Autoworld lives by its own laws, sometimes not entirely clear to ordinary buyers. Price tags in car dealerships are often surprising, and sometimes just shocking. Meanwhile, these figures almost always have a more serious reason than the dealer's greed. We list the main factors that play a role in pricing in the new car market.
The first principle is “Size matters”
Size matters
How more car the more expensive it is? But lately, the rule has acquired so many exceptions that it has almost lost its relevance.
In the twentieth century, it did not work only when premium cars were compared with the usual "consumer goods". BMW 3 Series or Mercedes C-class were expectedly more expensive than similar-sized Fords and Opels (often the price difference was symbolic).
Today, this rule is preserved: for the cost of a premium hatchback, you can afford a sedan of a higher class.
For example:
But the twenty-first century brought a phenomenon called "new budget car", and one of the first of these was Renault Logan- a sedan of a very solid size, noticeably inferior in price Renault hatchback Clio and even the baby Nissan Micra who had with him common platform. The Logan experience was quickly picked up by other manufacturers, and today the most available models in salons Russian dealers Volkswagen, Nissan, Hyundai are exactly budget sedans.
In most cases, such cars are replacing small, but not so cheap models from the line.
Ford Fiesta, one of the best-selling cars in Europe, has been retired in favor of Ford Focus.
Volkswagen Polo, the award-winning European hatchback, was withdrawn from sales in Russia so as not to interfere with Volkswagen Polo sedan.
Renault Clio could not compete with Renault Logan/Sandero.
The Hyundai i20 offered in Europe was significantly inferior in Russia and is no longer offered.
We mention the feature Russian market— Epic love for sedans. On the one hand, sales statistics seem to confirm this love, just look at the list above.
On the other hand, there is reason to believe that it is inflated by marketers and is supported exclusively by pricing policy. In cases where one model is available with several body styles, with rare exceptions, the lowest base price(and what are buyers more interested in?) has a sedan. Sometimes this is justified by a more complex design - for example, a hatchback backseat it is regulated in the longitudinal direction, while in the sedan it is fixed rigidly - but most often the difference in price is either purely fashion-forward or due to rich equipment.
Station wagons and coupes are the most expensive, although in the latter case design changes are significant (for example, the front suspension of Opel Astra GTC).
Last but not least, the price is affected by the technical "stuffing"
The price is also affected by the technical "stuffing"
More powerful engine, automatic transmission gears, four-wheel drive (when possible) - everything costs extra money, and a lot of it. Therefore, by the way, front-wheel drive pseudo-crossovers are very popular with us, outwardly indistinguishable from “real ones”, but more modest both in technical terms and in terms of equipment. For many models, especially Asian brands, one thing is inextricably linked with the other: a smaller engine with "mechanics" usually cannot be obtained in rich performance, and a top power unit, on the contrary, is not available with an "empty" configuration.
This can be illustrated by a list of modifications and Mitsubishi trim levels ASX. Four-wheel drive can only be obtained with the "older" two-liter engine. And a 1.6-liter engine cannot be bought with a CVT or in a good configuration.
And you also need to be prepared for the fact that an initially inexpensive car, even in the top version, will not show you technical miracles: if it has a classic “automatic”, it will most likely be a four-speed (although recently there have been many exceptions with modern automatic transmissions: Volkswagen polo sedan, Kia Rio, Hyundai Solaris), robotic box will “slow down” and twitch, and the variator and center clutch (for crossovers) can quickly overheat. The fact is that in modern cars a lot depends on the precise operation of electronics, and manufacturers, at every opportunity, save not only on hardware, but also on software.
For the "convenience" in the form of additional options you have to pay on top
Continuing the topic of equipment, it is impossible not to mention that promotional materials always indicate the minimum price of the car. It's called "price from". The difference in cost can be significant, from 30 to 50 percent or even higher.
Let's illustrate on the example of several popular models:
But such a wide range of prices is due not only to configurations, but also to different “techniques” - more powerful motors, automatic transmission, all-wheel drive.
How big is the variation in prices within one modification? Less, about 20-30 percent.
But there are also options that are recruited separately, in addition to package configurations. As a result, the final cost of the car can easily grow by another 10-20 percent against the declared one. Dial options one at a time are usually offered European manufacturers. On the one hand, this approach can be considered more flexible - the buyer orders what he really needs. On the other hand, the same “Koreans” or “Japanese”, whom we often reproach for inflating prices to the level of more eminent competitors, are still a little more honest in this regard.
However, equipping cars with a sufficient package of options is already in basic configuration becomes a rule of good taste in the premium segment. For example, Mercedes-Benz sells many of its models in " Special Series”, where the most popular options are already available, and such machines are somewhat cheaper than similar options with the same set of options ordered separately. BMW does the same with cars. Kaliningrad assembly. But they have more package options.
At all-wheel drive BMW 320d xDrive "packages" three:
And the petrol 320i has two (not counting basic version), and with other names:
For the prestige of the brand, you also need to pay extra
Hardly anyone doubts this, although there are brands today with a very blurry image. Let's say Chevrolet is and:
tiny budget Spark from Korea,
Russian Niva;
European sedan And cruze hatchback;
real American supercar Corvette Stingray.
IN similar cases sometimes you can talk about the birth of sub-brands. So, the budget sedan Volkswagen Polo sedan, nicknamed "semi-sedan", is considered by many to be not quite a real "Volkswagen". A representative Kia Quoris the manufacturer is trying in every possible way to distance himself from the "plebeian" Rio and Picanto.
In addition, it is customary for the people to separate cars of the same brand and even models, but produced at different factories: for example, at the beginning of sales of the current Toyota Camry it was fashionable to chase more expensive copies Japanese assembly, preferring them to sedans produced in St. Petersburg. However, this difference is not due to best quality, but by the fact that in Russia the most popular and mass-produced versions of a particular model are usually assembled, and “piece goods” are imported from abroad.
In principle, any brand, even the most democratic, can be overvalued, which was shown by Ford, which lost 40 percent in the first half of 2014. Russian sales compared to the same period in 2013.
Summary
For simplicity, we summarize our reasoning as follows. The price of a car is increased by 4 main factors: dimensions, technical "stuffing", level of equipment and prestige of the brand. What you are willing to give up when choosing is up to you. Or open next material We'll show you how you can save money.
When you look at a car with low mileage, you salivate in anticipation of a successful acquisition. Such an ideal-looking device is inexpensive, and it actually has its whole life ahead of it. But the reality is not so rosy. How much mileage must a car have to be in full bloom?
Small mileage, but big age
A car, like a person, is subject to aging, and its technical condition depends on the inexorable course of time. If the car has been in the garage for 10 years, then it is not at all a fact that it will fly on the roads like new.
Not high mileage usually associated with the so-called wintering. Having traveled to the dacha in the summer and having rolled about 3-5 thousand kilometers during the season, some owners drive their four-wheeled friend into the garage for six months until the snow melts.
“Usually, before putting into long-term storage, cars go through a set of conservation measures,” says technical expert Igor Morzharetto. Wooden supports are knocked under the thresholds to remove weight from the springs and avoid the effect of “Metal Fatigue”. Further, the body and sides are rubbed cannon fat or other anti-corrosion agents to prevent rust formation. Fuel is poured into the tank under the lid to avoid moisture condensation on the inner walls and the appearance of putrefactive deposits. But even after these procedures, time takes its toll, and in the spring the car appears before the owners in a completely different form than before entering hibernation.
The process of re-preservation is also not at all simple. First, all fluids are changed, including fuel, and then rubber joints and joints are carefully inspected, where leaks and smudges can form. Be sure to drain the engine oil and filters so that the wear particles settling in it do not damage the rubbing parts.
But most importantly, it is necessary to pump new brake fluid and check the system's performance. During prolonged standing, the liquid absorbs moisture and loses its efficiency. If the car has wintered without movement for a couple of seasons, then the risk of unexpected boiling brake fluid increases.
Naturally, such complicated procedures most drivers do not comply, which is why downtime in garages turns into aging equipment.
Ride a little
But if the car was not laid up every winter and made small runs from time to time, this does not mean at all that it is in good technical condition. Departures once every two weeks in winter are the most dangerous for vehicles. Especially harmful is idle time in the cold and subsequent cold start at temperatures below 15 degrees. During downtime, oil drains into the crankcase and leaves moving parts without lubrication. When starting, dry metal is rubbed and goes increased wear parts until the oil again spreads through the mechanisms and through the internal channels. A low temperature only exacerbates this process.
The same effect is observed in other parts of the car. For infrequent trips after long downtime the gearbox wears out and all-wheel drive transmission if it exists.
In addition, there are parts whose expiration date is not determined by mileage and wear, but by the time of use. This is all rubber seals, hoses and seals. Rubber has its own life limit and cracks, dries and stony in the same way on a stationary car, as well as on a moving one. Therefore, old suspension struts or cooling system hoses will leak even after several years of standing idle.
Hours are more important
The other extreme is a small age, but a high mileage. This category includes taxi drivers and corporate vehicles that are constantly on the road. Behind perfect bodies with sparkling paint and relatively fresh, unworn interiors, wear-damaged mechanisms hide. True, such a mileage is not always critical for fresh cars, because the resource estimate engine is coming Not by mileage, but by engine hours.
Roughly speaking, the motor can turn the shaft for three hours in the range of 1.5-2 thousand revolutions. And it doesn't matter to him how far the car will travel during this time. If you connect the "sixth" stage of the box, then the car will sweep 300 kilometers along the highway, and if the second, it will drive only 30 km in traffic jams. Therefore, when frequent driving“For a long distance” it happens that the motor nurses half a million kilometers, but for the suspension such a mileage is already critical. You will have to change the levers in a circle. The same goes for fuel pump, pumps and other attachments. Automatic transmission will definitely require an oil change.
But here air conditioner won't feel the impact of more mileage. Its service life is also calculated in hours.
What mileage is preferable for a car and indicates its serviceable technical condition? The vast majority of automakers design cars based on an average annual mileage of 15,000 kilometers. The same interval is laid when appointing Maintenance. When compiling credit programs with a buyback, specialists also focus on the wear of mechanisms, a multiple of 15 thousand km. That's why correct mileage easy to calculate yourself.
A mileage of 75,000 is considered normal for a five-year plan, and 105,000 for a 7-year-old car. This means that the car was used constantly, but without any special loads. So, it remains in excellent technical shape.
One of the main indicators that determine the value of a used car is the distance it has traveled during its operation by the previous owner or owners. It is for this reason that the owners vehicle and selling sellers on their own or with the help of specialists, they often reduce the odometer reading by several tens, or even hundreds of thousands of kilometers. How to determine real mileage when buying a car and why you need to do it, you can find out from this article.
Why try to determine the real mileage of the car
The distance traveled, along with the year of manufacture, indirectly determines the current condition of the car and, accordingly, directly affects its value. The lower the mileage, the higher the price. Therefore, when buying a car with twisted mileage, depending on the class and the number of kilometers rolled, you overpay from several tens to several hundred thousand rubles.
In addition to the loss of money immediately upon purchase, there is a potential risk of large additional investments later. After all, the resource of the main components of the car is usually calculated precisely by mileage. First of all, this concerns suspension, engine and transmission parts.
In addition to additional monetary costs, buying a car with twisted mileage is a real danger to the life and health of the driver, passengers and other road users. After all new owner he will be sure that the car does not yet require the replacement of consumables, and an element that suddenly fails at speed can lead to an accident. It is no coincidence that in some countries mileage twisting is considered a crime. In Russia, responsibility for this has not yet been provided, so you will have to deal with this issue at your own peril and risk.
How can real mileage be determined?
Service book. If the car was serviced by previous owners at the dealer, then its real mileage can be found in the service book. The odometer reading must be entered at each visit to the service station and certified by the seal of the dealer. You can check its authenticity by contacting the person who performed the work. dealership and consulting the electronic database. If the seller says that the service book is missing, this should alert. However, many owners do not go to the dealer for maintenance, and it may simply be empty.
Mileage information in the controller (ECU). In modern cars, real mileage can be found in electronic unit control or controller by connecting to it using a special scanner or laptop, with the installed diagnostic program and cable. At the same time, you can check if there are any errors in the ECU memory that indicate serious malfunctions. It should be borne in mind that the mileage in the controller will always be less than on the instrument panel, since it is marked by the date of the event recorded in the memory, which occurred several days or months ago.
Salon condition. The interior can tell a lot about a car's mileage. Strong abrasions on the steering wheel, control buttons, armrests, pedal pads, and seats that have lost their shape indicate that the car has already traveled more than a hundred kilometers, and maybe more than two. Of course, in part the condition of individual interior elements also depends on the accuracy of the owner and the quality of the materials, so a combination of factors should be taken into account.
Condition of tires, bodywork and glass. If the car has stock tires, pay attention to their wear. On a car with a mileage of 50-70 thousand km, it will be close to the limit. If the tires are new, then this mileage has already been completed. The operation of the car invariably leads to the appearance of chips and scratches on the paintwork and glass. If they were not painted and did not change, then the mileage can be understood by the number and condition of defects. If individual elements painted or changed - compare their condition with the original ones.
State brake discs . Brake disc wear level - good indicator run. It is influenced by the driving style, however, if desired, it is easy to estimate the approximate mileage by the state of this element. Before inspection, it is desirable to find out what disk resource on a given model is the limit.
It is not always possible to determine the exact mileage of a car with an accuracy of a kilometer, even with the help of computer diagnostics. IN service book also may not be the necessary information. It is not worth evaluating the distance traveled only by the cabin and the body - you must take into account all the available information in the complex and draw appropriate conclusions from them. Additionally, you can search for information about the car on the Internet - old sales announcements, messages on forums and social networks, etc.
And here's another new way car mileage check,
A vehicle's mileage is the total number of kilometers that the vehicle has traveled on the road since it left the manufacturer's assembly line. In order to measure mileage, special sensors are installed in each car, the readings of which are displayed on the dashboard of the car.To measure these readings, the car has a special device - an odometer: its scale is usually built into another apparatus, called a speedometer, which serves to determine the speed of a moving car. Therefore, in order to find out what is the total mileage of the vehicle you are interested in, you should pay attention to the odometer scale. In most cases, it is located directly below or above the place where the speedometer needle is attached.
Significance of mileage
The importance of car mileage when buying a used vehicle can hardly be overestimated. The fact is that mileage is the main indicator that affects the wear of all car systems, so in most cases it can be said with certainty that the greater the car’s mileage, the older it is, and its systems are worn out.Knowing this, often car owners, when selling a used car, tend to pass it off as more new car by lowering the odometer reading: this action is very common on an unofficial automotive market and even acquired a special name - “twist the mileage”.
Nevertheless, it is still possible to establish the real mileage of the car with a sufficient degree of probability even in this case. Firstly, it is worth taking into account the average mileage during the standard mode of operation of the vehicle in the city. Experts say that the use of the car in the "home-work" mode on weekdays and the implementation of relatively close, within 50 kilometers one way, weekend trips in total provides the car with about 10 thousand kilometers per year. Therefore, if you see a ten-year-old car in front of you, the total mileage of which is about 30 thousand, it is highly likely that it has undergone an adjustment.
However, it should be borne in mind that the mileage is only one of the indicators that allow you to assess the margin of safety of a car. In addition, you should pay attention to the general condition of the car, which is usually quite expressive evidence of the intensity of its operation. So, the degree of wear of the main components of the engine can show how high the level of depreciation of the machine is, and what is the expected period during which it can serve you without any problems.
We all know very well that most cars on secondary market they sell extremely wonderful ones: they were not in an accident, they don’t eat oil, all MOTs were always on time, the runs were minimal ... It’s just a pity that the vast majority of statements turn out to be not even a sincere delusion of the seller, but his brazen lies. It is good that there are ways to recognize at least part of the deception solely with the help of your own eyes and attention.
Why salon?
We have already looked at how to properly look for traces of damage on the body. Of course, not every cross-country car will be completely rusty or broken from all sides. It happens that the car was lucky, and outwardly it was well preserved. But in this situation, some sellers (more often - "outbid") have a desire to "rewind" the mileage. About how this is done, and in what ways it is recognized, we will tell somehow separately. Today we will look exclusively at the salon: just according to its condition, you can a high degree the probability of distinguishing a 200,000 mileage from a 50,000th mileage, and sometimes even understanding that the car was in a major accident.
And it is even more important to determine what kind of seller is standing in front of you. If he, with the honest and kind eyes of the Pope, is trying to sell you a car with doubled (and more often tripled) mileage, then you can’t trust him in any way. No one will guarantee that the motor will not fall apart after the first thousand kilometers, but into the gearbox rear axle a kilogram of sawdust is not clogged to temporarily eliminate its hum. So the determination of the mileage in the cabin is necessary not only to try to drop the price, but also for at least a rough estimate general condition car.
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I note that in any case it is impossible to accurately determine the mileage according to the condition of the cabin. But to understand that they are trying to deceive you is quite. And, of course, all brands have significant differences in interior materials. And the interior of a Mercedes in the back of a W210 with a mileage of 250 thousand most often does not look worse than salon Chery M11 with a range of 100 thousand kilometers. Everything can differ: the quality of the plastic, fabric or leather of the seats, the condition of the steering wheel rim and door handles. Therefore, before looking at a specific car, ask what might be wrong with it. Read owner reviews and blogs, read ours. It happens that the salon is the last thing that will give out a real mileage.
However, let's look in order.
Steering wheel and dashboard
The first indicator of high mileage - steering wheel. Well, everything is simple here: the more worn it is, the more mileage. And again, we take into account the features of the model. For example, there is light leather steering wheel Volvo car S80II. Mileage - only 113 thousand, and it looks, to put it mildly, unpresentable. Maybe the mileage is twisted? Not necessary. Google “Volvo S80 steering wheel” and you will see a lot of stories and posts on forums where people wonder how the steering wheel managed to peel off so quickly, and what to do about it. Usually, by the way, the skin is simply repainted. But we digress.
The second steering wheel - Ford Focus l. This car has 229,000 miles, which is 366,000 in kilometers. And here the bestial state of the steering wheel is quite adequate to the infernal run.
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Well, often the skin really gives up before not the most expensive plastic. And in any case, cars with mileage of 50-70 thousand do not have such steering wheels. To be sure, look at the automatic transmission selector or the “mechanics” lever. If it is polished by hands no less than the steering wheel, then the reasons for doubt are not at all groundless.
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In addition, pay attention to how the steering wheel stands in a straight line. A deviation of several degrees can be explained in different ways. Firstly, by replacing the tie rod ends, the rods themselves or repairing the steering rack. And not in the the best service. But even on not the most reliable cars such work is rarely required for runs up to 80-100 thousand. Secondly, it is possible that the steering wheel itself was removed. And they do this often after the airbag is fired in an accident. The steering wheel must be level, there can be no other options.
Now we evaluate the state of the inscriptions on the buttons of the multifunction steering wheel. On machines with low mileage, even small signs of abrasion are unacceptable.
We look at the steering column switches. Here, too, the condition of the inscriptions should be assessed. First of all - the degree of their wear where they are touched by fingers. Then pay attention to the corrugations, if any (usually on the rotary elements at the ends of the switches - of course, not all machines have such, but they are found on many). Strongly “polished” edges should alert. And finally, see if these switches have been changed. The age of plastic can rarely be adequately assessed, but when comparing the right and left switches it becomes obvious that one of them is newer, then there is reason to think about it.
There are no such cars, where you have to change switches at low mileage, now. That is, the mileage of the car is clearly very high, even if the owner says something about power current, the absence of unloading relays and weak spot specific car. Yes, there was such a problem, for example, the first or . But with runs much over a hundred thousand.
Now we look at dashboard. Here, in fact, there is only one interest: was it filmed? For example, to throw off the same mileage. With small runs, the tidy is not removed - there is no need. For large ones, this will be needed, for example, to replace the speedometer cable. If there are screwdriver marks on the screws securing the panel, you have one more reason to doubt.
Doors and center panel
Let's start with the doors. Here the most “talking” detail is the handles and armrests. Since plastic is never perfectly smooth, its texture can always be checked by touch. And if there are places on the armrests where the texture disappears, then this means that a person’s hand often lay here. Most likely, many tens of thousands she lay there. Same thing with door handles: try to open the door and see where your fingers go. Now evaluate the plastic in this place with the surroundings. Noticeable wear - high mileage. On fresh cars, this wear is almost impossible to notice.
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On some machines, there are fabric inserts in the area of the handles. If the "outbid" is not even too lazy to replace the handles, then the inserts usually do not change. And if you are considering budget car two or three years old, and the fabric is heavily worn, that is, it is likely that she spent her youth in a taxi (especially if it is, for example,).
Now we look at the screws in the doors that secure the skin. With a small mileage, no one should touch them. With a large one, maybe they touched it: they repaired or changed locks or window lift mechanisms. Usually the screws are covered with soft plastic plugs. IN good services they are removed with plastic pullers, in ordinary ones - with iron screwdrivers. And then there are traces not only on the screws, but also on the plugs. It is desirable that no one climbs under the door trim, there is nothing to do there on a good car. By the way, the skins could also be removed for body repairs.
Now we look at the central panel. Here, those details that are most often touched during operation require attention. For example, adjustments on deflectors climate system. Of course, they must be working, but we are also interested in the state of those parts that are touched by fingers. All wiped to a shine — run for a hundred.
If regular music is installed, look at the “twist” of the volume of the audio system: it is touched most often. Strongly shabby, and even with erased inscriptions around the handle - also a sign of a gigantic mileage.
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The condition of the buttons is most often good at any mileage, but the inscriptions are sometimes erased quickly. If they are already worn out, the mileage is high.
Armchairs, mats and pedals
On the chairs, of course, look at the upholstery. Feel free to ask to remove the cover from the seat, a normal seller will not refuse you. But again, it is desirable to know the features of the car. For example, on our Volvo, the beautiful leather of the driver's seat “aged” much faster than the cheap fabric of the Focus seat. It seems as if the mileage of the car is two hundred thousand, but it is not. The best option- find the same car with a reliably known mileage from friends or acquaintances and compare how the upholstery looks on this car and the one being examined.
On cars where there are rear airbags, we examine the lines of the upholstery of the front seats. If the pillow worked, the seams may differ from the factory ones. Just in case, you can compare the lines on the right and left front seats, they should be the same.
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Another “talking” indicator is the spent driver's seat. In any case, it is sold more than the rest. But it is noticeable only on long runs. Sit in the driver's seat, and then in the front passenger seat. Feel the difference? So the range is big.
Now, just in case, let's look at the seat slides. Is there rust? The sign is bad: most likely, the floor is not in order either. Carpets are the easiest to replace. And the rubber “troughs” also hardly wear out. But if the rugs are piled, see extreme wear(or even a hole) on a very mileage car is possible. In addition, it is easy to replace the mat, and the part of the dashboard, which the driver often involuntarily touches with his foot, is difficult. Therefore, we look not only at the rug and upholstery under it, but at the plastic in the immediate vicinity of the pedals. There are noticeable traces - there is also a large mileage.
But the lining on the pedals at high mileage is almost always changed. You see rubber bands that are too new - think about why they are so new. Most likely, the old ones were worn to holes and replaced.
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Other elements
Now it remains to carefully examine the assembly of interior parts. Of course, the ceiling is almost impossible to wear out, but there are elements that can tell about the car no less than a service book.
For example, there should not be any stains on the ceiling. It is clear that in the case of the hatch, it is most likely that he will be the culprit of moisture. If there is no hatch, but there are divorces, pay attention to Windshield. It may have been badly replaced. On some machines, after this procedure, part of the flowing water is collected in the front of the headlining, between the glass and the unit. interior lighting. It happens that she even leads there. Not only is this unpleasant in itself, but also the reason for replacing the “frontal” should raise appropriate questions.
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Now we are looking for traces of disassembly of the cabin. All elements must be level, without gaps. Clips, plugs, screws should not have scratches or any other signs of dismantling: on a car with low mileage and without participation in an accident, there is no reason to disassemble the interior.
And now what i can do?
Let's say you find some indications that the car's mileage is higher than stated by the seller. How to live with it now?
First, it is not necessary to consider each of the above signs of a long run as a necessary and sufficient condition. Look for a combination of such signs. For example, heavily worn fabric inserts on the doors near the handles (or just very dirty ones) along with new pedals are almost a sure sign of an attempt to hide the real mileage. Or crooked lines leather seats not yet old Mercedes with signs of dismantling the steering wheel should make you check the body of the car again: most likely, it was in serious accident and then under renovation.
And vice versa: a lot of what we talked about can be quickly and relatively inexpensively eliminated. Therefore, of course, it is necessary to study the interior, but do not forget about everything else: the body, internal combustion engine, transmission, undercarriage... There, too, sometimes you can find surprises, although this is best done with a specialist.
And sitting in the cabin, at least turn on the ignition and see if the check light bulb engine. It happens that they just unscrew it, ride the buyer and tell that “everything is OK with the car, check engine off, no errors. Well, check if everything that should work in the cabin works exactly. It happens that a problem that is insignificant at first glance, like a non-working stove damper, can turn into expenses of a couple of tens of thousands of rubles, because, say, it only changes when assembled with a motor, and for replacement it is necessary to disassemble the front panel.
Unfortunately, the impudence of some sellers knows no bounds, and the design modern cars gets weird. But more about the latter some other time.
