Quite often, vehicle owners ask themselves the question: is it possible to put different tires in front and behind or on axles, and how this affects safety during operation auto vehicle? Is it legal in Russia to put different tires on the wheels of a car? What penalties are provided in the Russian Federation for different tires on the axles of the car?
Different tires on axles
Tires with different tread patterns are strictly forbidden to be installed on one side. Legislation Russian Federation not allowed to install different tires on axes, as referred to in article 12.5; clause 5.5 of the Rules traffic". This is considered an illegal act, for which the driver may be
issued a fine. The amount of the fine is given in this article below ...
Skidding a car due to different tires on the axles If the tread pattern is not the same, then the tire will have different properties, respectively, will vary significantly speed parameters and braking performance. In this case, the degree of safety will be greatly reduced, and the driver and passengers of the car will be at increased risk.
Imagine that you have a dry tire on one wheel and a wet tire on the other. On wet track one wheel will have stable contact with the road surface, while the other will not, so it will go into a skid. Because of this, the car can also go into a skid, that is, the people in it can also suffer.
To maintain control of the car in a straight line and in turns, the wheels are most important. rear suspension. For this reason, tires with better (and therefore higher) tread should be installed on rear axle. This principle should be used both in summer and winter.
Different tires front and rear
The existing legislation in Russia does not prohibit driving a vehicle with different tires on the rear and front wheels.
But in this case, the most important role is given to the issue of security. The legislation of Russia does not prohibit the installation of different tires on the front and different tires on the rear axle of the vehicle! At the same time, it is important to remember that it is not allowed to use and operate a different rubber tread on the same vehicle axle (front or rear)! The front and rear of the car must have tires with similar treads. Here, an example with rubber for dry and wet road. On the wet pavement one axle will hold steady while the other will skid.
Quite often, our compatriots combined on their own vehicles summer tires with winter. This is only allowed for rear wheel drive car because the weight is evenly distributed in it. And in a front-wheel drive car, this is not recommended, since in it almost all the weight is concentrated in front.
To avoid the occurrence emergencies, experts advise installing the same tires on all wheels. If on the front and rear wheels car installed different rubber, this can lead to negative results.
Differences in tire parameters, outer diameter or tread height can affect the behavior of the car. Under certain conditions, adhesion may occur and abnormal work ABS systems and ESP. Especially on wet pavement when the differences between tire grip become much more noticeable. Negative aspects of driving different types tires will increase when the difference is related to the season for which they were intended (summer/winter).
Fines for different tires
For drivers who do not adhere to the rules of the road, neglect personal safety and pose a threat to others, the state has developed special system restrictions and penalties. The fines for installing different tires on the axles of the car are set by the traffic police in the form of 500 rubles. The traffic police officer is obliged to warn you about the need to replace the rubber with the same tread. Time intervals are not limited, if the owner of the vehicle chooses to continue driving the car with different tires on the axles, at the next stop the driver will be again fined 500 rubles.
The tire tread of a passenger car can hardly be attributed to those nuances that an ordinary car enthusiast pays attention to. In most situations, buying new tires is accompanied by looking at brands and reading tests, but rarely does it occur to a car driver to think about the role of tread pattern and its impact on tire performance.
In practice, the situation is such that it is the tread pattern and its depth, coupled with the composition rubber compound are the main factors that ensure operational properties tires.
And it is for this reason that when tires wear out, abrasion of the tread layer leads to the fact that the tire becomes unusable. What type of tread is better in a given situation and how to determine tire wear - we will talk about this in this material.
What is tire tread
The tread is multidirectional grooves of various depths located on the outer surface of the tire at the points of its contact with the roadway. The task of the tire tread of a passenger car or truck serves to drain fluid from the contact patch of the tire and the roadway during rain, as well as providing the most the best performance"sticking" of the wheel to the canvas.
Many of you must have noticed that racing cars Formula 1 tires do not have a tread - their role is performed only by longitudinal grooves applied to their surface. However, more attentive viewers clearly noticed the fact that in the event of unplanned rain after the pit stops, the cars get tires of a different configuration, where the tread is already clearly expressed.
This eloquently indicates that it is he who performs the main function of water disposal during driving, preventing the occurrence of the effect of aquaplaning, when a water layer appears between the wheel and the road, which can lead to loss of control and even demolition of the car from the trajectory.
Video - how the hydroplaning effect occurs:
The video eloquently shows why it is important to take this seriously:
A large role is given to the tread on winter tires. Here it plays the main role, ensuring the removal of snow porridge and dirt from the contact patch and ensuring control efficiency. Together with the composition of the rubber compound from which the tire is made, it guarantees the stability of the car, and in the case of non-studded tires plays a major role in ensuring handling and overall consumer characteristics.
Residual height of tire tread pattern according to traffic rules
Every motorist knows the fact that during operation the tire wears out, and its working properties deteriorate. This is due to the fact that the depth of the tread grooves becomes smaller, and therefore they cease to cope with the functions assigned to them.
Rules of the road (appendix LIST OF FAULTS AND CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH OPERATION OF VEHICLES IS FORBIDDEN) clearly regulate the residual value of the tread depth for cars and motorcycles, under which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited.
The requirements of the Rules are clearly visible from the table, according to which it is easy to understand how much more the residual tread depth should be:
|
Residual tread depth (no wear indicators) |
|
|
L - mopeds, motorcycles, quadricycles, etc. |
0.8 mm |
|
N2, N3, O3, O4 - trucks with a license maximum weight over 3.5 tons and trailers with a maximum authorized mass over 3.5 tons |
1 mm |
|
M1, N1, O1, O2 - passenger cars, trucks with a maximum authorized mass of up to 3.5 tons, trailers with a maximum authorized mass of up to 3.5 tons |
1.6mm |
|
M2, M3 - buses |
2 mm |
|
*Residual tread depth of winter tires designed for use on icy or snowy road surfaces, marked with a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, as well as marked with the signs "M+S", "M&S", "M S" |
4 mm |
It is forbidden to use tires with even one wear indicator that has appeared, if such indicators are used on your tires.
For winter tires residual height the tread should be more than 4 millimeters due to the fact that such tires are much more demanding on the severity of the tread pattern.
It is forbidden to put tires with different tread patterns on the same axle, since such a combination can seriously impair handling and make the car move unpredictably in the event of an axle skid or drift.
What types of drawing are
Conventionally, there are two main types of tread pattern - symmetrical and asymmetric. The first type, in turn, is divided into directional and non-directional types.
The directional tread has a pattern (often resembling a herringbone pattern), which, with its sharp end, is directed towards the rolling direction of the tire. A non-directional pattern implies a ladder arrangement of grooves that are symmetrical with respect to each other, but do not have a pronounced direction to one of the sides. The asymmetric pattern offers different groove arrangements for the outer and inner (located closer to the car) parts of the tire.
Video about directional and non-directional tire tread patterns:
Speaking about these varieties, it is extremely difficult to single out which type of tread pattern is better in terms of consumer properties. It is believed that the directional tread type better removes moisture from the contact patch, and therefore it is more common on winter non-studded tires, and the asymmetric pattern allows for better handling.
And therefore it is not surprising that expensive tire With non-directional pattern may well demonstrate in tests top scores than cheap Korean or domestic version with directional grooves. Much more important here is how carefully the engineers modeled the pattern in a particular model and ensured the overall performance of the tire.
How is it measured
Measuring the tread height of a tire is easy. You can do this with the help of special tools, and improvised means.
First and most effective way is to use a caliper or a special ruler with a depth gauge. This measurement gives the most accurate result.
A simple option is to measure with an ordinary coin, which is inserted into the slot, and pinched from the end of the tread with a finger, after which the depth is measured using a ruler. The accuracy of such a measurement, of course, is significantly lower, but if there is nothing to measure the tread depth, this method will fit perfectly.
It should be remembered that the measurement of the residual tread depth should be carried out not in one, but in several places on the tire. It is important to remember that the tread depth closer to the center will be higher than at the edges.
How to determine the degree of tire wear if there are indicators on them:
If the depth indicators in all places are approximately the same, then this means that wear occurs evenly. In the case of irregularities during measurement, there is a high probability of violation of the wheel alignment or other technical faults vehicle capable of causing accelerated wear tires. In this case, it makes sense to address this problem before installing a new tire set.
Tread depth of new summer and winter tires
The tread depth of new summer and winter tires is regulated, first of all, by the manufacturer's internal requirements for a particular tire model.
This is due to the fact that developers optimize the depth parameter according to operational parameters and the composition of the rubber compound, using a computer, calculating in advance optimal parameters for the best drainage performance from the contact patch.
However, there is a general criterion for the tread depth of new tires - winter options get deeper grooves than summer sipes, and durable sipes are designed to ensure reliable cutting of the snow cover and provide the best traction characteristics.
Deep tread is also used on off-road tires. In particular, the tread pattern of new tires for crossovers is much more pronounced than that of “car” variations, and for purebred “off-road” tires (for example, for the well-known Goodrich), the tread generally has a clearly defined structure and considerable depth for better off-road performance. viscous soil (in mud and clay).
Video - an overview of summer tires for SUVs:
In addition, the self-cleaning function of the tread from dirt is important for such tires, because, otherwise, when driving on soft soils, such tires will quickly “blush”, losing their grip properties.
What to look for when choosing and buying new tires
Today's tire selection is from various manufacturers very extensive. New tires are sold both directly in tire fitting centers or specialized stores, and on Internet sites. In particular, you can buy tires at www.kamtex.ru or in other online stores, but you should familiarize yourself with the assortment in advance and choose the tire model that suits you according to the main consumer criteria.
When choosing a tire, you should be guided by the following considerations.
Consider the requirements for car tires and wheels for 2018. They are regulated by Appendix No. 1 to the SDA "List of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited", paragraph 5.
To begin with, let us recall the requirements for the residual tread height according to the traffic rules for 2019:
5.1. The remaining depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more than:
for vehicles of categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.
The remaining tread depth of winter tires intended for operation on icy or snowy road surfaces, marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, as well as marked with signs "M+S", "M&S", "M S" (if absence of wear indicators), during operation on the specified coating is no more than 4 mm.
Note. The designation of the vehicle category in this paragraph is established in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to technical regulations on the safety of wheeled vehicles, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 10, 2009 N 720.
Let's represent the above conditions in the form of a simple table.
In addition to the residual tread height, there are other restrictions on tires that can be used:
5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, ruptures), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, delamination of the tread and sidewall.
5.3. There is no mounting bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disk and wheel rims, there are visible violations of the shape and size of the mounting holes.
5.4. Tires by size or permissible load do not match the vehicle model.
5.5. Tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and retreaded, new and with a deep tread pattern are installed on one axle of the vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with studded and non-studded tires.
Considering the above requirements, you can answer frequently asked questions about tires:
Can tires with repaired side cuts and bumps be used?
Yes, as long as the specified damage does not expose the cord and has not caused the tread and sidewall to peel off.
Is it possible to drive a car if there is no wheel nut or bolt?
Do not drive with missing wheel fasteners.
Is it possible to install non-standard tire sizes for this car model?
Installation of tire dimensions not provided by the manufacturer is not allowed.
Can tires with different tread or different dimensions be installed on the same axle?
It is impossible according to clause 5.5 of Appendix 1 to the traffic rules of the Russian Federation.
Can studded and non-studded tires be installed on different axles at the same time?
It is possible, clause 5.5 does not prohibit this.
Is it possible to install winter and summer tires at the same time on different axles of the car according to traffic rules?
It is impossible to use studded and non-studded tires at the same time, this contradicts clause 5.5 of the List of malfunctions in which the operation of vehicles is prohibited. On different axles it is allowed to use non-studded winter and summer tires, for example, on the front axle - winter Velcro, on the back - summer tires.
Penalty for tires with a violation of the tread depth, a fine for different tires, cuts and "bumps"
A fine for violation of the above requirements for car tires is imposed under Art. 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
Article 12.5. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation: Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited, or a vehicle on which the identification mark "Disabled" is illegally installed
1. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the Admission of Vehicles to Operation and Responsibilities officials to ensure road safety, the operation of a vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2 - 7 of this article, -
entails a warning or imposition administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles.
Motorists are constantly experimenting with their cars. Sometimes it happens for reasons of economy, sometimes just out of curiosity. Craftsmen are trying in every possible way to change their car. Changes that did not bring bad consequences get used to the people, and other motorists use the so-called innovations with joy and interest, without paying attention special attention.
Different tires front and rear - one of the ways to save on your own safety
We are constantly trying to shed light on certain controversial issues that relate to safe operation car. Very frequently asked question, which many motorists ask, is it possible to put different tires in front and behind? We are given an answer to this question, but a significant part of motorists are irresponsible in studying all the little things prescribed in the traffic rules. Today we will try to fully deal with issues related to the fact that different tires are installed on the car in front and behind. It should be noted right away that saving on security will not lead to anything good.
Different tires on axles
Installing tires with different tread patterns on one side is strictly prohibited. This prohibition is valid not only for reasons of personal safety of the driver. If there are different tires on the axles, this is. This is stated in article 12.5; clause 5.5 of the Rules of the Road. The fact is that with an unequal tread pattern, the tire has dissimilar properties.
Significantly different speed indicators and characteristics during the implementation of the braking process. It is not strange that the Law strictly prohibits the installation of unequal tires on axles. The driver may receive a fine for different tires on the axles - these actions are illegal. In this case, the level of safety is significantly reduced, which endangers the driver and passengers of the car. Imagine that one wheel has a wet tire and the other has a dry tire. When the track becomes wet, one wheel will have stable contact with the road, and the second will go into a skid. As a result of this and what will entail bad consequences both for the car and for the people in it.
Different tires front and rear
Now let's move on to considering the possibility of installing unequal tires front and rear. Current legislation does not prohibit driving a car with different tires on the front and rear wheels. However, here important role plays . Front and rear tire treads should be similar in parameters. Here, too, we can give an example with tires for wet and dry pavement. In rainy weather, one axle will be stable on the track, while the other will go into a skid.
Domestic motorists often combined winter tires with summer. This tandem is only possible on rear wheel drive car. In it, the weight is evenly distributed, but in a car that has front-wheel drive, this option is unacceptable, because in such cars almost all the weight is in front. Experts recommend putting the same tires on all wheels to avoid the occurrence. If installed on the machine different tires on wheels - this is fraught with consequences.
Fines for uneven tires
For drivers who neglect their own safety, there is a system of restrictions and investigations by the state. If, when inspecting a vehicle, a traffic police inspector finds that the car has different tires, or rather, on the same axle, he can issue a fine under current legislation. The amount of the fine is five hundred rubles. This is a minor penalty, but it exists, and fines are intended to punish motorists who do not comply with traffic rules and are a danger to themselves and others.
Different tires on the same axle - a fine of 500 rubles
Outcome
We tried to deal with the question of whether it is possible to put different tires on a car. If the tires are not the same on the same axle, the driver may be fined. Installation security level different tires decreases significantly. If the tires on the car are different front and rear, then the law does not provide for a fine for this, but this directly affects the safety of the driver and passengers. Do not save on your own health, which may suffer as a result of improper operation. Not adhering to the rules of the road, a motorist can harm not only himself and his car, but also those around him.
