Crossroad traffic. Errors related to assessing the current traffic situation A truck is approaching the intersection at a speed of

05.03.2020

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What every driver faces every day, regardless of the type of car, driving experience and other things? With crossroads. And if the passage of regulated intersections is not a big problem for anyone, then in other situations, confusion, confusion, and as a result, a dangerous situation on the road is possible. You can avoid this - just refresh the memory of the rules for crossing intersections. For this purpose, this article was created - to give new knowledge to beginners or to help experienced drivers remember them.

According to the new changes, from November 8, 2017, there will be “Waffles” (“Waffle Makers”) markings at the intersections, which will define the boundaries of the intersection. It is designed to regulate the passage of intersections at which congestion is formed and will help the implementation and observance of traffic rules, as well as the collection of fines for violators. The fine for going to an intersection or crossing traffic jams is 1,000 rubles.

Types of intersections

All existing intersections are divided into:

Regulated intersection- equipped with traffic lights (including those with additional sections). Also of this type are intersections where traffic is controlled by a traffic controller.

Intersection of equivalent roads without regulation- accordingly, here the movement of the vehicle is not controlled using a traffic light and a traffic controller.

Crossroads of unequal roads without regulation- similar to above, but the roads are divided into main and secondary, they are both marked with the corresponding signs priority.

According to their "design" they can be divided into the following types:

T-junction- one road adjoins on the left or right to another. Such intersections do not include exits from the adjacent territory of a residential building, industrial enterprise or other facility. The rules for driving a T-junction depend on the type of intersection: regulated or non-regulated.

Crossroads- the most common type, when one road intersects another, and at the same level.

Roundabout, where several roads are connected to a common "ring". Entering it, the car slows down and moves counterclockwise and makes an exit on the road it needs.

Multilateral intersections- intersections that do not belong to the previous types. They usually connect a large number of roads and are high traffic areas where great care must be taken.

General rules for crossing intersections according to traffic rules

Always give way to pedestrians and cyclists crossing the road you intend to turn onto. This rule works whether the intersection is regulated or not. Penalties for not letting a pedestrian through are currently 1,500 rubles.

It is forbidden to go to the intersection if there is a traffic jam on the roadway in front of it. Violation of this rule will lead to the fact that you will not only join the traffic jam, but also block the road for cars moving through the intersection on the left or right. As a result, instead of one traffic jam, three are obtained, and the risk of an accident or conflict on the road increases dramatically.

Rules for passing unregulated intersections

Consider the basic rules of passage and possible situations for unregulated intersections of all types.

Equivalent intersection and traffic rules

The rules for passing the intersections of equivalent roads are governed by the rule of "interference on the right" The driver must always give way to vehicles approaching from the right side of the roadway. This also applies to those cars that, when the driver makes a maneuver, they will become “hindrance on the right”.

Consider the situation: you are crossing the equivalent crossroads straight ahead, without turning. There are two cars on the transverse road - one on the left (we will call it conditionally A), one on the right (it will receive the designation B), both plan to continue their movement straight ahead. In accordance with the right hand traffic rule, you give way to car B because it is on your right. In turn, vehicle A must give way to you in the same way.

Next situation: You are also crossing the intersection straight ahead, and another car moving in the opposite lane on the opposite side of the intersection intends to make a turn to your right (left for her). Starting her maneuver, she is obliged to slow down and let you pass, since your car for her when making a turn will be “an obstacle on the right”. The same rule works for reversals.

Rules for passing roundabouts

From November 8, 2017, new roundabout traffic rules come into force, according to the changes, drivers who are on the circle have priority when driving, and entering vehicles must give way.

At roundabouts if all its roads are equivalent (yield sign is not set), then the vehicles already on the ring should let those who are just about to enter, as they are still the same “hindrance on the right”.

When the sign 2.4 "Give way" is installed in front of the roundabout- all vehicles entering the roundabout are required to give way to all vehicles moving along the ring.

Also, an information sign can be installed in front of the roundabout indicating the secondary and main roads when driving around the ring, but the sign 4.3 "Roundabout" is necessarily installed, and the sign 2.4 "Give way" depending on the situation.

Passage of equivalent intersections with tram tracks

Paragraph 13.11 of the rules states that trams have full advantage over other trackless vehicles, regardless of the direction of travel. Here, the owner of the car does not receive any benefits under the "interference on the right" scheme. At the same time, trams are equal in front of each other and, when crossing the intersection at the same time, must be guided by the same rules as ordinary cars.

Passage of junctions of unequal roads

There is a main road, and vehicles entering the intersection from it have priority, regardless of the direction of travel.

The main road does not always have a straight line, sometimes it makes a turn at the intersection. In such cases, drivers entering the intersection from the side of the main road are equal among themselves and should be guided by the principle of "interference on the right" when determining the queue.

By the same principle, cars moving along a secondary road carry out maneuvers, but taking into account the need to first give way to those traveling along the main road.

The main road is determined by the presence of signs 2.1, 2.3.1 - 2.3.7 and 5.1. In their absence, the main road will be made of asphalt, concrete or stone, relatively unpaved, or the one to which the entrance from the adjacent territory adjoins.

The secondary road is usually signposted 2.4 "Give way" and 3.21, also known as "STOP" or "brick".

Rules for driving through regulated intersections

The rules for passing intersections with traffic lights are regulated by traffic lights (which are the main ones) and signals of additional sections.

Vehicles moving on the main green signal of a traffic light must prioritize among themselves in accordance with the “interference from the right” rule. Let's say you're turning left at a crossroads and an oncoming car is moving straight ahead. When the green signal lights up, you must go to the intersection, starting the maneuver, and let the oncoming car pass, and only then complete the turn.

Tram drivers also have full advantage with the main green signal, as for unregulated intersections. All of the above also applies to the passage of intersections with a traffic controller.

If red or yellow signals and an additional section of the traffic light are turned on for you at the same time, first pass all vehicles for which the main green signal is on, and only then move in the direction indicated by the signal of the additional section.

Video lesson: passing the intersections according to the rules.

Topic 14. Passage of intersections (SDA, chapter 13). General rules. Adjustable crossroads.

What is an intersection?

The intersection is different from the exit from the adjacent territory. Clause 8.3. SDA says that in relation to the road, the adjacent territory is always secondary. When leaving it, it is necessary to let pass all vehicles and pedestrians whose path intersects.

According to statistics, more than 30% of collisions occur at intersections. This is 13-14% of the total number of all accidents. At the same time, only incidents with dead or injured are recorded. Collisions without casualties are not taken into account by reports. If you believe unofficial data and take into account minor accidents, collisions at intersections happen 8-10 times more. In Moscow alone, more than 15,000 such cases occur every year, more than forty a day on average.

The main cause of accidents at intersections is non-compliance with the order of travel. The driver must thoroughly know the rules and technology of crossing intersections, be able to quickly navigate already at the entrance to the intersection, determine their turn and give way to those who have an advantage. These rules are universal and interrelated. They are applicable to intersections of any configuration, with any number of intersecting roads, with any traffic intensity.

When driving through an intersection, you should be attentive, careful and concentrated. Rushing can easily lead to a mistake that will cause an accident. A delayed driver can also create a traffic jam or an emergency situation, delaying not only himself, but also other road users. That is why the actions during the passage of the intersection must be clear, conscious, timely and understandable to others. Courtesies to other road users are unacceptable, as they may put them in a difficult position or be misinterpreted and eventually cause confusion on the road.

Sequence of actions when passing through an intersection

The process of overcoming the intersection consists of three successive stages. Each of them is carried out separately, but in a certain order.

The procedure for driving through an intersection begins even before the driver enters it, namely, with the definition and understanding of its type. Each type of intersection has its own rules of passage. An error at this stage will entail the application of false rules and the development of an incorrect sequence of movement, which in turn may cause a collision with another vehicle.

All intersections are divided into regulated and unregulated. Unregulated intersections can be equivalent and unequal. Among the unequal, in turn, there are intersections with a turn of the main road and without a turn. The type of intersection is determined by a set of specific features.

Driving conditions through one or another intersection can be very different. The type and equipment of the intersection is determined by the number of vehicles passing through it per day or per hour, that is, the intensity of traffic. Lightly loaded roads, where vehicles rarely meet each other, usually have unregulated equivalent intersections. This is the simplest type. Unequal intersections are found on roads with medium traffic intensity. One road passing through them is the main one, and the other is a secondary one. At unequal intersections, priority signs are installed to help drivers navigate which road is which. The risk of collision at such intersections is less than at unregulated equivalent ones.

The regulated intersection is in demand at high traffic intensity. It is equipped with traffic lights. Such an organization of traffic can provide a fairly safe interaction of large traffic and pedestrian flows that intersect in one place and branch in different directions.

At the second stage of the process of overcoming the intersection, it is necessary to enter it correctly. In the presence of several vehicles, it is important to determine who needs to give way, and who, on the contrary, will have to let your car pass. After waiting for your turn, you can enter the intersection.

The third stage is the exit from the intersection. The sequence of movement in this case is determined by the direction of further movement (straight, turn, right or left).

At any intersection, a situation can arise in which the driver who entered it first leaves the last and vice versa.

Chapter 13 of the SDA describes in detail all the actions associated with the passage of various intersections.

General rules for any intersections

Clauses 13.1. and 13.2. The rules contain requirements common to all intersections. In particular, according to paragraph 13.1. when turning, drivers must give way to pedestrians and cyclists moving in the same or opposite direction and continuing to move straight. This requirement is mandatory regardless of the presence or absence of a pedestrian crossing, cycle path, traffic lights or road signs. When making a turn, do not let pedestrians or cyclists pass only in two situations. First, while driving at the signal of the traffic controller. Secondly, at intersections with pedestrian traffic regulated by a separate pedestrian traffic light.

Clause 13.2. regulates the actions of the driver in the event of a traffic jam immediately after the intersection in the direction in which he was moving. In this case, the Rules allow entry to the intersection only for travel in another free direction. If the driver does not want or cannot change the route, entry to the intersection is prohibited even with a green traffic light. It is recommended to stop in front of the stop line, wait until there is a free space behind the intersection and, if there is a permission signal, move forward in the intended direction. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in blocking traffic in the transverse direction and interfering with the movement of other vehicles or traffic jams due to the fault of the driver who entered the intersection and failed to release him in a timely manner.

Signs of an adjustable intersection

Controlled intersections are characterized by more intense traffic. In order for everyone to pass, some vehicles must stop and allow others to pass. This is what traffic control is all about. This task is performed by either a traffic controller or a traffic light.

Clause 13.3. SDA calls regulated only such an intersection at which there is a valid traffic light or a traffic controller. In a situation where the traffic light does not work, is out of order or switched to flashing yellow mode, and the traffic police officer is resting or simply observing traffic and not giving any signals, the intersection should be considered unregulated. Accordingly, his passage is made according to the rules for unregulated intersections.

At regulated intersections, there are no main or secondary roads, and priority signs installed at its corners have no meaning. Obviously, when determining the type of intersection, first of all, you should pay attention to the presence of a traffic light or a traffic controller and classify it in this case as regulated. In their absence, the intersection is considered unregulated, and then the issue of priority signs, main and secondary roads becomes relevant.

Entrance to a regulated intersection

The right to enter a regulated intersection is granted by a traffic light or a traffic controller. Clause 6.10. The rules establish requirements according to which different signals of the traffic controller allow you to move in all or only in certain directions. The traffic light works in a similar way - turn left, right, turn, sometimes the movement is directly regulated by separate and additional sections with green and red arrows. If there are no additional sections at the traffic light, the main green signal allows passage in any direction not prohibited by signs and markings. Usually the green light is on at the same time and moving towards the vehicle. There is no traffic on the intersecting road.

If there is tram traffic at the intersection, then even if there is a permissive signal, the queue of other vehicles will never be the first. Clause 13.6. The SDA says that when crossing the path of a tram following a green light in any direction and another vehicle, the vehicle must give way to it.

In addition to the green signal of the traffic light, access to the intersection is granted by a combination of a red (yellow) signal with an active additional green arrow. According to paragraph 13.5. You can only move in the direction of this arrow, while giving way to all vehicles moving across from other directions. In such a situation, not only drivers of trackless vehicles must give way, but also drivers of trams.

If the movement is carried out on a green signal with an additional arrow turned on, then at the entrance to the intersection, except for the tram, no other vehicles need to be passed. At this time, traffic lights either prohibit them from moving, or oblige them to give way.

Departure from a regulated intersection

The third stage of crossing the intersection, namely the exit from it, depends on the direction in which the further movement of the vehicle is planned. The order of departure is described in paragraph 13.4. Rules. When a traffic light is green, a trackless vehicle is moving towards you and your own movement in a straight line or when turning right, you should not give way. When making a left turn or U-turn, on the contrary, you must give way. This is how trams determine the order of travel among themselves, and trackless vehicles after trams determine between themselves. This requirement is based on the interference rule from the right. After the left turn maneuver has been initiated, an oncoming vehicle in the same conditions and also moving towards the green light will be positioned to the right of your vehicle.

As a result of combining the requirements of clauses 13.4. and 13.1. the following order of exit from the intersection is obtained:

It is obvious that exiting a regulated intersection in the forward direction or to the right is much easier than leaving or turning around.

The sequence of passage when switching traffic lights

This issue should be considered from two sides, namely the recommendations and requirements for entering the intersection when switching the traffic light from green to yellow, and the rules for leaving the intersection in a similar situation.

Quite often, the actual number of vehicles intending to pass through a regulated intersection is much larger than the number that a traffic light can pass in one cycle of its operation. As a result, a queue forms in front of the traffic light. When the green light turns on, only part of it has time to pass the intersection, then the yellow light turns on, and then the red traffic light. This situation is especially relevant for narrow streets with heavy traffic. The question arises: until what point is the entry to the intersection allowed in the current conditions.

Clause 6.13. The SDA contains clarifications on this issue. So, it says that when a prohibition signal is given, the driver must stop in front of the stop line, and in its absence, before entering the first intersection of the carriageways. It is forbidden to enter the intersection if the yellow light comes on before this border is crossed. In this case, you must stop at the indicated places. If the traffic light was switched when the driver had already left the stop line or was at the intersection of the carriageways, this is not considered a violation of the Rules. From that moment on, the traffic light signal does not allow movement for everyone who is behind such a driver, but does not touch him, since he entered the intersection at the permit signal. In a situation where a traffic jam has formed ahead, even with a permission signal, you cannot enter the intersection of the carriageways, you should definitely stop and skip the next cycle of the traffic light.

If the signal of a traffic light or a traffic controller has changed when the vehicle is at the intersection, in no case should you stop and block the way for those who should be given a permission signal and who are already ready to start moving. So, paragraph 13.7. obliges drivers who have entered the intersection to vacate it, regardless of the color of the traffic light. The same provision applies to the situation with the change of signal given by the traffic controller.

However, some drivers abuse this rule and drive through the entire intersection on yellow and sometimes even red lights.

It is worth paying special attention to the fact that if the driver sees a yellow or red traffic light ahead or a signal from a traffic controller prohibiting movement, he must stop before the intersection. Clause 13.7. describes such situations when the vehicle has already entered the intersection or is in close proximity to it and does not have time to stop before the stop line or the edge of the crossed carriageway. If the driver is able to stop without applying emergency braking, continuing through the intersection will become a traffic light pass and result in a fine of 1,000 rubles. A repeated same violation committed within one year after paying the fine threatens the driver with a new fine in the amount of 5,000 rubles or deprivation of rights for a period of 4 to 6 months (Article 12.12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Clause 13.8. contains a requirement addressed to the vehicle not to enter the intersection until it is vacated by other vehicles and pedestrians, even if the red light has already changed to green. Accordingly, the permissive signal is a necessary condition in order to start moving, but not the only one. The driver must first make sure that all vehicles and pedestrians moving through the intersection from other directions have cleared at least the required half of the road. The accident that occurred in the described situation will not be to blame for the one who did not have time to clear the way, but for the one who started moving too early, not missing those leaving the intersection.

The driver completing the intersection is driving at a high speed, otherwise he could stop at a signal change in front of the stop line. It is for this reason that he cannot avoid a collision with a vehicle that has crossed paths. A driver who has just started moving and has not yet had time to pick up speed can quickly stop if a danger arises. The probability of a collision will depend on his actions.

A vehicle entering an intersection ahead of time is heavily damaged in a side impact collision from someone who was traveling at high speed in a lateral direction. The side of a car is one of the most vulnerable places. A collision of this kind can often be accompanied by serious consequences, aggravated in the event of a rollover of the machine. Obviously, a road user who is exposed to a greater danger should be more interested in preventing an accident.

It is very important to be mindful of pedestrians when starting on a newly lit permit signal. The situation when the driver is approaching the stop line, and at that moment the green light turns on for him, and there are vehicles in the neighboring lanes that have arrived at the traffic light earlier, is very dangerous. An inexperienced or inattentive driver can immediately increase the speed, without taking into account the fact that there may be pedestrians in front of neighboring vehicles completing the crossing of the carriageway. At the same time, they do not see a moving car and can easily be in its path, and then under the wheels. That is why it is essential to first make sure that there are no pedestrians.

It has already been said above that at a regulated intersection with heavy traffic, it is much easier to drive in a straight direction or to the right than to turn around or go left. The main problem with this is that before you make a U-turn or left turn, you must give way to all oncoming vehicles, which quite often move in a continuous stream on a green light. When the flow ends, it turns out that the yellow or red light is already on and the movement in the transverse direction is ready to begin. A typical mistake in such a situation is an attempt to slip in front of the nose of an oncoming vehicle. Obviously, it needs to be done differently. Clauses 13.7. and 13.8. Rules will help to cope with this problem. When solving it, you can be guided by the left turn process and take similar actions.

So, a green traffic light allows you to enter a free intersection. The driver is allowed to drive to its center and, if the path is closed, will then stop, taking the extreme left position and leaving the left turn indicator on. After passing the oncoming traffic and waiting for the traffic light to switch to yellow or red, you can complete the turn behind the last vehicle.

The requirements set out in paragraphs 13.7. and 13.8., are appropriate for small intersections, but not always relevant for crossing wide roads with median lanes. Clearing such an intersection can take so long that the traffic light will switch from green to red again. In order to solve this problem, intermediate traffic lights with stop lines can be installed between the intersections of carriageways. With such an organization of traffic, when switching a traffic light and finding the driver at an intersection, he can only drive to the nearest stop line. Before it, you should stop and wait for the next permission signal. If there are no intermediate traffic lights and stop lines along the route, you can drive through the intersection to the end without stopping.

At such an intersection, the rules for turning left also differ from those generally accepted. If there is an intermediate traffic light, the driver making a left turn loses time, as he is forced to wait additionally until the signal switches, standing in a gap in the median lane. However, he significantly wins in safety due to the lack of the need to let oncoming vehicles pass, calculate the distance to them and their speed. This turn to the left is carried out in two steps. The second one starts as soon as the oncoming vehicles turn on the red light. In the absence of an intermediate traffic light and a stop line on the median lane, the turn is performed, as usual, in one step with the need to give way to everyone who is driving towards.

Thus, if the road has a dividing lane, then approaching the intersection, you should definitely pay attention to the presence or absence of stop lines and intermediate traffic lights in front of each crossed carriageway.

Traffic Laws:

6.10. The controller signals have the following meanings:

ARMS EXTENDED TO THE SIDES OR LOWER:

from the left and right sides, movement is allowed ... for trackless vehicles straight and to the right ...;
from the side of the chest and back, the movement of all vehicles ... is prohibited.

RIGHT ARM EXTENDED FORWARD:

from the left side, movement is allowed ... for trackless vehicles in all directions;
from the side of the chest, all vehicles are allowed to move only to the right;
from the right side and back, the movement of all vehicles is prohibited ...

Traffic Laws:

6.13. With a prohibitory signal from a traffic light or a traffic controller, drivers must stop in front of the stop line (sign 6.16), and in its absence:

at the intersection - in front of the crossed carriageway ... without interfering with pedestrians ...

Traffic Laws:

13.3. The intersection, where the sequence of movement is determined by the signals of a traffic light or a traffic controller, is considered regulated.

With a yellow flashing signal, traffic lights not working or there is no traffic controller, the intersection is considered unregulated, and drivers are required to follow the rules for driving through unregulated intersections and priority signs installed at the intersection.

Traffic Laws:

13.4. When turning left or making a U-turn at a green traffic light, the driver of a trackless vehicle is obliged to give way to vehicles moving straight or to the right from the opposite direction. Tram drivers should be guided by the same rule among themselves.

Traffic Laws:

13.7. A driver who enters an intersection with an enabling traffic light must exit in the intended direction, regardless of the traffic lights at the exit from the intersection ...

13.8. When the permissive signal of the traffic light is turned on, the driver is obliged to give way to vehicles completing the movement through the intersection, and to pedestrians who have not completed the crossing of the carriageway of this direction.

Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses:

Article 12.12, part 1

Passing a prohibiting traffic signal or a traffic controller's prohibiting gesture, except for the cases provided for by Part 1 of Article 12.10 of this Code and Part 2 of this Article, entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 1,000 rubles.

Article 12.12, part 3

Repeated commission of an administrative offense provided for by part 1 of this article shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 5,000 rubles or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of 4 to 6 months.

Priority signs at regulated intersection

Traffic lights may contradict the requirements of priority signs installed at the same intersection. However, there cannot be main and secondary roads at an regulated intersection - a functioning traffic light always allows traffic on one road and prohibits it on another that intersects with the first. Therefore, when the traffic light is running, no priority signs are valid and have no meaning. They are installed only in the event that the traffic light breaks down or turns off, due to which the intersection becomes unregulated.

Name

student

Name

A point having the same coordinates x = y = z = 10 m is located at a distance of approximately ...

According to the given graph of the movement of a pedestrian, determine his average speed (in km / h) for the last four hours of movement. Answer: 1.25

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A body is thrown at an angle of 70° to the horizontal. Calculate the tangential acceleration (in m/s2) of the body at point A. The free fall acceleration is assumed to be 10 m/s2. Answer: 24.47

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		The body rotates about a fixed axis passing through the point O perpendicular to
		drawing plane. The angle of rotation depends on time: Ф(t) = Ф0 sin(Аt), where А = 2 PI rad/s,
		Ф0 is a positive constant. How does the ANGULAR VELOCITY of point A behave at the moment
		time t = 1 s?
		Takes the minimum value.
	student	Takes the minimum value.
	student
	Name

Two adjoining disks with radii R1 and R2 rotate around parallel axes O1 and O2. Specify the number of the correct expression for the ratio of the angular velocities of the disks, if there is no slippage at the point of contact of the disks. Answer: 4

Name

A body thrown at an angle to the horizontal is subjected to a constant horizontal force during flight. Do the lift height, flight range and flight time depend on the magnitude of this force?

Time and height do not depend, range does.

According to the given graph of the coordinates of the car, determine how many times its speed V2 at the moment of returning to the origin of coordinates was greater than the starting speed V1.

Name frame253

The body moves uniformly along a flat curvilinear trajectory. At what point(s) is the acceleration maximum?

At point A.

Name frame254

The flywheel spins up from rest so that the angular acceleration B decreases to zero with time according to the formula: B(t) = A - C·t, where A = 10 rad/s2, C = 1rad/s3. To what angular velocity (in rad/s) does the flywheel spin? Answer: 50

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Specify the number of the correct formula for calculating the instantaneous velocity vector of a point on the earth's surface through the radius-vector r and the angular velocity vector w. Answer: 2

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A passenger car is approaching the intersection at a speed v1 and a truck is approaching the intersection at twice the speed v2. Indicate the number of the vector that correctly shows the speed of the truck in the car frame of reference? Answer: 7

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The speed of a material point moving along a certain straight line changed in accordance with the given graph. What was the point's average ground speed? Answer: 0

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student

Name

Near the motionless nucleus of uranium, a proton flies along the KLM trajectory. At point L, the speed is minimal. Is it true that ... (indicate all correct statements)

Normal acceleration is directed away from the nucleus?

The flywheel, spinning with constant angular acceleration from rest, makes the first revolution in two seconds. Find (in rad/s2) the magnitude of its angular acceleration. Answer:

Name frame300

student

A wheel of radius R = 25 cm rolls uniformly along a horizontal road so that the speed of its center O is V = 5 m/s. What are the angular velocity w of the wheel and the acceleration A of its upper point P in the "road" frame of reference?

W = 20 rad/s, A = 100 m/s2.

Name frame236

student

Name

Two rockets (without engines), launched from the Earth with the same initial speeds, one after the other, rise vertically upwards. How does the second rocket move in the reference frame associated with the rocket launched earlier? Ignore air resistance. The gravitational acceleration g is assumed to be independent of height.

rests

The speed of the cyclist during acceleration changes in accordance with the above graph. Find the maximum acceleration (in m/s2). Answer: 1

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A body is thrown at an angle of 70° to the horizontal. Calculate the normal acceleration (in m/s2) of the body at the moment when the velocity is directed at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. The free fall acceleration is assumed to be 10 m/s2. Answer: 1.1339

Name

student

Name

How would the vector of angular acceleration of point A be directed if the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation began to decrease?

From the north pole to the south.

The wheel accelerates during time t so that its angular acceleration B is constant. Specify the number of the correct expression for calculating the final speed of the center О of the wheel. Answer: 1

Name frame271

The body moves from the origin. Its velocity vector changes with time t according to the formula shown in the figure, where A and B are some constants. Specify the number of the correct body trajectory equation.

student

Name frame272

The coordinate of the crawling ant changes according to the given graph. Determine the average speed (in cm / s) of the ant's movement in the interval from 2 to 6 seconds. Answer: 0.75

Name

student

Name

How does normal acceleration affect the velocity vector of a material point?

Changes only the direction of the speed.

student

Name

The top rotates around a vertical axis as shown in the figure. The speed first increases, then decreases. Where are the vectors of angular velocity w and angular acceleration ε directed?

W - down, ε - first down, then up.

Name

The wheel of the car has a radius R and rotates with an angular velocity w. Indicate the number of the correct expression for the time it takes the car to cover the distance L without slipping? Answer:5

student

Name

Two cars are moving towards each other along a straight highway with speeds v1 and v2. The modulus of the speed of the second car relative to the first is ...

The ant crawls along the path in accordance with the given path schedule. What is its maximum speed (in cm/s) on the studied time interval. Answer:1

student

Name

A material point moves uniformly along a given curvilinear trajectory. At what points A, B or C is the magnitude of the acceleration vector maximum?

According to the given graph of the movement of a pedestrian, determine his average speed (in km / h) during the last six hours of movement. Answer: 2.5

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A body is thrown at an angle of 70° to the horizontal. Determine the module of tangential acceleration (in m/s2) of the body at the moment when the velocity is directed at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. The free fall acceleration is assumed to be 10 m/s2. Answer:5

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The wheel rotates as shown in the figure at a speed of 10 rpm. You need to stop it in 6 seconds. What should be the magnitude and direction of the angular acceleration vector B if braking occurs uniformly?

student

Name

A small body suspended on a thread of length L moves along a circle of radius R in a horizontal plane with a constant angular velocity w. Determine the modulus of change of its speed for half a period.

4. The movements of two pedestrians are described by the equations x1 = 0.5t and x2 = 5-t. Describe the nature of the movement of each pedestrian, find the module and direction of their velocities, build motion graphs, speed graphs and graphically determine the place and time of their meeting.

5. Movements of two bodies are described by the equations x1 = 12-3t and x2 =2+ 2t. Determine the location and time of the meeting analytically.

A. 4m; 2s. B. 2m; 6s. V. 6m; 2s. D.2m; 4s.

6. An electric train with a length of 200 m enters a bridge with a length of 500 m, moving uniformly at a speed of 5 m/s. How long will it take for the train to cross the entire bridge?

A. 100 s. B. 40 s. V.140 p. D. 50 p.

Option 1.1

1. The helicopter rises vertically evenly. What is the trajectory of the point at the end of the helicopter propeller blade in the frame of reference associated with the helicopter body?

A. Point. B. Direct. B. Circumference. G. Helix.

2. A swimmer swims along the river. What is the swimmer's speed relative to the river bank if the swimmer's speed relative to the water is 1.5 m/s and the speed of the river is 0.5 m/s?

3. The raft floats uniformly along the river at a speed of 6 m / s. A person moves across the raft at a speed of 8 m/s. What is the speed of a person, in the frame of reference associated with the shore?

A. 2 m/s. B. 7 m/s. H. 10 m/s. D 14 m/s.

V1 Rice. B

Rice. A

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

5. The boat crosses a river 600 m wide, and the helmsman keeps the course in such a way that the boat floats perpendicular to the banks all the time. The speed of the boat relative to the water is 5 m/s, the speed of the river is 3 m/s. How long will it take for the boat to reach the opposite shore?

T E S T No. 3 “SPEED. RELATIVITY OF MOTION".

Option 1.2

1. The helicopter rises vertically evenly. What is the trajectory of the point at the end of the helicopter propeller blade in the frame of reference associated with the helicopter body?

A. . Circle. B. Helix. B. Point. G. Direct

2. A swimmer swims along the river. What is the swimmer's speed relative to the river bank if the swimmer's speed relative to the water is 1 m/s and the speed of the river is 0.5 m/s?

A. 0.5 m/s. B. 1 m/s. B. 1.5 m/s. D. 2 m/s.

3. The raft floats uniformly along the river at a speed of 3 m / s. A person moves across the raft at a speed of 4 m/s. What is the speed of a person in the reference frame associated with the shore?

A. 2 m/s. B. 7 m/s. H. 4.6 m/s. D 5 m/s.

4. A truck is approaching the intersection with a speed of V1= 10m/s and a passenger car with a speed of V2= 20 m/s (Fig. A). What is the direction of the speed vector V21 of the passenger car in the reference frame of the truck (Fig. B)?

2 Fig. B

V1 2 Fig. B

Rice. A

A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.

5. The boat crosses a river 800 m wide, and the helmsman keeps the course in such a way that the boat floats perpendicular to the banks all the time. The speed of the boat relative to the water is 5 m/s, the speed of the river is 3 m/s. How long will it take for the boat to reach the opposite shore?

A. 120 p. B. 150 p. V. 200 p. G. 90 p.

T E S T No. 3 “SPEED. RELATIVITY OF MOTION".

Option 2.1

A. Point. B. Circumference.

B. Direct. G. Helix.

2. The swimmer swims against the current of the river. What is the swimmer's speed relative to the river bank if the swimmer's speed relative to the water is

1.5 m / s, and the speed of the river is 0.5 m / s?

3. The crane evenly lifts the load vertically upwards at a speed of 0.3 m / s and at the same time moves uniformly and rectilinearly along horizontal rails.
itself at a speed of 0.4 m/s. What is the speed of the load in the reference frame associated with the Earth?

A. 0.1 m/s. B. 0.35 m/s. B. 0.5 m/s. D. 0.7 m/s.

Rice. B

1 4

Rice. A

A. 1. B.2. AT 3. D.4.

5. The speed of a boat moving downstream relative to the shore is 3 m/s, and the speed of the same boat moving against the current is 2 m/s. What is the current speed?

T E S T No. 3 “SPEED. RELATIVITY OF MOTION".

Option 2.2

1. The helicopter rises vertically evenly. What is the trajectory of the point at the end of the helicopter propeller blade in the frame of reference associated with the Earth's surface?

A. Point. B. Direct.

B. Helix. D. Circumference.

2. The swimmer swims against the current of the river. What is the swimmer's speed relative to the river bank if the swimmer's speed relative to the water is 1 m/s and the speed of the river is 0.5 m/s?

A. 0.5 m/s. B. 1m/s. B. 1.5 m/s. D. 2 m/s.

3. The crane evenly lifts the load vertically upwards at a speed of 0.3 m/s and simultaneously moves uniformly and rectilinearly along horizontal rails at a speed of 0.4 m/s. What is the speed of the load in the reference frame associated with the Earth?

A. 0.35 m/s. B. 0.1 m/s. B. 0.7 m/s. D. 0.5 m/s.

4. A raindrop flying at a constant speed, V vertically downward, hits the vertical surface of the glass of a car moving at a constant speed U (Fig. A). Which of the trajectories in figure B corresponds to the trace of a drop on the glass?

Rice. B

4 3

Rice. A Fig. B

A. 1. B.2. AT 3. D.4.

5. The speed of a motor boat moving downstream relative to the shore is 4 m/s, and the speed of the same boat going against the current is 2 m/s. What is the current speed?

A. 0.5m/s. B.1m/s. B.1.5m/s. D.2.5m/s.

Option 1.1

IN .a = 0

D. The direction can be any.

2. According to the plot of the dependence of the module V ,m/s

speed versus time given
in the figure, determine the acceleration
a body moving in a straight line, at the moment
time t= 2s.

A. 2 m/s2 B. 9 m/s2.

B. 3 m/s2. D. 27 m/s.2

3. According to the condition of task No. 2, determine the movement of the body in three seconds.

A. 9 m. B. 18 m. W.27m. D. 36 m.

4. The car after 100m after the start of movement acquires a speed of 30m / s. How fast was the car moving?

A. 4.5 m/s2. B. 0.15 m/s2. H. 9.2 m/s2. D. 11m/s2.

V x = 2 + 3 t

A. Sx = 2 t + 3 t2 (m). IN. Sx = 2 t+ 1.5t2 (m).

B. Sx = 1.5t2 (m). G. Sx = 3 t + t2 (m)

5 m/s. Under the action of friction forces, the bar moves with an acceleration of 1 m/s2. What is the distance traveled by the block in 6 seconds?

TEST №4 "UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED RECTILINEAR MOTION".

Option 1.2

1. The speed and acceleration of a body moving in a straight line and uniformly accelerated are shown in the figure. What is this movement?

V A X

A. Resting. B. Moves uniformly.

B. Moves. evenly. G. Moves uniformly.

2. According to the graph of the dependence of the speed module

from the time shown in Figure V , m/s

Determine acceleration rectilinearly 80

moving body at a time

t= 20s. 40

A. 2 m/s2 B. 9 m/s2.

B. 3 m/s2. D. 27 m/s.t, s

3. According to the condition of task No. 2, determine the movement of the body for t= 20s.

A. 820m. B. 840m. W.1000m. D. 1200m.

4. With what acceleration did the stone fall if it traveled 19.6m in 2s?

A. 19.6m/s2. B. 9.8 m/s2. H. 9 m/s2. D. 15.68m/s2.

x = 2 - 3 t(m/s). What is the corresponding equation for the projection of the displacement of the body?

A. Sx = 2 t - 3 t2 (m). IN. Sx = - 1.5t2 (m).

B. Sx = 2 t- 1.5t2 (m). G. Sx =2 t +1,5 t2 (m).

6. A bar located on the horizontal surface of the table was given a speed of 5 m / s. Under the action of traction forces, the bar moves with an acceleration of 1 m/s2. What is the distance traveled by the block in 6 seconds?

A. 6 m. B. 12 m. C. 48 m. D. 30 m.

TEST №4 "UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED RECTILINEAR MOTION".

Option 2.1

1. The speed of a body moving in a straight line and uniformly accelerated has changed when moving from point 1 to point 2 as shown in the figure. What is the direction of the acceleration vector in this section?

IN. a = 0

A V. a = 0.

Can be anyone.

2. According to the dependence graph V ,m/s

shown in the figure, 10

determine the acceleration 5

at the time t=1 With.

A. 2 m/s2 B. 5 m/s2.

B. 3 m/s2. D. 7.5 m/s.t, s

4. Car moving with an acceleration of 2m/s 2 , travels 100m. What speed does he gain?

A. 40 m/s. B. 100 m/s. H. 80 m/s. D. 20m/s.

5. The equation of dependence of the projection of the velocity of a moving body on time: V x = 3 + 2t(m/s). What is the corresponding equation for the projection of the displacement of the body?

A. Sx = 3 t2 (m). IN. Sx = 3 t+ 2 t2 (m).

B. Sx = 2 t+ 3 t2 (m). G. Sx = 3 t + t2 (m).

6. A bar located on the horizontal surface of the table was given a speed of 4 m / s. Under the action of friction forces, the bar moves with an acceleration of 1m/s2. What is the distance traveled by the block in 4 seconds?

A. 8m. B.12m. W. 28m. D. 30m.

TEST №4 "UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED RECTILINEAR MOTION".

Option 2.2

1. The speed and acceleration of a body moving in a straight line are shown in the figure. What is this movement?

A. Uniform. B. Uniformly accelerated.

B. Uniformly slow. D. Peace.

2.According to the V dependence graph , m/s

Shown in the figure, 20

determine the acceleration 10

rectilinearly moving body 0

at the time t=2 ct, s

A. 2 m/s2 B. 10 m/s2.

B. 3 m/s2. D. 5 m/s.2

3. According to the condition of task No. 2, determine the movement of the body in two seconds.

A. 5 m. B. 10 m. H.20m. D. 30 m.

4. What distance will the car travel with an acceleration of 2m/s 2 , if at the end it acquires a speed of 72 km / h?

A. 40 m. B. 100 m. C. 80 m. D. 20 m.

5. The equation of dependence of the projection of the speed of a moving body on time:

V x = 3 - 2t(m/s). What is the corresponding equation for the projection of the displacement of the body?

A. Sx = 3 t2 (m). IN. Sx = 3 t- t2 (m).

B. Sx = 2 t+ 3 t2 (m). G. Sx = 3 t + t2 (m).

6. A bar located on a horizontal surface of the table was given a speed

4 m/s. Under the action of traction forces, the bar moves with an acceleration of 1m/s2. What is the distance traveled by the block in 4 seconds?

A. 6 m. B. 12 m. C. 24 m. D. 30 m.

TEST #5 "FREE FALL".

OPTION 1.1

1. In the tube from which the air is pumped out, at the same height there are a pellet, a cork and a bird's feather. Which of these bodies will reach the bottom of the tube faster?

2. What is the speed of a freely falling body after 4 seconds?

A. 20 m/s. B. 40 m/s. H. 80 m/s. D. 160 m/s.

3. What path will a freely falling body take in 3 seconds?

A. 15 m. B. 30 m. C. 45 m. D. 90 m.

4. What path will a free-falling body cover in the fifth second?

A. 45 m. B. 50 m. C. 125 m. D. 250 m.

5. A body is thrown vertically upward at a speed of 30 m/s. What is the maximum lifting height?

A. 22.5 m. B. 45 m. C. 90 m. D. 180 m.

TEST #5 "FREE FALL".

OPTION 1.2

Take the free fall acceleration equal to 10 m/s2.

1. The body moves vertically upwards with a speed V. How is the acceleration directed

free fall, and what kind of motion is subject to?

2. What is the speed of a freely falling body after 10 seconds?

A. 20 m/s. B. 40 m/s. H. 80 m/s. D. 100 m/s.

3. What path will a freely falling body take in 5 seconds?

A. 25 m. B. 30 m. C. 50 m. D. 125 m.

4. What path will a freely falling body take in ten seconds?

A. 45 m. B. 50 m. C. 95 m. D. 100 m.

5. The body is thrown vertically upwards at a speed of 50 m/s. What is the maximum

lifting height?

A. 2 m. B. 20 m. C. 100 m. D. 125 m.

TEST #5 "FREE FALL".

OPTION 2.1

Take the free fall acceleration equal to 10 m/s2.

1. In the tube from which the air is pumped out, at the same height there are a pellet, a cork and a bird's feather. Which of these bodies will be the last to reach the bottom of the tube?

A. Shotgun. B. Cork. B. Bird feather.

D. All three bodies will reach the bottom of the tube at the same time.

2. What is the speed of a freely falling body after 3 seconds?

3. What path will a freely falling body take in 4 seconds?

4. What path will a freely falling body take in the sixth second?

A. 55 m. B. 60 m. C. 180 m. D. 360 m.

5. The body is thrown vertically upwards at a speed of 20 m/s. What is the maximum lifting height?

A. 10 m B. 20 m C. 100 m D. 80 m

TEST #5 "FREE FALL".

OPTION 2.2

Take the free fall acceleration equal to 10 m/s2.

1. The body moves vertically downwards with a speed V. What is the direction of the acceleration of free fall, and what kind of movement does this movement obey?

A. Up, uniformly accelerated. B. Down, uniformly accelerated.

B. Up equally slow. G. Down with equal slowness.

2. What is the speed of a freely falling body after 9 seconds?

v0 = 0m/s, take the free fall acceleration equal to 10 m/s2.

A. 15 m/s. B. 30 m/s. H. 45 m/s. D. 90 m/s.

3. What path will a freely falling body take in 2 seconds? v 0 = 0 m/s, take gravitational acceleration equal to 10 m/s2.

A. 20 m. B. 40 m. H.80m. D.160 m.

4. What path will a freely falling body take in the second second?

v0 = 0 m/s, take the free fall acceleration equal to 10 m/s2.

A. 5 m. B. 15 m. C. 18 m. D. 36 m.

5. With what speed is the body thrown vertically upwards if the maximum lifting height is 20m? Take the free fall acceleration equal to 10 m/s2.

A. 10 m. B. 20 m. C. 40 m. D. 80 m.

OPTION 1.1

clockwise direction. How

the acceleration vector is directed, with such 1

movement?

2. The car moves on a turn along a circular path with a radius of 50 m with a constant modulo speed of 10 m/s. What is the car's acceleration?

A. 1 m/s2. H. 5 m/s2.

B. 2 m/s2. D. 0 m/s2.

3. The body moves in a circle with a radius of 10 m. The period of its revolution is 20 s. What is the speed of the body?

A. 2 m/s. B. 2 π m/s.

B. π m/s. D. 4 π m/s.

4. A body moves along a circle with a radius of 5 m at a speed of 20 π m/s. What is the frequency of circulation?

A. 2 s - 1. B. 2 π 2 s -1.

B. 2 π s -1. D. 0.5 s -1.

R1 = R And R2 = 2 R With

the same speeds. Compare their centripetal accelerations.

A. 1 m/s2. H. 5 m/s2.

B. 2 m/s2. D. 0 m/s2.

3. The body moves in a circle with a radius of 20 m. The period of its revolution is 20 s. What is the speed of the body?

A. 2 m/s. B. 2 π m/s.

B. π m/s. D. 4 π m/s.

4. A body moves along a circle with a radius of 2 m at a speed of 20 π m/s. What is the frequency of circulation?

A. 2 s-1. B. 2 π 2 s-1

B. 2 π s-1. D. 5 s-1.

5. Two material points move along circles with radii R1 = R And R2 = 2 R With

the same angular speeds. Compare their centripetal accelerations.

A. a1 = a2. B. . a1 = 2a2 IN. a1=A2/ 2 G. a1 = 4a2

TEST №6 "MOVEMENT IN A CIRCLE".

OPTION 2.1

1. The body moves uniformly in a circle in 2

counterclockwise direction. How