Throughout 2015, motorists discussed new bill how winter tires should be used. Whether the law was adopted or not, many drivers still do not know. That is why it is important to understand this issue. Moreover, the violation traffic rules entails the imposition of fines.
winter tire law
First of all, you should understand what kind of law it is about changing tires to winter and what are its main provisions. It is important to know what the Technical Regulations are called in this way Customs Union, which was adopted on January 1, 2015. It sets out the requirements for safe use transport.
From now on it is forbidden to use tires designed for driving in summer winter period and equipped with spikes. And, on the contrary, in winter it was forbidden to ride summer wheels. At the same time, the legislation establishes the requirement that all wheels must be replaced at the same time.
However, the law on winter tires has and a large number of shortcomings. One of the most significant is the fact that there are no articles in it that would impose requirements on tires used on freight transport as well as on buses.
In addition, it is not entirely clear how the compliance of rubber with the requirements specified in the law will be checked. Only the points have the corresponding powers. technical inspection. However, new vehicles are exempt from this obligation.
Why you should change your tires on time
When figuring out when to install winter tires according to the law, you need to understand why it is so important to comply with the requirements of this regulation. The main goal of developing the Technical Regulations is to improve safety traffic.
Late installation of winter tires can lead to whole line problems:
- increasing the length of the braking distance significantly increases the likelihood of accidents;
- a decrease in the speed of movement leads to the formation of congestion on the roads;
- the car is slipping, because they cannot overcome even not too steep slopes.
Rules for the operation of wheels
The Winter Tire Act establishes certain rules for the operation of tires:
- In summer, it is forbidden to use rubber that is equipped with spikes. The ban period is from June to August.
- In winter, starting from December and ending in February, you can not drive on cars that are not equipped with winter tires.
- All year round you can use a special non-studded rubber (the so-called Velcro). It must be appropriately marked with the letters M and S.
- Depending on the climate, local authorities have the right to change the terms of use of different types of rubber. You can change them only in a big way.
- Tread depth in winter time should be at least 4 mm, and in summer - 1.6 mm.
Types of winter tires
Usually there are two types of winter tires - with spikes and Velcro. Each of these types of tires has its own advantages and disadvantages.
The so-called Velcro are made of special quality rubber. It is very soft and heat resistant. This makes it possible to guarantee better grip with the road. Such tires can be said to stick to pavement. They are best suited for use in regions with a mild climate, as well as in urban areas. However, the Velcro straps are longer than the Velcro. In addition, they perform worse on ice and snow.
Studded tires are considered the safest. They are great for extreme cold weather. At the same time, the excellent grip of studded wheels with the road can significantly reduce braking distances. Such tires perform well on icy roads, as well as on covered wet snow. Much worst performance for such wheels when operating on wet pavement. However, these wheels also have disadvantages. They are quite heavy and when moving on high speed they make a lot of noise. In addition, the spikes wear out very quickly, fuel consumption increases during their operation.
Service life of tires
Not only is it important, it is also important by law that the tread depth be required level. Therefore, you need to know how long you can use and how to increase the life of tires.
It is impossible to calculate how long the protector will become unusable. This can only be determined during use. Studded tires wear out the fastest. They can be used for no more than three seasons. Velcro can be used much longer. All season tires will last the longest. However, they should not be used in extreme weather conditions such as extreme heat or freezing temperatures.
Thus, it is impossible to predict how long the tire will come into non-compliance with the law. However, there is a way to extend their useful life. To do this, you should not ride on wheels that are not appropriate for the season.
Tire Category Confirmation
As for the so-called all season tires, there is no information in the law on how to certify such rubber. But manufacturers have found a way out - they issue two categories of certificates for the same tires at once. One confirms the possibility of their use in summer, the other - in winter.
On all winter tires soon there will be a special marking in the form of mountain ranges. Such a badge is an international confirmation that the tires are made of a special arctic rubber, which is designed for use at low temperatures.
What tires are outlawed?
It's no secret that studded car tires spoil the road surface. That is why they set standards on how many studs winter tires should contain. Russia supported this law.
The only difference is the number of spikes per linear meter. In Europe, this indicator is allowed at the level of 50. In Russia, it was increased by 10.
Thus, the manufacturer will have to prove compliance with the number of spikes established in the regulations. For this, a specialized test site is traditionally used. To determine if the tires meet the established standards, the car passes a certain section of the road 100 times at a speed of 100 km / h. After that, a strictly defined section of the road is weighed and the result is compared with the weight before the start of the test. If the result fits within the established standards, the tested tires meet the requirements.
To date, the rubber test procedure is widely used in European countries. However, there are no such testing laboratories in Russia.
As a result, it is not possible to check tires for compliance with standards. It turns out that in winter you can use almost any rubber with spikes.
When to change tires?
If you remember the rules for the operation of wheels established in regulatory enactments, the issue, according to the law, will be automatically removed. To avoid disagreements with the traffic police, this must be done before December 1. Back tires should be reinstalled by June 1st.
But do not forget about safety requirements. In accordance with them, it is not always expedient to administratively fixed time in which the transition to winter tires is carried out. The law indicates only recommended periods, but life should be guided by common sense. Here are some tips for changing tires:
- Winter tires should be put on when the road has been covered with ice several times. It is not always advisable to change wheels for winter ones immediately after the first frosts, which occur in Russia even in September. Keeping a car on a slippery road is not easy. Therefore, do not delay too much with the replacement of summer tires with winter ones, waiting for the snow to completely cover the ground.
- Get rid of winter tires should not be in a hurry. You should wait for the moment when there is no ice on the road even at night.
Punishment for non-compliance with the requirements of the law
Those who do not comply with the law on winter tires will not be punished. The point is that on this moment fines for untimely replacement covers do not exist.
However, the Code of Contraventions establishes that when using worn car tires The owner is threatened with:
- a warning from a traffic police officer;
- a fine of 500 rubles.
At the same time, the employee who detected the offense can choose from these options. In practice, the driver rarely manages to limit himself to a warning. Most often, traffic inspectors issue a receipt for payment of a fine. It can also encourage the car owner to meet the deadlines when the winter / summer tires. The law is intended to raise the level
Thus, compliance with the new law on the use of winter tires will not only save you from paying fines. By listening to them, you can significantly improve road safety.
One of the most important parameters tires is the depth of the tread pattern.
The importance of such an indicator is determined by the characteristics of operation, since the height of the tread pattern directly affects the quality of adhesion of the car to the road surface. Accordingly, the level of safety of the driver and passengers depends on the depth of the texture on the tires.
Some motorists prefer to "wear out" the rubber until it exposes the cord, which is fundamentally wrong. Combination of bald rubber and slippery road is extremely dangerous and can lead to unpredictable consequences. In addition, the use of worn tires may result in a fine.
Tires have an important task, which is to provide reliable grip with pavement.
IN summer time temperature environment gets pretty high, so summer varieties made from tougher rubber. Distinctive feature of such varieties is the protection of vehicles from aquaplaning - this is due to the longitudinal stripes of the pattern.
The protector plays a major role in ensuring safe ride, since the finer the tread texture is, the smaller the car's grip patch becomes. This, in turn, increases the risk of unexpected situations while driving.
The depth of the pattern is regulated by each manufacturer separately for each type of model. Optimal dimensions calculated using special programs, where the parameters are calculated for the successful removal of water from the contact spot. However, there is still a general criterion for the height of the picture - summer models have a less deep texture in comparison with winter varieties.
The tread height depends on the function that the wheels are supposed to perform.
In this case, rubber is divided into the following types:
- Sports;
- off-road;
- Highway;
- Regional.
For these options, the tread height, as well as the type of pattern, can have impressive differences. For example, the depth of the pattern of off-road types can reach 17 mm, while for sports this value reaches 5 mm.
Tire tread value
The tread pattern performs several very important tasks:
- Promotes the expulsion of water from the contact space of the wheel and coating;
- Protects the tire from various mechanical influences, which is facilitated by the presence of bumps on the road surface, and also prevents tire puncture during a collision with sharp elements.
Preference for a particular type of pattern is given depending on the conditions in which it is supposed to operate the car.
Proper selection of tires will significantly improve the evenness of the course and controllability of the vehicle, increase efficiency when emergency braking and contribute to a quick response to steering wheel. The inconsistency of the selected tread with the operating conditions will significantly reduce the performance of the vehicle.
Types of tread pattern of summer tires
Summer samples have a texture consisting of wide protrusions and narrow grooves. At the same time, lamellas (slots) in such variants are almost absent. This design contributes low level noise and high wear resistance.
There is a clear distinction between the types of pattern depending on road conditions - in this case rubber is divided into three types:
- With a symmetrical pattern- this type has a symmetrical texture on the surface and is a universal option that most car owners use;
- C sent invoice- this option is not yet very popular among owners Vehicle. It is very effective in terms of hydroplaning suppression, but not suitable for high speeds;
- Asymmetric tread pattern. This option combines the features good grip at high speed and efficient water disposal. This type is perfect for trails, and will also be useful on wet pavement.
There are also racing variations that have a low profile and hard tire. This option is good for sports cars and other cars capable of speeds up to 300 km / h.
Residual tread depth according to traffic rules
Valid depth values:
- New tires for passenger cars often have a standard tread height of 6-8 mm;
- At the same time, some racing varieties and heavy off-road cars allowable height tread can reach 16-17 mm.
Tread depth standards vary from country to country:
- In Europe, an indicator of 3 mm is considered critical and a ban is imposed on such tires.
- Concerning Russian legislation, then, according to the rules, minimum height for driving on summer tires is 1.6 mm. If the tread has worn below this mark, then it is necessary to replace the tires as soon as possible, since driving on them can lead to unpleasant consequences.
First of all, riding on bald tires is extremely dangerous - it is almost impossible to confidently keep the road on it. In addition, significant pattern wear (from 50%) can greatly impair grip properties, which will manifest itself especially brightly in the rain on a wet surface.
Another disadvantage of driving on such tires is a fine, which is regulated by law. Accordingly, the traffic police inspector, according to part 1 of Art. 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, has the right to fine a driver whose vehicle has worn tires.
How to measure the remaining tread?
To find out how much tire wear, you need to measure the tread depth.
This is done quite simply:
- using a coin, which must be placed in the protector, mark or remember the tread level, and then measure the distance on the coin with a tape measure.
Most often, motorists use sets of tires, which consist of four identical tires. Their use does not cause difficulties and has no restrictions. Problems begin when it is necessary to replace one or more of the four tires (for example, in case of punctures).
Buying a new set of tires is expensive, so if one or two tires need to be replaced, drivers try to find alternatives (although this is not always easy, as sellers often refuse to sell an incomplete set of tires). Installing different tires on the car, drivers should perform these actions strictly in accordance with the current traffic rules.
So, the restriction on the operation of different rubber is enshrined in clause 5.5 of the SDA.
In particular, it is prohibited to operate the vehicle if:
- tires are used on one axle of the vehicle different models, dimensions or designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless);
- tires with different treads are installed on one axle of the vehicle;
- frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant tires are installed on one axle;
- new and retreaded tyres, new and with a deep tread pattern, were installed on one axle.
In addition, according to the rules, the operation of vehicles on which tires with and without studs are installed is not allowed. At the same time, the rules do not prohibit the installation of different tires separately on the front and rear axles (this rule does not apply to studded and non-studded tires - all tires installed on the vehicle must be either with or without studs).
Different tires on the front and rear axle
Rubber operation different type on the front and rear axles is allowed (with the exception of studded and non-studded tires, which we mentioned above).
All tires installed on the car must be either summer or winter, otherwise the grip of the tires will vary significantly.
This can lead to a skid of a car and other unpleasant consequences.
According to current rules, V different time different tires should be installed on cars: summer tires - should not be used from December to February; winter tires - should not be used from June to August.
Let's return to the consideration of a situation in which one or two tires need to be replaced. The owner of a car in such a situation can find a pair of identical tires and install them on one of the axles of the car. Pair tires mounted on different axes, may differ, but you should try to choose them so that these differences are minimal.
For example, if one of the winter tires on the rear axle of the car is damaged or worn out, you should buy a pair winter tires, and install it on that axis. In this case, different Winter tires, but this will not be considered a violation of the rules for operating the vehicle.
Features of combining tires
note that current regulations do not prohibit the operation of tires with varying degrees wear on one axle. Restrictions apply only to the installation of new and retreaded tires, as well as new tires and tires with a deep tread pattern.
Thus, retreaded and deepened tires cannot be put on a car together with new tires.
In order to make the essence of the limitation more clear, we will describe the procedures for restoring and deepening the tire tread pattern.
When tires are retreaded, worn tires are sent to a workshop where a new layer of rubber with a tread is applied to them.
When deepening, on the contrary, on the tire with special equipment a new tread is cut.
Other restrictions on the use of tires with different wear not installed. So, if two right tires are damaged on the vehicle, the left tires can be removed and installed on the front or on rear axle. Two new tires must be installed on the remaining axle.
In such a situation, the wear of the front and rear wheels will vary. And although this is not prohibited by the rules, it is still undesirable to experiment with this issue, since the safety of the car depends on it, which means the life and health of the driver himself and other road users.
What is the risk of using different tires on the same axle
The use of different tires on the same axle of the car can lead to unpleasant consequences.
The consequences may be the following:
- different tires impair vehicle control and performance;
- rubber, which is produced today, has become more seasonally oriented, so a shallow tread in winter has low grip;
- Using different tires can cause the vehicle to accelerate and brake unevenly, which can cause emergencies on roads (for example, if good winter tires are installed on the front axle, when braking front-wheel drive vehicles during ice, their grip will be better and the car may skid).
Thus, the behavior of a car with different tires, especially on the same axle, becomes less predictable, which can subsequently lead to an accident.
If the driver already has to look for a replacement for damaged tires and there is no way to purchase a complete new kit, it is desirable that the difference between the diameters of the rubber different manufacturers was minimal.
Penalty for committed violations
The punishment for violation of these rules is prescribed in article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. A driver who commits a violation may be issued a warning or a fine of 500 rubles.
Most often, a fine is issued in such situations:
- studded and non-studded tires are installed on the vehicle axles;
- different types of tires are used on the same axle of the car;
- The vehicle is using heavily worn winter tires.
Also, punishment can be applied for the absence of a special sign on the car indicating the use of spiked tires (a white triangle with a red border and the letter "Ш" in the center).
The presence of such a sign, according to the traffic rules, is mandatory. The sign (sticker) is installed behind vehicles.
Practice shows that the application of penalties to motorists who violate established rules, produces a certain effect, and traffic safety can be regulated. Currently, the issue of increasing the amount of penalties for the violations in question is being discussed.
However, this is not a panacea, and many drivers continue to take risks by using unsuitable tires for driving. Some people think that it is easier to pay a fine than to buy new tires. In doing so, it should be remembered that saving on your own safety can have disastrous consequences.
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From January 1, 2015, restrictions on the operation of various car tires come into force, but we advise you to prepare for this turn of events at the present time. New Rules of the Road introduce restrictions on tire tread depth. And besides this, there are other legal documents regulating the operation of summer and winter tires on your car.
Firstly, here we are talking about the technical regulations of the Customs Union called "On the safety of wheeled vehicles." Based on this regulation, a classification of car tires for the introduced rules was compiled. We add that it is this so-called law that provides for a ban on operation in the winter. summer tires, albeit the best, as well as studded tires in summer period.
WITH complete list new fines for traffic violation, .
Next, we remind you that new traffic rules introduce a limited tire tread height. What is now categorized worn tires? Summer tires, even the best ones, are limited to 1.6mm, but let's say that was before. But winter tires for the first time received a restriction and now for them this figure is 4mm.
In addition, the technical regulations established a ban on the use of summer tires in winter. Note that the rules determine the winter period for three months according to the calendar, although many people know that traffic police inspectors are already starting to dig at the first snow, which usually falls in the month of November. We remind you that it is also forbidden to use studded tires during the summer period, which is clearly defined by the traditional calendar months.
We add that the above restrictions are not included in the new traffic rules. Thus, it turns out that next year motorists can drive around the territory of our state and, moreover, with impunity in the summer on a car that is shod in studded tires, and vice versa in winter shod in summer tires. The most important thing here is that the tire tread height is in line with the new standards. And since for the driver, the Rules of the Road are the main document, then if they do not prohibit all of the above, then everything else is possible.
How to change shoes for your car - when, how and what features.
We want to note that the main wave of interest of officials who set the rules regarding tire issue arose only when a traffic jam was organized on the highway St. Petersburg - Moscow, the length of which was several tens of kilometers! Huge trucks, shod in rubber, reminiscent of "slick" (tires that do not have a tread finally), made an attempt to storm the icy track. But all to no avail. And literally in front of this truck, by pure chance, the entrances to the ramps of federal highways near the Moscow Ring Road were blocked. But in this case the fact of collapse was not caused.
It is noteworthy that the technical regulations prohibit the use of even the best summer tires in winter and studded tires in summer only cars(pay attention to this)! And multi-ton trucks, trucks, tractors with trailers, buses carrying innocent people can literally drive anything. The most important thing is that the tread height of the tires corresponds to the parameters specified by the regulations.
Recall that the driver, if the depth (height) of the tread is sufficient, will be fined 500 rubles in accordance with part 1 of article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. But in most European countries, officials have introduced restrictions on the operation of certain tires, depending on the period of operation. Some even have restrictions that depend on weather conditions.
But let's start from the depth (height) of the tread. Until that time, only one parameter was fixed in the Rules of the Road - this is 1.6mm for absolutely all types of tires. The innovation of the technical regulations and additions to the new traffic rules lies in the fact that now the restriction on the tread height for winter tires has also been adopted.
Let's say with all confidence that this is true for our motorists. Since quite a few drivers believe that a car should be shod in rubber and it doesn’t matter at all how it looks. Most roll the tires of their car not only to the prescribed limit, but also to that state until the cord climbs. But the combination of worn tires and a wet road surface is a very dangerous combination.
One of largest manufacturers tire held on his test site, located in the town of Nokia, one test that clearly showed what role the tread has to ensure traffic safety. Let's start here from afar. For example, you drive a BMW X6 or Hyundai Solaris 2015 mod. years, or maybe you are sitting on back seat of these cars, the car, as is probably known, contacts the road surface with tires due to four spots the size of which is the size of an adult's palm.
What are we for? And to the fact that at a car speed of 5km / h, such a spot is equal to 100%. But note that the greater the speed becomes, the smaller the contact area of this spot becomes. Namely, new summer tires or winter tires, the height (depth) of the tread of which is 8 mm at a speed of 120 km / h, are in contact with the road through a speck sized 46% of the initial one. And a tread worn to a critical level (1.6mm) is already in contact with the road surface through a speck of 6%. It turns out that you simply fly over the road and only occasionally touch it.
If we take into account the statistics of Australian and Finnish analysts, then in almost 60% of road accidents the main culprits are worn out winter or summer tires. At the same time, a critical level of wear is responsible for almost every seventh accident. And 57% of accidents are due to badly worn tires. 30% for those tires that did not match weather conditions, and another 13% were responsible for road accidents due to low pressure in tires.
In our country, such statistics, unfortunately, are not available. And the accident record card does not provide for an item that describes the condition of the tires.
Studded tires
About this species, it is necessary to say separately. We note right away that in the Old World very strict requirements have been introduced for this species. No matter how highly nanotech spikes are, they still have the ability to knock out pieces from the asphalt pavement. But it was not so much the safety of the road surface that bothered Western officials, but rather the concern for the health of others. Because all this dust that is knocked out by studded tires settles somewhere. In order to reduce this volume, they (bureaucrats) set a standard that regulates the number of spikes per linear meter of car mileage, namely, for this very linear meter there should be no more than 50 screwed spikes. Another option can also be allowed: if the number of studs is more than the established one, then studded tires should not harm the road surface very much. The upshot of this is that many tire manufacturers have taken the path of least resistance.
Namely, they simply reduced the number of spikes in such tires. The average number of spikes in tires is now no more than 100 pcs. because of this, such studded tires have lost their effectiveness. One Finnish company made a knight's move, i.e., on the contrary, it increased the number of spikes. Her model of studded tires has about 190 studs on one tire. And this manufacturer managed to prove that the harm from such spikes is very small. This is achieved by the fact that the stud itself has been improved (the weight has been reduced, its size has been reduced, there is a pillow on the seat, due to which the stud is retracted into the inside of the tire when it is not needed). And to support the evidence, the company constantly conducts special tests. For example, small granite blocks are taken. Their weight is known. Everyone knows that studded tires bring the greatest harm to a wet road surface, so granite blocks are wetted before the test. And after that, a car runs over them with a speed of 100 km / h a hundred times. Further, these blocks are again weighed and determine what harm was caused. For now, let's add, the technology for manufacturing such spikes wins by a wide margin over the technology that tries to reduce their (thorns) number.
But the most important thing to note is that in accordance with this technical regulation of the Customs Union, the same will be expected of our motorists, but from 2015. And the number of spikes in a linear meter of a tire will be limited by the number 60. Or evidence that the damage caused by studded tires is minimal.
By the way, before starting series production specific tire model, its prototype undergoes extensive testing. And its tests do not even stop after its manufacture. One of these is the measurement of the contact spot (size) at various vehicle speeds. But high-strength glass is poured water solution, a camera is mounted below the glass, which shoots at a speed of 30,000 frames per second. That allows you to get a high-quality image of the tire area that is in contact with the road surface when the car is moving.
»Often, drivers are also faced with such situations for which you can suffer from the traffic police inspector, even without violating the rules of the road in part speed limit, overtaking, driving through an intersection, and even health status.
For many, sanctions may unexpectedly follow for different "shoes" of wheels - a fine for different tires on the axles of the vehicle. This offense has many legal nuances on which the size of the penalty depends, and sometimes the very fact of the presence or absence of sanctions.
So what does the law say and how to avoid a fine if the tires on the car are different? Is it worth it to ride on different tires? Let's take a closer look at the situation.
In this article:
Penalty for different tires on axles
As you know, depending on the type of transport, it has axles. And it often happens that drivers put tires with different tread patterns on their wheels. In this case, a fine is likely.
Today, there are no norms in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation that directly state that different tires are the reason for punishment. However, a possible penalty for different rubber on axes, 2019 retained in Part 1 of Art. 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
After all, if the tire tread is different, the rubber on the axles of the SDA can be questioned from the point of view of safety. The corresponding norm is directly enshrined in clause 5.5. And this means that the operating conditions of the car are violated.
This will give the traffic police inspector a reason to warn the driver or even fine him 500 rubles.
Other possible troubles
Beginners who have just sat behind the wheel may face sanctions, and not only for different tires on the axles. It is likely that those drivers who did not have time to change winter tires to summer tires will also fall under the sanctions. Then a fine for different tires in the amount of five hundred rubles is also possible.
It is possible that traffic police officers can measure the height of the tread. Then if there are deviations, then a fine for different tires can also be quite likely.
Although there is no classification of rubber in the SDA, international standards are now in force (for example, the relevant Technical Regulations of the Customs Union), which are also applied in the country.
In addition, a bill is currently being discussed in the lobby of the authorities, according to which it is supposed to tighten sanctions for the use of tires out of season.
If accepted, drivers driving wrong rubber winter or summer, can be fined two thousand rubles.
Is it possible to challenge a fine for different tires
In fact, situations are different. It is quite possible that the driver was stopped at the very moment when he was going to “change shoes” at the service station.
If it was not possible to convince the inspector orally of this fact, then the corresponding explanations should be recorded in the protocol on administrative offense. They will come in handy when it becomes necessary to challenge the issued fine.
In addition, doubts can be expressed about the correctness of the measurement of the tread length.
When the traffic police inspector nevertheless handed you a fine, there are two ways. The first is to submit to the will of the man with the rod and pay the sanctions imposed. According to the legislation, 2 months are allotted for this.
When the driver has reasonable doubts about the legality of the measures taken against him, he can appeal the decision to the relevant traffic police authority or to the court. There is a 10 day period for this.
Plus, an appeal can be filed against the decision of the court within the same period. If the search for truth in the courts was unsuccessful, then the payment of a fine cannot be avoided.
