Modern cars mostly equipped. These very well-proven user-friendly systems allow at a given level, which contributes to safety traffic, since the driver no longer needs to constantly be distracted from driving, changing the airflow and temperature parameters. itself determines which of the units is needed or air conditioning) depending on the temperature of the cabin. All this happens thanks to the coordinated work of climate control sensors and actuators. Majority automatic systems uses gearmotors (actuators) to control dampers.
They are equipped with five-pin electric motors (with feedback) to convey information about their position. Sensors are installed both inside the car and outside, for an instant response to any temperature changes. More sophisticated systems install infrared sensors to measure body temperature and solar sensors to compensate for sunlight entering the cabin through the glass. The climate control module is a computer that responds to input data.
Diagnostics
Accurate diagnosis is very important because many spare parts can be expensive. The module itself will be the most expensive, but sensors, switches, relays, etc. will not fall big load for the family budget. - enough complex mechanism, consisting of many components, and you need to understand which of them does not work correctly. Most systems have their own fault scanner. To activate, you need to press the keys in a certain order (this information can be obtained from the instruction manual for your vehicle), For different cars combinations are different. To make the data more accurate, scanning must be carried out with the engine running.
After pressing certain combinations, the computer will generate a fault code, and you can easily determine the faulty area from the code table. But do not rush to replace the "faulty" module. You need to check the terminal cables (often the terminals oxidize and the contact weakens), perhaps the problem is in them. If the display or indication on the unit itself is not working, you need to check the presence of power at the input to it. If there is no power, you need to check the fuse and wires on the way to the control unit, a short circuit or wire breakage is possible.
Climate control unit repair
After a thorough diagnosis and identification of the cause of the malfunction, you can proceed with the repair. Since the control unit itself is expensive and not always available in the store, you can try to restore the faulty module. Such repairs will cost much less and require less time. For repair, we will need to remove the faulty unit.
The climate control system is one of the most complex vehicle control systems, both technically and electronically. Essentially, it combines several various devices(cabin heating system, blower system, air conditioning), which in the past were controlled by numerous switches, knobs and buttons. In climate control, it is enough to set comfortable temperature, and "brains" with the help of electronic valves, servos, clutches and other bells and whistles in a couple of minutes will create pleasant weather in the car. But, as you know, you have to pay for everything. First of all, constant maintenance and expensive repairs.
To start, some general technical information. The most complex device in climate control is naturally the air conditioner. By the principle of operation, it resembles a conventional refrigerator. Compressor translates working mixture(refrigerant) to a liquid state. Then, in the evaporator, a reverse liquid-gas conversion takes place, as a result of which, according to the laws of physics, cooling occurs. So, if we compare a refrigerator with a compressor, the last time is five times more powerful. That is why, when turning on the air conditioner, there is a loss of power and a decrease in engine speed. By the way, one of the functions of climate control is to increase idling engine when the air conditioner is turned on. Structurally, the air conditioning system is a little scattered around the car. One of the most common schemes is shown in the figure (for example, Peugeot 307 1.6 2004 onwards). Fig.1
The compressor and evaporator mentioned above are items 1 and 11, respectively.
A little simpler, but no less capricious, is the blowing system. Previously, who remembers, there were several basic airflow modes: on the windshield, recirculation, inflow from the outside, under the feet, on the driver, etc. Now you can set the climate mode for a specific passenger. Moreover, the climate control computer itself will first turn on the airflow windshield if it is fogged up or covered with frost. As a rule, the redirection of air masses is carried out using numerous servo drives that control valves. The thing itself is not very reliable, they often stick, especially when driving on a dusty road.
Finally, the heating system, simply a stove. Everything is clear here: an additional radiator in the cabin, taken away from the engine cooling system, plus a fan. Most weak spots– fan motor (brushes and bushings) and block electronic adjustment air injection speed (rheostat and powerful transistors).
Time to move on to the features electrical circuit. Fig.2
Taken as an example Volvo car S80 2005 (here at least it's not so fancy yet). In the A500 diagram - a cabin fan control unit, often it is part of the climate control head unit. Powerful control transistors inside the block often overheat and fail, so it is easier to change them when such a block is made separately, as in this embodiment. Domestic analogues these transistors are short-lived, it is better to change the whole unit. A510 is a multifunctional unit, often called a comfort unit. As can be seen from the diagram, it is connected to the climate control unit via the A62 CAN bus. It is through it that control signals are transmitted. This bus communicates with the passenger door module A520, steering wheel A70 and interior temperature sensor B506. Fig.3
The A502 engine cooling fan is also included in the climate control system. It is activated even with a cold engine in case of hot weather. Fig.4
M500 - interior fan motor. M512 - servo leg area, M507 - windshield, - left side, M509 - right side, M510 - recirculation. In this model, only five servos control air currents. Each of them includes electronic, mechanical parts and the electric motor itself. In case of failure, you can try to clean it from dust and wedge the drive (usually this happens in extreme positions shutters). It's easier to change the whole thing. B500 - sun sensor, serves to direct a larger jet of air to that part of the cabin where it is hotter. Moreover, there are climate control systems with gas sensors environment. For example, you are standing in a traffic jam, there is smoke around, then he switches the system to recirculation. B511 - coolant temperature sensor.
Fig.5
Y500 - electric compressor clutch. This is the main device that turns on the air conditioner. IN domestic air conditioners electric compressors are used. In vehicles, the compressors are driven by a power take-off belt from the engine. And take away up to 10%. There are three types of compressors: axial piston, rotary vane and reciprocating. When replacing them, it is advisable to change to a similar one. B22 - coolant temperature sensor. B526 - pressure sensor in the air conditioning system. It is he who blocks the inclusion of the air conditioner in case of insufficient or excess freon in the system.
And finally, the main thing is maintenance and repair
I am an auto electrician myself. And I often come across a situation when a car arrives from a service station, where it was filled with refrigerant. The car owner says they weighed everything, checked it according to the reference books, everything is ok. And the air conditioner doesn't work. Master sent to auto electricians. What are we? We ran diagnostics, everything is ok with us. We have nothing to check the pressure in the system. And the kicking of the car owner in the service station begins. Therefore, advice: refuel freon only at reputable stations that have their own auto electrician or at least diagnostic equipment. Now in order.- Check the amount of refrigerant at the beginning of each season. It performs not only cooling, but also lubricating (compressor) and anti-corrosion functions. The lack of freon is detrimental, but its excessive amount leads to an increased load on the compressor, respectively, an earlier failure of it, but it costs a lot. I recommend that if you need to replace the compressor, buy a refurbished used compressor, and not its Chinese "analogue".
- Make sure that the tubes and radiator of the air conditioner do not rub even against the soft parts of the car, are not exposed to additional corrosion, flush the radiators from the outside in a timely manner, but not with a high-pressure pump.
- If the system is depressurized, you should immediately contact the service station and eliminate the malfunction, otherwise water, salt, dirt, microorganisms will begin to enter the system, and corrosion will begin. The receiver-dryer can generally be thrown away, the filter and silica gel inside it will become unusable. Methods for finding the damage site (there are many of them - vacuum, ultraviolet halogen, etc.) are quite complicated, it is better not to try it yourself.
- Check the condition of the pulley belt and compressor bearing. The latter may become unusable after 5 years of operation.
- Turn on the air conditioning periodically, even during the cold season, so that the refrigerant disperses the lubricant throughout the system. Often in frost, the icing sensor does not allow this to be done, then drive it into warm garage, washing, wait for the thaw.
- Once a year, and countryside and more often, change cabin filter. Dust clogged in the condenser, passenger compartment fan and servos can damage them.
- If in the cabin, when the blower fan is turned on, you hear extraneous noise feels even worse bad smell start repairing it immediately. Usually, noise is caused by worn motor bushings, and smell is caused by worn out brushes. All this is easy to change. Sometimes the reason for the failure of the interior airflow system is a malfunction of the rheostat (a system of powerful low-resistance resistors). They should be replaced.
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I contacted the Avangard technical center after a small accident, compared offers. I really liked that you can send a photo, and the repair is estimated from the photo. You don’t need to ride or describe on the phone “well, there is on the wing, and there is still a chip on the bumper.” Very professional approach! The price suited me, after 4 days I already took the car, not a trace of the blow at all!
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The basis of any vehicle control system, its main components and systems, are electronic blocks management. The work of all controlled and additional systems car.
There are a lot of reasons for the failure of control units. This is the overvoltage that occurs due to short circuit, impact external factors, mechanical damage, corrosion and overheating. Usually, official dealers carry out car repairs complete replacement. This is especially true for blocks that have been in the water. However, such a measure is not always economically justified.
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