a winch.

In addition, TPK is an amphibian that moves through the water due to the rotation of the wheels. Her tasks in the army were different: the removal of the wounded from the front line, the supply of ammunition, the towing of light guns. The driver could control the TPK while lying on the seat or even crawling, moving next to the car and barely holding on to the steering wheel. TPK or Luaz-967 is a unique car. He probably has no analogues, except for the Steyr-Puch Haflinger. And with TPK, the success of the Lutsk Automobile Plant began. The transporter entered service with the USSR army in 1969, was used in the airborne troops and motorized rifle units, and was also supplied to the countries of the Warsaw Pact. He stayed on the assembly line until 1989 and would be relevant even today. After all, there are simply no front line transporters in the Ukrainian army now.

The first Soviet "front-wheel drive" or the era of "Volynyanka"
On December 11, 1966, by order of the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR, the Lutsk Machine-Building Plant was renamed into an automobile plant and officially became LuAZ. In 1971, LuAZ determined the specialization in the production of passenger cars with increased cross-country ability for the needs of agriculture and special-purpose vehicles. But LuAZ mass-produces cars already in 1967. Yes, and what! It was in Lutsk that they were the first in the USSR to produce front-wheel drive cars.

Photo from their archive "Bogdan"

The need for inexpensive off-road vehicles was so huge that in 1976 the enterprise began reconstruction for the production of 50 thousand cars a year. At that time, LuAZ cost 5,100 rubles and was the only SUV that was freely sold to the public. Neither GAZ-69 nor UAZ-469 were sold to civilians.

In 1979, a new model LuAZ-969M appeared on the conveyor, with a more modern design, a new dashboard. In addition, the modernization of the plant has already been completed, and already on September 24, 1982, the 100,000th car rolls off the assembly line in Lutsk.

It should be noted that the LuAZ-969 was not only ahead of its time, but actually became the first mass-produced compact civilian B-class SUV in the world. It was more than 20 years before the appearance of the Suzuki Samurai. Meticulous historians will certainly be able to cite LuAZ analogues, the same Italian Samas Yeti-903 or the Austrian Steyr-Puch Haflinger, but they were produced in small quantities. And in Lutsk there was mass production. It is now that almost every manufacturer strives to have a B-class crossover in its range, and LuAZ already had such a car in the 60s.

For a youth SUV, LuAZ lacked the power of a 40-horsepower engine, and local importers were the first to experiment with replacing the air-cooled MeMZ engine with foreign ones. For example, the Italian dealer Martorelli (which also imported UAZs) offered LuAZs with 1.1-liter Ford engines. Already in the 90s in Italy they began to install even Lambordhini diesel engines on LuAZs (not to be confused with supercars, these were engines from small tractors).

In the vastness of the USSR, LuAZ-969M is gaining particular popularity in rural areas, among hunters and fishermen due to its unique cross-country ability. What names were not given to this SUV: "Volyn", "Bagpipe", "Volynets", "Volynyanka", "Lunokhod", "Luntik". He could pass where UAZs and Niva gave way, and sometimes he could give odds to the Urals. But the LuAZ-969M had a significant drawback - it was an air-cooled engine that overheated during long off-road driving and a very capricious "stove". And when a motor from Tavria MeMZ-245 with a power of 53 hp appeared under the hood. liquid-cooled, the popularity of "Volynyanka" has increased again. This modification received the designation LUAZ-1302 and was produced until 2001.

The designers endowed the LuAZ-1301 with unique properties. It was supposed to be the first car in the USSR with plastic body panels. It was still a unique all-terrain SUV, with larger wheels, a liquid-cooled engine, and a hard, rather than canvas, top.

LuAZ designers in the 90s create an incredible number of modifications, trying to find a new market niche. Every year, LuAZ pleased either with an elongated modification 13021-04, or with a LuAZ-13021 pickup truck or a 13021-07 van, or with a beach version of the LuAZ-1302-05 Foros, even an ambulance for the countryside LuAZ-1302-08 is being created. The plant begins to produce cars with a plastic roof, with various engines, even began to install diesel units. But output volumes decreased from year to year, and inflation ate up all incomes. The plant has actually stopped. It seemed to be a dead end.

But on April 14, 2000, the Ukrprominvest concern became the owner of 81.12% of the plant's shares, and LuAZ began the next stage. The new managers who have arrived have a good sense of the market situation, and in the same year they launch the SKD-assembly of popular VAZs and UAZs in Lutsk. The plant not only resumed the production of Volynyanka, but also assembled 648 UAZs, 2250 VAZ-21093 units in a year. Every year, the volumes grow, and LuAZ becomes the largest car assembly plant in Ukraine, where VAZ-21093, VAZ-21099, VAZ-2107, VAZ-2104, VAZ-21213, UAZ-3160, UAZ-31514 were assembled at different times, then separate Kia and Hyundai models are added, assembly of Hyundai HD-65 trucks begins. The plant is getting back on its feet and is already thinking about launching its own LuAZ-1301 model.

In 2002, a prototype of a new generation of SUVs LuAZ-1301 was created in Lutsk. The car turned out to be quite successful and proved to be quite good during the tests. She still has a plastic body, a removable roof that easily turns an SUV into a convertible, a modern interior and a 1.2-liter engine from Tavria-Nova. The owner of the plant is already considering investments in the launch of mass production, and LuAZ designers present a whole range of modifications: a 5-door station wagon, a pickup truck, a medical car, a car for special services. It seemed that the LuAZ-1301 was about to go into production. The popular automotive website www.autoconsulting.ua even hosted a competition for a name for this SUV and its tuning options. A small experimental batch of LuAZ-1301 was also produced. But the beginning of the 2000s is a time of low prices for Russian cars. For example, VAZ models then cost up to $4,000, and were produced in hundreds of thousands. LuAZ-1301 needed to have an even lower price tag, and with small production volumes this was not realistic to achieve.

On October 28, 2009, LuAZ officially changed its name and became known as the Public Joint Stock Partnership Automotive Company Bogdan Motors (abbreviated as JSC AK Bogdan Motors). A new era has begun at the plant again.

LuAZ once again changes its profile and becomes a key bus plant for Ukraine. From June 2005 to April 2006, the plant creates conditions for the production of 1.5 thousand trolleybuses and buses per year. On April 6, 2006, LuAZ OJSC presents a new bus program and 300 additional jobs appear at the plant. During the second phase of the reconstruction, up to 70,000 m² of production covered space is created at the enterprise, and the production capacity is increased to 4,000 buses and trolleybuses. Investments in production amount to 70 million dollars. Now the former LuAZ is the largest urban transport manufacturer in Ukraine. The plant masters the production of buses of all classes and trolleybuses of a large and extra large segment. New models leave its shops, which can be seen today in almost every city of Ukraine.

In 2014, the Bogdan A70100 electric bus was introduced, and in 2015, the plant was the first in Ukraine to begin production of Euro-5 A50232 buses with an Iveco engine.

The factory workers of Automobile Assembly Plant No. 1 of Bogdan Motors PJSC look confidently into the future. For 60 years, the plant has completely changed its profile of activity four times, and each time it has been successful. Moreover, the products of the Lutsk plant have always been in demand by the market. The uniqueness of the plant and the team is that in a small number (for all the time 491 thousand cars were produced here) they manage to leave the brightest mark in history. And for this reason, LuAZ is sure to be in serious collections.

So now, buses and trolleybuses "Bogdan" are known to every inhabitant of Ukraine. They will also be remembered over the years as the TPK transporter, LuAZ-969 and Lutsk VAZs. The glorious history of the Lutsk plant continues.

Reference

In total for the period 1966-2008. 491 thousand cars were produced at the Lutsk plant. Of these, 269 thousand "Volynyanka" LuAZ, 168 thousand cars of other brands (SKD-assembly).
For 60 years, the plant has produced more than half a million units of products. 54 thousand car shops, 5.5 thousand trucks and 3.5 thousand buses and trolleybuses.

Source © Bogdan Auto

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The Lutsk Automobile Plant (until 1967, the Lutsk Machine-Building Plant - LuMZ) was established in 1959 on the basis of the Lutsk Automobile Repair Plant as part of the program for the technical re-equipment of the Soviet army.

TPK
LuMZ-967

The prototype of the TPK, developed in 1959 at the MZMA as an alternative to the work of the Fitterman group. It all started with the task of creating a light all-terrain vehicle for the then expanding Airborne Forces, suitable for landing without a platform, i.e. just on a parachute system. Initially, the Fitterman group tried to solve this problem in NAMI, inventing something plastic for the Irbit engine, but the military did not like their proposals and, based on the results of the activities of the 1st Main Directorate of the KGB, it was proposed not to dress up, but to copy the BMW model. In a series of cars from 1961 to 1967.

TPK
LuAZ-967

TPK - DEFINITION. Cars - transporters of especially small carrying capacity (400-750 kg.) Are intended for use in the evacuation of the wounded from the battlefield, the supply of ammunition, military equipment, as well as the installation certain types weapons. Among domestic cars with a 4x4 wheel formula, these include the LuAZ 967 and 967M. These transporters are characterized by high cross-country ability, amphibious qualities, air transport, highly maneuverable and mobile.

TPK LUAZ 967

The vehicle is intended for use in combat formations of units that are in close contact with the enemy. Curb weight - 950 kg, full - 1350 kg. Ground clearance - 285 mm. Height with raised windshield - 1580 mm. MeMZ 967A engine, 37 hp It is possible to tow one trailer weighing up to 300 kg.

When driving on roads at speeds up to 75 km / h, the front wheels are leading. The drive to the rear turns on to overcome difficult areas. There is also a downshift, it is possible to lock the rear axle differential. In addition, to overcome trenches and get out of the water onto an unprepared shore, the LuAZ 967 is equipped with easily removable metal ladders. The car is capable of climbing up to 58%. A winch can be used to pull up loads and wounded in the enemy fire zone, placing the vehicle in cover. The force developed by the winch is 150-200 kgf, the cable length is 100 m.

A feature of the LuAZ 967 is the ability to move along rivers and lakes. The body of the machine is waterproof, which provides a sufficient margin of buoyancy. The LuAZ 967 moves through the water thanks to the rowing effect created by the wheels. Speed afloat - up to 3 km / h.

The driver's seat in the LuAZ 967 is located in the middle, and on the right and left, with some shift back, there are two passenger seats recessed into the platforms. When folded, their backs are in the same plane with the platform, making room for cargo or two wounded on a stretcher.

When secrecy of movement is needed, the driver can drive the car reclining. At the same time, the steering column is lowered, the seat back is folded back, and the windshield is on the engine hood. The instrument panel, mounted on the steering wheel hub extensions, in any case remains in the driver's field of vision.

HISTORY OF CREATION

War in Korea (1949-1953), which Soviet Union supplied military equipment, showed a shortage in the armed forces of a light all-terrain vehicle for transporting the wounded, transporting ammunition, etc. GAZ 69, used at that time for these purposes, had too large dimensions, was clumsy, and on a field pitted with funnels, he often sat on bridges. It was then that the need arose to create a light floating all-terrain vehicle with a high suspension, suitable for transporting the wounded, preferably capable of landing from aircraft.

The development of a new all-terrain vehicle was taken up by a special group at NAMI under the leadership of B.M. Fitterman (designer of the famous Soviet armored personnel carriers BTR-152). In 1958, the first prototype was made, called NAMI 049. The body was made of fiberglass, the supporting base of the body served as the frame. Suspension - independent torsion bar, trailing arms. The front axle was connected permanently, the rear axle was connected through a lockable center differential. The rear axle differential was also blocked. The distance between the axles (base) was 180 cm. The wheel gears were used in the design, which increased the torque and increased the ground clearance to 28 cm for a loaded car. The engine of the Irbit Motorcycle Plant MD 65 with a power of 22 hp was used in the design. But sea trials of the prototype revealed a number of shortcomings: the fiberglass body was not strong enough, and the engine was too weak.

The second alternative "Zaporozhye" NAMI-049A with a folding
steering column. Body shapes are still reminiscent of the BMW corporate identity.

Various prototypes of the TPK, the latter was held under the symbol ZAZ-967. For a long time they tried to bring the exhaust pipes forward in front of the hood ...

Specialists from the Zaporozhye plant joined the development of the second sample of NAMI 049A. On the basis of the VMW-600 engine, the MeMZ 969 engine with a power of 30 (originally - 27) hp was developed. Instead of a fiberglass, a steel case with a powerful frame was used. The center differential was abandoned, the rear axle became disconnectable. The plate torsion bars were replaced with forged ones, which allowed the suspension to withstand the shock of landing on a parachute. Work was carried out on two versions of the machine - simple and floating. The military chose the second option. To solve the problem of transporting the wounded, the driver's seat was placed in the middle, behind them - back to back - sat an orderly. Stretchers for the wounded were on the sides. The top of the body and partially the sidewalls were covered with a tarpaulin awning. Movement on water was carried out due to the rowing effect of the wheels. The final version was named LuMZ-967. Its production began at the car factory in Lutsk in 1961. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

NAMI-049 "Spark"

This is how the legendary product of the Fitterman group looked like, on the basis of the development of which the well-known civilian LuAZ was born. (avto4x4.narod.ru)

ZAZ-969

The first version of a rural all-terrain vehicle, intended for mass production at the Lutsk Automobile Plant based on TPK units. The design was developed by a team of MZMA specialists at the Kommunar plant based on the design results of the Moskvich-415. Contrary to popular belief, it was never produced in Lutsk, a batch of 50 units per Zaporozhye plant in 1964. There was a ZAZ-969V version without a drive to the rear axle, but apparently it was not mass-produced at all. On the right photo is a replica of the ZAZ-969, manufactured at the Lutsk Automobile Plant based on the LuAZ-969M units. In the photo at the top left - the ZAZ-969 prototype is being tested, there were no doors on it, but there were ladders from the combat vehicle.

ZAZ-971

A kind of side branch of the development of ZAZ-969, when units from it and from LuMZ-967 were used to create all-wheel drive vehicles based on the ZAZ-970. In the first photo and the photo on the left is the ZAZ-971D model in long-wheelbase and short-wheelbase versions, allegedly designed for the needs of the army. On the second photo - ZAZ-971B, all-wheel drive cargo van, on the third - ZAZ-971V, a six-seater minivan. The 971B and 971V cars were almost indistinguishable from the corresponding models of the 970 series, differing from them only in a higher suspension and "all-terrain" tires on disks. Models ZAZ-971G ( flatbed truck) did not exist in nature, but there are fake photos of it, where the ZAZ-970G has something resembling a lockable cross-axle differential attached to the front axle.

LuMZ-969V

An alternative version of the "969" model, developed in 1965 and produced since 1966 at the Lutsk plant. Went down in history as the first Soviet front-wheel drive car, since the power Lviv plant(supplier of LuMZ) at that time made it possible to provide only military supplies of LuMZ-967 with sets of rear axles. For a number of machines, the gearbox had a special shank to drive all kinds of agricultural machinery. Produced only about a year and a half. It was from him that the first vernacular name this model - "lumumzik".

LuAZ-969

After the elimination in 1971 (according to other sources - in 1969) of the shortage of components for the rear axles, this model went into series, which was produced until 1975 and was already a completely all-wheel drive car. Due to the fashion that existed in those years for the creation of so-called "associations", LuAZ was merged with ZAZ, and for some time the produced LuAZs were documented as ZAZ-969 (not to be confused with ZAZ-969 of the 1964 model).

LuAZ-969 van

The cargo modification LuAZ-969, which was supposed to be released a little earlier (in 1967), was supposed to receive the LuAZ-969F index. According to reports, it was not implemented in metal, since there were not enough components even for the release of the basic modification. As a result, the people unanimously began to put up “booths” from heels. (http://luaz.narod.ru)

LuAZ-969A

After mastering the Melitopol engine plant production over powerful engine MeMZ-969A since 1975, this model has replaced the 969th on the conveyor and was produced until 1979. In 1977, a batch of these cars with all-metal bodies was produced, but I could not find out their factory index, foreign sources mention that they were called LuAZ-969F, but this is unlikely, since the letter “F” in this family belonged to vans. (http://luaz.narod.ru/969a/969a—1.htm)

LuAZ-967M

Modification of TPK, unified in terms of units and assemblies with models 969A-969M. Or vice versa 🙂 . In the photo - corroded Bundes fishing. Photo courtesy of AutoBild magazine.

LuAZ-967MP

Modification of the 967M transporter, developed by order of the border troops as a light staff vehicle. It differed from the basic modification by an increased side height and a different configuration of the awning, the absence of removable ladders.

Communication vehicle LuAZ-967M

The modification of the 967M conveyor, intended for transporting a company / battalion radio station, differs from the base model in a different configuration of the awning, regular positions for attaching antennas to the rear right and left along the sides, the absence of removable ladders, in places of which the trenching tool was attached. Later, on its basis, in the interests of the Airborne Forces, a vehicle was created for transporting MANPADS crews, first Strela, then Igla different modifications. Firing from the hands of the calculation was allowed, including on the move (with the awning removed), but not afloat, the ammunition load was four to six missiles.

Fire support vehicles based on LuAZ-967

In the 1970s, on the basis of the LuAZ-967 (first three photos), the plant offered modifications of an amphibious weapon carrier for the Airborne Forces, an automatic grenade launcher (first photo), an ATGM complex (second photo) or a recoilless gun / easel grenade launcher ( third photo). Later, on the basis of the LuAZ-967M, a new modification was created, armed with a modernized AGS-17M (fourth photo) with an increased portable ammunition load - a kind of "grenade launcher cart".

LuAZ-969M

In 1979, the Lutsk Automobile Plant began serial production of the LuAZ-969M, an improved modification of the LuAZ 969A, the development of which began in 1974. This model is equipped, like its predecessor, with a 40-horsepower MeMZ-969A engine, however, it is equipped with a separate brake drive with a hydraulic vacuum booster on the front circuit. The appearance of the car was modernized due to a change in the front panels, the shape of the windshield was changed, the doors were equipped with locks, the door windows received a rigid frame and opening “windows”, a soft instrument panel, a safety steering column and “Zhiguli” seats appeared in the cabin.

Even before the launch of the LuAZ 969M series, it was highly appreciated at the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements, in 1978 at the international salon in Turin (Italy) it entered the top ten best cars in Europe, and in 1979 at the international exhibition in Ceske Budejovice (Czechoslovakia) received Gold medal as one of the best cars for the villagers. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-2403

Airfield tractor based on LuAZ-969M. Almost the only serial version, originally designed for the use of the VAZ engine. Later, the solutions developed in it were used in the implementation of the LuAZ-13021 variant. It could very well become the basis for a serious modernization of the original model, but, unfortunately, in the conditions of the Soviet automobile industry, this was impossible. Some of the tractors were equipped with flashing beacons orange color(see photo on the left). (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

ZAZ-2320

A variant of a dump truck based on the body of the LuAZ-2403 tractor, but with an engine, transmission and electrics from 969M. According to the owner, the factory produced only four copies. A kind of alternative branch of development in relation to 13021, and in my opinion - really more promising. Why "ZAZ" is a mystery of nature, but it is under this index that it passes through the documents.

LuAZ-969MF

A variant of a cargo van based on the LuAZ-969M, the development of the failed cargo version based on LuAZ-969, was released in a limited series. Very often they are simply called LuAZ-969F, which is not entirely correct. Behind him in the photo is one of the first prototypes LuAZ-1301(presumably created no later than 1982-83), which was essentially a deep restyling of the 969M model.

LuAZ-1302

After the modernization of the 969M model carried out in 1988, a car with the new LuAZ 1302 index began to be equipped with 53 powerful four-cylinder engines from Tavria MeMZ 245-20 with water cooling, which on average reduced fuel consumption by 16% and significantly reduced noise. The spars of the U-shaped section are stronger than steel. The seats were also borrowed from the Tavria. Appeared new panel devices and additional noise and vibration protection mats. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru) The variant with a regular plastic body instead of an awning had the LuAZ-1302-02 index.

LuAZ-13021 prototype

Cargo long-base modification "969M" in the factory version. Subsequently, the type of side body was changed, and the base for production model became "1302".

LuAZ-13021

Serial cargo modification of the model "1302", which was assembled, in particular, at the Valetta company near Moscow (pictured). Later, in collaboration with "Valetta", the Lutsk-Moscow "hybrid" LuAZ-23021 was made.

LuAZ-13021-03

Modification of the model "13021" with a normal hard cab and sunroof. According to available information, it was assembled only at the plant in Lutsk. A variant of this truck under the brand name LuAZ-23021 was made on the basis of the LuAZ-2403 airfield tractor (with a VAZ-2103 engine), but at the same time it was equipped with a rack and pinion steering and gearbox from Moskvich 2141 without a drive to the rear axle, respectively, there was no torsion bar suspension and wheel gears, the front axle had a MacPherson type suspension, the rear axle was made continuous on leaf springs, because of this, the ground clearance decreased from 280 to 200 mm.

LuAZ-13021-04

Long-wheelbase cargo-passenger modification of the model "1302". With mass production, the car could become quite real competitor all kinds of "farmers" and others like them. This car was created for mobile crews in the maintenance of power lines and pipelines. There are four seats in a double cab, on a shortened cargo platform can carry up to 250 kg of cargo. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-1302-05 "Foros"

According to unverified information, for some time it was produced by the factory “to order”. A kind of "youth-beach" (externally) modification of the LuAZ 1302. It differs from the prototype not only in design and an open body with safety arcs. Under the hood - 37 strong Italian diesel engine "Lamborghini" LDW 1404. Some technical data for this model: wheel formula - 4x4; load capacity - 400kg; curb weight - 970 kg; full mass- 1370kg; dimensions - length - 3430mm; width - 1610mm; height - 1754mm; ground clearance - 280mm; base - 1800mm; track - 1360mm; engine - number of cylinders - 4; working volume 1372 cm3; power at 3600 rpm - 37.4 hp; torque 8.47kgf.m at 2200 rpm; maximum speed 100 km/h; fuel consumption -7.7 l per 100 km; maximum climb angle 60%; maximum angle roll stability 40 degrees; fording depth 0.5 m; wheels - disks - 51 / 2J / 13; tires - 186 / 65R13; ( http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-13021-07

A variant of the "21-04" model with an extended van-type body with a fiberglass top and a metal tailgate.

LuAZ-13021-08

Modification of the model "21-07" for the needs of first aid. A car for servicing rural paramedical stations and delivering people to the hospital. The top is fiberglass. For comfortable stretcher placement rear end the body lengthened by more than 600 mm, in connection with which the rear overhang increased. The body has four doors: one on the left, two on the right and rear. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

Ukrainian MLRS with NAR S-5 unit

Even now, special machines are being created - a kind of home-made MLRS ( jet systems salvo fire). One of the latest examples is one of the most original combat "designs" of our time - the Ukrainian mobile artillery system on a LuAZ jeep. (http://armor.kiev.ua/ptur/)

TPK-2 prototype

The prototype of the three-bridge TPK, the progenitor of the Geologist, was developed on the basis of LuAZ-967M units and assemblies, was tested in 1982-1983. He had every chance of becoming a serial car, but the factory preferred to go further and try to create a car with an active air suspension.

TPK-2
LuAZ-972

Army predecessor of "Geologist". Further development TPK ideas. The design feature is an active independent torsion bar hydropneumatic suspension, unified with the LuAZ-1301 model of the 1990 prototype. Both prototypes and this pre-production model were under the factory index 972. Not serially produced.

LuAZ-1901 "Geologist"

When designing the TPK LuAZ 967, a three-axle version of the amphibian transporter was also created on a trial basis on its basis, but these cars did not go into series at that time. However, the idea was not forgotten and at the Kiev Motor Show SIA99 Lutsk Automobile Plant presented an all-wheel drive off-road vehicle LuAZ 1901 "Geologist".

The car is quite remarkable. Firstly, it is three-axle, and with a uniform placement of bridges on the base, which guarantees excellent cross-country ability. The car easily overcomes ditches up to 1.4 meters wide. But not dependent suspension of all wheels, combined with a sufficient overall length, provides exceptionally smooth movement over rough terrain. The car climbs up to 58% and is kept on a side slope of 40 degrees.

Secondly, this car is an amphibian. Water propulsion - traditional for Luazovsk all-terrain vehicles - the rowing effect of the wheels, providing speed on the water up to 5 km / h.

Thirdly, and finally, as power unit the car used a three-cylinder diesel engine 3DTN, Kharkov plant named after. Malyshev.

Demonstrating this experimental model, the Lutsk Automobile Plant hoped to attract the attention of law enforcement agencies, as well as ministries of emergency situations. But, apparently, it turned out as always ...

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

wheel formula 6x6; load capacity 660 kg; curb weight 1250 kg; gross weight 1900 kg; dimensions length 4522 mm, width 1922 mm, height 1754 mm; ground clearance 285 mm; track 1335 mm; diesel engine 3DTN; number and arrangement of cylinders 3 in a row; working volume 1.5 l; power at 3600 rpm 51 hp; maximum speed 60 km/h; fuel consumption 12 l/100 km; water obstacle width 3000 m; wheels, rims 5J/16, tires 6.96/16 (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-1301 prototype 1984

The first version of the LuAZ-1301. It was essentially a variant of the 969M, on which a new body was worn, later the motor was replaced with a “Taurian” one. (http://www.luaz.com/chronik.html)

LuAZ-1301 prototype 1990

An attempt at a radical update model range Lutsk SUVs. This car was presented at the Moscow exhibition MIMS-94 in 1994. Had a lot of progressive options, for example - adjustable suspension height ... (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-13019

A unique all-wheel drive three-axle truck with increased (there is no higher) cross-country ability based on components and assemblies of the LuAZ-1301 prototype of 1990. (http://www.autoprofi.kiev.ua/index.html)

LuAZ-Proto

An alternative prototype LuAZ-1301, developed in the Leningrad laboratory of NAMI by the Parfenov-Khainov group in 1988-1989. Under the integral hood (which folds back along with the wings), an old friend is hidden - the “Taurian” MeMZ-245 engine. But the transmission is completely original. The gearbox is 6-speed, synchronized, and the first two gears are downshifts. Since there is no center differential in the circuit, connecting the front axle is possible only in off-road driving mode. The car does not have a transfer case: the drive of the front axle can be switched off - from the front end of the secondary shaft of the gearbox. An interesting feature are the constant velocity joints used in the drive not only of the front (independent, suspended on McPherson-type struts), but also rear wheels. Quite unusual for a jeep is the De Dion rear spring dependent suspension, where the main gear is fixed to the body through soundproofing elements. The power unit, front suspension and final drive are a single unit mounted on a separate subframe. That is, all the mechanics in the assembly can be rolled out from under the car without making complete disassembly body. For the body, a frame-panel design was chosen, in which all the loads are taken up by a stamped steel frame, and the outer panels made of plastic are made removable and do not affect the overall strength of the body. In addition to operational advantages (less susceptibility to corrosion, immunity to minor damage, maintainability), this solution gave some technological advantages. Plastic parts could be painted separately from the body, which made it possible to somewhat reduce the requirements for the heat resistance of plastic and the cleanliness of the surface of stamped parts, and the modernization of the car during the production process was also simplified. The interior of the car is designed for four passengers of the so-called 95% percentile, that is, out of every hundred adults, 95 will find a comfortable position for themselves and only five will experience some discomfort. Separate design rear seats allows you to move their backrests 100 mm forward, after which the width of the seats becomes sufficient to accommodate three passengers of the 50% percentile. In the LuAZ-Proto cabin, you can equip comfortable sleeping places or transform the seats into a cargo area. The tailgate folds down to a horizontal position, which increases the loading area. (http://luaz.narod.ru/proto/proto.htm
http://asa.minsk.by/abw/arxiv/251/v-vned.htm)

LuAZ-1301 prototype 2002

In 2002, an updated version of the 1994 model LuAZ 1301 that did not reach the conveyor was presented. Traditionally, the car received four-wheel drive with differential locks. A 1.2-liter MeMZ-2457 engine with a power of 58 hp is used as a power unit. Gearbox - five-speed, the body is completely plastic. Backdoor made of two halves - upper and lower, the spare tire and tools are hidden in niches under the front seats, so the luggage compartment is completely free. According to preliminary data, if the car goes into production, its cost will be from $3,000 to $4,500 (then it was at least $5,000), depending on the configuration. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru http://www.luaz.com)

LuAZ-1301-08

Sanitary modification of the new version 1301. In a non-specialized version, a car with such a body variant could well become a good utility car for the village, for outdoor activities, family ... (http://www.luaz.com)

LuAZ-1301-07

Long wheelbase version 1301, created on the basis of the "nurse" 1301-08. This particular instance had fasteners for flashing beacons on the fairing.