In order for the tread to perform its protective function, ensuring safety on the road, responding to the need for emergency braking, you should monitor its condition. Moreover, what should be the tire tread, traffic rules are determined strictly. It is worth studying the list of requirements, and it does not matter if you are a novice driver or already with experience. Since January 1, 2015 there have been changes in the Rules traffic, and you should definitely check them out.
Which tire tread is unsuitable for use
Another reason for uneven tire wear is aggressive driving with frequent emergency braking, with regular and thoughtless pressing the gas pedal to failure. The tire will suffer from abrupt start and braking. As a result, you will get rapid wear tires, their damage, and this forces car owners to make unforeseen financial expenses for tire retreading with their own hands or under the guidance and control of specialists.
If the inspector pays attention to a damaged tire, then he assesses the degree of uneven wear of its pattern, taking into account several sections, understands the extent of their damage, summarizes the area and issues a resolution whether the tire is serviceable and whether the driver violates traffic rules.
If a car with an “overdue” tire wear indicator is stopped by an inspector, then a fine to the driver vehicle will be assigned in the amount of 500 rubles. It should be noted that in 2017 they plan to increase the rate of punishment by 4 times. The reason for the punishment is clear to everyone - it is not permissible to operate a "bald" tire tread, the traffic rules interpret the driver's behavior as threatening the safety of all road users.
The inspector has the right to make a remark to the driver if he notices the improper condition of the tires, especially in winter period.
- Different tire models. The "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Wheeled Vehicles" clearly states that it is prohibited to install tires on one axle of a vehicle if they are of different sizes. It is forbidden to violate the design of the product: they must be either chambered or tubeless. Also, only the same tire tread is allowed, traffic rules do not allow different patterns.
Tire tread depth standards
If you pay attention to the content of the fundamental documents and provisions of the traffic rules, then you can determine for yourself a number of operating standards that are attributed to rubber, that is, what should be the tire tread, allowable height his.
- For motorcycles, mopeds, ATVs, which are designated by category L, a residual tread depth of 0.8 mm is determined.
- For trucks with a permitted weight of more than 3.5 tons and also with possible trailers that go under categories N, O, a residual tread depth of 1 mm is determined.
- For cars, trucks with a permitted weight of up to 3.5 tons, going under the conditional categories M1, N1, O1, O2, the residual tread depth is determined in the amount of 1.6 mm.
- For buses, which from January 1, 2015 are designated in the document with the code M2, M3, a residual tread depth of 2 mm is determined.
- For winter tires marked M or S, a residual tread depth of 4 mm is determined.
In situations where the tire tread approaches the limits allowable norms, you should already think about buying new kit rubber or it is better to choose tire retreading with your own hands or with the help of trusted specialists.
Tire requirements in Russia
Having become acquainted with normative document titled "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Wheeled Vehicles", you will understand what requirements are imposed on tires and wheels in the Russian Federation, you should especially pay attention to the changes made on January 1, 2015.
- All installed wheels must have a clear tire tread, traffic rules provide for marking with the Russian conformity mark.
- All inscriptions containing information about the size, categories of the product must be applied to the rubber.
- The applied tire tread, the permissible height must be prescribed in the documents for the operation of the vehicle.
- The category of speed, load must correspond to the index of the bearing capacity of the product.
By carefully reading all the inscriptions on the tire, you will understand what kind of product is in front of you and whether it is worth buying it. During operation, tires are exposed to environment, contact with aggressive road surface daily. Depreciation passes rapidly if the machine is carelessly controlled, not sparing it, not taking into account its technical characteristics.
And after some period, you will need to restore the tire tread with your own hands or with the help of specialists. Painstaking work will be done, and success will depend on the quality of the tires being retreaded and the skill of the person who will take on such a difficult job.
Tire retreading Thus, the traffic rules clearly spell out the requirements for tire tread. It is recommended to follow them, otherwise you cannot avoid fines, and most importantly, driving a car can be unpredictable if the tires are bald. Be careful especially in the autumn-winter period, when low temperatures deterioration of adhesion to the road surface.
It would seem that a little more than a year has passed since the heated debate about the mandatory application seasonal tires on cars and fines for driving on summer tires in winter. Now many drivers are looking for information about the so-called law on winter tires, in accordance with which amendments are made to the traffic rules.
Although Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 588, amending the Rules of the Road regarding the use of tires from January 1, 2015, was adopted on July 15, 2013 (“ Russian newspaper"- the official website where you can read the text of the amendments introduced by this resolution No. 588).
IMPORTANT:Many drivers ask a question: there was a rumor that from December 1, 2017, those who did not change summer tires for winter. Is it so?
On this moment should be answered like this:
At the moment in State Duma The Russian Federation is considering a bill on the introduction of administrative fines in the amount of 2 thousand rubles for using car tires out of season. If it is promptly adopted as early as December 1, 2017, a driver who violates the rules for using seasonal tires may be fined.
But so far there are no grounds for bringing to administrative responsibility those drivers who did not have time to change their tires!
At the same time, I would like to advise car owners to show their experience and prudence: do not wait for a “command from above”, but “change shoes” on time - depending on climatic conditions your region.
Read more about the requirements for using tires by season.
We analyze the law on winter tires (which is the decision No. 588 and the technical regulation TR CU 018/2011)
Decree No. 588 itself does not say a word about the need for the mandatory use of seasonal tires. It only changes the conditions for admitting a vehicle to operation (the decree changes Appendix 5.1 to the main provisions for the admission of wheeled vehicles to operation from January 1, 2015).
The main innovation is the minimum tread depth for different types of tires on different vehicles in the absence of a factory wear indicator. When a wear indicator is provided on the tires, the fact of wear is established by it.
So, for passenger cars, the minimum tread depth of a summer tire is set at 1.6 mm.
However, the resolution introduced as the very concept of winter tires(marking "M + S", "M & S", "M S", as well as a pictogram in the form of a three-peak peak with a snowflake in the center), and the minimum tread depth for it is already 4 mm.
For other vehicles, the restrictions look like this:
- Motorcycles, mopeds, ATVs, etc. (category L) - 0.8 mm;
- Trucks, with a license maximum weight more than 3.5 tons (categories N2, N3, O3, O4) - 1 mm;
- Passenger cars (categories M1, N1, O1, O2) - 1.6 mm;
- Buses (categories M2, M3) - 2 mm.
In addition, the rubber should not be damaged - various side cuts, frayed to the cord or uneven wear. But the requirements for rims are a thing of the past - previously there should not have been cracks, traces of welding, damage, deformation of mounting holes, etc. on the rims.
Extract from the list of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited (Appendix No. 3 to the SDA of the Russian Federation), taking into account the amendments introduced from January 1, 2015:
5. Wheels and tires
5.1. The remaining depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more than:
for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.
Residual tread depth of winter tires intended for operation on icy or snowy pavement, marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, as well as marked with the signs "M + S", "M & S", "M S" (in the absence of wear indicators), during operation on the specified coating is no more than 4 mm.
Video - whether or not the Spikes sign was canceled, whether it needs to be glued in the fall of 2018:
Note. The designation of the vehicle category in this paragraph is established in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to the technical regulation on the safety of wheeled vehicles, approved by a government decree Russian Federation of September 10, 2009 N 720.
5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, ruptures), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, delamination of the tread and sidewall.
5.3. There is no mounting bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disk and wheel rims, there are visible violations of the shape and size of the mounting holes.
5.4. Tires by size or permissible load do not match the vehicle model.
5.5. Tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and retreaded, new and with a deep tread pattern are installed on one axle of the vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with studded and non-studded tires.
Tire Mismatch Penalty
The fine is set at 500 rubles (clause 1, article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).
Excerpt from the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation:
“Article 12.5. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited, or a vehicle on which the identification mark "Disabled" is illegally installed
1. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the Admission of Vehicles to Operation and Responsibilities officials to ensure road safety, the operation of the vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2 - 7 of this article - entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative a fine of five hundred rubles.»
It must be understood that this is not a fine for driving in winter on summer tires (or vice versa), but to a greater extent for the discrepancy between the tire tread depth and their standard values (until other amendments are made).
Tire seasonality
But in the document described above there is not a word about the seasonality of the rubber used, unless, of course, the very definition of winter tires is taken into account.
However, the requirements for the use of seasonal tires are really introduced from January 1, 2015 on the basis of the technical regulation of the Customs Union TR CU 018/2011 "On the safety of wheeled vehicles" ().
Excerpt from the regulation:
5.4. Tires with anti-skid studs, if used, must be fitted to all wheels of the vehicle.
5.5. It is forbidden to operate vehicles equipped with tires with anti-skid spikes during the summer period (June, July, August).
It is forbidden to operate vehicles that are not equipped with winter tires that meet the requirements of paragraph 5.6.3 of this annex during the winter period (December, January, February). Winter tires are installed on all wheels of the vehicle.
The terms of the prohibition of operation can be changed upwards by regional authorities government controlled Member States Customs Union.
5.6. A tire is considered unusable when:
5.6.1. The appearance of one wear indicator (a protrusion along the bottom of the groove of the treadmill, designed to visually determine the degree of wear, the depth of which corresponds to the minimum allowable depth of the tire tread pattern);
5.6.2. The remaining depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is not more than:
for vehicles of categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1.0 mm;
for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2.0 mm.
5.6.3. Residual tread depth of winter tires intended for use on icy or snowy road surfaces, marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it (Figure 5.1), as well as marked with the signs "M + S", "M&S", " M S "(in the absence of wear indicators) during operation on the specified coating - no more than 4.0 mm;
This regulation establishes the need to use:
- During the calendar winter (December-February inclusive) - winter tires;
- In summer (June-August inclusive) - summer tires;
- The rest of the time the tires used are not regulated.
Concepts all season tires, in the new regulation is simply not. However, they will be interpreted as summer in summer, and, accordingly, winter in winter.
But there are requirements, but there is no punishment for their non-fulfillment yet. Those. there is no penalty for driving in winter on summer tires (or vice versa) (yet).
What is this all for
Theoretically, legislators care about the safety of users road transport. The point is that, statistically, most traffic accidents associated with low-quality (worn out, out of season, etc.) rubber. Therefore, they are trying to restore order in this area.
However, in the end it turned out to be a rather mild innovation, which practically does not change the situation.
As for the destruction of the pavement by studded tires, the situation here is regulated through the rubber manufacturers themselves, where the factor of destruction of the pavement by studs is now regulated by standards. That's why the choice of studded or non-studded winter tires is up to the car owner.
Will there be a penalty for driving in winter on summer tires?
Considering that only half-measures have been taken, it should be assumed that in the future the requirements will be tightened. Already, news is coming from the State Duma of the Russian Federation that at the very soon a fine for driving in winter on summer tires in the amount of 2,000 rubles will be introduced. However, this bill is still being discussed and finalized, and when it will come into force is not yet known.
Difficulties in introduction are caused by different climatic zones, as well as the general unpredictability of the weather. It is also possible to introduce restrictions on the actual weather conditions. At the same time, it is not clear how to behave if the path is long, through many climatic zones. Carry an extra set of tires with you?
But while all this is not there, it is pointless to argue. In the meantime, it is important to monitor the condition of the tires themselves, depending on their type.
Is the driver required to use seasonal tires?
Funny (ha-ha!), it would seem, the question! After all, it is well known that the technical regulation of the Customs Union (TR CU 018/2011), which came into force on the territory of the Russian Federation, requires the use of winter tires in the winter period (from December to February), and summer tires in the summer (from June to August).
In addition, there is the possibility of expanding this chronological framework. For example, if you need a more detailed account of regional climatic features. (Well, really, how can Murmansk and Krasnodar, for example, be put in the same row? How can one demand the same terms for winter tires for fundamentally different climatic zones).
And here the most natural driver's question arises: "And how will they punish those who ignore this requirement of the technical regulations?". We will answer boldly: “Not yet!”. That is, there is a requirement, but failure to comply with it will not lead to sanctions (for example, a fine). What will happen next, we do not know. Well, for now? As they say, go for a walk!
Another Russian paradox?
Immediately make a reservation: there is nothing paradoxical in this! The practice of the Russian legal field has the following examples:
- "kenguryatniki" cannot be installed, and there are no fines for this;
- it is obligatory to stick the “Beginner driver” sign, but there is no responsibility for failure to comply with this requirement;
- the maximum speed of movement cannot be exceeded, but in reality it is possible by 20 km / h, etc., etc., etc.
Normal legal "collisions" and "gaps".
That is why the inspector's claim about the discrepancy between the "shoes" of your car and the notorious technical regulations can be culturally sent to ... this most paradoxical situation. Namely: the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation does not provide for punishment for violation of the norms of an international regulatory legal act - technical regulations.
And that's it! The conversation with the inspector can be completed with the following words: “Allow me, gr. Inspector, keep moving! Be healthy, you have more stars and shoulder straps in two gaps! (the last sentence is optional).
What are we, the drivers, worried about?
And yet the possibility of punishment associated with innovation is present. In the famous "List of faults ...", with which the operation of transport is prohibited, two adjustments were made - one insignificant and the second, on the contrary, important. And both changes affected only the first paragraph 5 of the section "List ...".
A minor change concerns the tread of summer tires. Now residual height The tread varies not by vehicle type - cars, trucks, etc. (as it was before), but by categories - L, M, N, O (in accordance with the notorious technical regulations).
For example, for cars (M1) and trucks with a GVW of not more than 3.5 tons (N1), the residual tread height should be at least 1.6 mm, for "real" trucks (N2, N3) - 1 mm, buses (M2, M3) - 2 mm, motorcycles and others like them (L) - 0.8 mm. As can be seen from the innovations, the form has changed, but not the content of the requirements.
But a significant innovation is the newly introduced requirements for winter tires. If the driver “changed” his car into winter tires with the appropriate marking (an abbreviation for “mud and snow” or an image of a three-peak mountain peak with a snowflake), then the minimum tread height must be no less than 4 mm. True, there is an option with special wear indicators that should not be subject to mechanical damage from operation.
In case of violation of the 4 mm residual height of the tread, the driver’s responsibility should come, provided for by the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - a fine of 500 rubles. But there is a big “BUT” here too…
Who will control and punish the violation of the notorious 4 millimeters?
Here is the question! Let's ask it differently: will the traffic police inspector be able to fine the driver if the residual height winter tread tires of his car is less than 4 mm? Of course, he cannot, because the inspector does not have special diagnostic equipment and the corresponding powers.
Only a diagnostic point that has the right to prevent the operation of a vehicle with such a tire malfunction will be able to prevent it. And then - only at the time of the passage of the periodic technical inspection. And who will punish? It turns out, no one? What a paradox!
It is quite possible that the situation will soon change, but at the moment it is the case in this way. And even if this norm is adjusted, then here the driver will have a chance to avoid liability.
The fact is that the insufficient residual height of the tire tread is a malfunction with which it is allowed to drive the vehicle to the place of repair or parking.
Therefore, a driver caught “red-handed” will always be able to fend off the inspector’s threats by going to a tire shop to replace a worn tire. There was a car in the garage, stood for itself, stood ... I decided to go, and the mice ate the tread. Direct road - to the tire service! Nobody took away this right from the driver.
We wanted the best, but it turned out ...
As always, there are more questions than answers: there are innovations, but the mechanism of their work is not spelled out and not regulated. Therefore, alarmed drivers can calmly exhale. But it doesn't seem to be for long.
And now about the serious. Is it worth the risk when driving on summer tires in winter, and on winter summer? Answer this question for yourself. And be careful, prudent and careful! Live in harmony with the road and be healthy!
How best to behave as a motorist
First of all, use common sense, which excludes driving on summer tires in winter and on winter tires in summer. In addition, the tires must not be damaged, as well as wheel disks.
Disks
Despite the fact that the items about rims have been removed from the regulations, they should not be underestimated. This one, apparently simple design directly affects security.
Cracks are unacceptable (as well as their repair by welding), because. the integrity of the power structure of the part is violated. At emergency braking the disk can simply fall apart with the corresponding consequences.
And violation of the geometry of the mounting holes leads to uneven wear tires, together with additional vibrations and instability of the tire contact patch with the coating.
Summer tires in winter and winter tires in summer
The need to use seasonal tires is obvious. However, often individual drivers do not listen to common sense. If driving in winter on summer tires is still scary for most drivers (because summer tires simply harden at low temperatures), then driving on winter tires in summer is not.
Video discussing whether compulsory use winter tires in winter:
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Throughout 2015, motorists discussed new bill how winter tires should be used. Whether the law was adopted or not, many drivers still do not know. That is why it is important to understand this issue. Moreover, the violation traffic rules entails the imposition of fines.
winter tire law
First of all, you should understand what kind of law it is about changing tires to winter and what are its main provisions. It is important to know that the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union, which was adopted on January 1, 2015, are called this way. It sets out the requirements for safe use transport.
From now on it is forbidden to use winter tires with studs in summer. And, on the contrary, in winter it was forbidden to ride summer wheels. At the same time, the legislation establishes the requirement that all wheels must be replaced at the same time.
However, the winter tire law also has a large number of shortcomings. One of the most significant is the fact that there are no articles in it that would impose requirements on tires used on freight transport as well as on buses.
In addition, it is not entirely clear how the compliance of rubber with the requirements specified in the law will be checked. Only the points of technical inspection have the corresponding powers. However, new vehicles are exempt from this obligation.
Why you should change your tires on time
When figuring out when to install winter tires according to the law, you need to understand why it is so important to comply with the requirements of this regulation. Main goal of development technical regulation is to improve road safety.
Late installation of winter tires can lead to whole line problems:
- increase in length stopping distance significantly increases the likelihood of accidents;
- a decrease in the speed of movement leads to the formation of congestion on the roads;
- the car is slipping, because they cannot overcome even not too steep slopes.
Rules for the operation of wheels
The Winter Tire Act establishes certain rules for the operation of tires:
- In summer, it is forbidden to use rubber that is equipped with spikes. The ban period is from June to August.
- In winter, starting from December and ending in February, you can not drive on cars that are not equipped with winter tires.
- All year round you can use a special non-studded rubber (the so-called Velcro). It must be appropriately marked with the letters M and S.
- Depending on the climate, local authorities have the right to change the terms of use different types rubber. You can change them only in a big way.
- Tread depth in winter time should be at least 4 mm, and in summer - 1.6 mm.
Types of winter tires
Usually there are two types of winter tires - with spikes and Velcro. Each of these types of tires has its own advantages and disadvantages.
The so-called Velcro are made of special quality rubber. It is very soft and heat resistant. This makes it possible to guarantee better grip with the road. Such tires can be said to stick to the road surface. They are best suited for use in regions with a mild climate, as well as in urban areas. However, the Velcro straps are longer than the Velcro. In addition, they perform worse on ice and snow.
Studded tires are considered the safest. They are great for extreme cold weather. At the same time, excellent grip of studded wheels with the road can significantly reduce the braking distance. Such tires perform well on icy roads, as well as on covered wet snow. Much worst performance for such wheels when operating on wet pavement. However, these wheels also have disadvantages. They are quite heavy and when moving on high speed they make a lot of noise. In addition, the spikes wear out very quickly, fuel consumption increases during their operation.
Service life of tires
Not only is it important, it is also important by law that the tread depth be required level. Therefore, you need to know how long you can use and how to increase the life of tires.
It is impossible to calculate how long the protector will become unusable. This can only be determined during use. Studded tires wear out the fastest. They can be used for no more than three seasons. Velcro can be used much longer. All season tires will last the longest. However, they should not be used under extreme weather conditions: In extreme heat or frost.
Thus, it is impossible to predict how long the tire will come into non-compliance with the law. However, there is a way to extend their useful life. To do this, you should not ride on wheels that are not appropriate for the season.
Tire Category Confirmation
As for the so-called all-season tires, there is no information in the law on how to certify such rubber. But manufacturers have found a way out - they issue two categories of certificates for the same tires at once. One confirms the possibility of their use in summer, the other - in winter.
All winter tires will soon have a special marking in the form of mountain ranges. Such a badge is an international confirmation that the tires are made of a special arctic rubber, which is designed for use at low temperatures.
What tires are outlawed?
It's no secret that studded car tires spoil the road surface. That is why they set standards on how many studs winter tires should contain. Russia supported this law.
The only difference is the number of spikes per linear meter. In Europe, this indicator is allowed at the level of 50. In Russia, it was increased by 10.
Thus, the manufacturer will have to prove compliance with the number of spikes established in the regulations. For this, a specialized test site is traditionally used. To determine if the tires meet the established standards, the car passes a certain section of the road 100 times at a speed of 100 km / h. After that, a strictly defined section of the road is weighed and the result is compared with the weight before the start of the test. If the result fits within the established standards, the tested tires meet the requirements.
To date, the rubber test procedure is widely used in European countries. However, there are no such testing laboratories in Russia.
As a result, it is not possible to check tires for compliance with standards. It turns out that in winter you can use almost any rubber with spikes.
When to change tires?
If you remember the rules for the operation of wheels established in regulatory enactments, the issue, according to the law, will be automatically removed. To avoid disagreements with the traffic police, this must be done before December 1. Back tires should be reinstalled by June 1st.
But do not forget about safety requirements. In accordance with them, it is not always expedient to administratively fixed time in which the transition to winter tires is carried out. The law indicates only recommended time limits, but common sense should be followed in life. Here are some tips for changing tires:
- Winter tires should be put on when the road has been covered with ice several times. It is not always advisable to change wheels for winter ones immediately after the first frosts, which occur in Russia even in September. Keeping a car on a slippery road is not easy. Therefore, do not delay too much with the replacement of summer tires with winter ones, waiting for the snow to completely cover the ground.
- Get rid of winter tires should not be in a hurry. You should wait for the moment when there is no ice on the road even at night.
Punishment for non-compliance with the requirements of the law
Those who do not comply with the law on winter tires will not be punished. The fact is that at the moment fines for untimely replacement covers do not exist.
However, the Code of Contraventions establishes that when using worn car tires The owner is threatened with:
- a warning from a traffic police officer;
- a fine of 500 rubles.
At the same time, the employee who detected the offense can choose from these options. In practice, the driver rarely manages to limit himself to a warning. Most often, traffic inspectors issue a receipt for payment of a fine. It can also encourage the car owner to meet the deadlines for changing winter/summer tires. The law is intended to raise the level
Thus, compliance with the new law on the use of winter tires will not only save you from paying fines. By listening to them, you can significantly improve road safety.
