Carrying out a large number of works in heavy industry, mining, construction and agriculture is not complete without the use of such a type of trucks as dump trucks.
These laborers are found on rural roads and construction sites, in factory floors and quarries, they can be seen near coal mines and during construction. highways.
Despite the fact that transportation by dump trucks seems to be the same, each of these trucks has its own characteristics and is designed to perform a certain type of work.
Description and purpose of dump trucks
A dump truck is a vehicle that is equipped with a self-dumping body. It is this feature that unites this species trucks. Their main purpose is the transportation of various inert goods.
Cargo can be semi-liquid and loose, bulk. Also, this technique is used to transport various fractions of rocks.
The use of a dump truck is justified when transporting earth and stone, ore and sand, crushed stone, gravel and coal, asphalt, various concrete mixtures, grain, potatoes and other agricultural products and building materials.
There are heavy dump trucks that are capable of transporting large rocks, and there are those whose carrying capacity does not exceed 2 tons. All of them differ in the features of their design, engine power and purpose.
On some models of dump trucks, it is possible to install additional equipment that significantly expands the capabilities of the car. Others, on the contrary, are designed to perform work in certain conditions, such as rear unloading, and cannot be upgraded. The advantage of dump trucks is:
- No need to use an additional labor force and technique
- Possibility of operation in specific conditions,
- An impressive amount of cargo.
Many dump trucks boast excellent cross-country ability cross-country, others are designed for road traffic only. There are models that, on the contrary, are not suitable for operation under normal conditions, but they successfully cope with work in certain industries.
Many mining trucks deliver to the job site on a platform. Due to their huge mass, they are not recommended to drive on asphalt roads. A small ZiL has been working in agriculture for several decades. Although he is not fully off-road vehicle, nevertheless, successfully copes with field work.
Types of dump trucks
To date, a huge number of dump trucks for various purposes are being produced. They have most widespread among other types of trucks, as their use makes it possible to significantly reduce the time and costs of unloading, and thus achieve maximum economic efficiency.
All dump trucks can be divided into several types:
- Quarry - used exclusively in the mining industry. For example, Western Star 6900XD mining dump truck, dump truck,
- Construction - their purpose is delivery to the construction site necessary materials, garbage removal. This is IVECO AMT 453911 dump truck,
- Agricultural - used for transportation of products, soil preparation and other work in the agro-industrial complex. As a rule, these are ZIL, GAZ dump trucks and others with a carrying capacity of up to 10 tons.
An important factor is the method of overturning the body. Cargo dump trucks can have a body with a rear tipping, side, two or three-way, with a preliminary lift. Each type of this technique has its own characteristics that need to be considered in more detail.
In the career transport family, there are the most big dump trucks. They are designed to work where there are no roads. Due to the large mass and large axial loads their movement along ordinary roads unacceptable.
They have found their application in open pit mining, are used in the construction of large-scale structures (dams, canals, etc.) Such dump trucks have a 4x2 wheel formula, short base And diesel engines high power.
The short base significantly improves their maneuverability, which is important when working in cramped conditions on construction sites.
Also, these cars are often installed optional equipment, expanding the capabilities of the truck. A striking example of this is the model of a Russian dump truck produced on the basis of a car.
Equipped with a grab, this vehicle can independently load/unload bulk cargo, and work as a conventional crane. Such dump trucks have a 4x2 or 6x2 wheel formula, are equipped with a diesel or carburetor engine, can move at speeds up to 90 km / h
In agriculture, cargo transportation by dump trucks is usually carried out relatively small cars carrying capacity up to 10 tons. They often have to travel country roads and fields, so for such vehicles it is very important to have a small mass.
Dump trucks with larger payloads can break up rural roads in a fairly short time, so they are rarely used.
Popular dump truck manufacturing companies in the Russian market
Currently on Russian market dump trucks of both domestic and foreign manufacturers.
Construction organizations are more interested in Kamaz dump trucks, although there are models designed specifically for the mining industry. But they make up a small part of the fleet of vehicles employed in this area.
The lion's share of work in the quarry is carried out by cars of foreign manufacturers. This and Belarusian dump trucks MAZ and BelAZ, and equipment manufactured in European, Asian and American factories.
Many manufacturers equip trucks specifically for mining operations. So, for example, a dump truck has a body for rock, which makes it possible to use it in mining. Among the variety of this technique, there are several brands that are most popular:
- Tonar,
- Kamaz,
- actros,
- ford,
- scania,
- BelAZ,
- Iveco,
- Western Star.
Among imported trucks, the products of Actros and FAW are in special demand. Many models of these manufacturers have optimal characteristics for use on construction sites.
Cars and dump trucks have an impressive body volume and powerful engine which makes it possible to intensively exploit them in difficult production conditions. Each of the manufacturers strives to occupy its niche in the market and provide the consumer with optimal equipment.
How to choose the right dump truck
When you have already decided on the type of truck and what tasks it will perform, you need to adequately assess your financial capabilities.
Cars different manufacturers often differ only in the conditions for ensuring the comfort of the dump truck driver. This is of course an important factor, but the price of equipment with a central lock or electric side windows increases significantly.
Therefore, many buyers seek to reduce the cost of the truck by limiting the number of options. So, for example, an all-wheel drive dump truck is much more expensive than its less comfortable one. domestic analogue. Special attention when choosing, please refer to:
- Functionality,
- Reliability,
- profitability,
- Possibility of modernization
- Service maintenance.
Do not forget about the reliability and repairability of the dump truck. Availability nearby service center will minimize the downtime of equipment in the event of its failure. By matching your needs with the possibilities, you can purchase a dump truck that will effectively perform all the tasks assigned to it.
A dump truck is a type of self-unloading vehicle equipped with a trailer, semi-trailer or bunker-type body. To unload, it mechanically tilts with the help of hydraulics. There are also models with forced auger unloading and telescopic lifts.
Appointment of dump trucks
Dump trucks are used to transport bulk or small-piece cargo. This may be the delivery of inert or bulk materials to the construction site, during road repair work, during the construction of infrastructure facilities. In agriculture, machines of this type are in demand during harvesting and fodder preparation, during land reclamation activities. They are used to remove snow blockages and garbage disposal utilities and large companies. Another narrow specialization of dump trucks is the opening and development of minerals in a quarry (open) way.
Types of dump trucks
Dump trucks - special equipment wide application. The versatility of its application would be impossible without certain differences in the design. Today, there are several ways to classify dump trucks.
Machines can have the following unloading methods:
- inclined,
- forced.
As a body in a dump truck can be used:
- bunker,
- platform,
- moving bunker,
- moving platform.
Body tilt methods:
- hydraulic;
- screw (or screw);
- forced;
- using a telescopic lift.
The following unloading methods are also available:
- back,
- lateral,
- bilateral,
- universal.
Depending on the purpose, the following types of dump trucks are distinguished:
- Road. The most popular type of car. Used to transport goods on the roads common use. The capacity of such a dump truck usually does not exceed 40 tons. It can be used during construction works, in agriculture in the process of harvesting, in the mining and processing industries. Such machines are often on the balance sheet of utilities. The peculiarity of these dump trucks is that they have a fairly low off-road and rough terrain.
- career(off-road). This category includes dump trucks with increased power and carrying capacity, capable of transporting up to 450 tons of materials in one go. Most often among them there are posterior and all-wheel drive models with electromechanical transmission. Mining dump trucks are characterized by low maneuverability and have significant restrictions on the speed of movement. In practice, they are often used in tandem with excavators during overburden work, when mining in an open way.
- Articulated. Equipment of this type is also commonly called earth carriers. They have an articulated frame that connects the cab and body. These units are characterized cross-country ability with excellent maneuverability. Such dump trucks are capable of transporting an average of 10-50 tons of cargo, while moving with high speed even by difficult areas way.
- Underground. These are dump trucks designed for excavations in faces and cuts, subject to a small degree of inclination of the shaft. IN constructively they are tractors with a trailer on a double articulated hitch. Models of both small tonnage and large (from 1 to 40 tons) are available.
Dump Truck Characteristics
Depending on the purpose, the characteristics of dump trucks can seriously differ. The main ones include carrying capacity, weight, gross and curb weight, engine and wheelbase parameters. Let's consider them in more detail.
load capacity. For some models, this parameter can reach 450 tons, although in practice dump trucks are most in demand, capable of transporting no more than 40 tons of materials at a time.
Curb weight. The weight of equipment without cargo varies from 6 to 50 tons.
Full mass. The total weight of cargo and equipment can be up to 500 tons.
Movement speed. On average, it is 45-70 km / h.
Number of wheelbase axles. The most popular models in which there are 2, 3 or 4.
Maximum engine power. Most dump trucks are equipped with engines capable of developing from 200 to 700 hp. With.
Transmission. It can be mechanical or automatic.
As attachments dispensers are used for the dump truck. They are brackets that stop the board at the time of capsizing. This improves the accuracy and accuracy of unloading bulk materials.
Cat® Trucks
With a wide range of payload capacities, dump trucks are widely used around the world for transporting both small volumes of materials and large cargo lots. The main requirements that apply to this type of equipment are endurance and reliability. These two conditions are met by Cat® trucks manufactured by Caterpillar. The range of this manufacturer includes off-road vehicles and equipment with an articulated frame. In the first case, these are dump trucks high cross designed for use in mining and quarrying. In the second - quite light and maneuverable machines, easy to operate and maintain. All equipment undergoes strict control and testing in difficult conditions operation.
Our catalog contains actual models Cat dump trucks®, differing in load capacity, design features and scope. Learn more about new technology Caterpillar, as well as to clarify the rental conditions for used cars, please contact our consultants at any of the contact numbers.
Trucks are rightfully considered the most popular type of special equipment, since the profitability and efficiency of any work in the construction industry, as well as industry and trade, largely depends on the timing of the delivery of materials and transportation of the finished product. Functional flexibility, versatility and market liquidity - these are the factors contributing to the increased demand for special equipment for cargo transportation, in the ranks of which you can safely write standard trucks, semi-trailers and trailers, as well as trucks - dump trucks.
A dump truck is, in fact, a truck equipped with a movable body, which has the ability both to be in its normal state and, if necessary, to unload the cargo contained in it. Usually the cargo is bulk materials, such as sand, soil or fertilizer.
Dump trucks have the widest scope, their use allows you to reduce the time spent on transporting cargo, as well as carrying out the necessary loading unloading works.
Dump trucks are used to transport both bulk and loose, as well as any cargo that can be unloaded by tipping the dump truck body.
And although dump trucks have a lower payload compared to machines that have a fixed loading platform, their use is beneficial due to the fact that unloading time is reduced.
The most commonly used dump trucks with an inclined bottom (tilting body). There are also dump trucks with auger (forced unloading). Hydraulic lifts are used in machines of this type.
Varieties of dump trucks, scope Classification of dump trucks.
Dump trucks are commonly used in agriculture, construction, and open pit mining of various minerals. Dump trucks according to the place of application are divided into:
Construction dump trucks
Serve for the transportation of bulk cargo (earth, sand, crushed stone, etc.) and liquid solutions(concrete, lime, etc.). They can be used in the construction of industrial facilities, residential buildings, highways, hydroelectric power plants, bridges, canals, etc. Chassis basic models trucks trailers and semi-trailers is the basis for the creation of dump trucks that differ in shape cargo body and short base. The shortened base improves the maneuverability of the dump truck. Produced in our country whole line models of construction dump trucks and their modifications. Among them, the most common are GAZ-SAZ-53B, ZIL-MMZ-555, KamAZ-5511, MAZ-5549, KrAZ-256B-1.
Construction dump trucks are designed for road traffic, therefore they have a 4×2 or 6×4 wheel formula. They can be equipped as carbureted engines, and diesel engines and have relatively high maximum speeds movement (70-90 km/h).
Construction dump truck KAMAZ - 65115\
Mining trucks
Off-road (otherwise career) dump trucks are usually used in open-pit mining of various minerals. Optimal even for heavy dump trucks, a scheme with two axes is considered, as well as a drive on rear wheels and, of course, unloading the body back. In the 70s, they tried to establish the production of three-axle dump trucks, for example, WABCO 3200B and Terex Titan, but these schemes for dump trucks did not take root. To date, more than twenty enterprises specialize in the production of mining dump trucks. The main part of the market (>95%) is made up of dump trucks with a load capacity of less than 40 tons.
Dumper BelAZ-549\
Articulated dump trucks
Sinotruck is one of the world's and domestically recognized manufacturers of special equipment, which regularly supplies the market with high-quality tractors, dump trucks, concrete mixers, trucks and branded spare parts for them.
The company owns well-known trademarks, which include Howa and Hania, which have already earned recognition in Russia and neighboring countries.
In order for the Hova dump truck to become a worthy representative of its class of equipment, the developers relied on world assembly experience heavy vehicles.
Sinotruck Corporation purchased new computerized lines of equipment, which quickly made the company a leader among Chinese manufacturers cargo and utility vehicles.
The result of the work of the company's specialists was a dump truck that came as close as possible in terms of its technical and performance indicators To famous brands, which made the Hova brand one of the most successful.
The created product is focused on the American and European markets. The car has many modifications, but the model with a 6x4 wheelbase has become the most popular.
It has earned fame in a short time due to its ergonomic design, driving performance and interior comfort. To remember what the Hova dump truck looks like, just look at its photo once.
Technical characteristics of Hova dump trucks
The desire of the manufacturer to integrate as much as possible into the international market was reflected in the functional characteristics of the equipment.
The Hova dump truck is assembled from highly reliable parts that are made from quality materials. Components for special equipment wear resistance and ability to resist abrasion are at a high level.
Dump truck models are assembled on the basis of a modern four-stroke power unit STEYR WD 615.95 diesel powered. Its minimum power is 336 hp. with., but in some models it can reach 375 liters. With.
The working volume is power plant is 9726 cubic meters. see The engine model is characterized by an in-line arrangement of six cylinders. In addition, a turbocharging system and an intercooler are used here.
Of the modifications of Khova dump trucks, the following are sold on the Russian market:
- dump truck HOWO ZZ 3257 M 3647 W with wheel formula 6x4. The engine power of this model is 336 hp. With. The gearbox has 9 speeds with a load capacity of 25 tons.
- dump truck HOWO ZZ 3327 N 3647 C with a wheel formula 6x4 with a capacity of 375 liters. With. and a load capacity of 20 tons.
- dump truck HOWO ZZ 3327 N 3857 C with a wheel formula 6x6 with a capacity of 336 liters. With. and a load capacity of 20 tons.
- dump truck HOWO ZZ 3407 S 3267 C with a wheelbase 8x4 with a capacity of 375 liters. With. and STEYR WD 615.96 engine. The carrying capacity is 31 tons.
Most popular model dump truck in Russian market is HOWO 6x4 ZZ 3327 N 3847 C. The level of sales of this modification invariably has excellent performance and is increasing every month.
The wheelbase of this dump truck model is 6x4, while wheel disks steel. This feature provides the structure with the necessary safety margin with a huge mass. Tires are equipped with tubes.
The front suspension of the machine has rigid double-T-beam hubs. On rear suspension axle reducers installed compact size. main gear single.
The HOWO 6x4 ZZ 3327 N 3847 C model is equipped with a GF-F 420 clutch with one disc with a diameter of 420 mm. The gearbox has 9 steps.
The cabin of the Hova dump truck is made by VOLVO, modification HW 76 in an extended version, or HW 70 - in a shortened version.
The main characteristics of the cab:
- standard design;
- all-steel;
- leans forward with an offset of 70%;
- the windshield consists of two layers;
- windshield wipers three-speed;
- interior heating;
- cabin ventilation;
- air conditioning or climate control;
- two places;
- one bed;
- the steering column is adjustable;
- additional options depending on the configuration: mirrors, power windows, heated seats, radio, etc.
The machine is equipped automatic system diagnostics and sensors:
- combustion fuel mixture and consumption;
- oil and water temperature sensors;
- air pressure in the pneumatic system.
The dump truck can reach speeds up to 90 km/h. The curb weight of such equipment is 15 tons, while the carrying capacity can be from 20 to 40 tons.
Economical fuel consumption of 30 liters per 100 km will allow you not to frequent stops for refueling. Fuel tank holds 300 liters of fuel.
Dump truck braking system ABS, pneumatic with double circuit.
In addition, the design provides for parking brake mechanisms with autonomous hydraulic drive and engine retarder.
Body options:
- length - 6800 mm;
- width - 2300 mm;
- height - 1400 mm.
These figures may vary depending on the model. All characteristics of the Khova dump truck comply with Euro-3 quality standards.
Scope of application of Hova heavy duty vehicles
The main areas of use of trucks:
- construction;
- production;
- Agriculture;
- service sector.
In addition to building materials, sand, feed, soil, crushed stone, gravel, root crops, asphalt, concrete, mortar, construction waste and much more can be transported in the body of the Hova dump truck.
The machine is designed for frequent use and is capable of a large number of flights per working day. However, it does not show signs of deterioration in performance, such as overheating.
This allows you to quickly recoup the cost of acquiring this type of equipment. This fact is especially important for enterprises providing transport services.
When choosing a Hova dump truck, it should be borne in mind that the reviews for the A7 model are quite good.
Services of companies selling special equipment
There are companies on the Russian market that offer the sale of Khova dump trucks at a price from the manufacturer. This is a good deal.
But not everyone can afford to buy new dump truck Hova, then you can buy b. y. car.
Each buyer can choose for himself: whether to buy equipment that is available from the seller company, while saving time, or order a machine with all the necessary characteristics.
The second option assumes that you will have to wait until the equipment is delivered to our country from the assembly point.
In such a company, you can get advice about the chosen model or an overview of the available range.
Advantages of Hova over other dump trucks
With excellent functionality and high quality, the manufacturer retains democratic prices. This advantage favorably distinguishes this brand from European analogues.
For Russian dealers this combination of price and quality is optimal, because it makes the demand for Hova dump trucks high.
The end user can choose from the Hova range the most suitable modification, characterized by all the necessary properties.
The design of such special equipment significantly facilitates the loading and unloading of transported materials. This is especially important when transporting bulk and bulk cargo.
The ability of the body to tip over ensures complete unloading in a short time, as a result, the efficiency of operations is significantly increased.
For our region, it is very important that the Hov technique is adapted to hard climatic conditions. Low temperatures will not be able to significantly affect the performance of dump trucks.
Rollover can be carried out to the side or back, depending on the model. In addition, unloading can occur both with the help of an inclination and forcibly.
Extra time and money spent on the use of a submersible crane or other special equipment will not be required.
Except technical features construction, this is facilitated by cabin insulation, heating system and air conditioning. The driver will be able to carry out his task in comfortable conditions.
The car is easy to drive. Excellent visibility in the rear-view mirrors allows the driver to control the situation as much as possible.
Additional equipment in the form of a walkie-talkie and the presence of a sleeping bag increase the comfort of long trips.
Compared with domestic models, the engines that Khova dump trucks are equipped with show great traction capabilities.
The efficiency of such an engine is less than that of European representatives of this class, but more than that of Russian trucks.
According to statistics cargo special equipment Sinotruck rarely shows factory defects. This fact provides a quick payback (since there is no need to replace parts for this reason), long term operation and large stock truck durability.
The main indicator High Quality assembly of Hova products has been an increase in production since 2001 several times in proportion to the increase in demand for this product.
As a result, Sinotruck, which manufactures this equipment, has become one of the top 20 enterprises in the People's Republic of China.
The fact that development and design of special equipment are carried out in accordance with international standards, provides stable quality assurance. When making such an expensive purchase, this fact can play a decisive role.
Automatic control and computerized production exclude low-quality assembly. The product regularly undergoes appropriate tests and certifications.
All these qualities increase the ability of the product to integrate into the global market for special equipment and compete with analogues of European production. Sinotruck exports more than 10,000 dump trucks annually.
Such an impressive volume allowed the company to take its place in this niche and provide the corresponding market segment with high-quality and relatively inexpensive equipment for universal use.
After looking next video, you can find out how comfortable the driver feels in the cabin of Hova:
dump truck (English)tipper) - special constructive solution for trucks, which allows you to turn the body to facilitate unloading. Typically, dump trucks are used to transport bulk goods, such as sand or gravel. In addition, the body can be removed and left anywhere for loading operations. Dump trucks by type of unloading can be: rear, two-way or three-way.
photo: MACK GRANITE dump truck, 2011
dump truck (dump trucks, dump trucks, English Dump Truck) is used to deliver bulk materials (such as sand, gravel or soil). conventional dump truck equipped with a hydraulic body, which is fixed on the rear axle, when the body is raised, the contents freely spill onto the ground behind the car. Most often they are used in the fields of construction, road construction, Agriculture, utilities (snow removal, etc.).
The dump truck was first constructed in Saint John, New Brunswick when Robert T. Mawhinney placed the body on a flatbed truck in 1920. lifting mechanism worked with a winch attached to a cable, which, in turn, was thrown over a pulley on a rack behind the cab. The cable was connected to the front edge of the body, the pivot point of which was on the rear axle of the truck. The operator turned the lever to raise or lower the machine body. Today, of course, all cars are controlled by hydraulic devices, there are many variants of them that meet one or another requirement of a particular area of application of such cars.
Truck types
Dump trucks are classified:
- 1. By type of unloading (tilt or forced)
- 2. In the direction of unloading (sideways, backwards)
- 3. By body type (bunker, platform, sliding bunker, sliding platform)
Although the load capacity of a dump truck is less than that of a similar truck with a fixed cargo platform, however, dump trucks are beneficial due to the reduction in unloading time. Dump trucks are distinguished by the method of unloading - rear, side, bilateral and universal unloading on all sides. In Russia, dump trucks are produced by KAMAZ, KRAZ, URAL, ZIL, GAZ.
Standard dump truck
on the photo: dump truck CHEVROLET C7500, 2009.
Standard option a dump truck is a wheeled truck with a body attached to a frame. It is lifted with a hydraulic lift, rear end body is fixed on the rear axle truck. The tailgate of the body is hinged.
IN THE USA standard dump truck has one front axle and one or more rear axles, which usually have a double row of wheels on both sides. The rear axle can be mechanically driven or not. Most rear axles without mechanical drive are raised to minimize wear if the car is not loaded or not fully loaded, and in case the car needs additional support, the rear axles are lowered. They are called drawbridges. The drawbridge can be steered or unsteered; a steered axle always has one wheel on both sides.
The usual configuration for a standard dump truck is six wheels and one steered drawbridge; a ten-wheeled vehicle has two steered axles; three-axle with one drawbridge and two steered axles; there is a variant consisting of two drawbridges and two steering axles. The largest standard dump truck, called the centipede, has seven axles. Two rear steered axles, front steered axle, the other four are lifting. Intermediate axles are necessary to distribute the load on the chassis, sometimes provide additional braking. In the European Union, dump trucks with 2, 3 and 4 axles are used.
short wheelbase standard dump truck makes it more maneuverable than a semi-trailer, which has a higher payload capacity.
[tipper trucks, dump trucks]
(Articulated Trucks)
Pictured: Articulated Trucks
The standard version of the dump truck has a hinge between the cab and the body, but it differs from the semi-trailer in that the cab is rigidly fixed. Management is carried out by a hydraulic lift. Such vehicles are well adapted to harsh operating conditions.
Off-road (quarry) dump trucks
Mining (off-road) dump trucks are used in open-pit mining. Due to their size and weight, operation on public roads is not possible. Large models are delivered to the place of work in parts and assembled there.
Dumper Liebherr T282B - 363 ton payload record holder, photo: René Engel (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported)
Dump truck with trailer
This is a standard dump truck with a trailer carrying various loads (gravel, sand, asphalt, snow, logs, etc)
Such dump trucks usually transport cargo weighing 26-27 tons, from 3 to 5 loads daily.
Semitrailer dump truck
It is a combination of tractor and trailer where the trailer has its own hydraulic lift. Usually this is a three-axle tractor that pulls a two-axle semi-trailer. The advantage of such a vehicle is fast unloading. The disadvantage is the instability of the car when unloading, which limits the use of the car in places with uneven road levels.
So, dump trucks are used for the transportation of bulk, or loose, or other goods suitable for such unloading, which is carried out by means of overturning them from the body.
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Features of models, choice of second-hand, operation in Russia.
From: Vasiliev A., 23932 views
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