You don't have to be a professional racer to know what to do in case of skidding on the roads. Consider the prerequisites for losing control of the car, as well as all possible ways exit the situation when the demolition or skidding of the car began.

Difference between drift and skid

From the point of view of physics, skidding is the application to the rear axle of a force perpendicular to the rectilinear movement. It is this vector of application of force in sliding that turns the car around its axis. In this case, there is necessarily a difference in the coefficient of adhesion of the rear and front axles. talking in simple words, during the stern skid, the car tries to overtake the bow.

Demolition has a slightly different nature. A similar phenomenon is possible only at the front axle. In the event of a drift, the car does not change the vector of its movement following the turn of the steering wheel. The reason for this is the loss of the wheels of the rotary axis of adhesion with pavement. During the demolition of the car, even despite the completely inverted wheels, it can only slightly deviate from the rectilinear vector.

When to Be Ready

Only in rare cases, loss of control over the car can be the result of unforeseen circumstances (for example, a tire burst while driving on high speed). In most cases, this phenomenon has specific prerequisites:

foundation of the foundations

Even a perfect understanding of the theoretical principles of skid recovery and drift control will not help you if you do not follow a few simple rules:

Auto with leading rear axle

In the event of a rear-wheel drive skid, the procedure is as follows:

1. you need to hit the clutch and take your foot off the gas pedal. If the car is equipped with an automatic transmission, just release the accelerator pedal. By working with your feet, you contribute to the return of traction. rear wheels with roadway;
2. at the same time, you need to start turning the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. If you are turning clockwise, the steering wheel must be turned in the opposite direction.

Front-wheel drive

For a front-wheel drive car, the procedure is as follows:

1. turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid;
2. in no case let off the gas; by measuring the effort, you can even add traction to the wheels. The force to be applied will depend on the degree of development of the skid. In the initial stage of development, even 30% of the pedal travel will be enough. To overcome a deep skid, the pedal must be pressed to the floor.

The essence of the manipulation is to start the implementation of which you need at lightning speed, to pull the car out of the skid with the drive axle.

4x4

Slip all-wheel drive vehicle- the most difficult of the presented situation. The problem is that all the wheels are connected to the accelerator pedal at once. In this case, each wheel receives its portion of torque from the engine. This factor depends on several parameters at once: the type of all-wheel drive, the differential settings, the 4x4 system control mode selected by the driver, the presence intelligent systems stabilization and others. Each SUV or crossover is individual in this regard.

The only condition that remains true is the rotation of the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. But with gas you need to be especially careful. Professionals recommend pressing the accelerator pedal just enough so as not to lose traction on the wheels. Add gas, as we would do in the case of a front-wheel drive car, or, conversely, let go completely, driving a car with a leading rear axle, it is forbidden.

How to prevent dynamic drift

The main mistake of many drivers is a belated reaction to the behavior of the car. Even for experienced drivers slipping is not a common situation, so not only do they often get lost, but they do everything late.

Reacting to slipping and trying to catch back car, the driver turns the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. The car straightens up. This moment is the most important. Straightening up, the car has an inertial force, which will now provoke a skid, but already in reverse side. In order to prevent this, you need to return the steering wheel to the "zero" position shortly before the moment the car straightens up. On front wheel drive car at such times, you can even let off the gas a little to allow the wheels to catch on the road.

This is quite difficult to do, so even a good driver may need several tricks to do this. It is important that the amplitude of the steering wheel turn with each subsequent attempt to catch the rear of the car is less than the previous one. Only in this case you will be able to regain control of the machine.

Forget about the brakes

Hitting the brakes is something you should never do. Why? - you ask. If the car begins to skid, pressing the brakes will provoke additional unloading of the rear wheels. This will lead to more greater loss adhesion of the rear axle to the road.

We have to admit that for almost 90% of drivers on the roads, pressing the brake pedal is almost an instinctive movement. In order not to aggravate the situation by instinctively pressing the brakes, at first you need to periodically remind yourself of this rule. The best way to fix it is with practice.

Demolition

Now you know how to stop a skid, but what to do when the wheels are turned out and the car continues to “poke” straight ahead?

You will have to get rid of one more pernicious instinct. Most drivers, not feeling the response from the car when turning the steering wheel, begin to twist the steering wheel even more. You need to do the diametrically opposite - slightly reduce the angle of rotation of the steering wheel. It is strictly forbidden to press the gas at this moment.

If at the moment of the beginning of the demolition the gas pedal was pressed, it must be literally thrown. So you load the rotary axis a little. You can also easily press the brake pedal. If the car is not installed ABS system, its operation can be simulated by intermittent depressing the pedal. It is important not to block the wheels of the drive axle.

As soon as the car begins to turn, you can turn the steering wheel a little again. In this way, you can feel the edge of the adhesion of the wheels to the roadway, overcome drift and prevent the car from skidding.

Practical lessons

Even a perfect understanding of the theory will not help you to act adequately in emergency. The main key is practice. You need to learn how to feel the car, feel the force of inertia in order to adequately work with the pedals and steering wheel.

It is best to start this practice in winter, as a dry coating will greatly wear out the components and assemblies of your car. For practice, you need to find a deserted stretch of road where you can safely try to provoke a skid, drift or slip of all four wheels. Of course, you can hone the techniques of contra-emergency driving on.

An uncontrolled skid is the worst thing that can happen on the road, especially with a car novice. At the same time, the car drives as it pleases, and the driver can only rely on Lucky case and the lack of deep shoulders and oncoming cars on the road. In this article We will tell you what to do in case of skidding the car, what actions are necessary.

So, what can lead to a skid on slippery road? We have already talked about braking, but it is especially dangerous to slow down in a turn! Remember, the speed is extinguished before entering the turn and preferably without changing gears, that is, without depressing the clutch. It is dangerous to brake, shift gears, and accelerate hard on a turn. Sharp “shifting” of the steering wheel can also “loose” the car.

Modern electronic systems active safety such as ABS, EBA, ESP, are very good helpers, in case of loss of traction of the wheels with the road, they independently regulate the braking and torques on the wheels, but they will not be able to keep the car on the desired trajectory if the driver’s actions do not fit within reasonable limits.

By the way, if these systems work while driving (the corresponding symbols on the panel light up), then this is evidence that you have chosen the wrong speed and manner of driving. At good driver these systems work only in exceptional cases and very, very rarely. But until quite recently there were no such assistants, and nothing - they went. Therefore, let's talk about how to drive a car on a slippery road without electronics, even if you have it.

A few rules on how to avoid skidding on winter roads

If a skid starts, don't slow down. This will not help, but will aggravate the situation. It is very difficult not to do this - an unknown force puts your foot on the brake pedal, but you need to resist so as not to lose your last chance.

If the car "carried", do not squeeze the clutch pedal either. At this time, such an action is as useless as pressing the cigarette lighter button. Don't let go of the gas pedal while skidding. If you slowly release the gas to rear wheel drive car, and slightly increase on the front-wheel drive, then you can reduce the skid and align the car on the road.

Always turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. The back of the car went to the left - turn the steering wheel in the same place, to the right - turn to the right. This must be brought to automatism, performed quickly and without jerks. It is necessary to turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding in moderation.

Try to keep the front steering wheels always in the desired direction of travel. To do this, train yourself not to intercept the steering wheel in turns very often, as most women do. Even in sharp turns try to keep either your right (in a left turn) or your left hand (in a right turn) always on the steering wheel - this will help you constantly feel the position of the wheels. Excessive steering will not smooth out the skid, but only increase it.

The main difficulty in managing all-wheel drive is the ambiguous reaction to the release or pressing of the gas. A car is often unpredictable in slipping, and the outcome of this slipping depends solely on the experience of the driver and his knowledge of the car.

Predict which of the axles of the all-wheel drive (especially with symmetrical all-wheel drive, like Subaru or Audi) when entering a turn, it starts to slide, it can be quite difficult. Here, a lot depends on the design of the transmission and its settings, the presence and algorithm of operation of self-blocking differentials, and the loading of the wheels. If, after releasing the gas or the next braking, the front axle is loaded more, the rear axle will begin to slide during the outward maneuver (skidding).

If the front wheels are in a turn and on the verge of slipping, and you want to make a sharp maneuver at the same time, increasing the gas will only lead the rear wheels to "familiarize" with the curb. But that's not all. Add in the varying side loading during and after maneuvers, the ever-changing surface under the wheels, and you'll realize just how difficult it is for a beginner to steer a permanent all-wheel drive car under slip traction.

An important role in planning behavior in skidding is played by the distribution of torque along the axes. If, when you press the gas, all 100% of the torque (or most of it) goes to the rear axle (as on Mitsubishi Lancer evolution), then such an all-wheel drive is prone to oversteer. Such a skid is controlled by a short throttle closing and a smooth subsequent recovery of thrust. Steering wheel actions are the same as in the rear or front wheel drive.

TOP

"Storm" slippery icy turns in sliding under normal conditions traffic we strongly do not recommend. Such techniques are used mainly on isolated routes. Nevertheless, "putting" the car, that is, throwing the rear axle in the direction opposite to the turn, is often the only way to fit into it. If the driver at the entrance greatly exceeded the speed limit, the car inevitably pulls to the outer edge of the road. With such a throw, you kind of put the car across the road, sharply reducing its speed and increasing the chances of accurately getting into a turn, since the front drive wheels of the car are “aiming” at this moment in the direction of movement. You also need to look there, even if the car is in this moment across the road.

How to quickly put the car in slip? Both front-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive vehicles are very sensitive to throttle on slippery roads. At high speed, short-term braking can be applied. If at this time the steering wheel is sharply turned in the direction of the turn and immediately in the opposite direction (that is, in the direction of the expected skid), then the car will gradually turn around its axis. Now your task is to catch him in the slide, not to let him turn 180 degrees, but to hold (that is, to balance in the slide). In this case, you will be able to cope with the situation and fit into the turn. The fact is that the side sliding of the car is an excellent brake, which, as a rule, turns out to be more effective than conventional braking.

Often, in order to, as the racers say, "stretch" the car, you need to "tuck" downshift(this applies to both manual and automatic vehicles). Downshifting will create the necessary torque on the drive wheels, which will help keep the car on the road and still fit into the turn. Once again, we warn against practicing this method of passing a turn on roads open to the movement of all cars.

Skid on the front drive can be obtained out of the blue. I was convinced of this by turning at low speed on my first car - an old Toyota with front-wheel drive. And the road seems to be smooth, and there are no obstacles, and it’s not winter at all, but it turned me 180. It’s now that I turn around so easily on the ice, but then I was in shock! After all, this is front-wheel drive, on which skidding, according to many (including me), is practically impossible.

The unpretentiousness and safety of front-wheel drive is one of the biggest misconceptions of drivers. Most drivers ignore property safe management on the turning arc, which is typical for cars. Someone out of ignorance, someone at the time of reaction to stress behaves not quite adequately. On the curve of the turn, many, like me once, being wary of the high speed of entering the turn, fully release the gas pedal. It is a completely normal protective reaction of the body to danger. Unfortunately, this reaction goes against the laws of physics and mechanics, which, as you know, cannot be deceived.

For a front-wheel drive car, this is a direct path to a skid. The difference between front-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive is that it (the drive) pulls the car with the driving front wheels, if the traction stops abruptly, rear wheels start to overtake the front ones. A long pause in traction can lead to a critical skid, and in some cases, the rotation of the car. At uniform motion this design is quite stable even on slippery surface, this is what lulls the vigilance of drivers.

If we drastically reduce traction, the front wheel drive car will react by leaning inward. A skid on a front-wheel drive car develops when, frightened of high speed, seeing an obstacle, etc. the driver in the turn abruptly throws the gas pedal and presses the brakes. To get out of this situation, first of all, you need to turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding. In this case, it is necessary slightly - in no case sharply! - press the gas pedal so that the front drive wheels pull the car out of the skid. At that moment, when the car begins to level out, put the steering wheel straight without releasing the gas pedal.

Braking and gas release as a reaction to a skid are typical for inexperienced drivers and leads to uncontrolled skidding and sliding, and a critical or rhythmic skid, as a rule, ends with an uncontrolled rotation of the car and a neighboring ravine.

The features of the front-wheel drive are that if you exceed the speed when entering the turn, the car on the front-wheel drive begins to slide with the front axle out of the turn - drift develops, the same reaction will be to excess traction. Obeying the instinct of self-preservation, the first reaction will be to try to direct the car into a turn and turn the steering wheel even more. The reaction of the laws of physics to such an action will be unequivocal - an increase in drift, because. the original reason for the demolition was too high angle rotation for a given speed. The steeper the wheels are turned, the less traction should be, otherwise the "demolition" of the front wheels begins. The next error associated with excess traction is a sharp press on the gas pedal in order to “draw” the car due to the front drive wheels. With this action, we cause slippage, worsen traction and increase drift progression.

Summarize! On the front-wheel drive, it is necessary to limit traction at the start due to the loading of the drive wheels; front-wheel drive reacts negatively to excess traction with sharply turned wheels; When skidding in front-wheel drive, an increase in traction helps to stabilize the car. And remember, front wheel drive does not swing, he loves straight wheels!

How to get out of a skid? The answer to this question depends on the type of skid and on the drive of the car. The article describes three types of drifts and ways to get out of them.

A skid can be defined as the loss of traction between the vehicle's tires and the road surface due to forces acting on the vehicle. Most cases of vehicle slipping into a skid are caused by driver error. Although it should be noted that only about 15% of accidents are a direct consequence of a car slipping. A skid can occur both on wet or icy road surfaces, and on dry ones. However, the chances of losing control of the car and getting into an accident increase by 50% on wet roads.

The main reasons for skidding are:

• Sharp or sudden acceleration;
• Sudden or sudden braking;
• Sharp movements of the steering wheel.

High speed and adverse weather(rain, snow, ice) further increase the likelihood of skidding.

There are three main types of drift:

• Skid front and rear axles

Precautionary measures

First of all, it is necessary to take into account the weather and road conditions. And besides that, there is whole line Tips to follow to prevent your car from drifting into an uncontrolled skid:

• Accelerate smoothly and in a straight line where possible.
• The same rules apply to braking as to acceleration. That is, as smoothly as possible and without rotation of the steering wheel.
• If the weather conditions are unfavorable, then carefully use the control pedals, and the movements of the steering wheel should be smooth without sudden movements.
• Before entering a turn, make sure that the position vehicle, speed and gear are correct.
• If the weather conditions are favorable, but there are signs of deterioration, for example, clouds are gathering, slow down.
• Before driving, make sure that the car is in good condition, especially that the tire pressure is within the normal range. It is also worth regularly checking the shock absorbers for serviceability.
• If weather conditions are likely to change, allow extra time for your trip. This will allow you not to rush and thus not increase the speed.

Situation

A car in a curve tends to take a different course than the driver expects. There is a drift of the front axle or understeer. The situation is shown in Figure 1.

Cause

Too much high speed at the entrance to a turn or hard braking on the turn. Both of these actions lead to loss of control of the machine.

Driver actions
It is necessary to reduce the angle of rotation of the front wheels until traction is restored to the road surface. This may be enough to stop the slip. If not, then you need to remove your foot from the gas or brake pedal and fully depress the clutch and, if necessary, further reduce the angle of rotation of the front wheels. These steps must be done at the same time. The car should begin to level off, and be prepared to jerk as the car's wheels grab the road.

If the loss of control over the car is very serious, then to the above actions you need to add a short setting of the steering wheel in a straight position until traction is restored, and return back to the original course.

Situation

The rear of the car deviates from the direction of travel and it seems that the rear wheels are trying to overtake the front. There is a rear axle skid or oversteer. The situation is shown in Figure 2.

Cause

The main causes of this most common type of skid are excessive speed or hard braking on a vehicle with any type of drive, as well as sharp acceleration on a rear wheel drive vehicle.

Driver actions

On a rear-wheel drive vehicle, take your foot off the gas pedal and turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. That is, in the situation in the above figure, you need to turn to the right, since the rear of the car skidded to the right. The turn of the steering wheel should be small, approximately equal to the angle at which the car skidded. Immediately after the start of leveling the car, you need to return the steering wheel to its original position in order to avoid skidding in the opposite direction.

On front wheel drive car unlike rear-wheel drive, when skidding the rear wheels, in no case should you press the brake pedal. On the contrary, you can slightly press the gas pedal and at the same time turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding the rear axle. Further, as the vehicle is leveled, return the steering wheel to its original position.

Demolition of the front and rear axles

Situation

All four wheels are locked and the car slides to the side. This is the so-called demolition of the front and rear axles or neutral steering. The situation is shown in Figure 3.

Cause

Hard braking caused four wheels to lock up. Often in this situation there is a feeling of increasing speed.

Driver actions

The technique for getting out of the skid of both axles is quite complicated and usually requires pre-training. To achieve stability, depress the clutch pedal and rhythmically briefly depress the brake pedal. That is, the so-called intermittent braking is performed. This allows you to temporarily unlock the wheels. At the moment of unlocking the wheels, it is necessary to align the car with the steering wheel. In fact, this is the same principle as the ABS system.