According to statistics, about 80-85% of all road traffic accidents occur in cars. That is why automakers, when developing a car design, pay maximum attention to its safety - after all, the safety of a single car directly depends on and general security traffic on the roads. It is necessary to provide for the whole range of potentially dangerous situations that a car can theoretically get into, and they depend on many different factors.
Modern ones provide for both active and passive vehicle safety and include a number of devices: car airbags, anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control and anti-skid systems, and many other means. The reliability of the car design will help the driver not get into trouble and protect his life and the lives of passengers in the difficult conditions of modern roads.
Active and passive vehicle safety
In general, vehicle safety is divided into active and passive. What do these terms mean? Active safety includes all those properties of the car design, with the help of which it prevents and / or reduces itself. Thanks to these properties, the driver can change - in other words, the car will not become uncontrollable in emergency.
The rational design of the machine is the key to its active safety. Here, the so-called "anatomical" seats, which repeat the shape of the human body, the heating of the windshield and rear-view mirrors to prevent them from freezing, windshield wipers on the headlights, and sun visors play an important role here. In addition, active safety is facilitated by various modern systems- anti-lock, controlling the speed of the car as a whole and the operation of its individual mechanisms, signaling malfunctions, etc.
By the way, body color is also of great importance for the active safety of the car. The safest in this regard are the shades of the warm spectrum - yellow, orange, red - as well as white body color.
Increasing the visibility of the car at night is also achieved in other ways - for example, special reflective paint is applied to license plates and bumpers. Also, in order to increase active safety, a well-thought-out arrangement of devices on the dashboard And quality review With driver's seat. It should be remembered that, according to road statistics, in case of accidents, steering, doors, windshield and dashboard.
In the event that an accident does occur, the leading role in the situation passes to the methods passive safety.
The concept of passive safety includes such features of the vehicle design that help to reduce the severity of an accident if one occurs. Passive safety manifests itself when the driver is still unable to change the nature of the movement of the car to prevent an accident, despite the active safety measures taken.
Passive safety, like active safety, depends on many design nuances. This includes, for example, the bumper device, the presence of arches, belts and airbags, the level of cabin rigidity and other conditions.
The front and rear of the vehicle are generally less robust than the middle - this is also done for passive safety reasons. The middle part, where people are placed, is usually protected by a more rigid frame, while the front and rear cushion the impact and thereby reduce the inertial load. For the same reasons, cross members and spars are usually weakened - they are made of brittle metals that collapse or deform upon impact, taking on its main energy and thus softening it.
By the way, it is precisely to increase the indicators of passive safety that the engine of the car is usually mounted on a linkage suspension - this design serves to avoid moving the engine into the passenger compartment upon impact. Thanks to the suspension, the motor falls down, under the floor of the body.
Rigid steering wheel also poses a danger to the driver, especially in a head-on collision. That is why the steering hubs are made of large diameter and covered with a special elastic shell - soft pads and bellows partially absorb the impact energy.
Seat belts remain one of the most effective and uncomplicated safety features at a low cost. The installation of these belts is mandatory in accordance with the laws of many countries (including Russian Federation). Equally widespread are airbags - another simple tool that is designed to limit the sudden movement of people in the cabin at the time of impact. The airbags of the car only work directly upon impact, protecting people's heads and upper parts of the body from damage. The disadvantages of airbags include enough loud noise in the process of filling them with gas - this noise can even damage the eardrums. In addition, airbags do not adequately protect people in a rollover or side impact. That is why the search for ways to improve them is constantly ongoing - for example, experiments are being made to replace airbags with so-called safety nets (which should also limit the sudden movement of a person in the cabin during an accident) - and other similar means.
As another simple and effective anti-traumatic means in case of an accident, one can also name a reliable seat fastening - ideally, it should withstand multiple overloads (up to 20g).
In a rear collision, the passenger's neck is protected from serious injury by the seat head restraints. In the event of an accident, the driver's legs are protected from damage by a safety pedal assembly - in such an assembly, in the event of a collision, the pedals are separated from their mounts, softening the hard blow.
In addition to the above precautions, modern cars are equipped with safety glass, which, when broken, crumbles into non-sharp fragments and triplex.
The overall passive safety of the vehicle also depends on the size of the car and the integrity of its frame. during a collision, they should not change their shape - the impact energy is absorbed by other parts. To test all these properties, before going into production, each car is subjected to special checks called crash tests.
So, the passive safety system of the car in its complete set significantly increases the possibility of survival for the driver and passengers in the event of an accident and helps them avoid serious injuries.
Modern active safety systems
The development of the auto industry has recently given motorists many new systems that significantly increase useful qualities active vehicle safety.
Particularly common in this list is the ABS system - anti-lock braking system. It helps to prevent accidental locking of the wheels and thus to avoid loss of control of the machine, as well as its slipping. Thanks to the ABS system, the braking distance is significantly reduced, which allows you to maintain control over the movement of the machine when emergency braking. In other words, in the presence of ABS, the driver has the opportunity to perform the necessary maneuvers in the process of braking. The electronic unit of the anti-lock braking system through the hydraulic modulator acts on the braking system of the machine, based on the analysis of signals from the wheel rotation sensors.
Most often, thanks to intensive braking, the driver can prevent an accident - therefore, any car needs a properly functioning braking system in general, and ABS in particular. The machine must effectively slow down in all situations, thereby reducing the risk of danger to the driver, passengers in the cabin, bystanders and other vehicles.
Of course, the active safety of the vehicle is significantly increased if it is equipped with ABS. By the way, in addition to cars themselves, this system is also equipped with trailers, motorcycles and even wheeled chassis of aircraft! ABS latest generations often also equipped with traction control, electronic stability control and an auxiliary system for emergency braking.
APS, Anti-Slip Control (ASR, Antriebs-Schlupf-Regelung), also called traction control, serves to eliminate dangerous loss of traction by controlling the slip of the machine's drive wheels. Particularly appreciate beneficial features APS is possible when driving on slippery and / or wet roads, as well as in other conditions where there is insufficient grip. The traction control system is directly connected to the ABS, due to which it receives all the necessary information about the speed of rotation of the driving and driven wheels of the car.
SKU, the system of exchange rate stability, also called electronic stability control, also belongs to the active safety systems of the car. Her work helps prevent the car from skidding. This effect is achieved due to the fact that the computer controls the torque of the wheel (or several wheels). The stability control system is used to stabilize the movement of the vehicle in the most dangerous situations - for example, when the likelihood of losing control of the car becomes dangerously high, or even when control has already been lost. That is why electronic control Sustainability is considered one of the most effective mechanisms for active vehicle safety.
RTS, the electronic brake force distribution is also a logical complement to the ABS system. This system distributes the braking forces between the wheels so that the driver is able to control the vehicle at all times, and not just during emergency braking. The RTS helps to maintain the stability of the car when braking by equally distributing the braking force between all its wheels, analyzing their position and dosing the braking force in the most effective way. In addition, the brake force distributor significantly reduces the risk of skidding or skidding during braking - especially when cornering and on mixed road surfaces.
EBD, electronic differential lock, is also associated with ABS system and plays an important role in ensuring the active safety of the car as a whole. As you know, the differential transmits torque from the gearbox to the drive wheels and works correctly if these wheels are firmly attached to the road. However, there are situations when one of the wheels may be on ice or in the air - then it will rotate, and the other wheel, standing firmly on the surface, will lose its rotational force. That's when the EBD is connected, thanks to the work by which the differential is blocked, and the torque is transmitted to all its consumers, incl. and fixed drive wheel. That is, the electronic differential lock slows down the slipping wheel until its rotational speed is equal to the non-spinning one. The EBD especially affects the safety of the car during sudden acceleration and uphill movement. It also significantly increases the level of trouble-free movement in difficult weather conditions and even when driving. in reverse. However, it should be remembered that the EBD does not work when cornering.
APS, acoustic parking system, refers to auxiliary active safety systems of the vehicle. It is also known by such names as parking sensors, acoustic parking system, PDC (Parking distance control), ultrasonic parking sensor ... There are many terms for defining APS, but this device serves one main purpose - to control the distance between the car and obstacles during parking. With the help of ultrasonic sensors, the parking sensors are able to measure the distance from the car to nearby objects. As these objects approach the vehicle, the nature of the acoustic signals of the APS changes, and the display shows information about the distance remaining to the obstacle.
ACC, adaptive cruise control, is a device that also belongs to the auxiliary active safety systems of the car. Thanks to the operation of the cruise control, supported constant speed cars. In this case, the speed is automatically reduced in case of an increase, and, accordingly, increases in case of a decrease.
By the way, the well-known parking hand brake(colloquially - a handbrake) is also one of the auxiliary devices for the active safety of the vehicle. The good old handbrake keeps the car stationary relative to the support surface, holding it on slopes and helping to slow down in parking lots.
Hill-descent assistance systems, in turn, also significantly increase the vehicle's active safety performance.
Progress for life
Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to completely avoid road traffic accidents. However, every year hundreds and thousands of cars leave the assembly lines, more and more advanced in terms of active and passive safety. New generations of machines, in comparison with the previous ones, are equipped with much more advanced safety systems, which can significantly reduce the risk of an accident and minimize its consequences in cases where an accident cannot be avoided.
Video - active safety systems
Video - passive car safety
Conclusion!
Undoubtedly, the most important determining factor in the active and passive safety of a car is the reliability of all its vital important systems, . The most serious requirements are placed on the reliability of those elements of the machine that allow it to carry out various maneuvers. Such devices include brake and steering systems, transmission, suspension, engine, etc. In order to increase the reliability of all systems of modern cars, every year more and more new technologies are used, materials that have not been used before are used, and the design of cars of all brands is being improved.
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The first steps towards car safety.
As the automotive industry develops, automotive safety paid more and more attention. At first, the car got bright acetylene headlights and a primitive brake system (shoe). This braking system was not suitable for rubber tires, so the cars soon began to install first band brakes, and then drum brakes (which worked only on the rear wheels). Only since 1910 does a brake system appear on all four wheels.
As power increases automotive engines, various automotive devices and systems that help and facilitate driving a car, as well as eliminating many dangerous situations on the road. We are talking about wipers, rear-view mirrors, fog lights, which first appeared on the 1938 Cadillac model. Buick cars got their first turn signals in 1939. In 1944, Volvo engineers developed a laminated windshield that could withstand violent impacts and not shatter into pieces.
After the introduction of hydraulic as well as electrical systems many automakers have begun to actively use new security systems. For example, in 1921, cars began to be equipped with hydraulic brakes, and in 1923, a brake booster appeared on Renault models. The dual-circuit brake system was first used on Volvo cars in 1966.
Designed by John Boydle Dunlop inflatable tires made of rubber significantly increased the comfort of travel by car. The salon became more comfortable, and the car itself began to demonstrate a smoother and more reliable ride, handling has increased markedly. In 1904, thanks to the efforts of Continental, embossed tires appeared, and 42 years later, Michelin began producing tires with a radial cord arrangement. This version of tires is actively used today.
Passive safety systems.
The development of automotive safety systems is impossible without the improvement of passive safety, the main task of which is to protect passengers from possible injuries. Without direct experimentation, there will be very little progress in this area. Therefore, starting in the mid-twentieth century, automakers began to crash-test their cars. Around the same years, the first seat belts appeared, which were equipped with Ford interiors. An interesting fact is that the first patent for an automobile belt was issued back in 1885 to the American Edward Claghorn, who invented the two-point seat belt. More advanced (three-point) seat belts began to be equipped with Volvo cars in 1956. A little later, the seat belts were improved by making them "movable", which increased the level of safety and comfort of passengers. Pretensioners for seat belts began to be installed only in 1984.
Work on the design of the car cabin can also be attributed to the improvement of the passive safety system. To reduce damage resulting from frontal collision, designers began to use strong and at the same time elastic grades of steel in the manufacture of the body. Steering columns of a new type, developed by Mercedes in 1966, did not cause severe damage to the driver at the time of the accident. In 1971, Saab cars began to install new energy-absorbing windshields, and in 1977 the doors of the "Saab 99" model were reinforced with protective side beams. To protect the neck and head of passengers, since 1968, special head restraints have appeared in the interiors of Volvo cars, which were further improved only in 1995. In this form, they can be seen on the car "Saab 9-5".
Despite everything, the main element of the passive safety system is still airbags, or, as they are also commonly called, airbags. For the first time such systems were introduced in 1973 by the company " General Motors", their main purpose is to protect passengers from injury at the time of the accident. A slightly updated protection system was introduced by the Audi concern in 1986. It was called "Procon-ten". In the event of a collision, both airbags and belt tensioners were activated at the same time, which guaranteed better protection from injury and damage. Further development of airbags has led to the appearance of curtain airbags, an airbag to protect the knees and side airbags in the car interior.
Since the mid-70s, special attention has been paid to the safety of children in transport. In 1978, a law was passed in America requiring drivers to transport children in a car in specialized seats. To the approval of a single standard child car seat came only in 1995.
Since 2005, global security organizations road safety demanded that automakers pay more attention to the protection of pedestrians. In order to reduce the damage that a car can cause to a pedestrian, the design of the front of the car began to be made more vertical, new sensors and sensors were added. An example of such a machine is Honda legend", equipped with a pop-up hood with squibs to protect pedestrians at the time of a collision. In addition, the Honda is equipped with infrared sensors that distinguish people on the road even in poor visibility conditions.
The main functionality of active safety systems.
The concept of active automotive safety refers to the use of a variety of different systems and technologies aimed (mainly) at accident prevention. By influencing the brakes, suspension and steering, it is possible to save the car from a collision on the road. A technological breakthrough in active safety was the development of the ABS (Anti-lock Braking System). The first versions of this system were presented in the early 70s, but this technology was widely adopted only in the 80s. The first car on which it was installed ABS system, became the model "Mercedes-Benz 450 SEL".
It is difficult to overestimate the effectiveness of the anti-lock braking system. ABS prevents the car's wheels from locking during braking, so that the driver in an emergency does not lose control of the car and "keeps" it on the road. Currently, the ABS system is used on both foreign and domestic cars.
In the early 1990s, Bosch introduced the Electronic Stability Program (ESP). First this system installed on the "Mercedes S600". Currently, this system is equipped with all cars that pass the crash tests of the EuroNCAP series. The ESP system monitors the acceleration of the car and monitors the rotation of the steering wheel, also controls the operation of the transmission and engine, prevents the car from skidding and keeps it on a safe trajectory, thereby complementing the ABS.
Another component active system safety are automobile tires, the main task of which is to provide not only high levels of comfort and patency, but also reliable grip in any weather. A certain success in the development of tire products can be considered the start of production in 1972 of winter tires "ContiContact", which began to be produced by the company "Continental". The materials used in the manufacture of such rubber were adapted to low temperatures, and the tread provided optimal grip on icy and snowy roads.
Prospects for "rubber" cars.
At the present stage of development of automotive security systems, the moment has come when many global car manufacturers are collaborating on the creation of new technologies in this area. GPS technologies are actively used, thanks to which it is possible to exchange information between cars: the situation on the road, speed and trajectory.
Developments are underway to improve airbags. Honda's new i-SRS technology allows the airbag to deploy in stages. Thanks to this, it actually becomes "safe", since it does not injure passengers at the time of its operation.
The developments of Toyota Motors can be attributed to the most progressive security systems. Their system, located in the passenger compartment, monitors the condition of the driver. If she notices any deviations: the driver is distracted, became inattentive, or even began to fall asleep at the wheel, then a warning system is triggered that wakes the driver up.
The possibilities of the cars of the future are truly amazing. According to concept cars Japanese company"Honda", the body of the futuristic car "Puyo" is made of silicone-based materials. Even when hitting a pedestrian, the injury will be minimal, because the car body is soft.
One way or another, you need to worry not only about the lives of pedestrians, passengers or the driver. The car itself is also at great risk. If he is not insured, then this is a big omission. Fortunately, car insurance is now easier than ever, because there are convenient services like OnlineOSAGO. On this resource, you can quickly find the most profitable, affordable and simple insurance option for yourself.
An article about the latest automotive safety technologies. Descriptions of high-tech systems. At the end of the article - video 10 steps to car safety.
The content of the article:
Automakers, developing each new model pay attention not only original design and engine power, but also a high level of safety for the car owner. Every year, more than a million people die in road crashes and another half a million are seriously injured. Therefore, to automotive designers and engineers are subject to more and more requirements regarding the safety of the created vehicles. Each one goes through countless tests before being released for sale.
What are the most important technologies that keep a car, its driver and passengers safe?
Automotive Safety Technology Ranking
1. Three-point seat belts
The car may be equipped with airbags around the perimeter, have ABS and a traction control system, but at the head of everything there are still seat belts, without which any cutting-edge safety system will be useless.
Revealed them to the world Volvo company nearly 60 years ago, thus revolutionizing automotive world. From the very first days of operation, such belts have halved the death rate on the roads, while at the same time increasing the number of drivers buckled up. Even more enthusiasm was caused by the appearance in the 70s inertial belts, which eliminated the need to adjust their length each time.
The modern design of the belt allows you to fix the tape, preventing it from unwinding. Thus, in the event of an accident, vehicle roll, rollover or hard braking the blocked tape will keep the body of the driver and his passenger in place.
Of course, it also has drawbacks, which include a delay in operation. For example, during an accident, when everything happens in a matter of seconds, slow response can become critical. And in cold seasons, due to the presence of voluminous clothing on a person, too much space is formed between the body and the belt, which in an accident can lead to a passenger flying out of the car.
2. Airbags
Hearing stories of accidental deployment of airbags that injure the driver and his passenger, most motorists are very skeptical about them. But statistics show that after seat belts, airbags are the second most important technology to save the life of a motorist.
The first airbag was equipped with Ford in 1971 as an alternative to seat belts. Motorists did not immediately accept the innovation, there were even several fatal cases when drivers got a heart attack from a loud bang and a rapid ejection of a pillow.
The design of the pillow is quite simple: a thin nylon bag with several chambers is packed into a small capsule. The control unit receives data from numerous sensors installed in the car and gives a signal to the airbag to open in case of danger.
Pillows are placed as standard in the steering wheel housing for the driver and in the dashboard for the passenger. Side airbags can hide in or above the door, in the seat backs or in the pillars. There are also some combined options, when a curtain protecting the head falls out of the slot above the door, and a pillow flying out of the chair protects the chest, stomach and pelvis.
Although statistics is a very conditional science, its figures pleasantly caress the eye - the risk of death from an accident is reduced by 11%, and side airbags saved the lives of 1800 people in 2 years.
3. Anti-lock braking system (ABS)
Originally designed for aviation, ABS has taken root in automotive industry. Even if the car has powerful, high-quality brakes, the driver may find himself on a slippery or wet road, where elementary can not cope with the management.
Principle ABS work lies in the fact that the control unit continuously monitors the speed sensors and, in the event of an abnormally sharp decrease in speed, prevents the wheels from locking. This allows you to shorten the braking distance and keep the car on the road.
In this way, the system improves braking performance, especially on slippery roads. Some drivers question the ability of ABS to avoid accidents, because someone with emergency braking can still panic and fly into a ditch. And someone, having felt the pulsation of the brake pedal from the ABS, immediately releases it and loses control in the same way.
However, since 2012, the system has been installed on 85% of all cars, which, as world practice shows, are much less likely to be involved in an accident.
4. Foldable steering column
The design of the steering column consists of a shaft enclosed in durable plastic with articulated joints. Now, energy-absorbing materials are actively used for its device, which allow the column to fold from a frontal impact of a certain power, thereby saving the driver's ribs.
The practice of using such a column came from the United States, where automotive manufacturers legally obliged to equip machines with this passive system security.
After the tragic case of Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna in Formula 1 racing, where he would have survived the collision if his car was equipped with a folding column, the race management forced every team to equip cars with this technology.
5. Anti-slip system
And again, the Americans became pioneers, creating to help ABS also traction control system. IN automatic mode it controls the position of the wheels, reducing engine speed in a timely manner to prevent slippage. By and large, this is a continuation of ABS, acting on its own basis.
Working in tandem, these two systems improve vehicle safety when cornering, in wet or slippery road, provide better handling on poor traction surfaces.
6. Warning system
Developed by the automaker Volvo system guarantees automatic braking vehicle in a situation where a collision with an object ahead becomes unavoidable.
Its meaning is that if the driver for some reason does not slow down in a timely manner, approaching the driver or parked car, the system automatically activates the brakes. Such a measure will not eliminate the accident itself, but will reduce the level of damage to cars and people in them.
The camera and radar installed in the system compare the received data and calculate the distance to dangerous object to start braking only in a really emergency.
7. Adaptive cruise control
This development helps the motorist maintain an appropriate distance from the car in front of him. The built-in radar continuously measures the distance to neighboring cars, transfers its calculations to the system so that it regulates the speed in any traffic flow.
Turning on the system, the driver himself sets desired speed and the time interval in which the radar should update the information. When changing the speed limit of the vehicle in front, the ACC automatically slows down in the same way.
8. Distance alert
The system was developed as an alternative to the above, also aimed at preserving safe distance between cars. It does not automatically adjust the speed, only feeding warning signal to the motorist that the distance is dangerously shortening and it is time to take action.
The efficiency of the system directly depends on the quality road markings And weather conditions, which is a significant drawback, since a poorly distinguishable dividing line, snow or fog can completely disable it.
9. Vehicle design
The elements of passive safety include the very design of the cab, bumper and other parts. So, the front and rear parts of the car are made softer compared to the middle. This is necessary so that in the event of a collision, these parts soften the blow, reducing the inertial load, and a more rigid middle protects the driver and passengers.
Also, in order to increase safety, the car's engine is placed on a link suspension, which lowers it down, under the body. Then, if you get into an accident, the engine will not move into the passenger compartment and will not harm the people inside.
10. Parktronic
Without it electronic assistant hard to imagine any modern car. It will be especially useful for beginners behind the wheel, who still do not feel the dimensions of their car very well. The task of the system is to measure the distance from the car to the nearest objects and give a warning signal when this distance becomes dangerous.
No electronic system can completely secure a car. And for those drivers whose car is literally “stuffed” with all sorts of technologies, you still should not lose vigilance. But more and more advanced methods of passive and active safety save tens of thousands of lives every year, so you should not neglect them, relying only on your own. driving skills.
Video - 10 steps to machine safety:
What do these abbreviations stand for: DSC, HDS, EBA, etc.? Publish the transcript brief characteristics these vehicle systems aimed at ensuring safety and comfort.
The main electronic security systems of modern cars
AAR(Automatic Air Recirculation)
BMW system that automatically turns off air recirculation (intake) when harmful impurities are detected in it.
ABC(Active Body Control)
The active control system in Mercedes, serves to adjust the stiffness of the shock absorbers and the ride height.
ACD(Active Center Differential)
The center differential system in Mitsubishi vehicles has three modes: asphalt, gravel, snow.
ADB-X(Automatic Differential Brake)
Electronic system included in DSC. Slows down spinning wheels.
ASC+T(Automatic Stability Control + Traction)
The system of course stability, prevents the slippage of the driving wheels of the car.
ASR(Anti-Slip Regulation).
Analogues: ETS, ESR, TCS, STC, TSC, TRACS, TRC.
Anti-skid system.
In the event of slipping of the vehicle's wheels, the ASR system automatically reduces the engine speed and, if necessary, brakes the wheels that begin to slip. Can be part of the ESP system
ABS(Anti-Lock Brake System).
Anti-lock braking system (ABS).
Serves to prevent loss of traction of the wheels of the car with the road during heavy braking. Prevents the brakes from locking up when braking
AWC(ALL Wheel Control)
Used in all-wheel drive Mitsubishi cars, controls torque, braking, steering effort, and suspension stiffness.
AYC(Active Yaw Control)
Differential that redistributes torque between the right and left wheels to compensate for under/oversteer.
B.A., B.A.S.(Brake Assist)
In the event of emergency braking, it raises the pressure in the brake line.
CBC(Cornering Brake Control)
Regulates pressure individually in each brake cylinder so that the car can brake when cornering with maximum efficiency. The system was developed by BMW engineers.
CBS(Condition Based Service)
Again, the development of the Bavarian automakers. Serves to diagnose BMW cars and writes data to a chip located in the key.
DAC(Downhill Assist Control)
Analogues: HDC, DDS
Controls speed when descending a mountain. As a rule, when moving forward no more than 5-7 km / h, in reverse - 3-5 km / h.
DBC(Dynamic Brake Control)
Analogues: BA, BAS
Helps with emergency braking, controls the pressure in the brake system.
DRC(Dynamic Ride Control) mechanical system that changes the characteristics of shock absorbers. Implemented by Audi engineers.
DSC(Dynamic Stability Control)
Analogues: ESP
In the event of a drift or skid, it slows down right wheels and controls the thrust of the engine.
DSG (Direct Shift gearbox)
Robotic gearbox with double clutch, shifts gears without breaking the power flow.
DSP(Dynamic Shift Program)
Allows the gearbox to adapt to the driver's driving style and external conditions.
DSTC((Dynamic Stability and Traction Control)
Analogs: ASC+T
Dynamic stabilization and traction control.
DTC(Dynamic Traction Control)
Program in DSC. Controls the torque on the drive wheels when starting the car and when changing gears.
EBA(Emergency Brake Assist).
Analogues: BA, BAS, PA, PABS.
Driver assistance system for emergency braking.
Manages pressure in hydraulic system car brakes. During emergency braking, it can independently increase the pressure in the brake line.
EBD(Electronic Braking Distribution)
The system of optimal distribution of braking force between the wheels of the car.
Distributes the braking force according to the number of passengers and vehicle load, making braking more efficient.
EDS
EDC(Electronic Damper Control)
EDL(Electronic Differential Lock)
Simulates a differential lock by braking one of the drive wheels.
EPB(Electronic Parking Brake)
An electronic system that simulates a mechanical hand brake. When you press the gas pedal, it turns off.
ESP(Electronic Stability Program).
Analogues: DSC, VDC, VSC, DSTC, ATTS, VSA.
System of exchange rate stability (system of stabilization of the movement).
Serves to stabilize the movement of the car. It is triggered when a dangerous situation arises, when a loss of vehicle control is possible or has already occurred. Reduces engine speed and brakes the desired wheels to align the vehicle on the desired trajectory.
EDS(Electronische Differential Spray)
Electronic differential lock system.
At speeds up to 40 km/h, EDS prevents one or both drive wheels from spinning when starting off, accelerating and driving uphill. When one of the drive wheels slips, the system locks the differential and redistributes more torque to the wheel with good grip with the road.
EDC(Electronic Damper Control)
Electronic shock absorber adjustment system.
The EDC system adapts the stiffness of the shock absorber to varying road and driving conditions. It also allows the driver to independently select the suspension stiffness mode.
FPS(Fire Prevention System)
In the event of a fire threat, it shuts off the fuel supply. Development of Alfa-Romeo.
HAC(Hill-start Assist Control)
Analogues: MSR
Eliminates slippage when driving uphill by braking the drive wheels.
HDC(Hill Descent Control)
Analogues: DAC
Traction control system for descending steep and slippery slopes.
When turned on, it automatically maintains the descent speed by braking the wheels and reducing engine speed. Fits all wheel drive vehicles.
HH(Hill holder)
Hill start assist system. After the driver has released the brake pedal, he keeps the car from rolling down with the brakes for 1.5 seconds.
MSR(Modulate System Regulation)
To adjust the torque on the wheels on steep slopes, to avoid slipping.
PDS(Park Distance Control)
Parktronic. Ultrasonic sensors measure the distance to the nearest obstacle and the system notifies the driver with voice, sound / light signals.
SRS / Air Bag(Supplemental Restraint System)
Auxiliary retention system.
Includes Air Bags and seat belt pretensioners. SRS is activated in frontal and side collisions.
TC(Traction Control)
Analogues: ASR
System to reduce wheel slip at start.
TDI(Tire Damage Indicator)
A system for monitoring the air pressure in car tires.
VDC(Vehicle Dynamic Control)
Controls the torque to stabilize the trajectory.
VSC(Vehicle Stability Control)
Analogues: DSC, ESP
When skidding, it restores tire grip with the road, slowing down the necessary wheels.
WIL(Whiplash Injury Lessening)
Rear impact protection system for driver and passengers. Developed by Toyota.
Of course, there are many different car security systems, each company develops something of its own. With the advent of new car models, more and more advanced security systems are being introduced and old ones are being improved. Increasing comfort. We will follow developments in this area.
If you have anything to add or clarify, please let us know.
Alexey Poltavsky, Autoclub78
