Emergency braking on a slippery road. How to slow down in the winter on the mechanics

One of the students, an airplane pilot by profession, said: "Don't leave flights for the end of autumn, women for the end of life, and brakes for the end of the runway."

The ability to brake properly is especially important when driving in difficult weather and extreme conditions for driving.

Consider some types of braking:

The fundamental mistake of drivers when braking on a slippery road is braking to the floor. It is also unacceptable to make any sudden movements with the steering wheel and gas and brake pedals. Such actions at any time of the year, and especially in winter, with a low coefficient of adhesion of tires to the road, contribute to the blocking of the wheels, which causes the consequences of the demolition of the front axle or skidding. rear axle car.

The driver should brake on a slippery road only impulsively (in steps or intermittently). This method of braking allows you to slow down BEFORE short-term blocking of the wheels, without causing the car to skid. From the point of view of the physics of motion, the advantage of impulsive braking methods is that the weight of the car is redistributed less intensively, as a result of which the total grip of winter car tires with the road (the contact patch of the tires on the road) increases, so the car on a slippery road becomes more stable.

If there is enough space for braking, you can also use the combined method, that is, simultaneously with braking, turn on lower gears. However, in this case it is very important not to overdrive the engine (shift into gear at the appropriate speed range), as excessive traction on the drive wheels can also lead to loss of vehicle stability.

And so, how to slow down in winter? The left foot must be on the stand (as for a car with mechanical box gearshift, and for the machine), the belt is fastened - this is how we feel the behavior of the car and its handling. Right foot - heel on the floor, slow down with the toe. Intermittent braking - we apply a metered effort on the brake pedal. Step braking - gradually increase the braking force to a complete stop, the final force is accompanied by disengagement of the clutch. Combined braking method - we slow down until the corresponding low gear, while it is very important not to twist the engine!

Consider some situations on the road, and how to act in order to avoid an emergency.

Stopping at traffic lights, before pedestrian crossings.

It must be remembered that it is in these sections and in front of them that the road can be especially slippery due to the constant braking of vehicles. It is necessary to brake in advance impulsively or in combination. We do not try to immediately start moving: at a traffic light, someone can still complete the intersection, even at a red traffic light; on pedestrian crossing you have to be careful twice, even passed the road a pedestrian may suddenly trip and fall.

Braking in traffic, in traffic jams.

We also brake in advance (stepped, intermittent or combined), namely: it is necessary to look into the perspective of the traffic flow and start braking when they brake far ahead of you (the third, fourth car, as far as possible) - if necessary, this will help to increase the distance for an unobstructed car stops.

Movement on icy slopes.

It is necessary to move only with the clutch engaged, otherwise the car may lose stability.

Actions of the driver in the event of an unexpected appearance of an obstacle on a slippery road

As we said earlier, the most effective method, which allows you to stop on a smaller section of the path - impulse. However, the use of even this method requires an assessment of the traffic situation. After all, if any object appeared on the road, it may be better to go around it, after looking around in the rear-view mirrors.

Tags: How, correctly, to slow down, on a slippery road

Braking on a slippery road

HOW IS IT RIGHT TO BRAKE ON MECHANICS? | Topic author: Andrey

HOW TO BRAKE CORRECTLY

Not every novice driver knows how to properly brake on a car. In order to slow down a car with automatic transmission gear, you just need to press the brake pedal. But, usually driving in driving schools and exams in the traffic police pass on cars with a manual transmission. On such cars, braking is a little more difficult.

How to brake correctly

If you want to brake mechanically and come to a complete stop here is the safest way to brake especially on downhills, wet road and in ice: release the gas, then gently apply the brake and squeeze the clutch just before stopping so as not to stall. Then we switch to neutral and release the pedals. There is another way. Good weather braking method flat road: first you need to completely release the gas, squeeze the clutch all the way with your left foot, and then gently press the brake pedal with your right foot until it comes to a complete stop. After the car has come to a complete stop, shift to neutral and only then release the brake and clutch pedals. It is always better to release the gas pedal smoothly, do not quit. If you plan to leave the car, even for a few minutes, then you should definitely put on the parking brake.

How to slow down properly

In order to slow down and only slightly slow down, you need to release the gas pedal, briefly and not hard press the brake, while not touching the clutch. Do not be afraid that the car will stall. If you plan to slow down enough that you have to downshift, you will have to depress the clutch.

How to brake on ice

Emergency braking in ice has its own characteristics, which not all drivers know about. Usually the question about braking in ice is in the tickets for the exam. In icy conditions, it is most effective to slow down by short intermittent pressing of the brake pedal.

Braking technique on slippery roads - Driving School

Jan 28, 2012 - Braking technique on slippery roads. When driving in difficult weather conditions it is very important to know how to...

With the onset of winter, the tension on the roads increases significantly, since it is no longer possible to drive on a snowy and sometimes icy road in the "summer" mode, and not every car owner can quickly change the driving style. Due to the lack of a permanent good grip wheels with road surface, braking, especially in emergency situations may result in loss of control of the vehicle. Therefore, with the onset of cold weather, you should at least change your aggressive driving style to a calmer one.

Experienced car owners with many years of experience, this is exactly what they do, while beginners learn from their mistakes. In order to feel more confident on a slippery and icy road, constant practice is necessary, since all theoretical advice taken together will not allow you to gain the required experience, feel the car, intuitively feel the approaching danger. It should be understood, however, that despite the modern cars a variety of systems that help in managing, for example, ABS, you should not blindly rely on them.

ABS - help or hindrance on ice

Equipping cars with driving assistance systems has led to the fact that many, especially inexperienced drivers, have begun to trust her too much, forgetting many points safe driving. It should not be forgotten that with the onset of frost, you should replace the rubber with studded options- this significantly reduces the brake let on slippery roads. In order to know how to properly brake with ABS, you should get acquainted with the principle of operation of this system, which is designed to prevent the wheels from locking during braking and loss of control over the vehicle.

Upon attempt hard braking on standard car without ABS, the wheels simply lock up, which leads to a sharp decrease in controllability and skidding of the vehicle. It is worth noting that between the blocked tire and the road surface, the friction force will be quite weak, so it is almost impossible to quickly stop the car on a slippery road. Braking that is carried out without blocking is more efficient than sliding on an icy road surface. In addition, it prevents uncontrolled slipping and skidding of the car. The pros and cons of ABS are described in detail in the video:

To know how to brake with ABS with maximum efficiency, you need to understand the principle of operation of this system, which is quite simple. On each of the hubs of a car with ABS there are special protrusions like gear teeth. When the car is moving, they move under inductive sensors that transmit impulses to the car control system. There are several sensors, and when the wheel stops rotating during braking, the transmission of impulses stops, the bypass valves operate and the braking force weakens. It is at this moment that the driver hears a characteristic crack. Thus, the ABS system prevents the wheels from locking, allowing the driver to control the process of driving.

How to brake correctly in a car equipped with ABS

Before dealing with the question - how to properly brake in winter on front wheel drive, you should remember the simple rules of "winter" behavior on the road, which are often neglected modern drivers:

• keep a distance that differs from the summer one by a slightly greater distance;
• tires must match the season - not necessarily studded, but continue to operate the car on summer tires winter is unacceptable;
• avoid sudden braking when making maneuvers, especially when entering turns;
• do not press the brake pedal excessively when the vehicle overcomes obstacles / road surface irregularities.

The last point is especially relevant for cars with ABS. Do not be naive to believe that if the car is new and expensive, all the security systems and driver assistance available in it will help maintain controllability in a critical situation, when the driver himself does not show elementary attention to the traffic situation. In addition, there are some features, in addition to those listed above, that will allow you to brake on ice with ABS more correctly. These include the following:

Attention! The unconditional effectiveness of the ABS is sharply reduced on such surfaces as sand, ice, pronounced bumps - braking on them should be carried out taking into account the fact that the ABS may not work correctly.

How to brake properly in winter on mechanics

When braking in winter, when the road is icy or snowy, it must be understood that the braking distance increases significantly, and measures to stop the car should be started in advance. It is most optimal to use a combined braking method, that is, in addition to the brake pedal, you should use a gearbox, especially if the distance allows. Such braking includes not only pressing the brake pedal, but also shifting to lower gears.

But it should be understood that downshifting should be gradual, with appropriate indicators on the speedometer - if you abruptly switch to a low gear when the speed of the car is high, there is a chance of “knocking down” the engine, which will lead to a complete loss of controllability. In winter, it is necessary to completely forget about such a braking technique as “pedal to the floor”. This is not only inefficient, but also dangerous, since when the wheels are blocked, driving becomes almost impossible.

To know how to brake on ice if the car is not equipped with ABS, you should remember how this system works. It is enough to apply the brake frequently and intermittently when you need to quickly reduce speed in order to avoid losing control and slow down. When on a slippery road, it is very important to remain calm and avoid sudden pressure on the brake pedal and steering wheel movements, remembering that such actions in most cases contribute to loss of control over the car.

Special attention to difficult sections of the road

If traffic occurs predominantly in urban areas, special care must be taken at intersections. They represent increased danger even in summer period In winter, the risk of an accident here increases many times over. In order to properly brake with ABS in winter, the process must be started several tens of meters before the intersection itself. It is enough to press the brake pedal lightly, allowing the ABS to do the rest.

Important! If the car slows down jerkily, you should not panic - this is normal, and any actions of the driver at this moment can prevent a quick stop.

At intersections, special care must be taken not only at the moment of stopping. You should not strive to start one of the first, as soon as the red starts flashing. Other road users may not have time to complete the maneuver and stop moving completely, especially if their car is not equipped with ABS.

What is emergency braking?

Dedicated to Tinsmith's Day :)

Once in late autumn, when the thermometer was jumping in the plus during the day and minus at night, Masha was returning from work late in the evening. There was a stretch of road a few hundred meters from her house...

Winter surprises or how does the day of the tinker come about? (Real story)

Once in late autumn, when the thermometer was jumping in the plus during the day and minus at night, Masha was returning from work late in the evening. A few hundred meters from her house, there was a stretch of road with a slight incline followed by a 90-degree turn.

According to the law of meanness, it was in this place that evening carriageway not sprinkled with reagent, but shiny wet asphalt under the wheels turned out to be frozen. In addition, the icy surface of the slope before the turn was polished by previously passing cars, which made it slip even more.

But Masha found out about this later, when on this very hill, out of habit, she began to slow down by smoothly pressing the brake. The car slowed down a little, but despite the studded tires, it did not think to stop. Masha pressed the middle pedal even more. Does not help. And here, as for evil, there is also a twist. And what an obsession! The car treacherously drove straight, despite the steering wheel twisted to the side ...

It was the first car for an extreme situation on the ice. She hasn't been out in the winter yet.
My friend still drove to her house that evening, but with a tattered front bumper, a crushed fender and a broken headlight. And the pillar standing alone at the end of the turn was carelessly marked with a silver abrasion.

“I knew how to slow down properly!” she repeated over and over...

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How to slow down in a critical situation?

Sometimes the situation on the road changes so suddenly that the driver has no choice but to "hit the brakes". In this case, it happens that due to incorrect actions of the brake pedal, the car still reaches the obstacle. And everyone hears "BA-A-AMS" :(

Emergency braking is, as you probably guessed, nothing more than a sharp, emergency braking applied to slow down the car as much as possible.

Reference

Pressing the brake pedal brakes both the front and rear wheels car. If at the same time at least one wheel is blocked, then an increase in the braking distance and a skid of the car are almost inevitable. When the front wheels are locked, everything else, the car stops turning (does not respond to turning the steering wheel).

Braking on the verge of locking the wheels gives maximum deceleration efficiency, minimum braking distance and avoids all of the above disadvantages, i.e. is the perfect brake.

ABS(eng. Anti-lock breaking system - anti-lock braking system) - a complex electronic-mechanical system that prevents blocking (skid) of the wheels vehicle when braking. If the yellow ABS icon on the dashboard of your car lights up when you turn the ignition key, it means that this system you have installed. With her good work this icon will turn off after a few seconds. The presence of ABS can also be recognized by a very light and sensitive brake pedal.

Often on a car without ABS the primary reflex of any unprepared person in a critical situation to put pressure on the brake pedal leads to terrifying consequences.

It is from this innate reflex of the driver, which claimed many human lives, that we will begin our acquaintance with the basic rules of braking.

So please take this article seriously. And if necessary (and most likely necessary), then check that you have exactly the right skills to work with the brake pedal. for their development are given at the end of the article.

The rules for operating the brake pedal during emergency braking are quite different depending on the presence or absence of an electronic ABS assistant in your car. You can not load yourself with unnecessary information and then carefully read only the sections of this article that are suitable for you.

(highlighted in dark blue font).

How to brake urgently on a car with ABS? Advantages of ABS

The vast majority of foreign cars sold are equipped with an ABS system. And if you have just such a car, then you are lucky :)

On a car with ABS during emergency (sharp) braking, the “break the pedal” rule applies. Brake pedal, of course :) If your car also has a clutch pedal, then break two at the same time * until it comes to a complete stop (!).

To reduce the braking distance, the pressing force must be maximum from the very beginning of emergency braking. You will feel the operation of the ABS by the twitching of the brake pedal and a chirring sound. unpleasant sound crunchy. Don't be afraid - it's normal work of the above system, we continue that there is strength to press the pedal to a complete stop.
________
* - For correct operation ABS system during emergency braking, it is recommended to press exactly the two listed pedals at the same time, excluding the engine from the braking process.

If you need to stop quickly, then even on an icy surface, the same rule applies: press the brake all the way and do not let go (!) Until it comes to a complete stop. In this case, the vehicle electronics will calculate and apply the programmed braking mode for the driver.

In no case should you get rid of the natural reflex to press the brake all the way “to the floor” on a car with ABS!

Advantages of ABS during emergency braking:

• in most cases, the length of the braking distance decreases;
• the car with such braking reacts to the turns of the steering wheel, while maintaining controllability;
• in a turn with such braking, the car does not go into a skid * or demolition;
• the driver is not required to have special braking skills (in the vast majority of cases).

_________
* - If the skid is not due to braking, then the ABS will be powerless. (For example, often the cause of skidding in a turn is an incorrectly selected speed and subsequent excessive turning of the steering wheel, etc.). Cornering is a very inappropriate place to brake, regardless of your vehicle's equipment.

Attention!
familiar to many professional drivers The reflex of intermittent application of the brake in an emergency can easily increase the braking distance on a car with ABS!

In a second, ABS is capable of performing a series of 12 brake impulses, and even an extra-class race car driver is no more than 8. Therefore, when braking in a straight line on even, uniform surfaces (asphalt, wet asphalt, even ice, etc.), it is usually possible to defeat the electronics in the length of the brake path is not realistic. But on mixed surfaces, especially those covered with snow, not everything is so simple.

How does ABS work? Basic working principle

Two conditions are required for ABS to operate: a depressed brake pedal and at least one wheel that has momentarily stopped*.
If both conditions are met, then the electronics immediately intervene in braking and, oddly enough, slightly release the brake pads on the locked wheel.

The task of ABS is to provide braking on the verge of blocking the wheels, thereby maintaining the controllability of the car.

_________
* - a complex algorithm for the operation of the electronics of the anti-lock braking system also probably provides for its operation without stopping the wheels, but on dry pavement, as a result of its operation, you can almost always detect strokes of a short-term skidding (blocking) of the wheels.

Disadvantages (cons) ABS

Having ABS on board is great, but just in case, know and remember about the disadvantages of such a system, because. some of them are significant.

1. On rough roads (potholes, pavers, rocky surfaces) efficiency ABS work decreases. This leads to an increase (!) braking distance.

This is due to the fact that on uneven sections the “jumped” wheel is blocked much earlier than when braking on a flat road. It is at this moment, when the wheel is approaching and has minimal grip, that the ABS gives the command to release the brake pads. But further, when the wheel lands, its grip increases, and the braking force is already suboptimal - reduced by electronics.

On uneven road sections, there are few options to counteract this disadvantage: we reduce the speed to a similar section or - after (on a flat surface). A safe distance is a matter of course.

Is it possible to use impulse braking if the ABS does not work satisfactorily?
But here the opinions of experts differ: some argue that intermittent pressing of the brake pedal on such cars will not bring a positive result, others admit it, but argue that the old-generation ABS will only respond to the full release of the brake pedal. The gain in stopping distance in this case remains rather doubtful. How to check? Probably just about specific vehicle. I haven't tested mine yet :) So the question remains open.

2. Mixed coatings with different grip properties also lead to reduced ABS performance. Sometimes to a significant (!). A vivid example of a heterogeneous coating: asphalt - ice - asphalt - snow - puddle.

For more slippery surface the wheels lock up earlier, which leads to excessive release of the brake pads in the subsequent section. In other words, the ABS in this case cannot quickly respond and select the optimal braking force for a particular small section of the road. Undoubtedly, this leads to an increase in the braking distance.

The measures of struggle are the same - increased distance, and, ideally, reduced speed to a similar section.

3. When braking on loose, loose surfaces, ABS interferes and usually significantly increases the braking distance!
It can be a sandy or gravel road, or even a snow-covered road(!).

On such surfaces, when skid braking, a compacted “roller” is raked in front of the wheel, for example, from the same snow that will stop the wheel faster, the so-called plow effect occurs. Those. on loose surfaces, skidding is more effective.

4. ABS stops working before stopping. Watch out for slippery slopes!

The fourth minus of ABS is that it turns off at speeds below 5-7 km / h and for some driving conditions (for example, when you roll down a slippery slope), this fact must be taken into account.

That is, for example, in winter on an icy exit to underground parking you have applied braking to the floor. A car with pulsating ABS continues to slowly and steadily roll down the hill and does not want to stop until the end. This can happen on slippery slopes*.

How to be? And here I don't even know how to come up with a way out. Handbrake? Maybe. Intermittent braking? Maybe ... On a car with automatic transmission in similar situations I think that it is preferable to slow down in "Neutral" ("N" mode). Thank God that similar conditions are not often found.

5. One of the biggest disadvantages of ABS is, perhaps, the illusion that car owners have of the infallibility of this system. Now, obviously, you have realized that this is far from the case!

Usually, anti-lock braking systems are “smarter” on expensive cars, and there will be more electronic assistants there. On budget cars, their performance
in recent years, although it has increased significantly, nevertheless, on certain surfaces, especially snowy ones, their performance is not ideal.

The main advantage of ABS is that during emergency braking, the car reacts to steering turns and in most braking situations “to the floor” it nevertheless reduces the braking distance, thereby providing more chances to avoid an accident.

Winter surprises or how does the day of the tinker come about? (Continuation)

Let's return to the case with Masha described at the beginning. You probably guessed that our heroine's car was without ABS. And, what is most interesting, Masha theoretically knew perfectly well how to brake correctly on slippery surfaces. She solved it with ease with almost no mistakes. exam tickets I've heard a lot about intermittent braking.

But in the summer, while learning to drive, no one instilled in her this vital skill for winter, and not only for winter, driving.

What can I say ... Even drivers with experience over the summer wean from the winter driving style and often lose the necessary braking skills on slippery surfaces!

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How to brake urgently on a car without ABS?

If your car does not have ABS, then you yourself will have to be similar system and control the moment of blocking the wheels when braking.

How to reduce the braking distance?

Each of us heard the squeal of the tires of a decelerating car. And of course, everyone saw the black marks on the pavement left after such a stop.
Such wheel-lock braking is ineffective and often even dangerous, especially when used on slippery surfaces or at high speeds.

Wheel lock brakingdangerous because:

• increases the stopping distance (sometimes significantly);
• almost always leads to skidding of the car (its rotation);
• when the front wheels are locked, the car does not respond to steering turns (not steerable);
• on a turn, such braking leads to the demolition of the car (the car is also not controlled).

Wheel lock can occur not only on slippery surfaces. Even on dry pavement at a relatively low speed, a sharp application of the brake will lead to skid braking, with a full range of all the negative consequences.

When braking in this way, the wheel tire during friction with the road surface heats up to such an extent that it begins to melt and even burn. Of course, you will not see flames - not those speeds - but smoke is easy.

It is clear that melting rubber, like cheese in the oven, is not particularly effective. When skid braking on ice or packed snow at the point of contact with the wheel, a layer of water is bound to form, which almost always leads to an uncontrolled skid and requires a greater distance to stop than when braking ... on the verge of locking the wheels.

The most effective braking is braking on the verge of wheel lock!

What does braking on the verge of blocking mean?

This means that you are pressing on the brake with such a force that it still allows the wheels to spin, but on the verge of stopping them, i.e. if you press the pedal a little harder, the wheels will lock (stop).

When braking on the verge of blocking, the surface of the tire in contact with the road is different at each moment of time, which prevents the temperature at the point of contact from rising to a critical level.

In practice, it is unrealistic to catch the “edge of blocking” by pressing on the brake with a certain constant force. Why? Yes, because at the slightest decrease in speed, this “line” comes with a different effort. Therefore, experienced drivers, even ABS itself, apply

And in order to be able to slow down in this way, i.e. effectively, you must definitely learn to feel the moment of blocking the wheels, regardless of the road surface.

Signs of wheel lock when braking:

• wheel vibration occurs or vehicle deceleration worsens*;
• there was a sound of tires scratching on the surface of the road or their screech;
• there was a skid of the car, he stopped responding to the steering wheel (turn);

__________
* - Usually on slippery surfaces at the moment of blocking, the deterioration of deceleration is especially clearly felt. The car first reacts to braking, and then at some point the brakes seem to disappear - the wheels break into a slip. This is the very moment of blocking!

How to brake properly in a car without ABS?
The main methods of braking in critical situations

Depending on the traffic conditions and the need, drivers apply various ways braking, but, as a rule, they all come down to various variations, or a combination of the following three main methods.

Hard braking (aka emergency)

Usually applied in emergency situations when you need to quickly stop the car. This type of braking is suitable for even surfaces with more or less good grip: asphalt, wet asphalt, etc.

• We hit the brake hard. How better grip with the road, the later the wheels will move to the skid.

Effective deceleration with such braking occurs only until the wheel locks occur.

If you feel the wheels lock (tire screeching, vibration or suddenly reduced deceleration), you should immediately reduce the pressure on the brake pedal * and start impulse braking - intermittent pressing the pedal.

By doing this, you will avoid prolonged skidding of the wheels and, thereby, eliminate its negative consequences (skid, uncontrollability, increase in stopping distance).
__________
* - In a critical situation, releasing the brake pedal is not as easy as it seems, especially if there is very little space to stop. Even experienced drivers, frightened, sometimes press the brakes with all their might. Only practical training and, as they say, cold calculation will protect against such erroneous actions.

Impulse braking is performed in at least two ways.

Step braking

Be ready to apply it at the initial moment of using the wheels on any surface, and especially on slippery surfaces: rolled snow, ice, etc. This braking method is very effective, but requires skill.

• Push your foot on the brake pedal. It is necessary to press the pedal until the skid occurs, and then you should immediately release it a little. As soon as you feel the disappearance of the blockage, press again.

Press .. Let go a little ... Press ... Let go a little ...

• Using the steering wheel, if necessary, we correct the trajectory of the car, while trying to avoid turning the steering wheel at the moment the wheels lock.

The very first pedal press should be as short as possible to avoid prolonged use. So to say to them you produce "reconnaissance coverage" and enough effort to skid.

It turns out that we, as it were, catch the “edge of wheel blocking”, preventing long-term slipping and at the same time constantly applying braking force to the pedal.
At the same time, you yourself choose for yourself a comfortable frequency and duration of pressing, depending on external conditions, but usually, the more slippery the surface, the more frequent shocks should be. (As the speed decreases, their frequency can be reduced, and the duration increased).

Intermittent braking

It is used on broken or uneven road surfaces (potholes, etc.), as well as in places where sections of coatings with different slipperiness alternate. For example: asphalt - ice - asphalt - rolled snow, etc.

• Push your foot on the brake pedal, fully releasing it each time. In this case, you should press the pedal until the skid of the wheels occurs.

Press... Fully release... Press... Fully release...

• At the moment of releasing the wheels, if necessary, by turning the steering wheel, we correct the trajectory of the car (taxi).

It differs from the previous method in that here each pressing of the pedal ends with a complete cessation of braking.

It is desirable to release the pedal exactly on the potholes of the road (when the front wheels come into contact with an obstacle) or on a more slippery surface, where it is not desirable to brake.
The moment of pressing the pedal in this case falls on surfaces that are more preferable for braking (flat sections of the road or places with better grip). On them, if necessary, you can apply

This deceleration method is less effective than the previous one, but easier to perform. Therefore, use it either on the above areas, or on any surface with sufficient margin in the distance.

What to do if the car skids?

If during braking the car skids, it is necessary to stop the started braking and immediately correct the trajectory of movement by turning the steering wheel, turning the wheels in the direction of skidding. Ideally, when leveling the car, it is better not to brake at all. Those. one thing: either we turn the steering wheel, or we brake.

When to depress the clutch pedal?

On a car without ABS during emergency braking, you can forget about the clutch pedal! Yes, the car will stall at this stop. But the deceleration efficiency will be greater, because. in addition to pedal braking, engine braking is added. Ideally depress the clutch immediately before stopping, and when

It is necessary to be able, and not just to know! Knowledge in the head, skills in the body

Do not think that after getting acquainted with various methods of braking, you automatically learned how to properly brake on real car. Skill (automatism) is developed only in the process of numerous trainings (repetition of the same actions).

Therefore, to get real positive results, you need to take the time, choose a safe place and develop the right skills. And from time to time to replenish (remember) them, especially before winter season. An icy area would be ideal for such exercises, because. it is on it that you can very well feel the moment of blocking the wheels and develop the right skills to stop the car. But if one is not available, then even dry asphalt is suitable for a start.

All of the above exercises are best performed on a relatively low speed. The main thing here is to develop the so-called muscle memory.

Exercising in a car with ABS

Having accelerated and sharply pressing the brake, try to feel the moment of ABS operation, work out the “break the pedal” principle. Those. depress the brake pedal as hard as you can until it comes to a complete stop.

If you initially did not have the habit of intermittently pressing the brake pedal, then you can not be zealous with training - in extreme situation with a fright, you will press the brakes as it should.

If you have a habit of intermittently pressing the brake pedal, for example, you moved from a more a simple car, then you will have to try. It will be necessary to unlearn the initial skill and learn how to press the brakes with a constant effort without releasing the pedal.

Exercising in a car without ABS

Having accelerated and sharply pressing the brake, try to get rid of the reflex to press the pedal with all your strength, and at the first sign of wheel lock, practice intermittent shock pedal pressing. You can consolidate such a skill with any more or less sharp braking, not even a real road.

On the court, also practice different methods and compare the difference in deceleration when using different methods.

If there is ice under the wheels, then at low speed try to practice braking while turning the steering wheel (avoiding an obstacle). Compare the difference in car handling when skid braking.

Whether your car is equipped with electronic assistants or not, in any case, you should not forget that the length of the braking distance, first of all, depends on the speed of movement and the condition of the road surface. Moreover, a wet coating increases the braking distance by about 1.5 times, rolled snow or ice by 3-5 times (!).

In any case, a safe distance, speed and timely danger forecast should be above all!

Reconnaissance in combat. Some tricks of experienced drivers.

At times, usually in winter, it becomes necessary to make sure on the go how well the wheels cling to the road.

most faithful and reliable way- when driving in a straight line at a relatively low speed, press the brake pedal and feel the moment the wheels start to lock (ABS actuation). I think it is unnecessary to remind you of the need to look in the rear-view mirror beforehand and make sure that such braking is safe.

Usually at the first frost, this is the fastest way to determine if the road is wet under the wheels or a thin layer of water has turned into ice. And this is possible already at a temperature +3ºС overboard. Bridges and flyovers are the first to freeze, they are above the ground and are better ventilated, so they cool faster.

With such simple training (preferably starting on the site), you can develop a sense of grip on wheels with various surfaces and, along the way, train your eye in determining the necessary distances to stop from various speeds. So to speak, gain experience. But do not forget about security measures.

Try not to brake hard on the lines road markings, because you can slip and beware of freshly laid asphalt. A thin bituminous film on its surface will "lubricate" any braking.

Suddenly activated ABS or, worse, squealing of the wheels when braking - this is a signal that you made a mistake in assessing the grip of the wheels with the road. For an experienced driver, there are practically no such surprises, as well as sharp braking in other matters.

I wish you less unexpected situations on the road!

In winter, every driver should change the aggressive driving style to a more calm and gentle one.

Even experienced riders should be careful on the roads to avoid collision with other cars. This rule also applies to drivers driving a car with ABS (anti-lock braking system).

How ABS works

On an icy road (as well as after rain), braking becomes a problem for drivers. If you apply the brakes hard, the wheels will lock up and the car will begin to slide. As an addition - the lack of control over the machine. The wheels are locked, which means that turning and maneuvering will not work. And if on a normal road it threatens only with a collision with an obstacle ahead or standing, then skidding is inevitable on a slippery surface.

ABS is a blocking system. It works only during hard braking and removes the lock from the wheels. This allows you to control the car and safely move it away from obstacles. But in order for the system to work, two conditions must be met simultaneously:

1. Pressed brake pedal.
2. At least one blocked wheel.

Under these conditions, ABS is activated, which slightly lowers the brake pads, while maintaining vehicle controllability.

But the system also has disadvantages that should be considered:

• Reduced system performance on rough roads with potholes and stones, which leads to an increase in the braking distance of the car. This is due to the fact that when the wheel clings to a stone and bounces, at that moment the ABS is activated. And when the wheel returns to the road, the grip increases, and the braking force is already reduced. Therefore, it is recommended to overcome such obstacles at a reduced speed.
• The system is able to recognize the type of coverage, but does not change to mixed roads. For example, if the car first hits ice, then asphalt, and then a puddle, then the system will work as if there is ice everywhere. This reduces the efficiency of the ABS.
• Reduced efficiency of the system on road sections covered with snow.
• The ABS stops working when the speed drops below 5 km/h. And if the car is on a slippery slope, on which the car is steadily rolling down, it will be impossible to slow down. In this case, you will have to look for another way of braking - handbrake or neutral speed on automatic transmission.

But the most main disadvantage system is an over-reliance on it. Remember that ABS is a function of auto, which, like any program, tends to go astray and break. Trust your driving instincts above all and always have a backup emergency braking plan with you. And never speed on slippery roads.

How to brake properly with ABS?

The technique of emergency braking of a car with and without ABS is different. If your car does not have a wheel unlock system, then on a slippery surface you need to quickly, quickly press the brake pedal to stop. You can not press the brake to the floor - so you will lose control of the car.

But with installed system emergency braking technology is different. You need to gently press the brake pedal (and clutch, if any) to the stop and hold until it comes to a complete stop. And keep a few things in mind:

• During emergency braking, you will hear a crunch - this is normal, this is how ABS works. There is no need to be afraid of this sound and, moreover, you must not release the brake pedal.
• Do not release the gas pedal until it comes to a complete stop. Even if the speed of the car has dropped a lot, wait for the car to brake, after which you can loosen the pressure.
• Control the car. Remember that ABS makes it possible to steer the car, not to go in one direction. Try to avoid collision with other vehicles.
• Trust, first of all, yourself and your intuition. Do not forget that the system can fail at the most inopportune moment.
• Before turning, start braking 20-30 meters away, slowly pressing the brake pedal. At the intersection, the system will provide a smooth maneuver without skidding.

Also remember the basic rules for driving in winter:

• Distance between vehicles should be as wide as possible. Do not count on ABS to shorten the stopping distance. This may not happen, resulting in a collision with another road user.
• Do not exceed the speed limit, especially on slippery roads and in bad weather. It is better to arrive at your destination a little late than not to arrive at all.
• Pay close attention to the situation on the road, do not be distracted. Many ignore the danger by speeding, resulting in a skid. Be prepared for any situation and plan ahead.
• Change tires promptly. In winter summer tires driving is very dangerous.

Watch the road and be especially careful in the winter season!

The cause of road troubles in winter is the deterioration of the adhesion of the wheels of the car to the road surface. The grip of the wheels with the road surface is characterized by a coefficient of adhesion, which ranges from 0.6-0.8.

The minimum allowable friction coefficient is 0.4 - this is according to traffic safety conditions. Under the influence of meteorological conditions, road surfaces lose their qualities, and the coefficient of adhesion decreases to dangerous limits.

The stopping distance can increase by 3-4 times depending on the condition of the road surface.

One of the main mistakes drivers make when driving on wet, snowy or icy roads is choosing the wrong speed.

The most important thing here is to learn how to identify a road that is dangerous for traffic and change the mode and tactics of control in a timely manner.

Of course, slippery sections of the road should be avoided if possible, try to go around them or use special driving techniques.

How can road conditions be determined?

When you go out on a slippery road, try to determine the degree of its “slipperiness” as soon as possible. You can use several methods for this:

• visually;
• braking;
• change in fuel supply;
• depressing the accelerator pedal.

Hardly pressing the brake pedal, it is not always possible to assess how dangerous the road is, but a person with normal vision will almost always see a slippery surface.

Also, in some cases, you can check the adhesion of the wheels to the road by sharply pressing the accelerator (gas) pedal. If the drive wheels break into a slip, then the road is quite slippery, and when driving on it, the following recommendations should be followed:

• Continue driving at a reduced speed, thus increasing the vehicle's margin of safety. It is necessary because on such a road much more room is needed for maneuvering and a complete stop. Also, be especially careful when approaching bridges or overpasses. On such sections of the road, the ice cover appears earlier than in other places, and disappears later. In such areas, sudden movements of the steering wheel, braking, and regassing should be avoided.

• Try to keep the speed constant, use the gas pedal carefully and gently, without unnecessary movements. Reduce speed before turns and intersections in advance for the following reasons: firstly, there is a threat of a collision with another vehicle, the driver of which, moving in the intersecting direction, did not calculate the speed and lost control; secondly, the surface of the road in front of the intersection can be especially hard due to the constant braking of cars.

How to brake safely on icewhat to do if you need to brake urgently on ice?

Beginners, as a rule, press the brake pedal all the way, while the wheels instantly lock to the skid, and the car not only successfully slides on ice, like on skates, but also does not obey the steering wheel. Therefore, it is impossible to slow down on the skid.

Foreign cars recent years releases are increasingly equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS). It works like this: if during the braking process any wheel becomes blocked, then the sensor will immediately note a change in its angular velocity.

The computer issues a command to release the wheel to prevent further blocking. Sometimes this happens at a speed of 10115 times per second, the brake pedal "trembles" under the foot. As a result, ABS allows the driver to maintain control over the car.

And yet this system should not be overestimated, since the effectiveness of braking depends not so much on it, but on the coefficient of adhesion.

Therefore, do not neglect tires according to the season. Some experienced drivers turn off the ABS, which is more necessary for beginners. It is not recommended to do this: experience can fail.

For an emergency stop on a slippery road There are three braking methods that can be used:

• engine braking;
• intermittent;
• stepped braking.

Brake engine recommended in this sequence: reset the fuel supply without disengaging the clutch, depress the clutch, shift into a low gear and engage the clutch again.

The car will increase speed and will gradually slow down. In this case, you can smoothly slow down the service brake system. Such total braking very effectively creates a braking force no less than the pads.

At intermittent braking the driver strongly presses the brake pedal, and then, on the verge of skidding, instantly releases it. If the wheels are blocked at the same time, then they still have time to spin up and gain traction.

After skidding or skidding stops, you should repeat pressing the brake pedal, but a little weaker - this prevents the wheels from locking. With this method of braking, the driver is more attentive, each time pressing the pedal.

Such braking techniques do not allow the wheels to constantly slide, so the stopping distance of the car will be much shorter. It is worth noting that with this method of braking, you need to turn the steering wheel only at the “released” stage, when the brake pedal is not pressed and the wheels rotate freely.

And remember: brake - steering wheel - brake - steering wheel - the most effective method stopping on slippery surfaces combined with simultaneous avoidance of danger in a critical situation. Thus, the driver has full control of the car, simultaneously making the necessary maneuvers and at the same time braking.

Step braking - this is the best way for experienced drivers. It differs from intermittent only in that when the brake is released, the pedal is released not completely, but partially. The foot is on the pedal all the time, ready to release the pressure a little while blocking the wheels, in order to then apply the brakes. This is a thin robot, but it will become available after training in safe areas.

On ice, engine braking is preferred , since a blocked (non-rolling) wheel on ice is uncontrollable. Rolling - even with partial slippage - provides some minimum controllability, the car obeys the steering wheel.

Safety on slippery turns.

When cornering, a lateral force acts on the car, tending to move it away from the turn. The higher the speed and the steeper the turn, the greater it is. Turns are especially dangerous on slippery roads, so in this case it is best to reduce the speed to a minimum and in no case brake sharply.

To prevent skidding, the driver must observe following rules:

• move on the road at a minimum speed that ensures safety;
• when turning and exiting the carriageway, turn the steering wheel very smoothly;
• avoid braking on turns and curves;
• when stopping the car, reduce the speed to the minimum in advance, and then brake gently.

The reason for skidding may be the different condition of the road under the wheels of the front and rear axles or its slope. Usually some wheels are blocked before others. There is a skid and a skid of the car. It should also be remembered that it is easiest to deal with a skid that has begun at its initial stage, since the side slip speed is still low and the car has not deviated so far from its trajectory.

If the car skids , follow the following rules of conduct:

• Never slow down. This will only exacerbate the drift. And although an unknown force irresistibly pulls the foot to the brake, you must resist, otherwise the car will go out of control.
• Do not depress the clutch pedal - this is as useless as, say, pressing the cigarette lighter button when skidding.
• Do not throw the gas pedal sharply, as this will also aggravate the skid. If the car is rear-wheel drive, then when signs of a skid appear, it is necessary to gradually reduce the engine speed. In the case of front-wheel drive, on the contrary, it is better to increase the speed, so the traction force on the steered wheels will allow you to “pull” the car out of a skid.
• Turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. Rear end the car went to the left, the steering wheel should also be turned there, and vice versa. This movement must be brought to automatism, so that, if necessary, it can be performed without jerks, but quickly.

Note that the front wheels always point in the direction of travel. An extra turn of the steering wheel in a panic may not "calm down", but even more loosen the car. Therefore, the steering wheel must be turned quickly and in moderation.

What to do on the ascent or descent in ice?

When climbing slippery slopes, select the appropriate gear and speed in advance so as not to change them on the slope itself. At front wheel drive vehicles sometimes it happens that the front wheels on a slippery slope begin to slip; in such cases, you can try to take the rise in reverse sometimes it works.

On icy descents, brake with the engine, turning on second gear at the top. If in this case you press the brake, the car will turn into a sled. The same thing can happen with a sharp turn of the steering wheel: if the car was driving straight, so it will go further.

To improve your position on slippery roads, you can increase the grip of your tires on the road. For this, special Winter tires, studded tires and snow chains.

So, summarizing all of the above, when driving on a slippery road, all movements on an icy road should be smoother than on a dry one. Avoid sharp turns, hard braking, sudden gear changes.

Smooth, soft, measured driving gives it greater stability, reduces the likelihood of skidding, which always exists on slippery surfaces.

Winter driving rules much more demanding and significantly different from similar rules in summer season. You will have to temporarily forget about the convenient function of cruise control, learn to control the skid of the car in order to avoid an accident. When driving onto the ice, you need to understand that the car will be practically uncontrollable like a sleigh rolling down the mountain, which cannot be immediately stopped or quickly changed direction.

Winter driving rules

Winter driving is associated with a number of dangerous situations, such as sleet or snow drifts. When braking or accelerating on ice, even experienced driver may lose control of the vehicle. In addition, in winter, due to snowfall or fog, the depth of perception of the distance decreases, which makes it difficult to choose in advance safe distance in front of the vehicle in front.

When you find yourself in dangerous situation the natural reaction is to apply the brake faster. If there is ice on the road, then be sure that the wheels will lock up and the car will go into a skid. To avoid this, it is important to know how to brake properly in winter on mechanics. You should smoothly release the gas pedal without turning off the speed and the car will slow down by itself. To reduce speed more quickly, successively shift the gearshift lever to lower gears until a stop.

In general, when there is ice on the street, it is better to drive more slowly than usual and try to increase the distance to the car in front. The distance between your car and the car in front should be tripled at least. Then there is enough braking distance to stop safely, even on slippery surfaces. If you need to stop urgently, then you can not do without the brake pedal. To prevent possible skidding, press it gently.

When driving on snow or ice, machines equipped with a manual transmission have their advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of "mechanics" are greater control over the car.

disadvantage manual transmission on a slippery road is problematic overcoming uphill climbs. Need to possess great experience driving to make the car go downhill on a slippery road.

The strategy is to avoid routes with steep climbs, but this is not always possible. If you need to stop on a slope, park the car on the right or left side of the road, where there is not compacted snow. loose snow will provide more grip than rolled. If you need to start moving, then turn on the second gear. The wheels will turn slower and provide more torque.

Due to its structure, ice, under certain conditions, seems dark and becomes hardly visible to the eye. It is formed when snow melts, the water from which freezes and is usually found under bridges, overpasses, in shady places. When driving on a highway in the shade of trees, its appearance can be predicted by areas resembling fresh asphalt or by spots that are usually located near a water drain. The ice formed in these places is indistinguishable in color from the road surface.

When the wheels hit the dark ice, they begin to slip. The best solution is to immediately take your foot off the gas pedal. A feature of driving a car with front-wheel drive during skidding in this case is to turn the steering wheel in the direction you want to move. After regaining traction with the road, gently press the gas.

Cruise control - handy feature, but can be very dangerous if used on snowy or icy roads. The included cruise control does not allow the driver to control the speed of the car on their own. To turn it off, you usually press the brake pedal. But the problem is that pressing the pedal can send the car into an uncontrollable skid. For maximum control over the car, it is better not to use this option.

Modern car models are equipped with a seemingly endless array of technical assistants, such as radar for detecting pedestrians, cross-system for measuring distance, etc. All of these features are designed to eliminate human error and give a false sense of driving safety. When driving in inclement weather, don't rely on electronics instead practice proper driving techniques.

If a snowstorm caught you with a car in the middle of the track, then you should only rely on yourself. Most likely, other drivers also found themselves in a similar situation, and will not be able to help. It may happen that in conditions of low temperature you will stay for a couple of hours. So get ready.

Overcoming considerable distances with you, it is always necessary to have a basic survival kit. The kit should include water, food (bars of nuts, dried fruits), a first aid kit, gloves, a blanket, tools, a shovel, a flashlight and Charger for cell phone.

If you are stuck in a snowfall and your car is in one place, the most important thing is to make sure that exhaust pipe cleared of snow. If this is not done, then when the engine is running, carbon monoxide (CO) will enter the interior of the car. The pipe should be checked quite often to make sure that nothing is obstructing the removal of exhaust gases.

If snow falls, move it towards the highway so that you can pass when the path is cleared.

The best thing a driver can do to improve proper winter driving skills is to find an empty parking lot and put the theory to the test. After picking up a little speed, driving through snow and ice, apply the brakes to see what happens to the car, and at the same time check your reaction time. Repeating the steps described above many times is worth the time spent, because. help avoid dangerous situations.

Do not forget to prepare your car for the cold season in time. Proper Maintenance auto in winter period will also contribute to your safety.

In order to drive a car professionally, you need a lot of knowledge, experience and skills. Among other things, one should highlight such a nuance as engine braking. What is it and how to slow down on the "mechanics"? All this later in our article.

As we know, the most unexpected situations can happen on the road. Therefore, during the movement you need to be prepared for anything. In particular, the braking system of the vehicle must not be excessively loaded. It concerns brake disc(drum) and pads. Why can't these elements be heated? Everything is very simple. From the lessons of physics, we know that during friction, the parts heat up; Specifically, in our case, that surface of the pads, which is called the friction material, can simply stick (tightly solder) to the disc. As a result, the car becomes uncontrollable, it leads to a skid. That is why in mountainous areas and serpentines it is important to learn how to slow down on the "mechanics".

The essence of this technology is very simple - instead of slowing down the wheels with the help of pad friction, we slow down the engine itself, while the entire braking system is in a calm state. That is, the motor slows down "in gear", respectively, the forces transmitted to the wheels will no longer be as large as before. This application of the brakes makes the trip not only comfortable, but also safe.

First of all, the use of this method of braking increases the stability of the vehicle against skidding, since the wheels are not blocked by blocks using brake system. For this reason, most professional drivers recommend using it in the most dangerous situations. Also, the use of transmission allows you to increase the resource of the pads. And, most importantly, the disk (or drum) itself does not heat up when the speed decreases. And this means that the risk of brake failure (which often happens when driving on mountainous sections of the road) is reduced to zero.

Use cases this method there are about ten. But the most common of them are only two. So, let's look at how to properly brake on the "mechanics".

The process of reducing the speed of the engine occurs in several stages:

• The driver releases the gas. The pedals on the “mechanics” are arranged so that the accelerator and brake are controlled by the right foot, and the clutch by the left.
• The clutch engages a downshift. Depending on the speed, it can be 4th or 3rd speed.
• When the tachometer needle and speed begin to drop noticeably, second or third gear is engaged. This is done only when the driver feels that braking on the “mechanics” no longer gives the desired effect (the car drives like it is coasting).
• Similarly, the whole process occurs before the inclusion of the first gear. How to stop on "mechanics"? The very same stop is performed when using the brake system (when the vehicle speed is 5-10 or less kilometers per hour).

It is important to remember that wrong selection transmission can ruin the engine. Most often, when the speeds do not match, the car "pecks" with its nose, and the tachometer needle is at its maximum maximum values. This is a great discomfort for both the driver and the car itself.

Using this method for the first time, you can not guess exactly which gear should be included. In order not to overload crankshaft, try to "play" with the clutch, that is, as you move, gently press or release it. Also, when turning on the reduced speed, you can increase the engine speed by pressing the gas pedal with your foot. This will significantly reduce jerk and smooth out the braking effect, making it smoother.

Remember that for each speed limit has its own transmission. At a speed of more than 70 kilometers per hour, in no case should you start from the third (if you have a “five-step”). If you turn on a lower speed (for example, shift to “second” at 60 kilometers per hour), the wheels will immediately lose traction and will spontaneously scroll. And this threatens to get the car into a skid. Remember that revolutions from 3.5 thousand are extremely high for gasoline ICEs. That is, the car will slow down more than when you press the brake pedal to the floor.

When using this method of speed reduction, it is important to pay attention to a few rules. First, you should always pay attention to engine speed. For gasoline ICEs, 2.5 thousand is the very moment at which you need to switch to a lower speed. When the tachometer needle shows 1 thousand revolutions on the scale, we squeeze the clutch and go to next gear. It is best to follow in order - first 4th, then 3rd, 2nd and then - the first speed. Secondly, effective braking is achieved not with the use of one gear, but with subsequent switching to lower gears. Thirdly, the inclusion of other speeds is accompanied by a slight overgassing. This action reduces the load on the gearbox and clutch disc, and also prevents jerks when driving.

Every motorist knows how much the behavior of the car changes on slippery area roads. The quality of adhesion to the roadway and wheels under such conditions is reduced several times. Accordingly, the risk of falling into a skid is very high. Therefore, in order to avoid frequent accidents, all imported cars since the mid-2000s, they have been equipped ABS system. But even she sometimes turns out to be inactive on the ice. Therefore, every driver must be able to properly handle the car, driving on icy conditions.

The main rule for using the engine braking effect is to downshift according to the speed of the car. And here, unlike dry asphalt pavement, any error and mismatch of transmission engine speed can become fatal. Therefore, if you want to learn how to brake on the “mechanics” in winter, remember that the gears must always be switched on in sequence. So the car will slow down smoothly and confidently. In this case, we will not affect the wheels and block them with the help of the brake system.

It also happens that the use of a lower gear cannot be used for one reason or another (for example, if you need to urgently stop the car). In this case, you need to use the brake pedal only intermittently. That is, gently press it and release it after 1-3 seconds. Then wait another 2 seconds and press again. So the car will not go into a skid either on ice or on dry pavement. But on mountain slopes, you should still use the transmission.

It should be noted that when using the principle of engine braking, the machine will not have excessive fuel consumption. It will remain the same as when using the brake pedal. And all because during the speed reduction we do not affect the accelerator, respectively, the level of fuel supply to the cylinders remains zero. This continues until we need to accelerate again.

But there are cases when for greater fuel economy it is better to use the effect of "rolling". Its essence lies in the fact that the engine is idling for some time, and the gearshift lever itself is in the neutral position. Rollover is best used on long descents or before traffic lights when you don't need to slow down quickly.

As practice shows, the use of coasting significantly affects fuel consumption from a positive point of view. So, if a car consumes up to 10 liters of fuel per 1 kilometer of the way, then when driving in neutral, this figure will be 1 liter per 15 kilometers, which is 1.5 times less than what is laid down by the manufacturer.

Movement on neutral gear It is strictly forbidden in mountainous areas, that is, when the car goes down the serpentines. In this case, it will quickly pick up speed, which can only be slowed down by strongly depressing the brake pedal. If you do this several times in a row, you can easily burn the brake system.

Then, when you next press the pedal, the car will not stop, but will pick up even more of an already frantic speed.

According to the rules for such unfortunate motorists, special catching "dead ends" are provided (such can be seen on the Crimean roads). Therefore, so that your brakes do not suddenly fail, never use coasting when driving on serpentines - always brake with the engine, switching to lower gears.

We have already found out how to properly brake on the "mechanics", now about whether this method is safe for the engine itself. In fact, the use of this effect is absolutely harmless to the engine, gearbox and all other components of the car. Increasing the RPM for a few seconds has never caused overhaul engine. Therefore, you should not believe people who claim that engine braking aggravates the operation of the machine and all its mechanisms. The main thing is to follow the sequence of all actions.

So, we figured out how to brake the engine on the "mechanics". Remember that this method significantly reduces the risk of the car entering a skid, so try to use it as often as possible. If you know how to properly brake on the "mechanics", your level of car ownership becomes an order of magnitude more professional.