In recent years, Russia has become a major assembler of cars from the world's leading brands. Ford, General Motors, Hyundai, Toyota cars have been assembled and are being assembled in our country - the list, as they say, can be continued. And there was no lull in the market of manufacturers of commercial vehicles. Volvo Trucks became the most active player among truck assemblers. In June 2007, Volvo and the region's authorities entered into an investment agreement to build a plant on an area of 55 hectares "Kaluga-South". Investments in the project amounted to over 100 million euros. Against the background of the Swedes, MAN looks much more modest - almost 30 thousand m2. And what is now called the plant was, until recently, a warehouse complex belonging to the nearby auto giant GM. The Germans did not invest in the building by acquiring it, renting it. The term of the lease, alas, was not disclosed, and we hope that the budding enterprise will not suffer the fate of the previous exploiter of real estate. The St. Petersburg plant added to the already considerable empire of MAN, which in 2014 had about 38,500 employees worldwide. Germany has four production sites in Munich, Nuremberg, Salzgitter and Plauen. In addition to them, the company has factories in the cities of Steyr (Austria), Poznan, Starachowice and Krakow (Poland). In addition to Europe, MAN production facilities operate in Ankara, Pithampur (India) and in the cities of South Africa - Olifantsfontein and Pinetown. Cumulative sales in the commercial vehicle segment amounted to 11 billion euros and 120,000 trucks, buses and bus chassis from MAN, Volkswagen and Neoplan. MAN Truck & Bus, headquartered in Munich, achieved 16.4% and second place in the European market for trucks over 6 tonnes. In the bus segment, 10.8% of all new registrations in Europe were for MAN and Neoplan vehicles. This result puts MAN Truck & Bus in third place among the largest European manufacturers of buses over 8 tons. São Paulo-based subsidiary MAN Latin America, with a market share of 27%, has maintained its leading position in the 5t truck market for the eleventh year in a row.
For the first time, the plans of the German concern MAN to build a plant in St. Petersburg were discussed in 2011. By the next year, a production site was looked after in Shushary and the MAN plant began to work in a test mode. In St. Petersburg, the MAN plant is part of the network of production enterprises of the concern. Technical equipment meets the same standards. There is no significant difference between the production lines of the plant in Munich and St. Petersburg. Now the volume of production is such that up to 45 trucks are stored in disassembled form on its premises. These car kits come in boxes, mostly from Germany and Austria. There, in Salzgitter, brackets are prepared for shipment, engines in Nuremberg, cabins in Steyr, etc. A similar method of producing cars in Russia is used by many foreign manufacturers. The only large unit coming to the MAN plant and localized with us is the ZF gearbox. Recall that the joint venture between KAMAZ OJSC and Zahnrad Fabrik was established in January 2005. It produces 9- and 16-speed manual transmissions Ecomid (9S1310 TO) and Ecosplit (16S1820 TO). In 2016, it is planned to master the production of automated CP Ecomid Add-on. Today, the main consumer of the JV products is KAMAZ OJSC (more than 95%), in 2012 the production of transmissions for AZ URAL OJSC (9S1310 TO) and MAN in Russia (16S2520) started. In 2016, it is planned to manufacture gearboxes for MAZ OJSC (16S1820 TO and 9S1310 TO).
Inside the buildings
In fact, in terms of equipment, the plant can assemble the entire MAN line, for which only minor retrofitting would be required. But so far there are only a couple of models (TGS and TGM), and TGS dominates in various variations (2, 3, 4 axles) - both truck tractors and chassis. According to the internal routine, the parts that come to the factory are already assigned to a specific truck - this creates some problems if a spare part turns out to be damaged. It will not work to take a new one from the shelf, but you will have to order and wait with the next delivery, sometimes up to a month. The situation is similar with fixing small things (also supplied from Germany) - of course, it is not tied to a specific vehicle, but it comes with a tiny margin of 5%. This production process management, or MAN Production System, is nothing more than a slightly modified Toyota Production System. There, in order to minimize stocks of finished goods, the production system is mostly oriented towards production based on orders. That is why a "pull" system is used, in which subsequent processes refer to the previous ones in order to take the necessary products.
The production plan, which indicates the required car models, their quantity and production time, is sent to the final assembly line. The material transfer method then rotates 180 degrees. In order to obtain units for final assembly, the final assembly line refers to the assembly line of units with the strictly necessary name and number of units and their delivery dates. So the production process moves from the finished product stage to the raw material procurement department. Each link in the just-in-time process chain is connected and synchronized with the others.
According to this principle, trucks are assembled on two lines - frame manufacturing and final assembly, which consist of five and six stations (assembly sites), respectively, which is almost five times shorter than, for example, at a plant in Germany. The length of the line and, accordingly, the number of stations is directly proportional to the performance. The resource for the production of the plant in Shushary is only 6,000 trucks per year in two shifts. In terms of possible daily achievements, this is 15-16 trucks, but in reality, the plant now produces four trucks a day.
On the frame assembly line, a Russian vin number is applied to it, the last four digits of which have continuous numbering - and just a month ago, the thousandth copy came out of the gates of the enterprise. For ease of installation of brackets and other equipment, the frame is assembled with the axes up. The frame is connected to the crossbars with rivets with a riveting force of at least 30 tons. A bolted connection is easier to install, but more expensive to use. They don’t completely refuse bolts and nuts - they are used when a defective rivet is found. The nuts are tightened (and not only on the frame) - with calibrated impact wrenches with an undertightening error of 15%. After them, the connection is additionally checked with torque wrenches of the limiting type. Although wrenches are used with an accuracy of 2% for particularly critical parts (spring ladders and steering gear mounts), after tightening them, additional broaching is not required. Components and assemblies arriving at the plant may be painted or not have a protective coating. Despite this, the assembled chassis (without cabs, wheels and wiring) are additionally coated with a layer of water-based paint. According to MAN standards, the coating layer cannot be less than 90 microns. It is the painting booth, so to speak, that slows down the lines, the “tact time” of which is 27 minutes - it is impossible to paint the incoming chassis faster.
The applied coating dries at a temperature of 80 degrees Celsius in special drying chambers. According to MAN technology, different requirements for appearance are imposed on different parts of the chassis. The fact that in plain sight (for example, an underrun bar) brings shine and gloss, which will be envied by car bodies when issued to a client.
After painting, for three stations, pneumatic and electric “braids” are assembled, where the assemblers show their creative abilities, because there are drawings, but there is no clear tracing of their laying. Employees are guided by standards for length, bends, distance between clamps, etc.
MAN equips its TGS in various variations with Euro-5 engines using AdBlue. The installation of more environmentally friendly versions is not yet in the plans of the plant. Diesel engines are "married" with ZF boxes manufactured in Chelny. But if an automatic transmission is ordered, it will be brought from Germany. Cabins come from Austria in almost assembled form to the plant - they only install aeropacks, washer tanks and other small things. At the end of the assembly, a person with a computer connected to the car contacts the main plant in Germany to obtain permission and programs to fill in the control units of the truck's electronic systems.
MAN - German manufacturer of trucks (MEN, MAN)
MAN SE is a German engineering company specializing in the production of trucks, buses and engines. Founded in 1897, formerly known as Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG(Machine factory Augsburg-Nuremberg, AO). The headquarters is located in Munich.
Owners and management
The main shareholder of the company is the automotive concern Volkswagen Group (29.9%), the rest of the shares are in free float.
Activity
MAN SE has the following divisions:
- MAN Nutzfahrzeuge - a division engaged in the production of trucks of the brands MAN, ERF (Great Britain) and STAR (Poland), as well as Neoplan buses;
- MAN Diesel & Turbo SE - a combined division engaged in the production of marine and diesel engines (it is the third largest manufacturer of trucks in Europe) and the production of turbines of various capacities;
- MAN Ferrostaal AG - a division engaged in the development and construction of high-tech manufacturing enterprises;
- MAN Latin America.
The MAN concern cooperates with the large Spanish company CEPSA, which produces various types of lubricants and materials for it.
MAN in Russia
In Russia, the interests of the company are represented by MAN Automobiles Russia LLC, Lars Himmer (general director) has been appointed its head since July 1, 2010. By the summer of 2008, there were 40 dealer service stations in Russia, and by 2010 it was planned to increase their number to 50.
In the 4th quarter of 2008, the company achieved leadership in truck sales in Russia, overcoming the backlog from Scania and Volvo, and plans to maintain leadership in sales in 2008.
In April 2011, the construction of a truck assembly plant in Shushary (St. Petersburg) was announced. It is expected that the cost of building an enterprise with a capacity of 6,000 units per year will be 25 million euros, the products will be sold in the CIS countries.
The lineup (in preparation)
TGX
Truck tractors and classic "loners" with the maximum level of comfort for the driver, a payload of 15 to 70 tons (de facto) and engines from 360 to 680 hp.
TGS
Truck tractors, classic "loners", dump trucks and various construction equipment on the MAN chassis with a payload of 18 to 70 tons (de facto) and engines from 360 to 680 hp.
TGA
Until 2007, under this index, all versions that are now sold as TGX and TGS were sold.
TGM
Medium-duty trucks, including classic "loners" and dump trucks with a payload of 7 to 20 tons (de facto) and engines from 240 to 380 hp.
TGL
Small trucks for local urban transportation with a payload of 5 to 7 tons (de facto) and engines from 150 to 250 hp.
the article is based on the materials of the site: en.wikipedia.org as of publication date
Official website: www.man.eu
Headquarters: Germany
MAN trucks are modern, powerful and economical. The real German quality of MAN trucks is a reliable support for your business.
MAN AG (formerly called Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg AG German Machine Factory Augsburg-Nuremberg, AO) is a German concern, founded in 1897.
62% of the shares of MAN AG are owned by institutional investors.
1915 Beginning of truck production in Nuremberg
1923 First ready-to-run diesel engine for automobiles, 40 hp with direct fuel injection, Augsburg (German: Augsburg).
1924 The world's first mass-produced diesel truck with direct fuel injection.
1925 5 ton diesel truck with cardan drive.
1937 First diesel engine with a spherical combustion chamber developed for commercial vehicles.
1951 First German truck diesel engine with exhaust gas turbocharger.
1954 The first low-noise diesel engine for cars with a spherical combustion chamber.
1988 Low floor bus with non-polluting turbocharged diesel.
1989 Shuttle trucks M 90/F 90 "Silent".
1992 Started production of the SLW 2000 truck for city use, the 422 FRH "Lion's Star" tourist bus with a flat body floor and safe passenger space.
1993 New generation of trucks L2000 (carrying capacity from 6-10 tons).
1994 Presentation of a new range of heavy-duty trucks with a gross weight of 18 tons and above, with 2 "Euro" diesels. Truck L2000 for the transportation of goods with a combined drive (from internal combustion engines and batteries). Natural gas drive for trucks and buses. Diesel-electric drive located in the wheel hub for city buses. In the same year, the company was awarded the title of "Coach of the Year".
1995 Awarded the title "Truck of the Year" (as in 1987, 1980, 1977).
1996 Introduction to the market of a new medium range of trucks M 2000 with a total weight of 12-25 tons.
1997 Market introduction of a new generation of low-bed buses.
2000 World presentation of the new generation of trucks TG-A.
2001 TG-A "Truck of the Year" award. The appearance of a new product of the company - the tourist bus "Lion's Star".
2002 "Lion's Star" Tourist Coach Winner in Design ("reddot award: product design").
2003 The Lion's Star Tourist Bus won the Coach of the Year 2004 award.
2005 The presentation of the TGL series took place in Munich.
The MAN AG concern includes the MAN Nutzfahrzeuge division for the production of trucks, buses, marine and diesel engines (it is the third largest manufacturer of trucks in Europe).
In 2005, sales amounted to more than 68,200 trucks, about 6,000 buses. Revenue of MAN AG in 2005 - $17.57 billion, net profit - $10.4 billion.
MAN(read as Emaen) is a German engineering company specializing in the production of trucks, buses and engines. Founded in 1758, previously had the name Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG(Machine-building factory Augsburg-Nuremberg, AO). The headquarters is located in Munich.
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- 1915 - Start of truck production in Nuremberg
- 1927 - First ready-to-run diesel engine for automobiles, 40 hp with direct fuel injection, Augsburg
- 1927 - The world's first mass-produced diesel truck with direct fuel injection
- 1927 - Diesel truck with a payload capacity of 5 tons with a driveline
- 1927 - The first diesel engine with a spherical combustion chamber [ clarify] , designed for trucks.
- 1941 - On November 25, an order was issued for a 35-ton tank - the future Panther tank.
- 1942, end of the year - Serial production of Pz Kpfw V "Panther" began, lasted from January 1943 to April 1945 inclusive.
- 1951 - First German diesel engine for trucks with exhaust gas turbocharger
- 1954 - First quiet diesel engine for cars with a spherical combustion chamber
- 1958 - Start of production of MAN T4/MAN B4 trams at the DUEWAG plant
- 1962 - MAN took over Porsche Diesel Motorenbau
- 1976 - Production of MAN N8S-NF trams begins at DUEWAG
- 1986 - M.A.N. and "Gutehoffnungshütte Aktienverein" team up to create MAN AG
- 1986 - Klaus Goethe ( Dr. Klaus Gotte) appointed to the position of Chairman of the Board MAN Group. It was Goethe who created the highly effective organizational structure of the group, which is successfully operating at the present time.
- 1988 - low floor bus with non-polluting gas turbine supercharged diesel
- 1989 - route trucks M 90/F 90 "Silent"
- 1992 - SLW 2000 truck for city use
- 1992 - 422 FRH "Lion's Star" coach with a flat floor and a secure passenger area
- 1993 - New generation of trucks L2000 (capacity from 6-10 tons)
- 1994 - Presentation of a new range of heavy-duty trucks with a gross weight of 18 tons and above, with 2 Euro diesels. Truck L2000 for the transportation of goods with a combined drive (from internal combustion engines and batteries). Natural gas drive for trucks and buses. Diesel-electric drive located in the wheel hub for city buses.
- 1994 - awarding the title "Coach of the Year"
- 1995 - awarding the title "Truck of the Year" (as in 1987, 1980, 1977)
- 1996 - Introduction to the market of a new medium range of trucks M 2000 with a gross weight of 12-25 tons
- 1997 - introduction of a new generation of low-bed buses to the market
- 1997 - Rudolf Rupprecht ( Rudolf Rupprecht) was appointed Chairman of the Board of the Group, replacing Klaus Götte in this post. It is Rupprecht who owes the concern to the emergence of a new generation of trucks - "MAN Trucknology®"
- 2000 - World presentation of a new generation of TG-A trucks, awarded in 2001 the title "Truck of the Year"
- 2001 - The appearance of a new tourist bus "Lion's Star"
- 2002 - Tourist bus "Lion's Star" winner in the field of design ("reddot award: product design").
- 2003 - Lion's Star Coach Wins Coach of the Year 2004
- 2004 - In February, the D20 Common Rail engine premiered in Nuremberg.
- 2005 - Hakan Samuelsson ( Hakan Samuelsson) was appointed Chairman of the Board of the Group, replacing Rudolf Rupprecht in this post. Samuelsson focused on the global intensive promotion of the group's products and services
- 2005 - The presentation of the TGL series was held in Munich
- 2006 - Opening of the first own service station in Russia (St. Petersburg) on the basis of the existing service station of the MAN dealer Alga Avtomobili LLC
- 2007 - The first victory of a MAN truck in Rally Dakar (pilot - Dutchman Hans Stacey)
- 2008 - "Truck of the Year 2008" awarded to MAN TGX and MAN TGS trucks TGX series receives automatic transmission
- On August 29, 2009, a joint venture Uzbek-German LLC "MAN Auto-Uzbekistan" was established in the Republic of Uzbekistan. JSC UzAvtoSanoat - 51%, MAN Truck & Bus AG - 49%. The joint venture produces tractors and chassis of the CLA, TGS, TGX, TGM models, special equipment based on the chassis data.
Activity
MAN SE has the following divisions:
- MAN Truck & Bus AG is a division engaged in the production of trucks of the MAN brands (it is the third largest manufacturer of trucks in Europe), ERF (Great Britain) and STAR (Poland), as well as Neoplan buses;
- MAN Diesel & Turbo (English)- a joint division engaged in the production of marine and diesel engines and turbines of various capacities (formerly MAN B&W Diesel; in MAN Diesel and MAN Turbo merged into MAN Diesel & Turbo SE);
- MAN Ferrostaal AG - a division engaged in the development and construction of high-tech manufacturing enterprises;
- MAN Latin America.
The MAN concern cooperates with the large Spanish company CEPSA, which produces various types of lubricants and materials for it.
Performance indicators
In 2007, the company's sales amounted to 93.26 thousand trucks, about 7.35 thousand buses. MAN AG's revenue in 2008 was €14.495 billion (an increase of 6% compared to 2007), net profit was €1.247 billion, an increase of 1%.
MAN in Russia
In Russia, the interests of the company are represented by MAN Truck and Bas Rus LLC, Lars Himmer (general director) has been appointed its head since July 1, 2010. By the summer of 2008, there were 40 dealer service stations in Russia, and by 2010 it was planned to increase their number to 50.
In the 4th quarter of 2008, the company achieved leadership in truck sales in Russia, overcoming the backlog from Scania and Volvo, and plans to maintain leadership in sales in 2008.
In April 2011, the construction of a truck assembly plant in Shushary (St. Petersburg) was announced.
In July 2013, the plant started producing trucks. By November 5, the hundredth car was produced. With full capacity, investments are expected to reach 25 million euros, a total of more than 230 jobs will be created, and 6,000 trucks per year will be produced.
The lineup
Since 2013, restyled versions of the entire MAN TGX, TGS, TGM, TGL model range have been presented:
- TGA - model discontinued since 2008, replaced by more modern TGX and TGS models
- TGX - truck tractors and classic "loners" with the maximum level of comfort for the driver, a payload of 15 to 70 tons (de facto) and engines from 360 to 680 hp. .
- TGS - truck tractors, classic "loners", dump trucks and various construction equipment on the MAN chassis with a payload of 18 to 70 tons (de facto) and engines from 360 to 680 hp. With.
- TGM - medium-duty trucks, including classic "loners" and dump trucks with a payload of 7 to 20 tons (de facto) and engines from 240 to 380 hp. With.
- TGL - light trucks for local urban transportation with a payload of 5 to 7 tons (de facto) and engines from 150 to 250 hp. With.
In the 1990s MAN switched to a new range of "2000", which includes numerous models with a gross weight of 6 to 50 tons, and as part of road trains - up to 180 tons. This family consisted of light, medium and heavy families "L2000", "M2000" and "F2000" respectively, replacing the G90, M90 and F90 series. On these trucks, electronic devices are widely used to control the operation of the engine, air suspension, driver's seat position, air conditioning, as well as anti-lock and traction control systems, etc. All vehicles have ventilated front disc brakes, hydraulic power steering, pneumatic 2- contour brake system, brake pads with wear sensors.
Since the end of 2000, a new “high-tech” heavy family “TGA” or “Trucknology Generation” has been produced, which complies with Euro-3 standards. It consists of numerous models with new diesels (11.9-12.8 liters, 310-510 hp), manual 16-speed or automated 12-speed electronically controlled gearbox, all disc brakes, three computer systems and five cabin options with an internal height of 1880-2100 mm. This range was awarded the title "Truck of 2001". At the same time, MAN began introducing a new simplified marking, in which the "L", "M" and "F" series in the "Evolution" version received the indices "LE", "ME" and "FE" with a digital indicator of the rounded engine power
MAN(Maschinenfabrik Augsburg - Nürnberg), formerly MAN AG, is a German engineering company specializing in the production of trucks, buses, diesel engines and turbines. The European company MAN was founded in 1958 and is based in Munich.
Until September 2012, MAN was one of the top 30 companies listed on the German stock exchange (DAX). The company celebrated its 250th anniversary in 2008 with 51,300 employees and a total annual sales of around €15 billion in 120 different countries.
MAN traces its origins back to 1758, when the St. Antony ironworks began operations in Oberhausen as the first heavy industry plant in the Ruhr area. In 1808 the three Ironworks "St. Anthony", the "Gute Hoffnung" (English: "Good Hope"), and the "Neue Essen" (English: "New Forges") merged to form the Hüttengewerkschaft und Handlung Jacobi (on English: "Jacobi Iron And Steel Works Union And Trading Company") "Jacobi Iron And Steel Works Union And Trading Company" in Oberhausen, which was later renamed Gute Hoffnungshütte (GHH).
In 1840, the German engineer Ludwig Sander founded the first MAN plant in Southern Germany in Augsburg: "Sander" sche Maschinenfabrik ". Then the name changed to" S. Reichenbach "sche Maschinenfabrik", which was in honor of the creator of printing presses Karl August Reichenbach, and then to "Maschinenfabrik Augsburg". The branch of Süddeutsche Brückenbau AG (MAN-Werk Gustavsburg) was founded when the company was awarded a contract in 1859 to build a railway bridge across the Rhine and Main.
In 1898 Maschinenbau AG-Nürnberg (founded 1841) and Maschinenfabrik Augsburg AG (founded 1840) merged to form Vereinigte Maschinenfabrik Augsburg und Maschinenbaugesellschaft Nürnberg A.G., Augsburg ("United Machine Works Augsburg and Nuremberg Ltd."). In 1908, the company was renamed Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nürnberg AG, or M A N for short.
Although the focus was initially on ore mining and iron production in the Ruhr area, mechanical engineering became the dominant business in Augsburg and Nuremberg. Under the leadership of Heinrich von Buza, Maschinenfabrik Augsburg grew from a medium business with 400 employees to a large enterprise with 12,000 employees in 1913.
MAN's early predecessors were responsible for numerous technological innovations. The success of early MAN entrepreneurs and engineers like Heinrich Gottfried Gerber was based on a great openness towards new technologies. They built the Wuppertal suspension road ("Wuppertaler Schwebebahn") and the first spectacular steel bridges, like the Großhesseloher Brücke in Munich in 1857 and the Müngsten railway bridge between 1893 and 1897.
From 1893, Rudolf Diesel worked for four years with future MAN engineers in a laboratory in Augsburg until his first diesel engine was completed and fully operational.
With the help of good stock purchases and takeovers of manufacturing industries, such as Deutsche Werft (1918), Ferrostaal (1921), Deggendorfer Werft und Eisenbau (1924), MAN became a nationwide operating company, with 52,000 employees by 1921.
War
At the same time, the economic situation worsened. The reasons for this were reparations after the First World War, the occupation of the Ruhr region and the global economic crisis. In just two years, the number of MAN employees fell from 14,000 in 1929/30 to 7,400 in 1931/32. At that time, civilian industry was collapsing and military industry was increasing under the National Socialist regime. MAN enterprises supplied diesel engines for submarines, tanks, cylinders for shells and artillery. MAN also produced pistol parts, including the Mauser K98.
post-war period
After the end of World War II, the Allies fragmented the company. "Gutehoffnungshütte", together with MAN, focused on the design and construction of a plant for commercial vehicles and printing machines.
In 1982/83 the "Gutehoffnungshütte" plunged into a deep corporate crisis. The company suffered from the long-term effects of the second oil crisis and the poor economic situation. This was especially reflected in the decline in sales of commercial vehicles. In addition to external factors, the main cause of these problems was the outdated company structure with extensive cross-subsidization between divisions.
In 1986, with Klaus Götte, the group received a new company structure. There was also a transfer of the MAN headquarters from Oberhausen to Munich and a new company name MAN AG.
In 2006, MAN entered into an agreement with the Indian company Force Motors to establish a 50:50 joint venture for the production of trucks and buses in India for the domestic and foreign markets. The joint venture set up a truck manufacturing plant in Pithampur, Madhya Pradesh and launched its first truck for the Indian market in 2007. At the end of 2011, MAN bought out its Indian partner's share, and its operations in India became a wholly owned subsidiary of MAN in early 2012.
In September 2006, MAN made an offer to take over Swedish competitor Scania AB. The European Commission approved the takeover on December 14, 2006. However, MAN voluntarily withdrew the offer on January 23, 2007, after Scania's major shareholders Volkswagen AG and the influential Wallenberg family withdrew the offer.
In 2008, the MAN Group celebrated its 250th anniversary with numerous events. Exhibitions in several museums, vintage car tour with the slogan "MAN back on the road". At the beginning of December 2008, MAN took over the truck and bus company VW of Brazil and changed the name of MAN in Latin America. At the same time, MAN is now the market leader in Brazil with a market share of 30 percent.
Since May 2009, the group has been registered as the European corporation MAN SE. In July 2009 MAN decided to merge the two divisions MAN Turbo and MAN Diesel into one business area called Power Engineering. In addition, the group has entered into a strategic partnership contract with the Chinese truck manufacturer Sinotruk. During this focusing process, many smaller subsidiaries were sold.
In 2009, investigators at the Munich Prosecutor's Office uncovered a corruption case in which MAN bribed business partners and governments in more than 20 countries over the years from 2001 to 2007 in order to obtain large orders for buses and trucks. MAN CEO Hakan Samuelsson and further members of the Board had to resign.
Takeover by Volkswagen
In July 2011, Volkswagen AG acquired 55.9% of the voting shares and 53.7% of the share capital in MAN SE. Pending regulatory approval, Volkswagen plans to merge MAN and Scania to become Europe's biggest truck manufacturer. The merger of these businesses plans to save around 400 million euros per year, mainly through pooled purchases. Regulatory approval was granted and the merger completed in November 2011.
In April 2012, MAN SE announced that Volkswagen had increased its voting shares to 73.0% and 71.08% share capital.
On June 6, 2012, Volkswagen AG announced that it had increased its voting share in MAN SE to 75.03%, paving the way for a dominance agreement.
