The basis safe driving- this is a change of rubber on wheels according to the current season. This requirement is due to a huge number of factors. But sometimes in the summer you can meet a car on winter tires. There are practically no motives for such a decision, just some motorists want to easily solve the problem of updating wheels in this way. To understand whether it is possible to operate a car on winter tires in summer, you need to know how to distinguish winter tires from summer, as well as to understand the properties of both tires.
Winter tires in summer
Novice drivers who decide not to change Winter tires in the summer, they usually think that if the tire is quite capable of coping with snow or ice, then you can feel quite safe on it on dry or wet pavement. A car with winter tires can only seem safer in the summer. Risk factors for getting into an accident are often not the main ones in this case. Often this choice is made in order to save money. In this case, such savings will be only one-time.
In addition, many people drive on winter tires in the summer also because the tread on the tire is already very worn out and no longer performs its functions in winter time on ice or snow. The only acceptable option for operating such tires is driving on dry asphalt or soil. But even here everything is not so clear.
What is the difference between winter tires and summer tires
Experienced motorists know that winter tires are not effective on asphalt. For beginners, winter tires in the summer are a common thing. It is important here to know how to distinguish winter tires from summer tires, and also what is the difference between these types of tires.
Should provide the most stable coefficient of adhesion to the coating, regardless of various characteristics rolling on high speeds. Summer tires are characterized by an asymmetrical pattern - this affects the high sound insulation.
To clarify the situation, is it possible to use winter tires in summer, it is necessary to evaluate how this tire is suitable for driving on it in summer. On the tread there are "checkers" with a rather complex relief. It is thanks to them that the car can drive quite safely on winter snow and ice is a method of how to distinguish summer tires. Such elements are only on tires designed for winter. Also, safety is enhanced by various grooves, slots and branches - all this allows you to keep a good grip on snow or ice.
But how effective are these elements in the summer on winter tires? Efficiency is reduced to zero. "Checkers" can even interfere when driving on asphalt at high speeds - there is a serious risk of losing control of the car.
Rubber composition
How to distinguish winter tires from summer tires, what is the difference between these types of tires? Important factor the difference lies in the composition rubber compound. A tire specially made for winter conditions, is particularly soft. Due to this structure, the wheel successfully holds the car on winter road and in bad weather. But this quality can fully justify itself only in winter or during small thaws.
Professionals recommend using summer tires in all other periods. It has a different composition. Such a tire is characterized by greater rigidity, elasticity and wear resistance. In cold weather, summer tires will harden, which is why it is not worth exploiting in winter. Naturally, a very soft tire in summer is also not the best choice.
Winter tires in summer
The most striking difference in the use of summer and winter tires in summer appears on wet pavement. In addition, winter tires summer time can harm the driver at the time of emergency braking.
To better show how to distinguish winter tires from summer tires, you can do a little test - hydroplaning. On wet road after the rain with puddles and water flow on summer tires undesirable effects already appear at a speed of about 80 km/h. If winter is installed, then the same effect will be observed already at 70 km / h.
If testing is done emergency braking, then there is no doubt that in the summer winter tires completely inappropriate to use. stopping distance compared to summer wheels, will be more by 30% or more. This suggests that driving in summer on winter tires is very risky and unsafe.
Tires are the main link between the car and the road. The controllability of the car depends very much on how correctly they are selected and installed.
Tire types
Almost all modern car tires- tubeless (there is no chamber inside) and with a radial frame design.
In a radial tire, the threads in the carcass structure are parallel to each other, that is, they do not intersect as in a diagonal structure.
The tire tread can be: with directional, non-directional and with an asymmetric pattern.
The directional tread pattern allows you to quickly remove water from the contact patch of the tire with the road and significantly reduces the risk of wheel floating above the water (hydroplaning).
On tires with a directional pattern, there is always a marking in the form of an arrow with the inscription Rotation, which indicates right direction wheel rotation. These wheels must not be interchanged with right side machine to the left without dismantling the tire from the disk. If you install the tire incorrectly, then in the rain the car will “float” even at low speed.
The non-directional tread pattern does not require any specific setting as it is the most versatile. Such tires are the most affordable and, due to their versatility, are often installed on the factory conveyor.
Asymmetrical tires consist of two parts with a different pattern, that is right part- "rain", left - "dry". In such tires, the sidewall of the inner and outer side has different stiffness. Since the outer side has a lot of load (especially in corners), different stiffness allows the asymmetric tire to better grip the road.
Asymmetrical tires always have Outside and Inside (or Side Facing Out and Side Facing Inwards) markings that indicate the inside and outside of the tire. After correct installation only Outside or Side Facing Out should be visible. Asymmetric tires can be either directional or non-directional. non-directional pattern protector.
Low profile tires
For drivers who prefer dynamic style driving very popular low-profile tires. The profile height to width ratio (series) on such a tire does not exceed 55% (195/55, 205/50, 225/45, etc.)
Low profile tires improve the handling of the car due to greater traction. Allows you to shorten the braking distance and improve acceleration. But at the same time they have increased noise and rigidity and are more prone to hydroplaning.
In addition, such tires "like" only a flat road, since when hitting bumps, they significantly increase the risk of damage to the disc. High curbs and off-road with such tires are best avoided.
Puncture-free tires
Every year in the world the number of cars that are equipped with tires with technology is increasing. Run Flat(Run on Flat). Run Flat technology allows you to drive 100-150 km on a punctured tire. at speeds up to 80 km/h. These tires use a reinforced sidewall, which does not allow it to deform even with a complete loss of pressure.
Promotes the most new technology concern, which serially equips most of its models with this type of rubber, including models under the brand name.
Off road tires
Fans of frequent forays into serious off-road usually use off-road tires. Off-road tires are very different high profile rubber and a deep, sparse tread pattern. This allows the tire to bite better off-road and climb slopes.
But such tires are ill-suited to travel at high speeds on flat road, since the deep tread does not hold the road well and wears out quickly. In addition, the braking distance of the car is greatly increased.
Seasonal tires
One of the main differences between tires is their seasonality.
According to seasonality, tires are divided into: summer, winter and all-season. You and I do not wear sandals in winter and boots in summer, and our cars should not run on summer tires in winter and vice versa. It must be remembered that in winter, a car shod with even cheap winter tires will drive better than on the most expensive summer wheels.
The main task of a summer tire is to ensure maximum grip of the tire with the road, and, accordingly, traffic safety. Summer tires have high index speed and good wear resistance. But at air temperatures below +7 any summer tire begins to freeze (tan) and loses its grip properties. This leads to a significant increase stopping distance and poor controllability. This is where winter tires come to the rescue.
The composition of winter tires is softer and the tire does not “dube” in cold weather. The tread of a winter tire will feel much softer to the touch than a summer one. The main difference between winter tires is a large number of sipes - narrow slots in the tread pattern. Thanks to the lamellas, the wheel has good contact with the road even on snow and ice. But on dry pavement and at air temperatures above +9, winter tires begin to wear out very quickly. With the advent of spring, do not delay with changing shoes for summer tires.
In addition, there are also studded winter tires that are designed for harsh winters. But you need to use such tires, only really difficult conditions. Spikes are banned in many European countries because they damage the pavement. Moreover, modern expensive winter tires cope well with snow even without studs. In Ukraine, it makes sense to install studded tires only if you travel to snow-covered regions with uncleaned roads, for example, to the Carpathians.
On especially difficult snow-covered areas, snow tires can come to the rescue, which you need to have with you when traveling through the same Carpathians. Anti-skid chains are worn on wheels only to overcome a difficult section of the road at low speed (up to 40 km / h).
All-season tires are a compromise solution for countries with very mild winter conditions. Roughly speaking, such a tire has one half of the tread for winter and the other for summer. They are inferior in quality to both summer and winter tires.
Marking
P195/55 R15 84H- tire size
P- tire category for passenger cars.
195
- tire width in mm.
55
- tire series (the ratio of the height of the profile to its width, expressed as a percentage).
R- the radial construction of the tire (not the radius of the wheel!).
15
- landing diameter tires (disc diameter).
84
- Tire load index - symbol, which corresponds to a certain maximum load in kg. See tab.:
| 60
.......250 | 74
.......375 | 88
........560 | 102
........850 | 116
.......1250 |
| 61
.......257 | 75
.......387 | 89
........580 | 103
........875 | 117
.......1285 |
| 62
.......265 | 76
.......400 | 90
........600 | 104
........900 | 118
.......1320 |
| 63
.......272 | 77
.......412 | 91
........61 | 105
........925 | 119
.......1360 |
| 64
.......280 | 78
.......425 | 92
........630 | 106
........950 | 120
.......1400 |
| 65
.......290 | 79
.......437 | 93
........650 | 107
........975 | 121
.......1450 |
| 66
.......300 | 80
.......450 | 94
........670 | 108
.......1000 | 123
.......1500 |
| 67
.......307 | 81
.......462 | 95
........690 | 109
.......1030 | 124
.......1550 |
| 68
.......315 | 82
.......475 | 96
........710 | 110
.......1060 | 125
.......1600 |
| 69
.......325 | 83
.......487 | 97
........730 | 111
.......1090 | 126
.......1650 |
| 70
.......335 | 84
.......500 | 98
........750 | 112
.......1120 | 127
.......1700 |
| 71
.......345 | 85
.......515 | 99
........775 | 113
.......1150 | 128
.......1750 |
| 72
.......355 | 86
.......530 | 100
.......800 | 114
.......1180 | 129
.......1800 |
| 73
.......365 | 87
.......545 | 101
.......825 | 115
.......1215 | 130
.......1850 |
H- Index top speed- a symbol that corresponds to a certain maximum speed. See tab.:
Tire model- Pilot, Potenza.
Trademark- Toyo, Dunlop.
Trademark enterprises
The name of the country manufacturer
Date of manufacture- four digits in an oval, the first two digits are the week of manufacture, the next two are the year of manufacture (1808 = April 2008).
Conditional symbols on tires:
MAX PRESSURE(internal pressure index) - the maximum allowable pressure in the tire, in kPa.
MAX LOAD (maximum load) - values in kg.
REINFORCED- reinforced tire or tire with increased bearing capacity.
TUBE TIRE- tube tire.
TUBELESS- tubeless tyre.
REGROOVABLE- the possibility of deepening the tread pattern by cutting.
ALL STEEL- for tires with steel cord breaker and carcass.
RADIAL- tire of a radial design.
E- sign of official approval of the certificate of conformity with UNECE rules.
TWI, DSI or another symbol indicating the location of the wear indicators.
M&S(Mud + Snow - mud plus snow) - winter or all-season tires.
All Season - all season tire designed for year-round use.
rotation- a directional tire whose direction of rotation is indicated additional arrow(Do not confuse this arrow with the Dunlop tire logo).
outside And Inside(or Side Facing Out and Side Facing Inwards) - asymmetric tires, when installing which you must strictly follow the rule of installing a tire on a disk.
Left or Right- means that the tires of this model are left and right. When installing them, you must strictly follow the rule of installing a tire on a car, left - on the left, right - on the right.
RAIN, WATER, AQUA(or "umbrella" symbol) - means that these tires are specially designed for rainy weather and have a high degree hydroplaning protection.
E (circled)- the tire complies with European requirements ECE (Economic Commission for Europe)
DOT- Compliance with US safety standards.
Temperature A, B, C- heat resistance of the tire at high speed on the stand. (A is the best indicator).
Traction A, B, C- the ability of the tire to brake on a wet roadway (A is the best indicator).
Treadwear- wear resistance coefficient (factor 100 is approximately equal to 48 thousand kilometers)
Operation and storage of tires
Be sure to maintain the correct tire inflation pressure and check it every two weeks. The pressure must match the rate specified in the operating instructions for your car, and this rate is often duplicated on the inner cover of the gas tank flap. You need to check the pressure only in a "cold" tire, that is, before the trip, and not after it.
In addition, check appearance tires, there should be no cuts, bubbles (hernias), cracks on the sidewall of the tire. Watch the wear of the tread, its depth, according to the traffic rules, should be at least 1.6 mm. But it is advisable to change tires when the depth reaches 2 mm, and winter tires should be changed already at 4 mm.
Each has a wear indicator, which is a bridge between the tread grooves or numbers showing the remaining depth in mm. The place where this indicator is located is shown by the symbols "TWI", "DSI". At Michelin, the indicator indicates corporate emblem(Bibendum) or snowflake (on winter tires).
Tires should be stored in a cool (from +10 to +25C), dry and dark place. There should be no gasoline or any chemicals near them. After dismantling the tires, do not forget to write on the wheels the place of their installation (front right, rear left), so that later each wheel can be returned to its place.
Tires without rims should only be stored upright and should not be stacked or suspended. In addition, the tires need to be rotated a little about once a month so that the load point is not always in the same place.
Tires on rims must be stored in a suspended or horizontal (lying down) position, i.e. they must not be placed vertically.
The most ideal way to store tires is to turn them in to companies that offer a seasonal wheel storage service. There, the tires will be kept in a specially equipped room and stored in accordance with all the rules. It is convenient and practical.
Tough choice
Tire technology does not stand still. Even some 10 years ago, it would have been hard to imagine that even with a completely punctured tire, you can safely continue to move without really slowing down. Or that on winter non-studded tires you can move confidently enough on snow or ice.
A tire is simply a piece of rubber wrapped around a rim. This is a high-tech product, on the quality of which your life may depend.
Carefully choose new tires for your "iron" horse, since today there really is plenty to choose from. Be sure to follow the rules for installing and operating tires, do not neglect them seasonal change, and your wheels will hold onto the road with all their might.
Any motorist who has at least a little driving experience knows from his own experience how important it is to choose good tires. The quality and safety of the ride depends on it. In addition, in our country it is imperative to drive on tires that correspond to the season. Because of this, they are already fined. And the point is not that the traffic police must find fault with something, it just really creates a danger when the driver does not “change shoes” on the car, and not only for himself, but also for the other participants traffic. It is also very important to choose the right tires.
Does the brand affect the quality of tires?
If you study materials, articles that give advice on choosing tires for a car, you rarely find something about brands. The emphasis is not on them, but on other parameters, because this is really more important. But, the brand also matters, because different manufacturers can produce products of very different quality. And a well-known brand such as Hankook, Michelin, Pirelli, etc. is itself a guarantee of quality. Today you can buy high-quality and original tires via the Internet, if in your locality this is not possible, or they are expensive. For example, pick Hankook tires you can here http://www.e-katalog.ru/list/337/hankook, as well as use the delivery.
Why branded tires are better?
What is a brand? This trademark producing one product or another. IN this case are tires. If the manufacturer's products are of high quality, they will quickly gain popularity and be bought. If the brand is little known, it is either a newcomer or its products are not of such high quality. hyped and famous brands could not have been so popular if they had not released quality tires. This is where their advantage lies. We can say with 100% certainty that branded original auto tires will be much better than the products of little-known companies, as well as those who use non-original products.
Is there a difference?
It all depends on what is being compared. For example, if these are products of popular manufacturers, significant difference there is no between them, she is in all cases High Quality. And if these are products of some little-known brand, they are not very expensive, most likely, the quality of rubber will be lower than that of eminent competitors. It will quickly become unusable, and it will need to be changed. This is where the main differences lie.
Tires have a direct impact on the effectiveness of wheel adhesion. pavement. The design features affect the safety of vehicle control, as well as its comfort. Any tire in terms of design is a rubber-metal-fabric shell, which is installed on the rim of the disc. It determines the area of contact of the wheel with the coating, affects the maneuverability and stability of the vehicle, as well as the braking efficiency.
The supporting part of the tire design is the carcass, because it takes on the air pressure that occurs inside the product, as well as the loads that are transmitted from the road. Its structure is formed from one or more layers of cord, that is, rubberized threads that are tightened in a special way. The way these threads are arranged can be different, depending on this, the tires can be radial and diagonal, and accordingly, they have certain differences.
Let's take a closer look at each type:
- Radial. In the design of such a tire, most often there is one cord layer, while its threads are at an angle of ninety degrees to the rim and do not intersect. In the vast majority of cases, products have one bead ring and are tubeless.
- Diagonal. In their design there is an even (in most cases) number of cord layers. Its threads intersect with each other at a certain angle. Most often, such products are chambered, they have two side rings in their “composition”.
Bias vs Radial Tires: What's the Difference?
Design features of radial and diagonal tire modifications form different technical and operational properties. Advantages of products of the first group:
- The minimum number of cord layers is used. Due to this, rigidity increases, the total weight of the products decreases (since the thickness of the frame is minimal). Due to this, the suspension life is significantly extended, the speed parameters of the car are increased. The heating rate of tires is minimal, which has a positive effect on its durability.
- The tread depth has been increased for better flotation.
- Products are immune to significant loads, while the tread layer wears out evenly.
In turn, modifications of the diagonal type have their own advantages:
- The resistance of the sidewalls of such products to mechanical damage and influences. They are "stable" even when driving in deep ruts.
- Ability to operate on special vehicles, that is, on tractors, excavators, etc.
- Relatively low cost.
The disadvantage of radial products is the high cost. Also " weak side” is their side part. Diagonal products are deprived of these disadvantages, but they are also characterized by some disadvantages:
- Slow heat dissipation. When driving at high speeds, products may break.
- Reduced degree of contact of auto wheels with the canvas, as the products have high rigidity.
- Significant noise.
- Uneven degree of wear of the tread layer.
- Big weight. This leads to an increase in the degree of load on the suspension.
Diagonal modifications differ from radial modifications in a number of parameters, and more precisely in:
- the number of bead rings and cord layers;
- resistance to wear and rolling;
- duration of service;
- thermal conductivity of the frame;
- ensuring exchange rate stability TS.
The difference in the technical and operational parameters of the products is obvious and significant. And, unfortunately, it is not in favor of diagonal models. That is why many manufacturers are gradually phasing out their release.
Despite the established stereotypes, tires and tires are not the same thing. These terms refer to different structural elements. car wheel. What will happen if you mix it up and put a tire on the disk instead of a tire?
Editorial responseBack in the early days of the automotive industry pneumatic tires made from several components. The air pressure was held by a rubber chamber, and a strong hard rubber tire was put on top of it. Later, tiny lugs appeared on it.
Wheel in galoshes
In 1910, the American firm B. F. Goodrich Company began to add highly dispersed amorphous carbon or simply soot to the rubber mixture to increase strength. The rubber wore out less, but the elasticity of the wheel immediately decreased. Therefore, the engineers decided to make the tread and tire separate elements.
Then the tires were made from natural raw materials and they were white or beige colour. And the tread with carbon black inside turned out to be black. As a result, the lower black shell of the tires looked like galoshes. A disposable protector was put on reusable tires and the wheel was used much longer than usual. Such black and white tires can still be seen on restored vehicles, as well as in films of the twenties.Removable tread for some types of tires was used until the sixties. In the sixties, similar compound wheels were manufactured by the Yaroslavl tire plant for GAZ trucks. However, with an increase in speed and load, such a design turned out to be inefficient.
To avoid slippage of the removable tread and its failure, they began to make a monolithic tire. The tread was welded on from above, like other layers of rubber. Rudiment of these technological processes now is the so-called vulcanization, in which the old truck tires get a new protector.
Joint labor
The increase in speed required new design wheels. The tires had to be made tubeless, as they were better able to withstand many hours of motorway driving at speeds over 120 km / h. They weren't afraid hard braking and lateral overloads during cornering. With the advent of tubeless tires, the tire began to combine all the components of the rubber wheel.
A modern tire consists of several main parts: a carcass (cord), a tread, as well as sidewalls and beads, and an internal sealing layer plays the role of a chamber. It is he who peels off and crumbles if you drive a few meters on flat tires. Without this layer, the wheel gradually releases air.
Photo: Shutterstock.com
The base of the bead area of a tubeless tire fits snugly against the rim and ensures its tightness. Therefore, a disc for a tubeless tire differs from the usual one by the presence of sealing beads on the rim. With an increase in air pressure, the rubber adjoins them more tightly and tightly compresses the polished surface. In addition, the flanges are lubricated with sealant before installation.
In order for the tire tread to adhere well to the asphalt, it must be flexible, but its base is quite the opposite. Therefore, the tire itself is pierced with cords of different materials. The frame uses metal wire, textile and even carbon threads. They prevent the material from stretching.
In the most common radial tires cord threads are located at right angles with respect to the sides. This allows the wheel to be better balanced. But tires need to be protected from cuts and punctures.
The breaker layer is responsible for this, which is a thin “armor” located between the tread and the carcass and protecting the wheel from mechanical influences from the outside.The side part of the tire has convex fragments, which also protect the tire and disc from rubbing against the curbs.
In some wheel models, the sidewalls have their own hard inclusions and even hold the load. On such tires in a deflated form, you can drive up to 80 km. In general, the concept of "tire" in everyday life began to denote a tire.
In general, for the vast majority cars are used tubeless tires. But even now you can find special tires that are operated together with internal chambers. They are installed on old historical vehicles, on tractor carts and even on bicycles. For car tires not only internal cameras are needed, but also special disks. It is categorically impossible to use them without cameras instead modern tires. Otherwise, the tires will not be able to hold the air pressure.
