As on any car, there is also a gearshift mechanism on the VAZ 2110. The VAZ box is a five-speed one, it is activated by a lever located in the passenger compartment.
In order to be able to fix problems on your own, you need to understand a little about how exactly the switching mechanism works, which is why there are cases when some speed does not turn on or crashes. And also know how to fix it on your own.
- to ensure gear shifting, there is an input shaft in the gearbox, consisting of a block of gears. They constantly engage with the drive gears from the first to the fifth speed (that is, those that have a forward direction);
- the secondary shaft is equipped with the drive gear of the main gear, it also has gear synchronizers that ensure the driven gears move forward. There are also bearings plus an oil sump;
- differential VAZovsky two-satellite, with a driven gear of the main gear attached to the flange of its box;
- the gearbox drive consists of a gearshift knob, ball bearing, selection rod, traction, gear selection mechanisms, as well as gear shifting;
- jet thrust is designed to protect the gearbox from the fact that the transmission takes off. Its ends are attached to the support and the power unit.
How speeds are chosen
A separate important gearbox assembly is the gear selection mechanism. It has a special speed selection lever, as well as two brackets for blocking. One arm of the selection lever turns on the forward stroke, the second serves to turn on the rear.
Adjustment
On the VAZ 2110, there are not so rare cases when the gears turn on badly, or they are knocked out. Especially for this, a mechanism for adjusting the drive for selecting speeds is provided.
Adjustment may be needed if:
- the box was recently removed for repair;
- one of the gears crashes;
- speeds turn on badly or they simply knock out when the car is moving.
If you have one of these problems, try adjusting first. Her sequence:
- Under the bottom of the VAZ 2110, find and slightly loosen the nut on the bolt that tightens the clamp that secures the rod designed to control the gearbox;
- Slightly push the grooves of the end of the rod with a screwdriver and the gap formed on the clamp itself. This is necessary to ensure easy movement of the rod in relation to the gear selection rod. Put the rod in the neutral position;
- Release the shift knob from the cover in the cabin;
- Set the lever according to a special template. This is done as follows: install the template in the window of the lining of the rear speed lock bracket. After that, insert the stop of the lever axis into the groove of the template, pressing it without too much effort in the transverse direction;
- Then adjust the axial play of the rod in the rear direction, and its axial play by turning to the left;
- Install the clamp without reaching a few millimeters to the end of the rod. Then carefully tighten the clamp with a bolt.
Repair
If the described adjustment did not help you, you need to remove and disassemble the VAZ 2110 gearbox. Pay special attention to the fact that it often knocks out the gears that turn on the first and second speeds. Be sure to check each fixer.
They are made in the form of springs, there are three of them. The first latch is long, it is responsible for the first and second gears. The second - the average, for the third - the fourth gear. For the fifth, the shortest retainer is used.
CAT diseases
Often there is a complaint from the owners of the VAZ 2110 that the first speed turns on with difficulty or crashes.
Possible reasons:
- often the synchronizer is to blame;
- perhaps the latch spring has burst, the lever is loose, the speeds are turned on as they want;
- the stem and fork may need to be replaced.
Another complaint is that the second gear does not turn on well, it often knocks it out.
Here you can suspect the main culprits:
- the second one flies out most often because the gear teeth do not mesh well with the clutch, which turns on the speeds;
- the tips of the gear teeth and the clutch are already worn out, so the speed does not turn on well. If you do not intervene, it will soon take off;
- as an option, when it knocks out on bumps, the clutch dies.
Sometimes (albeit rarely) from the fact that the second one does not turn on well enough and flies out, replacing the fixing spring helps. If the speeds often fly out, some of them turn on with difficulty, then half measures will no longer help - the box needs to be overhauled.
You will carry it out yourself, or go to a service where they will repair you, as well as adjust the gearshift mechanism, decide on your own, based on your own experience and skill.
- a rather complex vehicle assembly that requires appropriate attention and high-quality diagnostics. If there are malfunctions in the operation of the gearbox, driving a car becomes not only uncomfortable, but also unsafe.
To date, the main problem associated with a malfunction of the gearbox is poor gear shifting (gears). It should be noted that more often this applies to used cars, although on new cars in the budget segment, problems of this kind are also no exception.
Read in this article
Gears turn on poorly: the main causes and breakdowns of the gearbox
As a rule, errors during the operation of the unit lead to violations in the operation of the box. In any case, diagnosis is necessary. In this case, problems that arise when switching the gearbox may be associated with such malfunctions:
Gears turn on tight or do not turn on speeds on a manual gearbox: the main causes of malfunction and possible malfunctions.
The clarity of gear shifting and the operation of the entire shift mechanism often worries owners of cars with a manual gearbox. A common problem is that after starting the engine, one or more gears are engaged with great effort or not completely, there is no way to turn on the speed, extraneous noises are heard at the moment of switching on, extra vibrations appear, etc.
Such malfunctions appear unexpectedly, and also difficulties in shifting gears can increase gradually. Speeds may turn on poorly “cold” and / or “hot”. It is noteworthy that often the gears in the manual transmission on the muffled engine switch normally.
Read in this article
Poor gears on a running engine: possible causes
At the very beginning, it should be noted that the inability to engage the gear with the engine not running may indicate a serious gearbox malfunction, which consists in the failure of the synchronizers. The second reason may be wear or breakage of the gears. It is also possible to jam the units and mechanisms responsible for the transfer of force from the lever in the cabin to the gearbox when choosing a gear.
In order to accurately establish the causes, in the first case it will be necessary to remove the box for disassembly and subsequent troubleshooting, in the second it is necessary to identify and replace broken components. In some cases, it is enough to carry out their prevention: removal, lubrication and careful tuning.
As for the problem switching when the internal combustion engine is running, then the following are noted in the list of the most common malfunctions:
- lack of gear oil in the gearbox;
- problems with the clutch mechanism;
Low oil level in the gearbox
Insufficient amount of oil in the box makes the process of gear shifting extremely difficult, but the gears should turn on. With such a switch, a metallic crunch is heard, the box, when driving in the engaged gear, begins to make a lot of noise and “howl”.
A complete lack of lubrication in the gearbox will not allow shifting gears, since without oil the synchronizers will not be able to work properly, and the gears in the box will not mesh.
Any manifestation of these symptoms requires the immediate cessation of operation of the vehicle and checking the level of transmission oil in the gearbox. It is also necessary to inspect the gearbox for damage to the housing, oil leaks through the seals and gaskets.
It should be noted that for the manual transmission of many cars, the oil in the box from the factory is filled for the entire service life. In practice, replacement is recommended every 60-80 km. run.
Clutch malfunctions
Simply put, the clutch is a mechanism that serves to transfer the torque of the internal combustion engine to the transmission, and also opens the engine and transmission in order to be able to change gear. Failure of individual components of this assembly can make it impossible to shift gears with the engine running.
Brake fluid leaks
The design of many modern cars assumes that brake fluid is the working fluid for the clutch. If there is not enough fluid in the clutch hydraulic system, then the clutch will not fully engage.
Gears in this case will turn on tightly or not turn on at all. For an initial check, you should look at the fluid level in the tank. If the level is low, it is necessary to check for leaks, repair defects and pump the clutch.
In the event that the fluid level is normal and no other reasons have been identified, it will be necessary to remove the gearbox to inspect the clutch elements. Usually, when you try to turn on the speed and break down this mechanism, no loud grinding metal sounds are heard from the gearbox itself.
Gears may not turn on or turn on incompletely if the malfunction is related to the clutch basket. It could also be a throwout bearing. In the event that the indicated bearing does not move freely along the input shaft or is jammed, then a replacement part is necessary.
It must be added separately that the primary sign of problems with the clutch release is the appearance of a rustle or a distinct hum on a running car. Noises appear only at the moment when the clutch pedal is pressed to the floor. Such extraneous sounds can be present both on a cold car and on a warm one. After releasing the clutch pedal, the noise should disappear. A jammed clutch release will not allow the clutch to engage, which complicates gear shifting, and can also lead to rapid wear and destruction of other elements of the clutch mechanism.
Basket malfunctions are often associated with critical wear of the petals. Wear means that the basket ceases to perform its functions with heat. An increase in temperature leads to the fact that by means of the clutch basket it is not possible to fully retract the pressure plate. The result is a very difficult gear change after a slight warm-up of the engine.
After removing the box, it is necessary to inspect the basket for deformation, signs of overheating and other defects. If found, the element must be replaced.
Another reason that the gears do not turn on with the car running or turn on with effort may be a worn clutch disc.
After parsing, it is necessary to inspect the friction linings on the disk. They should not be critically worn, burnt or damaged, and disk deformation is also not allowed. Additionally, during the inspection of the clutch, a check of the diaphragm springs is required. After replacing the failed clutch elements, the box must be well centered during subsequent assembly, and the clutch must be pumped.
Read also
RPM and engine life. Disadvantages of driving at low and high speeds. What is the best RPM for the engine? Councils and recommendations.
One of the most common used on cars, including the VAZ brand, is mechanical. Although many modern cars already include an automatic gearshift device in the design. But they refuse to use it.
After all, VAZ, like any other brand of car, is very reliable, unpretentious and requires a minimum of maintenance. It is able to withstand significant loads without any harm to itself. The proof of this is the frequent use of this type of gearboxes on cars participating in various competitions.
But no matter how reliable and simple the “mechanics” is, troubles also happen to it. One of these malfunctions is the first and reverse gears are poorly engaged. And foreign cars are no exception.
But in order to understand why the first gear is switched on poorly, you need to first disassemble the design of this type of gearbox.
Transmission device
So, the gearbox scheme is quite simple.
There is a housing attached to the clutch housing. In this case there are three shafts - driving, driven and intermediate. The peculiarity of the arrangement of the shafts is such that the driving and driven shafts are on the same axis, and the driven shaft enters the driving shaft at one of its ends. Below them is an intermediate shaft.
On each of the shafts there are gears of different diameters and with a different number of teeth, while some of these gears mounted on the driven shaft can move along it.
Principle of operation
The working scheme of the gearbox is as follows. The drive shaft receives rotation from the clutch disc and transfers it to the intermediate one. If the neutral speed is on on the box, there is no engagement of the gears of the intermediate shaft with the driven one, the car is immobilized, since rotation is not transmitted.
When you turn on any gear, the driver engages the gear of the driven element with a certain intermediate gear. And the rotation begins to be transmitted from the driven shaft to the wheels. The car starts moving.
The necessary gears are engaged by a control unit consisting of three sliders and forks. Each of the forks is dressed on a special groove of the element. That is, the driver, using the gearshift lever and through a special backstage, acts on a certain slider, moving it to one side. In this case, the fork on the slider pushes the gear, and it engages. The change in gear shift speed is influenced by the engagement of gears of different sizes and number of teeth.
To prevent the slider with the fork from returning to its original position, the box control unit is equipped with latches. The latter are spring-loaded balls that enter the grooves on the sliders. That is, there are grooves on the slider in certain places.
When moved to the desired position, the ball detent jumps into the groove, excluding the return of the slider. When shifting speed, the driver must apply more pressure to the slider than the detent spring force in order for the ball to pop out.
This is a simplified description of the design and operation of a mechanical transmission.
Typically, classical models work according to this scheme. On some cars, the scheme may be somewhat different, but the essence of the work is the same - a slider with a fork acts on the gear.
In some cars in the gearbox, the slider responsible for turning on the first speed also ensures that the reverse is turned on. They also have such that the first and reverse gears turn on badly. Of course, this breakdown cannot be ignored.
On other gearboxes, the first speed and the rear are separated and different sliders are responsible for switching them on. In such cars, problems with turning on the first speed may not be reflected in turning on the rear.
There are several options why the first gear turns on badly. It also depends on how the cause manifests itself - it is impossible to turn it on, while everything is accompanied by a metallic rattle from the side of the box, or the speed turns on, but immediately turns off on its own.
Poor switching due to slider
First, let's consider why the first gear turns on badly and the reason for this is the problem with the transmission.
Often the problem with turning on the speed lies in the latch and the slider. The appearance of a burr near the groove for the latch on the slider can easily interfere with the entry of the ball retainer into the groove. When moving the slider, the latch rests against this burr and cannot overcome it without significant effort on the part of the driver. In this case, the gears are very close, but they do not engage, and the teeth of one gear beat against another.
In the future, such a beating can lead to flaring of the teeth, and the impossibility of switching on will already be due to the fact that, due to this flaring, the teeth will no longer be able to engage.
Knocking out speed
If it turns on, but immediately turns off, then the latch may be stuck in the depressed position, so it no longer does its job. It is also possible the destruction of the spring, which presses the ball detent. Without the force of the spring, he will not be able to hold the slider in position.
If a significant amount of force is applied during gear shifting, the shift fork may bend.
If this happens, then the gears will no longer fully engage, and the slider itself will not reach the stop, which will prevent the latch from entering the groove.
The reason for poor inclusion may also be the incorrect installation of the backstage of the gear knob. In this case, the link does not bring the gear to full engagement.
Troubleshooting the checkpoint
Troubleshooting is done by removing it from the car, disassembling, troubleshooting parts, if it is found that some of them are very worn out. Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the sliders and clamps. If burrs are noticed on the sliders, they must be removed with a file. You also need to check the condition of the springs and retainer balls. The springs must be intact, and the latch should move without problems in its seat. If necessary, worn or damaged elements must be replaced.
You should also carefully inspect the inclusion forks for bending. Even slight bending can affect the ease of shifting.
After assembly, the shift adjustment must also be performed. To be precise, the position of the backstage is set.
Clutch malfunctions
Often the reason why the first gear turns on poorly is not the box itself, but the clutch.
Modern transmission gears are equipped with synchronizers that equalize the speed of rotation of the gears, providing ease of engagement.
However, the first speed is not equipped with a synchronizer. If the clutch "leads", then when the pedal is depressed, its complete cessation of the transmission of torque from the motor to the gearbox is not performed.
Because of this, there is a difference in the rotation of the shafts and gears of the first gear, in particular.
In this case, it is rather difficult to engage them, and all attempts to do this are accompanied by a strong metallic rattle.
It is possible that the reverse speed will also not turn on, or it will be difficult to turn on. At the same time, if it was possible to still turn on the gear, the car starts to move even with the clutch pedal fully depressed. An additional sign of clutch problems is that the car jerks when changing gears, especially if some of them are not equipped with synchromesh.
How to check the clutch?
Pointing at and not boxes can help the auto engine. If, when the engine is turned off, all speeds turn on easily, no problems arise, and when the engine is running, the first and reverse gears turn on poorly, or it cannot be turned on at all - you should pay attention to the clutch.
The reason that the clutch "leads" is often its incorrect adjustment.
The release bearing is too far from the release diaphragm or cams. When the pedal is depressed, this bearing is not able to completely squeeze the drive disc from the driven one, and the torque continues to be transmitted. Significant wear can also affect the operation of the clutch, due to which it began to “lead”.
Clutch adjustment and repair
The first thing to do in case of clutch problems is to make an adjustment.
On different cars, it is done in different ways, but all operations come down to one thing - installing the release bearing at the required distance from the diaphragm or cams.
If the adjustment did not help, then you will have to dismantle the clutch from the car, carry out troubleshooting and replace worn elements. Sometimes, over time, wear and tear of all the components of the system. In this case, the clutch is completely replaced - the drive and driven discs, the release bearing.
Conclusion
The above are the main reasons why it is difficult to shift gears on a car. Although, as stated at the beginning, if a manual transmission is very reliable, then more often than not the clutch is to blame for poor engagement, and not the box itself.
Most often, the owners of nines complain that the VAZ 2109 does not turn on the speed or there is a crunch during turning on and moving back. First of all, analyze what you have recently changed in the box or clutch. Then remember the moment of occurrence of deviations from the usual mode of operation. Check the oil level.
Causes of gearbox failure
The complex mechanism is constantly working under load and under extreme conditions. Constant vibration, rising temperatures, dust and dirt. If one or more speeds fail to turn on, check:
- tension and integrity of the cable;
- backstage mount;
- production on the clutch disc;
- petals on a basket;
- bearing integrity;
- fork condition.
Clutch
When the clutch discs are worn, the pedal lifts up, and its position becomes higher than the rest. In this case, when turned on, a crunch may be heard and the lever does not move, as if resting on an obstacle. Do not force the assembly, as this can lead to more serious damage - the gears will fly.
For such wear, it is characteristic that the clutch pedal falls into the floor and you can hear from the drivers that the VAZ 2109 does not turn on the speed. This usually applies to all gears, but only first and reverse can fail.
You can check by removing the rubber plug. From the destroyed disc, fibers are left that look like tangled strands of hair. If this phenomenon occurs, then a new clutch disc should be installed.
Cable
From constant loads, the cable is stretched and it must be periodically adjusted, tightened. In this case, the first and second speeds do not turn on on the VAZ 21093, and the rear one may also fail. To eliminate the breakdown, you need to call into the pit and tighten the cable. If worn, replace immediately. You can do this with your own hands.
Such a breakdown can also manifest itself in the failure of the gears to turn on when the engine is running. Sliding along the slots is limited and fixation does not occur.
Basket
The reason for the difficult shifting of individual gears, especially if a crackling sound is heard at the same time, gradually fading away during movement, may be the destruction of the gasket ring in the basket. Pay attention to the presence of oil drops on the outside. Then remove the basket and check the o-ring and disc petals. Pay attention when buying new parts, because on some models the disc is missing and then you have to put pins and mount it yourself.
backstage
A loose link must be tightened with an assistant. Special knowledge and skills are not required from him, just the ability to hold the lever in the desired position while you climb under the car and tighten the bolts. When the wings are loosened on the VAZ 2109, speeds do not turn on, and first of all, the rear.
Park the machine on a pit or hill to gain access to the bottom. Set the lever to neutral if multi-speed does not engage. When only the reverse gear does not work, then carry out the adjustment on it. The assistant must hold the shift knob in a predetermined position, without deviating anywhere.
It is necessary to loosen the bolt from below by 13, check the engagement of the gears, and having put everything in place, tighten the bolt. If there is a problem with several gears, everything is done the same way, but it is set to neutral, or rather the shift knob is in the middle position. How to do this, you can watch the video.
Fork
Most often fails on the road. It is necessary to slow down at a traffic light, and the speeds to continue moving do not turn on. A crack formed on the body of the fork at any time can lead to its destruction even under slight loads.
First speed is not fixed
During the start of movement from a standstill at first speed, especially from difficult ground such as sand and snow, you have to hold the gear lever, since it does not hold on its own, the gear is switched off to neutral. There can be three reasons for this failure:
- the link is loose and does not fix the fork;
- gear and clutch wear;
- displacement of the engine on the pillows and knocking out the box.
You should fully check the condition of the fasteners of all parts and assemblies. The gearbox is rigidly fixed to the engine. However, when the motor slips on the pillows, the first speed can be knocked out. Tighten all bolts and check the rigidity of the mounting on the body. You can do this work yourself.
Fasten the link more rigidly on the shift lever, select the backlash, because it is she who is responsible for fixing the lever in the desired position. To do this, you need to put the car in a pit. Open the lid and inspect. Pay special attention to the condition of the gearing.
When worn, the gears can slip and pop out without transmitting torque. When you press the lever with your hand, the clutch fits forcibly and engagement occurs.
New box
There are problems when they took the car from the service station, and the VAZ 21093 gearbox does not turn on the speed. At the same time, when the engine is not running, the shift lever moves smoothly, without crackling. As soon as the car is started, the gears stop turning on. First of all, check the movement of the gear and fork along the splines - along the axis of the shaft. Since you opened the box, pay attention to the position of the driven disk, whether it was installed correctly.
If malfunctions are found shortly after servicing the car at the service, you should not bother with it yourself. Send your car back and let the locksmith find and fix their jambs themselves. Remember that you do not have to pay for reworking poor-quality repairs.
VAZ 2109 reverse speed does not turn on
The location of the rear speed in the extreme position most often leads to its refusal to turn on. Since several models have exactly the same boxes, the VAZ 21093 does not turn on reverse speed for the same reason. It may be a short lever and the link is missing to the desired position.
It is enough to look at the photo of the gearbox from below to determine the cause. Repairs should be carried out on the pit, since everything will have to be done from below. You need to loosen the wings. Engage gears in reverse gear and tighten bolt. The lever should be in the reverse gear position.
1st gear won't engage while driving
Often, when the first speed is turned on while the car is moving, it wedges and does not work. There are no problems when starting from a place. Some "specialists" even put forward the theory that you only need to start moving from first gear, and you should not use it during maneuvers.
This problem occurs due to the fact that the injectors do not have time to equalize the torque of the gears, and the driver forcibly tries to connect them. The flywheel spins much faster than the drive shaft and teeth can fly out if the force is large.
Do not rush to press the lever. Shift it into neutral, push lightly into first gear, and wait for the synchronisers to do their job and shift into gear.
For old boxes there is an instruction for switching with regassing. When downshifting while driving, move the stick to neutral, step on the gas to increase the RPM, and then shift smoothly. This method is used by owners of preserved vintage cars, the price of which has recently increased dramatically.
