Four-wheel drive rear which is better. Which is better all-wheel drive - permanent or plug-in? Features of vehicles with all-wheel drive

Very often, motorists argue about which type of drive is better. Let's look at the advantages and disadvantages of each type separately.

Rear drive

Let's start with rear-wheel drive, which is considered a classic, this is due to the fact that it is very for a long time the cars had a rear-wheel drive and a longitudinally located front engine.

Disadvantages of rear wheel drive:
1. Expensive in production, which is reflected in the final price of the car.
2. Cars with a rear-wheel drive type are heavier; as a rule, they always have a tunnel located in the center of the body, which eats up the useful volume of the passenger compartment and reduces the comfort of the rear passengers.
3. Traction in snow and mud conditions is worse than that of front- or all-wheel drive vehicles.
4. Tendency to skid the rear axle of the car.

Front drive type

The engine is mounted transversely relative to the axis of the vehicle.

Advantages front wheel drive:
1. Cheapest to manufacture.
2. Due to lack cardan shaft as a rule there is no central tunnel (but is present if the car has an all-wheel drive version).
3. High snow and mud flotation, inherent good directional stability.
4. Lower vehicle weight.

Flaws front type drive:
1. Vibration from the motor due to rigid mounting is transmitted to the body.
2. The steering wheel during intensive acceleration transmits reactive forces (expressed in the form of shocks). That's why front wheel drive cars over 250 hp as a rule, they are not released due to the inability to realize the potential of the engine.
3. With a sharp start, the weight is redistributed back, the front axle is unloaded, and the drive wheels tend to slip.
4. Demolition of the front of the car.

Full drive type

All wheels are driving, which provides good directional stability and cross-country ability. There are several types of all-wheel drive, permanent or plug-in.

Permanent four-wheel drive

When the vehicle is equipped with a permanent four-wheel drive system, torque is continuously transmitted to all wheels. The car has a constant readiness for complex traffic situations, the disadvantages can be considered the most high flow fuel and technically complex design.

Plug-in all-wheel drive

This type of drive involves driving in normal modes in a single-wheel drive (more often rear-wheel drive) mode with the connection of an all-wheel drive system only when necessary. The advantage is low fuel consumption, more high level comfort, the disadvantage is increased transmission wear and poor handling when the all-wheel drive system is on, since the front and rear axles will move with different angular velocity and effort that is not compensated by anything.

Automatic all-wheel drive by type - traction on demand

The type of drive when the automation connects the second axle when the first one slips by blocking the center clutch. There are two types of plug-in drive - with a viscous clutch, which is cheaper, but does not provide a timely connection of the axle, that is, the car can get stuck or go off the path, or with a multi-plate clutch, which is more expensive, but provides a more efficient connection of the second axle, since closes much faster and allows you to accurately distribute thrust along the axes in real time.

An example would be xDrive system installed on bmw cars, the center clutch of which constantly redistributes the torque, taking into account the readings of many sensors. For off-road driving similar systems equipped with differential locks, upon activation of which the thrust is divided along the axes 50 * 50. The advantage of this system is low fuel consumption, more enduring technical component, the disadvantage is the cost and complexity in production.

Advantages of all-wheel drive:
1. High course stability.
2. Better car handling.
3. The best cross-country ability among all drive types.
4. The most efficient start from a standstill, especially in low grip conditions.

Flaws complete type drive:
1. The most expensive to manufacture, repair and maintain.
2. Increased noise level due to two cardan shafts.
3. The central tunnel creates the same disadvantages and inconveniences as the rear-wheel drive.
4. High weight and increased consumption fuel.
5. When a critical situation arises on the road, the car slides on all four wheels, which makes it much more difficult to return it to the driver's control.

Although, in fact, there are 4 main types of drive - all-wheel drive is usually divided into 4-wheel drive and all-wheel drive (when the car has more than two axles).

Which of these drive options is better: full, front or rear, depends on the driving style, the nature and surface of the road on which to drive, the type of car itself (it is a sports car or a full-fledged SUV) and a number of other conditions. But what type of drive is right for you, what are the differences between rear, front and all-wheel drive and how they all work. Let's look at the differences between these types of drive separately, and at the end we give a general table with the pros and cons of each type.

Front-wheel drive

The bulk of cars in our country, and in most countries of the world, produced since the late 1990s, use front-wheel drive. First of all, this is due to the space efficiency of the front-wheel drive, its relative cheapness. The car's front-wheel drive ensures that the engine, transmission and power train are located in one compact housing that is conveniently located under the hood, freeing up the rest useful part vehicle for passengers and cargo.

Front-wheel drive

This allows, of course, to offer more inner space while maintaining the compactness and budget of the machine. Almost all front-wheel drive vehicles have engines mounted across the length of the car - this way the engine torque is transferred to the wheel rotation as compactly as possible - with less extra details, gearboxes and more.

Pros of front wheel drive:

• Front-wheel drive has additional advantages in snow and rain: the weight of the engine directly over the drive wheels gives the car better grip on slippery roads. Thus, front wheel drive car significantly less prone to skidding, and the critical speed at which the car will begin to skid is higher than that of a rear-wheel drive car, all other things being equal. This is perhaps the main advantage of front-wheel drive.
• Compactness. As mentioned above, the location of the engine next to the drive wheels greatly simplifies the design of the machine and gives much more free space both under the hood and in the cabin and under the bottom.
• Compactness determines budget - a front-wheel drive car is also much cheaper to design and build than a rear-wheel drive and, all the more, all-wheel drive.

Cons of front wheel drive:

• Although, despite the fact that a front-wheel drive car is less prone to skidding the rear axle, if front wheel drive car led into a skid, then the car is much more difficult to get out of this skid due to the same design.
• And more about skidding - if you remember the driving school course, then when skidding the rear axle on the front drive, you should increase the gas supply to get out of the skid. And this is instinctively impossible for some drivers. The thing is that in an emergency panic situation, many drivers - especially inexperienced ones - press the brakes, which is not acceptable for front wheel drive car and only exacerbates the skid.
• Since the drive wheels are also swivel at the same time, this introduces its own limitations, firstly, on the maximum angle of rotation of the wheels, and on the wear of an increased number of mechanisms - first of all, the so-called "grenade", which provides drive to the turned wheels .
• Since the main components are located under the hood in front of the car, the front-wheel drive makes its own adjustments to wear. brake mechanisms. The fact is that when braking, the main weight of the car is transferred forward (when moving forward, of course). This means that the already heavy front of the car works out braking even more, which leads to much faster wear of the brake mechanisms on the front axle of the car - first of all, the brake pads. Often the rear pads are changed when the front pads have already been replaced twice.
• For the same reason that the weight is transferred forward, on the contrary, when the car accelerates, its weight is transferred to the rear wheels, which determines worst grip with the road leading front wheels. Thus, we get that the front-wheel drive is more prone to slipping, which is on charged powerful cars is just a tragedy. That is why most sports cars- rear-wheel drive.

Rear drive

Rear-wheel drive most often means that the engine in front, located longitudinally along the length of the car, sends its torque to the rear wheels through a long cardan shaft. Meanwhile, the most simplistic components of rear-wheel drive make it generally cheaper than front-wheel drive, contrary to the statement in the pros of front-wheel drive above, however, if you include everything high tech in modern rear-wheel drive, such cars end up being much more expensive.

Rear drive

In the past, almost all cars were rear-wheel drive for a long time, because it seemed like a very simple design due to the fact that mechanics and vehicle designers had even a vague idea of ​​​​how to equip a car with front-wheel drive and still leave the front wheels turning.

Rear wheel drive advantages:

• Rear-wheel drive has its main key advantage - performance. Since during acceleration of the car, inertia transfers a significant proportion of its (car) weight to the rear wheels, which are the driving ones, the likelihood of their slipping is much less than in the case of front-wheel drive. That's why most sports cars such as Chevrolet Corvette, Ferrari, Lamborghini, muscle cars such as Dodge Challenger, performance sedans such as the BMW 3 Series and large luxury cars such as Mercedes-Benz S-class use rear wheel drive.
• In front-wheel drive, one set of wheels provides both movement and control of the machine. Rear-wheel drive allows these duties to be divided between the front and rear wheels, while spreading heavy mechanical components along the entire length of the car allows its weight to be distributed more evenly between the front and rear wheels, improving handling.
• Despite the fact that the rear-wheel drive skids easier slippery road, it is the rear-wheel drive that is also easier to get out of the skid, for which in the vast majority of cases it is enough just to stop transmitting the drive to them, but, on the contrary, release the gas pedal and let the engine speed slow down the leading rear axle.
• Since the front wheels are not simultaneously driving, the simplicity of the design allows them to turn at a larger angle, which reduces the overall turning radius of the machine.
• Drift - of course, where without this plus! It is the rear-wheel drive that provides such an opportunity, thanks to the slipping rear wheels and turning the front ones.

Rear wheel drive cons:

• The main disadvantage is that front-engined rear-wheel drive requires a transmission "tunnel" that runs through the center of the car, taking up valuable interior space, although this is of lesser importance in larger vehicles.
• Rear wheel drive may also be less desirable for driving in rain and snow. The thing is that since it is the rear axle that is more prone to skidding when cornering, the drive to these rear wheels makes them slip more on slippery roads, which only increases the likelihood of skidding. Therefore, in theory, rear-wheel drive is easier to skid (this is why drifting is only possible on rear-wheel drive). Although currently electronic systems stability control (ESP) eliminates this problem, although not completely.
• Another significant disadvantage of rear-wheel drive is that when cornering, more effort is required from the engine, because the rear wheels push the car forward, while the front wheels are turned to the side, due to which a little power is lost.

By the way, not all rear-wheel drive cars have the engine in front. Some high performance machines have the engine in the middle or at the rear. These cars include Ferrari, Lamborghini and other cars. And, of course, it would be crazy to put the engine in the middle or rear in such cars, while they would be front-wheel drive.

Rear wheel drive with mid-engine engine layout

Meanwhile, almost all trucks equipped rear wheel drive, since when they are loaded, the bulk also falls on back, which reduces the possibility of slipping of the drive wheels.

Four-wheel drive

Technically, all-wheel drive can be divided into three subgroups: permanent all-wheel drive, plug-in all-wheel drive, and adaptive all-wheel drive. All of these systems have the ability to deliver power to all four wheels of the vehicle, which improves traction in bad weather and over rough terrain, and are more commonly found on off-road vehicles such as the Jeep Wrangler and Toyota. Land cruiser. All types of all-wheel drive also offer much better traction, allowing the car to enter tight corners at higher speeds, so you can find all-wheel drive performance sedans in the catalogs, such as the Audi RS7, for example.

All-wheel drive (with reducer or system automatic connection all-wheel drive)

Adaptive all-wheel drive most commonly found on SUVs, crossovers, and sports cars (and some family cars and minivans). This system can transfer power from the engine between the front and rear wheels as needed. Moreover, most SUVs transfer 100% of engine power to the front wheels; but when they start to lose traction (on slippery roads, for example), power starts shifting to the rear wheels as well. Moreover, power distribution does not always occur in 50/50 shares, although it is close to this value.

Plug-in all-wheel drive- This is the simplest type of all-wheel drive, which is implemented on SUVs such as Jeep Wrangler, Ford F-150 and good old Niva. These systems have a device called transfer gearbox, which allows the front axle to be connected (or, conversely, disconnected from the transmission manually). Most of the time, the car is driven in rear-wheel drive mode; but when more traction is needed, the driver manually switches to four wheels using a special lever.

Permanent four-wheel drive. In such an all-wheel drive system, all wheels are constantly pulling force from the engine. Today, this system is rarely installed on modern cars.

Advantages of all-wheel drive

• Of course, the main advantage of all-wheel drive is cross-country ability.
• Much better handling, which allows you to enter corners faster and feel more confident on slippery roads.

Cons of all-wheel drive

• The main disadvantage of all four-wheel drive systems is their additional mechanical complexity and, as a result, the high cost of production and design.
• All four-wheel drive vehicles, as a rule, are less efficient in fuel consumption, since it is required to drive not only 2 times more wheels compared to front- or rear-wheel drive, but also various kinds of gearboxes and shafts.
• Tires all-wheel drive cars all four are already erased, and not a pair.

What is best for you?

The vast majority of cars (and, believe it or not, many crossovers) are front-wheel drive. It is a suitable choice for most drivers as it provides good grip with the road in bad weather and decent interior space.

If you're a sports car fan or live in a place where the weather is usually good, you're advised to consider rear-wheel drive. There are plenty of good front wheel drive sports cars out there though (like the Volkswagen GTI).

If you live where it rains and there is a lot of snow, where most of the roads are dirt or off-road, then an all-wheel drive SUV is your choice. Many rear wheel drive premium sedans offered in all-wheel drive versions, as well as many crossovers and SUVs can basic modifications have front or rear-wheel drive, and in more expensive ones - all-wheel drive.

Which is better: rear, front or all-wheel drive - comparison table

Let's look at the gradation of ratings (bad, satisfactorily, good , excellent ) different sides and characteristics of full, rear and front-wheel drive.

Conditions	Front-wheel drive	Rear drive	Four-wheel drive
Budget car	Great	Fine	Badly
Handling on dry roads	Great	Great	Great
Handling on slippery roads	Fine	Satisfactorily	Great
Traction on eroded clay, snow	Satisfactorily	Satisfactorily	Great
Behavior on powerful cars	Badly	Fine	Great
The complexity of the design, the total weight of the system	Great	Satisfactorily	Badly
Braking efficiency	Satisfactorily	Great	Great
Maneuverability	Satisfactorily	Great	Satisfactorily
Loss of power (consequently, increased fuel consumption)	Great	Satisfactorily	Badly

The motorist, choosing any brand of car, first of all, evaluates its functional characteristics, maximum possibilities, the design of components and assemblies, engine size and other options, but already initially before choosing, he must decide which drive to choose?

There are the following types automotive drives, These include:
1. Rear (classic);
2. Front;
3. Full.

Which drive is better - rear or front?

Among drivers, today, on the question of which drive is actually better, there is no definite consensus. Naturally, this can be explained by the fact that any driver will praise exactly the type of car he drives. It is difficult to say which one is better and which one is worse, which one is more easily controlled, which one is not. Because everyone has their own advantages and disadvantages. There should not be a clear statement regarding. Each drive system is designed for certain driving conditions, and the question of his choice concerns only the driver, and he, based on his driving experience, his preferences, takes given choice.
But still, it is necessary to have the basics of information on this issue, to know all the pros and cons of different types of machine drives. Knowing it, in the future you will be able to use it, comparing them with the driving conditions under which your future vehicle will actually drive. So, let's proceed to their analysis and consideration.

1. Rear wheel drive car

Machines that operate on the principle of rear-wheel drive include those in which the transmission structure transmits torque to the rear axle (leading). Its components include the engine, cardan shaft and rear axle. If you figuratively imagine the principle of operation of these types of vehicles, you get the following:
= transmission = torque = rotation of the rear axle.
Among the people, this class of car is considered a classic, which dominates among all the others. This is due to the fact that they were the first to go to mass production.

1.1. Positive sides:

both back and front. In percentage terms, this distribution is approximately 50/50. This is due to the fact that when you press the gas, when the car starts moving, it distributes part of the weight of the car to its rear, thereby unloading the front. With such work, the entire weight of the car is evenly distributed, acceleration is gained very quickly, engine thrust increases, but often the rear wheels slip with sharp gas. Accordingly, the rises are easily overcome.

Skid is easily removed. Usually, cars of this class when driving on low speeds, especially on corners, more often skids. On the one hand, this is dangerous, on the other hand, to eliminate the skid, you just need to release the gas pedal. Dropping the gas pedal under force majeure circumstances almost always occurs automatically, at the intuitive level of a person. If there are certain ones, then the skid can be controlled by gently pressing the gas pedal and turning the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. Naturally, this action is recommended for experienced drivers.

The steering wheel is not subjected to vibrational vibrations. These vibrations can come from the driving axle of the car, but since it is the rear axle, these vibrations are not transmitted while sitting in the car, the vibration is not noticeable, it is practically non-existent.

The steering (front) wheels pave the way for the leading ones. The driving wheels are rear, respectively, when driving on loose, difficult or snowy roads, the car's cross-country ability increases, since the front wheels, when driving, seem to lay potassium for the rear ones.

Less turning angle. That is, the front wheels only steer, the rear wheels push, respectively, the turning radius decreases, so it is easier to turn into turns in this class of car if the road conditions allow.

1.2. Negative sides:

• Control wheels slow down the car. If, while driving, the front wheels are turned by a certain radius, then in some cases a braking effect is created, as they are pushed by the driving wheels. In such situations, the likelihood of a car skidding increases, and it should be noted that not at high, but at low speeds.
• Availability cardan shafts, reduces the power of the car as well as when driving broken roads the possibility of damage increases and additional noise is felt. Perhaps the car's cross-country ability is decreasing, but these are special cases.
• Complicated design. This type of car requires the installation of additional components and assemblies (at the factory level), which complicates its design and increases its weight. These factors lead to an increase in the cost of the car itself and the cost of their subsequent repair;
• The interior space is smaller. The design of the machine is located in such a way that there is a tunnel in the center of the cabin, which reduces the spaciousness of the cabin, this tunnel is necessary for the cardan shaft.
• Difficult control in ice. Usually, by the onset of winter, there are frequent accidents due to slippery roads. To a greater extent, accidents are caused by cars on which summer or, and especially rear-wheel drive cars are installed. Since they are difficult to manage on slippery roads, the likelihood of skidding increases tenfold.

2. Front wheel drive car

The history of the production of these types of cars begins in 1929, when engineer Carl Van Ranstr, in the USA, released the “iron horse” with the CordL-29 front-wheel drive. Although its technical characteristics were slightly worse than other cars, the demand for it was high. Then, after the global crisis, the production of these cars was closed. But, starting from the 60-70s, production resumed, and moved into mass production.
Structure principle of this type vehicles, to which the gearbox is installed, then two grenades (CV joints) are installed to the front (driving) wheels, through which torque is transmitted to the drive axle.

This is what a front wheel drive car looks like

2.1. Positive sides:

• The spaciousness of the cabin. The interior of the car is a little more spacious, since the absence of a cardan shaft eliminates the need to create a tunnel in the center of the car frame structure. Although in fact, many cars have a tunnel that serves as a frame reinforcement and installation of various mechanisms. However, the opposite situation is currently observed, i.e. there is no tunnel, as the frame design is being improved;
• The cost is lower. The cost is much lower than other types of cars. This is due to the fact that their production is less labor intensive, which is explained by the design principle based on minimalism and simplicity, and, accordingly, requiring less costs;
• Simplicity and minimalism. The design of the front drive units is modeled in such a way that there is no need to install any additional components, as a result of which its reliability increases, due to the fact that the design is simpler. Accordingly, the operation of the entire vehicle structure is more efficient than a rear-wheel drive vehicle, in particular Engine efficiency cars with front-wheel drive are much higher;
• High course stability. Higher stability on the roads, since the front drive wheels “drag” all the iron behind them, that is, directional stability is higher;
• Efficient braking. Since the bulk of the weight falls on the front of the vehicle, braking is therefore more reliable.

2.2. Negative sides:

• Cabin vibration. This simplicity and minimalism in the design of the front drive wheels is reflected in the form of vibration throughout the cabin. In particular, there is a strong impact on, since the front axle is both leading and steering. However, on modern cars, this disadvantage is compensated by the power steering (GUR);
• Slip. With a relatively sharp start of the car, the front wheels usually begin to slip, as the load on them increases, as a result of which the engine thrust decreases;
• Large turning radius. The turning radius is reduced, as the front wheels perform two functions - traction of the entire car and control.
• Frequent repairs. The front wheels are considered to be driving and steering, as a result of which this leads to a quick breakdown of the structure and to frequent repairs. Usually grenades fail that are not repaired (they are completely replaced).

Brief conclusion:
The above analyzed disadvantages / advantages of the two types of cars are the main ones and, knowing them, you can already have an idea of ​​​​how to make a choice between the types of cars, front or rear wheel drive. But there is also combined type cars, mainly SUVs, which are all-wheel drive.

3. All-wheel drive car

What is all-wheel drive? Under the all-wheel drive of a car, we mean such a transmission design when the torque is transmitted to all four wheels, while on some models it is possible to regulate the operation of the drives, that is, you can leave only the rear-wheel drive, or front-wheel drive, or use all four wheels at once. Usually, SUVs and station wagons are produced with all-wheel drive. But their supply in the car market is much lower than other types of cars. They are more expensive due to their complex design, respectively, the repair of components and assemblies is also expensive.

It looks like a car with all-wheel drive

The all-wheel drive design is divided into four systems:

• Part time 4wd – this system works on the principle of temporary action. For example, you can drive only in rear-wheel drive and, if necessary, turn on / off front-wheel drive.
• full time 4wd- all four wheels are involved, handling is significantly improved, high cross-country ability in difficult places on the road. Modern cars are also equipped with such a function that calculates the possibility of slipping of the all-wheel drive and automatically turns off one of the drives.
• Automatic 4wd– automatic switching on/off of drives. If the vehicle is moving along a normal road, then only one drive works, in case of off-road or the possibility of slipping, the computer connects the second drive.
• selectable 4wd– this system combines several modes of operation of drives.

3.1. Positive sides:

• Very high throughput on any difficult areas roads, even on slippery roads;
• Excellent vehicle handling;

3.2. Negative sides:

• Since all 4 wheels are driven, fuel consumption is correspondingly greater;
• The repair of components and assemblies is expensive due to the complex design of the car;
• The cost of such cars is an order of magnitude higher than other types of cars;

Outcome:
So, all types of car drives were considered: rear, front and full. All their positive and negative sides. Each type of machine is characterized by individual features in its management. So, for example, in the case of a car skidding from a rear-wheel drive car, any novice driver can intuitively reset the gas pedal and the skid will stop, or you can control the skid, which cannot be said about a car with a front-wheel drive, it is more difficult to get away from skidding. Even the average driver can lose control. However, such vehicles are more stable on slippery roads.
Driving a car with all-wheel drive is slightly different from the previous two, as there are several and each has its own characteristics in management.

In conclusion, here are some tips for choosing the type of machine (mono or all-wheel drive):

• Front-wheel drive- for those who love high speed and adheres to the classics;
• Rear drive- for those for whom the price of buying a car and the price of its subsequent repair is in the first place;
• Four-wheel drive- for those who drive off-road and prefer big cars.

Types of car drive and their advantages

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What is the whole secret? And how to choose the right crossover with the necessary equipment? Let's try to answer these questions.

Reasoning logic when choosing the right equipment

The crossover in its build can be attributed to a light SUV. Everything is combined in one car consumer qualities car: from high ground clearance to all-wheel drive system. Using a large ground clearance, the crossover can easily drive onto the highest curbs, and using all-wheel drive system you can easily get out of the most difficult snowdrifts.

Each crossover has its own characteristics, some consumers choose high ground clearance, some drive, and someone has a spacious interior. How to make the right choice? Crossovers can be with a plug-in front or rear axle, or can go with permanent all-wheel drive. In order to navigate in such a system, it is necessary to consider what crossovers with permanent all-wheel drive are.

Chinese supplier GreatWall offered crossovers with all-wheel drive, among them are Chevrolet Niva in the price category 459,000-55,700 rubles and the Lada 4 × 4 crossover with a price of 354,000 rubles. These cars, regardless of the year of manufacture, are always very popular with consumers, with permanently connected all-wheel drive and the same distribution of wheel torque on all axles of the crossover.

All 4x4 crossovers require good driving skills and an understanding of how the vehicle works. All cars practically come with independent rear suspension MCPherson type. This feature is necessary in order to fully experience the properties of the car.

Usually, when a car enthusiast is going to buy a crossover, he pays attention to all-wheel drive crossovers with high ground clearance. In such cars, there is no differential lock and a decrease in transmission gears. This crossover is perfect for a comfortable ride in winter time, and for roads in the warm season, he will delight with his smooth ride. High ground clearance does not affect price category car, because basically everyone pays attention to the compactness of the model and its dynamism. Basically, these crossovers are not found off-road, but on a regular highway, which also excludes the choice of a crossover with high ground clearance.

The list of the most popular crossovers with high ground clearance includes: Opel Moka (with a ground clearance of 19cm), Chevrolet tracker(with a clearance of 15.9cm) - we learned about it in some detail from, Nissan Juke Nismo (with a clearance of 18cm), Toyota RAV4 (with a clearance of 19.7cm), Infiniti JX (with a clearance of 18.7cm), Subaru Forester(with a clearance of 21.5 cm), Volvo XC60 (with a clearance of 23 cm) and Range Rover E-Voque (with a clearance of 21.5 cm). Crossover Range Rover E-Voque is considered the best crossover in its class.

Crossovers can hardly be called real SUVs, since SUVs have a ground clearance of 30 cm, but they have fewer opportunities than crossovers. Depending on the configuration of the car, their ground clearance will change. Basically, if the model belongs to microcrossovers ( Chevrolet model Tracker), then the clearance will be smaller here. Microcrossovers thanks to their compact configuration often referred to as cars of the sedan type. main reason which distinguishes crossovers from SUVs is comfortable ride first in urban areas and light off-road.

Crossovers with plug-in all-wheel drive

If the drive is connected through a clutch, in this case the units are called crossovers with all-wheel drive. That is, the clutch connects the second axle, depending on how the wheels scroll from the non-connected axle. This type of drive can rightly be attributed to the intellectual type. Usually the second axle is automatically connected depending on the type of road: road / off-road. If you use all-wheel drive on an uncharacteristic road, you can damage the mechanisms in the car.

Therefore, the question "Does the crossover need all-wheel drive?" can be answered in this way: “Needed if transport deals with constant off-road, and constant difficult situations on the road, bad weather conditions, snowdrifts and dirt. If the crossover is spent most of the time on the road, it is better to use a single-wheel drive car, most often with a rear axle. The ideal option would be to buy a crossover car with plug-in all-wheel drive.

Among rear wheel drive vehicles with front-wheel drive, we can distinguish such popular crossovers: Suzuki Jimny in the amount of 746,000 rubles, UAZ Patriot And UAZ Hunter in the amount of 529,000 rubles and 454,000 rubles. Also crossovers HoverM2, HoverH3, HoverH5, HoverH6 from 549,000 rubles to 749,000 rubles.

A striking example of front-wheel drive crossovers with rear-wheel drive connected using a clutch is: Renault Duster in the amount of 541,000 rubles, Chery Tiggo in the amount of 619,000 rubles and Suzuki SX4 Classic in the amount of 729,000 rubles.

Excluding all-wheel drive for SUVs, there are single-wheel drive vehicles, mostly front-wheel drive, called crossovers for use in urban areas. These crossovers have a much lower price than all-wheel drive relatives. Front-wheel drive crossovers will perform better off-road than rear-wheel drive ones. The drive axle of such cars is always under load, as the engine constantly weighs on top, making better grip with pavement. By rotating the wheels with the steering wheel, you can easily maneuver in any situation on the road.

Pricing for crossovers

Usually front-wheel drive crossovers are obtained from a simplified version of the all-wheel drive unit. To get acquainted with the prices of such a control system, it is proposed to view the front-wheel drive crossovers review:

• Suzuki SX4 New cost 779,000 - 1,019,000 rubles;
• Nissan Qashqai cost 789,000 - 1,096,000 rubles;
• Nissan Qashqai +2 cost 844000-1049500 rubles;
• Citoren C4 Aircross cost 849,000 - 1,124,000 rubles;
• Kia sportage cost 889,900 - 1,049,900 rubles;
• Hyundai ix35 cost 899000 - 1,144,900 rubles;
• Mitsubishi Outlander cost 969,000 - 1,249,990 rubles;
• Peugeot 4007 cost 989,000 - 1,074,000 rubles.

Basically, the price of cars depends on whether the equipment will be with all-wheel drive or not, what ground clearance is installed in the crossover, what type of McPherson type front and rear suspension (mostly semi-independent), what kind of rear and front axle brakes. As a rule, in front-wheel drive crossovers, the ground clearance is at least 175 mm, wheelbase 2.5-2.6 m. They can easily pass the curb and pits on the primer, which makes them an indispensable choice for Russians.

Front-wheel drive crossovers have the guts of a small or medium power gasoline engine. Crossovers come with one engine, only some models use two options at once. Some models of front-wheel drive crossovers such as Kia Soul come with diesel engine, only price policy goes beyond budget cars.

Due to the fact that the car is equipped with a single drive, it consumes 2-3 times less fuel than an all-wheel drive crossover. Most crossovers come with a manual transmission, automatic transmission gear shifting is not included in the category of 750,000 rubles. Mostly in Europe, on the contrary, they choose mechanical box gears, as it consumes less fuel.

Thus, the more complete sets are installed in the crossover, the more expensive it is. Optionally, when purchasing a front-wheel drive crossover, you can constantly supply it with new parts and install new packages, thereby the price will not be so expensive when buying. Do you need all-wheel drive? The question is serious, it all depends on the real need or the great desire of the driver. Before buying a car, evaluate the pros and cons of buying the right drive.

In that detailed test drive new Great wall hover The H6 has been rightfully called “thoroughbred” for its all-wheel drive:

Four-wheel drive: features, pros and cons of designs

A person began to use a vehicle with all-wheel drive long before the appearance of a car - it was a horse. Big ground clearance, intelligent system all-wheel drive - all this was ingeniously implemented by nature. In order to repeat this in technology, a person needed a lot of effort, means, and most importantly, time. However, these years were not wasted. Consider the features existing types all-wheel drive cars, as well as their pros and cons.

text: Oleg Slavin / 03/29/2017

A LITTLE HISTORY

The first vehicle with all-wheel drive appeared almost two hundred years ago. English engineers Timothy Burstall and John Hill built an omnibus in 1824 with all four wheels turning at the same time. Another 59 years passed before the already American engineer Emmet Bandelier patented his all-wheel drive system. In his vehicle, some kind of differential distributed thrust from steam engine between the front and rear axle. And only in 1903 the first all-wheel drive car appeared. They became the Spyker 60 HP, created by the Dutch for racing: the car was equipped with as many as three differentials.

Consider the types of all-wheel drive and its differences.

PLUG-IN ALL-WHEEL DRIVE (PART-TIME)

Today it is the cheapest, but at the same time requiring a thoughtful approach to use, the type of drive. Its principle of operation is simple and consists in the rigid connection of the front axle. It is the absence of a differential between the axles that makes this type of drive simple, because the bridge is connected by means of a simple mechanical clutch. As a result, the engagement is rigid, and the distribution of torque between the axles is the same. It is this same distribution of torque that imposes certain restrictions on the use of this type of all-wheel drive system on asphalt. The first thing you will feel if you decide to use such an all-wheel drive on paved roads is a decrease in handling. It will become noticeably worse to pass turns due to the lack of difference in the length of the path of the bridges. The second point that awaits those who neglect the warnings in the instructions for using the all-wheel drive, and such cars definitely have them, is the increased load on the transmission and, as a result, its quick failure. And the third point is increased tire wear. In this regard, it is possible to turn on such a drive on vehicles that do not have a center differential only on off-road, where the absence of a differential is compensated by the possibility of wheel slippage. Despite the archaic design, there are plenty of cars with such an implementation of all-wheel drive. Typically, this is either military equipment, or inveterate SUVs, such as UAZ, Toyota Land Cruiser 70, Nissan Patrol, Suzuki Jimny, Ford Ranger pickups, Nissan Navara, Mazda BT-50, Nissan NP300. Being exclusively rear-wheel drive vehicles on asphalt, they can still afford to connect the front axle on off-road and thereby significantly increase cross-country ability. In general, cheap and cheerful.

AUTOMATICALLY CONNECTED ALL-WHEEL DRIVE (TORQUE-ON-DEMAND)

This kind of all-wheel drive system has actually become the next stage of evolution. Just like in Part-Time, the second bridge is connected here on demand, but this time the driver's desire is the requirement (to do this, just press the appropriate button in the car), or it happens automatically. The connection of the second axle is carried out in case of slippage of the wheels of the main drive axle. As a rule, with such a scheme, the front axle is the main drive axle. It was possible to implement such a design due to the center clutch. That is, in this design there is no differential, as before, however, hydraulic or electromagnetic clutch allows slippage of the axles, and this improves the handling of the car in all-wheel drive mode. This system also has one very big disadvantage- Coupling overheating. The fact is that all clutches, whether hydraulic or electromagnetic, provide axle slippage due to friction, which generates heat. This very heat often causes overheating of the coupling and, as a result, the cessation of torque transmission in the best case, and in the worst case, its complete failure. Better resist overheating electro-hydraulic clutches, which are successfully used on their crossovers Nissan. However, they are also characterized by overheating, in connection with which hard off-road conditions are, of course, contraindicated for such crossovers. And the electro-hydraulic clutch, unlike the hydraulic one, is able to close or open on command from the control unit or at the request of the driver using the very button mentioned above. That is, by blocking the clutch in advance, a difficult section of the road can be overcome much more comfortably, but you need to remember that turning on a hard block on asphalt on such cars is also not welcome. Not without reason, to protect against a fool, most systems provide for automatic unlocking in case of exceeding the speed defined as safe for this mode of movement. There are quite a lot of cars using this type of all-wheel drive in their off-road arsenal. As a rule, these are light SUVs such as Renault Duster, Nissan Terrano, Mitsubishi Outlander, Toyota RAV4, Kia Sportage etc.

PERMANENT ALL-WHEEL DRIVE (FULL-TIME)

This is one of the most advanced and at the same time the most expensive species all-wheel drive vehicles. Like permanent drive due to the presence of that very center differential, as well as interwheel ones, it’s quite expensive pleasure, both in terms of production and in terms of operation and maintenance. In addition, this type of drive, in addition to the center differential, must also have a mechanism for blocking it. For what? It is enough to recall the principle of operation of the differential, as it becomes clear that if at least one wheel starts to slip, then all the torque will immediately begin to be transferred to it, and why then was it worth fencing the garden? On the other hand, if you provide the possibility of blocking both the inter-axle and inter-axle differentials, then the car's cross-country ability increases many times over. As a rule, such four-wheel drive control schemes can only be accessed on expensive SUVs. For example, a phased locking of all differentials is available on a very expensive Mercedes-Benz Gelendewagen.

Found a permanent all-wheel drive and its application on road cars. In particular, most manufacturers use them as an expensive option that provides the machine with exceptional stability and excellent dynamic characteristics. However, it should be understood that no one has repealed the laws of physics, and no matter how stable an all-wheel drive car is on straight lines and in turns, common sense should not be neglected. Yes, and the control methods of such machines are somewhat different from those used on front- or rear-wheel drive models. To somewhat offset this feature, most manufacturers deliberately distribute the torque along the axes not equally, but in proportion. For example, most Mercedes-Benz with the 4Motion badge have a 30/70 torque distribution to give the car a classic rear-wheel drive character. There are options for all-wheel drive, which are sharpened exclusively for handling. So, the Honda SH-AWD (SH - Super Handling) permanent all-wheel drive system can distribute torque not only between the front and rear axles but also between left and right rear wheels. That is, in a turn, up to 70% of the moment can be transferred to the outer rear wheel, which literally pushes the car into a turn.

Hybrid all wheel drive

The name of this type of all-wheel drive speaks for itself. Here, for traction on all wheels, two different engines. As a rule, the engine drives the front axle. internal combustion, and the electric motor provides the rear axle with torque. Such a system is quite simple in terms of implementation, because it does not require any center differential, nor the cardan shaft. However, as practice has shown, this type of drive is still more suitable for road cars, not SUVs. In extreme cases, such a drive can be implemented on a crossover that is not designed for constant war with off-road. Which, in fact, is practiced by manufacturers. Suffice it to recall Lexus RX450h, Toyota RAV4h, Peugeot 508 RXh. Electric motors mounted on the rear axle can improve vehicle handling, increase the efficiency of the main engines and only slightly improve cross-country ability. Which, in principle, is quite enough to get out of a snowdrift or overcome an insignificant obstacle.