As a child, my brother used to say that there are trucks with wheels so big that a person is smaller than the rim, for some reason I remember this. Now I decided to check, and it turned out to be an exaggeration. But nevertheless, the largest mining dump truck is impressive.
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The largest mining dump truck for transporting rock worldwide BelAZ - 75 710 is produced at Belarusian plant. The carrying capacity of this machine is 450 tons, and the gross weight is almost 810 tons. Dimensions inspire respect and admiration: more than 8 meters high, almost 10 meters wide and almost 21 meters long. The giant is equipped with two diesel engines with a total power of 4600 hp. and has four-wheel drive and a top speed of just over 60 km/h. Of course, one cannot fail to mention the disadvantage that comes logically from the size of the car, and this is the fuel consumption of the dump truck.
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At one time the most big dump truck received a lot of positive feedback at the exhibition. And no wonder, because the carrying capacity is 363 tons. Own weight is 230 tons. The ratio of the total and transported weight is impressive. Comes with two engines. Very comfortable for the driver.
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Chinese development - the XCMG DE400 dump truck strikes with a width of ten meters, was presented to the experts in 2012. Its length is almost 16 meters, and the height is 7.6 meters, and up to 360 tons of rock can be loaded into it. The maximum speed of the car is 50 km / h, and with such dimensions, this is also impressive. Before the advent of BelAZ - 75710, it was the largest.
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The dump truck manufactured in Canada by the Terex 33 - 19 Titan production also, having entered the market for the first time in the mid-seventies, surpassed all analogues, being the first in the world with a carrying capacity of almost 320 tons. Only a single copy was made, and having worked until the early nineties, it was installed as a monument near the highway near Sparwood, a Canadian city.
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The American dump truck Bucyrus M T 6300 AC was launched in early 2008 and is equipped with an engine with a rated power of 3750 hp. It has had its name since 2010 and before that it was called Terex Unit Rig MT 63 00 AC.
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The US-made Caterpillar 7 9 7 F dump truck with a total weight of more than 620 tons is still the winner in size among all American manufacturers. Visible in the background.
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The brainchild of Japanese engineers, the Komatsu 960 E is by far the most large dump truck among Komatsu models.
The car is equipped with a V-shaped engine with a rated power of 3500 hp. The length of the car is 15.6 meters, and the height is more than 7 meters, and despite this, the Komatsu 960E is comfortable and easy to drive, because it is equipped with various systems designed for this.
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Japanese manufacturers tried and gave the results of the total curb weight of the car is more than five hundred tons, its engine power is three and a half thousand horsepower. The dump truck is 15.5 meters long, and it is capable of carrying almost 290 tons of cargo. With a full load, its total weight becomes 500 tons.
Bel AZ 75 600 has the ability to carry up to 320 tons. Its total mass after loading maximum number rocks can be 560 tons. It is almost fifteen meters long, and its engine develops over three and a half thousand horsepower. With all its enormous size and carrying capacity, it can reach speeds of up to 64 km / h.
The size of all these vehicles, their power and the ability to carry hundreds of tons of cargo, impose on them the impossibility of saving on fuel. Its consumption, as already mentioned, is simply huge, but with the impressive size of the tank, it is just enough for a working day.
They don't belong in the city. They have no place on the track. They have no place on the roads at all. Because they have not yet created such roads along which mining dump trucks could easily move. Thousands of horsepower, tens of thousands of Newton meters of torque, hundreds of tons of dead weight - the permanent habitat of all this splendor is mines and open pit mining. And, despite the fact that the sector of application of auto monsters is very specific and limited, and the cost of each dump truck is several million dollars, the competition is very high. But unlike ordinary cars, where the struggle is for comfort, dynamic performance and design, here the most-most are determined by other parameters, the most important of which is carrying capacity. So, individual representatives of heavy equipment are able to transport more than 350 tons of rock at a time! And even more than that, they do it every day, without interruption for weekends and holidays. And the car rests only in the event of a breakdown, scheduled maintenance or on the way to a new place of work.
The giants are sent to the place of work in disassembled form - asphalt roads that could withstand their weight without consequences have not yet been invented. Cruel? Yes, it's cruel, but it's impossible. After buying a car, it must immediately work out the considerable costs of buying it, and every minute of downtime is very expensive for the owner. So huge giants work almost around the clock, crawling along the paths of mines and developments. If you look at this picture from the window of a helicopter or from an observation deck, then everything seems quite organic: narrow paths and ordinary trucks. You begin to realize the scale of what is happening only if you find yourself in close proximity.
And then the small paths turn into wide plateaus, on which giants are calmly moving about as high as a good two-story house, and almost ten meters wide, carrying in bodies along the small Everest. And from the height of human growth, which, by the way, is half the height of the wheel of a mining dump truck, you don’t have to think that “this one is a little smaller than that one”. And yet they differ. So, for example, the Japanese Komatsu 930E-3SE in the improvised four of the largest auto monsters can be put in fourth place.
4th place. Komatsu 930E-3SE.
Komatsu 930E-3SE - flagship Japanese manufacturer heavy equipment, the gross vehicle weight is 504 tons, and the engine power is 3,500 horsepower. A car with a length of just under 15.5 meters is capable of carrying up to 290 tons of cargo in its "womb". And its gross weight is neither more nor less than 500 tons! In order to move such a hulk from its place under the hood (in the figurative sense of the word) there is an 18-cylinder turbodiesel engine with a capacity of 3500 horsepower, which it develops at 1900 rpm. By the way, this power unit boasts not only high power and deadly torque, but also a considerable weight - 10 tons! And this figure does not seem completely fantastic, especially after you find out that 340 liters of engine oil “splash” in his wet sump lubrication system, and all 719 liters of antifreeze in the cooling system. Unlike conventional cars, where the engine flywheel is connected to the drive wheels through a gearbox, in mining dump trucks, the most popular is a different traction unit scheme. The engine gives all its power mechanical transmission, and the alternator, which in turn feeds the traction motors.
The dimensions of the truck are really huge - in its body it can transport a medium-sized country house. By the way, electric motors are part of rear axle, which means that they are working samples of the notorious motor-wheels, which we can’t wait for in the passenger sector. Torque from electric motors is transmitted to giant wheels with landing diameter 63-inch tires not directly, but through compact gearboxes (so the volume of oil required for the operation of each gearbox is only 95 (!) Liters of the “transmission box”). With such a power unit, the maximum speed of the Komatsu 930E-3SE is 64.5 kilometers per hour, which is not at all small for such a colossus, and the problem here is not to disperse it, but how to stop it. A hybrid braking system is working on this task, consisting of three subsystems: main, auxiliary and parking. The main system is hydraulic, multi-disc, with separate front and rear axle circuits and oil cooled brake discs. Max pressure brake fluid in the circuit is 172 atmospheres, and at the same time, during braking, the total friction surface area is almost 10 square meters! But even such a system cannot cope with the giant alone, so an auxiliary one, an electrodynamic braking system, is working to help it. During braking, the traction motors switch to generator mode, and all the electricity generated by them is converted into heat at the load resistors. The power dissipated by the resistors at the peak can be more than 4000 kilowatts! While the average value of this parameter is 2900 kilowatts. The parking brake system - with dry brake discs, is able to hold a fully loaded car on a 15% slope. Cylinder drive - mechanical spring, control - hydraulic.
3rd place. BelAZ 75600.
Almost domestic BelAZ 75600 consumes more than 500 liters per hour diesel fuel. Even more ore than the Komatsu 930E-3SE is able to transport BelAZ 75600 - a truck that is included in the elite class 300-ton dump trucks. His maximum load capacity is 320 tons, and the total mass of the loaded vehicle is 560 tons. At the same time, its length is even less than that of the Japanese heavyweight - only 14.9 meters. As power unit BelAZ uses an 18-cylinder V-shaped Cummins QSK78-C turbodiesel with a volume of 77.6 liters. Rated engine power - 3546 horsepower, torque - 13771 Nm. The scheme of the power plant is combined with an alternating current generator and two Siemens traction motors with a capacity of 1200 kilowatts each. The maximum speed of the car is 64 km/h. By the way, average consumption fuel per hour for such a colossus fluctuates around 500-550 liters of diesel fuel per hour, so that a standard 4375-liter tank is enough just for a work shift.
The BelAZ 75600 uses a combined hydraulic system, which includes a platform tipping mechanism, a brake system and steering. The whole thing is driven by an axial-piston two-section variable displacement pump. The total volume of the hydraulic system is 600 liters of oil, the pressure in the working circuit is 165 atmospheres. Steering at BelAZ with an emergency circuit - in the event of a failure of the main system or an engine stop, pneumohydraulic accumulators come into operation, the energy reserve of which is enough to make a couple of maneuvers. Suspension - fully dependent, 2 oil shock absorbers with gas support are installed in front, one at the rear. The shock absorbers are distinguished by ultra-small piston strokes: for the front axle 200 mm, for the rear 170 mm. By the way, in terms of the formation of the list additional options, mining dump trucks are no different from cars, of course, adjusted for specifics. So for BelAZ 75600, you can additionally order an air conditioner, additional heater, a tire pressure monitoring system and even heated rear-view mirrors! In addition, a dump truck can be equipped with very specific options, which is worth one warning system about approaching high-voltage lines or a vehicle loading control system.
2nd place. Caterpillar 797B.
The Caterpillar 797B is by design an ordinary truck, except perhaps a very large one. The representative of the most famous manufacturer of heavy equipment, Caterpillar 797B, deservedly settled in second place. Giant with gross weight almost 624 tons, able to take on board 345 tons cargo. At the same time, it has a rather exotic design for mining dump trucks. Although, if you look from the usual automotive point of view, the Caterpillar 797B is built according to traditional, even rather classic canons: a rear-wheel drive car with front-wheel steering, a turbo diesel engine and hydromechanical transmission.
The power unit of the Caterpillar 797B is amazing: 24 cylinders, 117 liters of displacement, 3550 horsepower and 16,000 Nm of torque! In front of the dump truck there is a huge 24-cylinder engine with a working volume of 117 liters! In order to create such an engine, the engineers actually had to take two Cat 3512B twelve-cylinder engines and combine them together. Despite the large volume, the engine power is only 4 horsepower more than BelAZ. The manufacturer promises to compensate such "stinginess" increased resource engine, and it was for this purpose that they were limited maximum speed. But the torque here is really a record: more than 16,000 Nm! From the engine, torque is transmitted through a short cardan shaft to the largest gearbox in the world! The hydromechanical planetary gearbox has 7 steps and is controlled by a computer.
In general, the Caterpillar 797B is rightfully considered one of the most electronically loaded mining trucks. The central unit controls hundreds of parameters and, depending on external conditions, corrects the operation of the engine, transmission and braking system. So during the start of a loaded dump truck or climbing uphill, the system briefly increases the torque by 22% of the nominal value and selects the optimal moments for shifting gears, and during braking it prevents the wheels from locking and the car moving off the path.
The love of Americans for “automatic machines” and volumetric engines made itself felt in heavy equipment - the Caterpillar 797B boasts the largest transmission and the most big engine. What really had to work hard on was the braking system. If the competitors, the main part of the work is taken over by electrodynamic brakes, then here the entire load falls on the hydraulics. In order to guarantee a fully loaded car to stop, the total working area of the brake discs had to be increased to 33 square meters - more than three times more than that of the same Komatsu. In addition, the brakes have a powerful oil cooling system and a reserve circuit with a hydraulic lock - as soon as the pressure in the circuit drops - brake cylinders the force of the spring stops the car.
Two pedals, steering wheel, automatic selector - workplace the driver is quite mediocre. By the way, the Caterpillar 797B boasts several records: the most big engine- 117 liters of working volume and 24 cylinders; the largest transmission, the largest maximum speed - almost 68 km / h; the most capacious fuel tank - 6800 liters. But still, it prevents him from taking the first place ...
1 place. Liebherr-T282B.
The eighth wonder of the world. That's what they called the Liebherr-T282B during the premiere, at a construction exhibition in Germany. 363 tons. More cargo than the Liebherr-T282B cannot yet be taken on board by any truck in the world. At the same time, its curb weight is 50 tons less than that of the Caterpillar 797B - 230 tons versus 280 for the American. It is by the ability to carry as much cargo as possible with the smallest dead weight that the perfection of design is judged, and in this parameter the Liebherr-T282B surpasses all its competitors. The car can be equipped with two engines: either an 18-cylinder Cummins QSK 78 (as in BelAZ 75600) weighing 11,300 kilograms, or a lighter and more powerful Detroit Diesel 20 with a volume of 90 liters and a capacity of 3650 l / s. The scheme of the power plant is classic for mining trucks - the engine drives the alternator, and the traction force is Siemens electric motors. 
20-cylinder engine with alternator located above the front wheels, traction motors- instead of the rear axle. Brakes are hybrid. The electrodynamic braking system takes over the main work, turning the traction electric motors into generators, which in turn extinguish the generated energy on special resistors. Hydraulic disc brakes work to help them: one at a time brake disc on the front wheels and a pair on the rear. Unlike other dump trucks, where one hydraulic system serves, steering, brakes and tipping system, here the first two systems are equipped with their own independent circuit with a volume of 1060 liters with a backup hydraulic accumulator.
In addition to technical data, the liquid crystal dashboard can display an image from video cameras located along the perimeter of the body. Driving such a colossus is not easy at all, and a driver’s mistake can be really expensive, so everything has been done in the car in order to make it easier for the driver to work shift. In the cabin, well protected from external noise and dust, the pedals and steering wheel are in their usual places, and in front of the driver's eyes is a progressive liquid crystal instrument panel. An air conditioner with a powerful air filtration system saves the driver from the heat, a no less powerful stove from the cold, and a modern audio system from boredom, and the realization that the largest car in the world obeys your hands.
In the mythological tales of many peoples, there are stories about terrible monsters that come out of the bowels of the earth and, with their appearance, mark the beginning of the end of the world. Today for the development of minerals open way real monsters are used, dump trucks that amaze with their size and quirkiness of designs
Thanks to the help of design friends, the Armington brothers designed and assembled what was in fact the world's first mining truck, that is, a truck for solving specific tasks, and not a universal chassis, which was what most truck manufacturers around the world were doing in those years. The car looked awkward, but its main characteristics were significantly different from existing similar cars. The body was of an unusual bucket shape with rear unloading, above the driver's cab - a kind of protective visor, wheels of different diameters. hallmark career car was its patency.
Photo source: website
On the rear, driving wheels, special rings with powerful lugs were put on. The carrying capacity of the first-born was about 8 tons, the driver's cab was not adapted for winter operation, had no doors, and therefore no heating. The history of the Ultra Truck class began at the beginning of the 20th century with the name Euclid, which appeared in 1931 on the radiator lining of heavy trucks. This is how the products of the Euclid Crane and Hoist Company, founded at the suggestion of the owners of Euclid Road Machinery, began to be called. Both of these companies were founded and incorporated by the five Armington brothers in Cleveland, Ohio. In the first years of their activity, the brothers were engaged in the repair and sale of various kinds of construction and agricultural equipment. In 1930, after analyzing the market, they decided to direct all their efforts into the production of heavy automotive equipment.
It was this truck that became the forerunner of a huge family of modern mining vehicles. To date, there are several largest manufacturers of Ultra Truck class trucks, but I would like to dwell on the most famous ones.
BELAZ
Speaking of dump trucks, we remember, first of all, BELAZ. Giants of Belarusian origin have always been the pride of the Soviet automotive industry. With each new model, their carrying capacity and dimensions grew, and today BELAZ-75306 is produced, capable of taking 220 tons of rock into its body. At the same time, the machine itself weighs 156 tons. Like most super dump trucks, BELAZ of this model has an electric transmission: a 2300 hp diesel engine. With. rotates the generator, which gives current to the leading electric motors. This is enough for the car to reach a speed of 45 km / h - more is not needed, given the complexity of driving such equipment and the peculiarities of dirt roads. However, special electronic systems that control the power steering and brakes free drivers from unnecessary effort, so the main thing for them is not to yawn.
Photo source: websiteBelarusian manufacturer of mining dump trucks "BELAZ"
Manufacturer BELAZ, Belarusian car factory, was built in 1948. The first mining dump truck BELAZ-540 was born in 1961, its carrying capacity was about 40 tons, which was impressive at that time. However, the designers continued to improve their offspring in the direction of increasing its size, and most importantly, its carrying capacity. In 1968, BELAZ trucks could already carry 80 tons of cargo, in 1978 - 100 tons, in 1982 - 170 tons. BELAZ 1990 was designed for a load of 280 tons. The first heavy-duty truck BELAZ-75600 with a carrying capacity of 320 tons was created in 2005. Now it is operated in Kemerovo at OJSC Kuzbassrazrezugol.
BELAZ-75600 is equipped with a diesel engine with an electronic control system, a transmission with a microprocessor control device, centralized system lubrication, combined fire extinguishing system with automatic control, a rear and side video review system, a double cab with a ROPS security system, which ensures a high level of safety and comfort for the driver, as well as low labor intensity of maintenance and repair. The truck manufactured by the Belarusian Automobile Plant is capable of speeds up to 64 km/h.
Terex
But BELAZ trucks are far from the largest dump trucks in the world. The oldest operating foreign auto giant is still the Terex 33-19 Titan, created back in 1974. General Motors, USA. This three-axle bogatyr is seven meters high with full body can reach a weight of 650 tons, so good skill is required to control it.
Terex was founded in 1968 as a result of organizational changes in the American industry, when, according to the decision of the antitrust commission of the US Department of Justice, the concern General Motors was forced to cede to the White Corporation his American enterprises Euclid. At the same time, the Euclid offices in the UK and Canada remained at the disposal of General Motors, but the trucks and road-building machines produced there were assigned the Terex brand. Subsequently, the production of such equipment began in the United States, and by the end of the 20th century, Terex was already one of the largest corporations in the world, consisting of four dozen manufacturers of construction and road equipment which operates in 120 countries around the world.
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Photo source: website
One of the main divisions of the Terex Corporation concern is the sector of quarry and off-road construction machines. As with the formation of Terex, the UK division of Terex Equipment Ltd remains the main center of their production. with a large and modern plant in the Scottish city of Motherwell. Standalone Terex trucks built there as far back as the 1970s became the backbone of the modern program, complemented by new, more advanced mining and articulated trucks. One of the largest American corporations, Terex, is still little known in the Eastern European market. However, due to the decline in sales heavy equipment on the American continent, a more active promotion of this powerful corporation to Europe is quite possible. It has already acquired a number of European firms and trademarks.
The largest mining machine in the world for a long time was considered a giant Terex 33-19 Titan, the brainchild of the Canadian branch of General Motors. The car was made in single copy in 1974. With its own weight of 260 tons, the giant could lift "on board" 350 tons of rock. Thus, its total weight was as much as 610 tons. Not only the carrying capacity of the giant is impressive, but also its dimensions: 20.09 x 7.57 x 6.88 m; and with the body raised, the height of the Titan reached 17 meters. Dumper It was driven by a two-stroke sixteen-cylinder diesel engine from a diesel locomotive with a capacity of 3300 liters. With.
Photo source: rm-terex.com
Terex has several companies that produce mining trucks. Most powerful machines produces Unit Rig (in Russia this brand is represented by Global Technology Group). The model range of TMT consists of nine diesel-electric dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 109-326 tons. A novelty is diesel-electric vehicles with wheel drive operating on alternating current (AC model index). These units are more compact and environmentally friendly than previous drives. direct current. They dramatically reduce oil consumption for cooling and wear protection. mechanical gears transmissions require less wearable electrical parts: brushes, collectors, rectifiers. The weight of the transported cargo, depending on the model, varies from 109 to 326 tons. The engine power of these models ranges from 895 to 2,090 kW. The machines have a reliable rigid frame of a shortened type, in which there are no curved elements - potential stress concentrators. This allows the plant to ensure guaranteed trouble-free operation of the frame for at least 40,000 hours. The warranty period of diesel engines, wheel drives and reinforced wheel bearings is about 20 thousand hours. The bottom of the body is made of sheet metal with a thickness of 19 mm, the thickness of the sides is 10 mm. Depending on the model, the bodies of these machines can transport from 69.6 to 218 m 3 of bulk material.
Despite such impressive and seemingly maximum parameters, Terex Titan was surpassed in terms of carrying capacity. Newer mining excavators of the same class can have a much larger payload - these are Caterpillar-797, Komatsu 930 E, Liebherr T282, etc. The giant Terex 33-19 Titan, after 12 years of not very profitable operation, almost went for scrap; but was saved and is now on display in Sparwood, Canada, to the delight of children and tourists.
Caterpillar
As mentioned above, the Caterpillar-797, which is capable of lifting more than 400 tons, has a greater carrying capacity than the Terex 33-19 Titan. The mass of an empty dump truck is 260 tons, its tire alone with a diameter of 3.7 meters weighs five tons, and a rather big stone house could easily fit in the back. True, the giant differs not only in its size and carrying capacity, but also in fuel consumption - 783 liters per 100 km. This feature forced the designers to put a 7-cubic meter fuel tank on it. Torque is transmitted to the wheels of the Caterpillar-797 from two engines with a total capacity of 3,400 hp. With. with four turbochargers that work through a 7-speed manual transmission, although the electric transmission is believed to provide a smoother ride, much needed for such equipment. Generally, on heavy vehicles put boxes with fifteen or even more steps. It is difficult to determine the real maximum speed of the Caterpillar-797, since it is equipped with electronic system speed limits - no more than 65 km / h. Considering not only the mass, but also the dimensions: 14.5 m long, 9 m wide and more than 7 m high, this is rational decision.
Photo source: website
Caterpillar's articulated hauler range smaller than the 797 includes the 725, 730, 735, and 740. Optionally, the 740 can be equipped with a non-lifting body ejector. Truck load capacity and engine power are 22.7 t/209 kW, 27.2/228, 31.8/272 and 36 t/310 kW, respectively.
Liebherr
Mining dump trucks of impressive size and carrying capacity are also produced in Europe. One of the representatives of the class is of German origin. This is the Liebherr T282B, which was commissioned by mining and processing plants in Australia, South Africa and Canada. Its carrying capacity is 336 tons, the mass of the car itself is 222 tons. Twenty-cylinder engine with a capacity of 3650 liters. with., which weighs 10 tons, allows the car to accelerate to 64 km / h. Volume fuel tank this moving house has 4,730 liters. When the giant raises his body, he rises above the ground at the height of a six-story building.
Photo source: website
The car has a second (passenger) seat in the cab and a display instead of a traditional instrument panel, which can display a lot of information (about engine operation, machine loading, malfunctions, and so on) and the "classic" instruments themselves, for example, an image of an analog speedometer with arrow and dial. Considering how many steps you need to overcome to get into the cockpit, the engineers came up with another thing that is useful in many cases - turning off the engine and de-energizing the car with a button located below, near the ground. Optional high power fog lights, air conditioning and CD player.
Euclid
Liebherr-America, Inc., part of the Liebherr group of companies (more than 60 companies in total), manufactures and supplies the mining industry with diesel-electric mining trucks that fully meet state of the art. The model range includes machines T 252, T 262, T 282. Depending on the model and modification, they can be equipped with DDC / MTU or Cummins engines. The electrical part of Liebherr machines was created in cooperation with Siemens and General Electric.
Euclid is one of the oldest dump truck manufacturers in the world, having been producing since 1933. In the post-war period, it grew to the size of a concern with enterprises in the USA, Great Britain and Canada, from the assembly lines of which heavy off-road vehicles came off, which, without exaggeration, were distinguished by their special strength. These successes did not go unnoticed, and in the following time, Euclid repeatedly became the property of large monopolies, among which were the automotive corporations General Motors, Daimler-Benz, Volvo and White, and its network of factories gave life new brand Terex.
Photo source: website
Currently, Euclid is part of the Japanese industrial holding Hitachi and, accordingly, is called Euclid-Hitachi. In general, the history of Euclid is probably one of the most confusing in the automotive industry, but this makes it one of the most interesting.
The next stage in the transformation of Euclid came in the 1990s. At the end of 1992, the Japanese industrial group Hitachi bought a 20% stake in the VME group, created concern Volvo with Euclid. In 1994, the joint Euclid-Hitachi chapter was formed. After two years the share Japanese company was increased to 60%, and in October 1998 Euclid was finally merged with Hitachi. At the same time, all production was withdrawn from the United States to the Canadian city of Guelph, although the headquarters of Euclid remained in Cleveland. To date, Euclid-Hitachi offers one of the most extensive dump truck programs in the world, ranging from 36t to 282t.
Komatsu
In June 1995, the Komatsu Dresser Company created the world's largest Komatsu 930E. Among Komatsu mining diesel-electric dump trucks, there are machines that, without exaggeration, can be called "mountains on wheels". These are models 930E and 830E with a carrying capacity of 290 and 231 tons, respectively. The machines are equipped with engines with a capacity of 1,902 and 1,865 kW. Currently, the only industrial model of the Ultra Truck class is the Komatsu 930E-2SE. 200 of these machines are in operation at 24 mines primarily in North America and Chile.
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Photo source: websiteSome Komatsu dump trucks can be called "mountains on wheels"
Several dump trucks are being tested in Australia and South Africa. 60% of Ultra Trucks work in copper mines. Sufficiently large fleets of such machines are used in coal pits and oil sands deposits. Iron ore owners do not buy heavy machinery, believed to be due to the fact that the price of this ore is relatively stable and does not force them to look for ways to reduce costs, as copper mining companies do.
Prospects for the development of the Ultra Truck class
There are projects of dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 500 tons or more, but the designers still intend to stop at this line. Of course, such a gigantic technique can significantly speed up the development of subsoil and reduce the cost of production - if the conditions of the quarry allow it to be used. Indeed, exploit giant excavator paired with a super dump truck at one time turned out to be more successful and profitable than using two dozen conventional excavators and trucks. However, so far the progressive development of the titans has stopped at the line of efficiency: further megalomania can only lead to a sharp rise in the cost of equipment, and it will be more profitable for the consumer to maintain two or three 300-ton trucks instead of one "five hundred". Besides, there is another problem. It is not difficult today to create a body of any size and the most powerful engine, but will a dirt road withstand a mass of 1000 or more tons? However, the best engineering minds are already thinking about this, and perhaps in the near future the first "thousanders" will still be tested.
Alexander Grigoriev
In the world there are several models of giant dump trucks used in heavy industry for quarrying. All of these supercars are unique in their class. Therefore, it is not surprising that every year a kind of competition is held between the producing countries: whose dump trucks are the most load-bearing, fast and enduring. A separate line indicates the question "in which country the largest dump truck in the world is produced." Technical progress no longer stop. Car performance has reached fantastic heights. At the same time, production technologies continue to improve. Therefore, the largest dump truck in the world may appear unexpectedly, as it happened more than once. The parameters, characteristics and dimensions of new models are regularly calculated by competent specialists in research centers. The analytical work of engineering services has an international scope.
mining giants
The world's largest dump truck, BelAZ-75710, a mining giant unrivaled, was unveiled at test site September 25, 2013. The machine is produced at the factories of OJSC "BelAZ", located in the city of Zhodino, not far from Minsk. The technical characteristics of the dump truck are impressive, it takes on board 450 tons of cargo, while its European and American counterparts lift only 380 tons. The giant weighs 810 tons, but at the same time it is able to reach speeds of up to 64 km / h. And although such speeds in career developments do not make sense, however, the very fact of such dynamics testifies to the unprecedented power of the car. new car was awarded the title of "The Biggest Dump Truck in the World 2013". Over the past year, not a single career car appeared in the world ranking, which could outstrip BelAZ-75710 in terms of its characteristics. Therefore, with every right, the Belarusian giant can bear the title of "The Biggest Dump Truck in the World in 2014". The release of the quarry giant has begun, the first machines are already working in the largest mines around the world.
In operating mode, the largest dump truck in the world usually moves through the mining area at a speed of 10-12 km / h. Maintenance of the machine consists in the periodic inspection of the power plant and chassis. Mechanics operate on the principle "it is easier to prevent a breakdown than to fix it later." Repair of a mining dump truck is possible only at specialized enterprises equipped with lifting mechanisms of type A from the quarry to the place of repair, the machine has to be delivered on several tractors. Manufacturers try to locate technical service centers in the zone of greatest accessibility to a quarry or a mine where dump trucks operate. Otherwise, the issue of delivering the car to the place of repair and back can result in a large sum. Therefore, there are special intermediary firms that are engaged in optimizing the location service centers. In addition, practice shows that the owners of large industrial developments in the field of extraction of raw materials and minerals purchase mining equipment from the same manufacturer. This allows you to work for years according to a well-established scheme with the least losses. Maintenance of the material part is usually carried out by specialists of the manufacturer who come to the site according to a certain schedule.
Fuel consumption - 500 liters per hour. Is it a lot or a little?
The largest dump truck in the world has, accordingly, a heavy-duty power plant, which consists of two diesel generators that produce a total thrust of 8500 hp. with., and supplies energy to four electric drives that ensure the rotation of the wheels. Electric motors drive the wheels of the dump truck when the body is fully loaded with maximum traction. And an empty car moves in the mode of 50% power cut, for this one of the diesel generators is turned off. Diesel fuel consumption in full mode is about 500 liters per hour. As we can see, the largest dump truck consumes a huge amount of fuel. However, the cost of diesel fuel is nothing compared to the economic benefits, which are expressed in seven figures. And it is thanks to the mining giants dump trucks.
Camcorders and other useful devices
The equipment of the BelAZ-75710 mining dump truck includes complex, but efficient systems fire extinguishing and viewing "dead" zones around the car. To do this, eight permanently operating video cameras are installed along the perimeter of the machine, transmitting information to monitors in the driver's cab. The driver-operator and navigator are accommodated in a double spacious cabin. In addition to the video review, the dump truck is equipped with a special device that warns of approaching high-voltage lines. The cabin has air conditioning in summer and a heater in winter. The largest dump truck in the world BelAZ-75710 is a supercar designed to work in difficult conditions at temperatures ranging from minus 50 to plus 50 degrees. The resource of the machine allows you to operate it around the clock.
The largest dump truck in the world: characteristics
Dimensions:
- Length - 20 m 600 cm.
- Height - 8170 mm.
- Width - 9750 mm.
Weight characteristics:
- The weight of the dump truck without loading is 360,000 kg.
- Carrying capacity - 450 tons.
- Gross weight - 810 tons.
Power point:
- Two diesel generators with a capacity of 4664 liters. With. each, the total energy of 8500 liters. With.
- The number of cylinders is 32, the arrangement is in-line.
- Fuel consumption - 500 liters per hour.
- The number of fuel tanks - 2 x 2800 liters.
- Drive - electric motors on each rear wheel with a capacity of 1200 kW.
Chassis:
Inaccessible BelAZ-75710
The largest dump truck in the world, the photo of which is presented on the page, is still an orange giant that rolled off the assembly line in the Belarusian city of Zhodino. The BelAZ engineering team is currently preparing a number of improvements that will further strengthen the already high rating of the 75710 model. Thus, the largest dump truck in the world, with a carrying capacity of more than 450 tons, will become unattainable in the coming years for competing manufacturers.
The production of quarry equipment is associated with very high costs. Therefore, there are no new major manufacturers. But there are many contractors who are able to produce high-quality components and assemblies for machines operating in the mining industry. These are engine builders, super tire companies and other specialized enterprises available for cooperation. Career automotive equipment is expensive, the price of a high-class dump truck reaches five to six million dollars. However, the machine justifies the costs in the first two years, while bringing a significant profit.
They never stand idle, in most cases this technique works around the clock. The management of the mining section should only prepare the drivers on time, and BelAZ, Caterpiller and Komatsu will do the rest.
In fact, the demand for mining trucks in the world is very small. These machines, once sent to the quarry, work there for decades without requiring replacement. In particular, because repairs are much cheaper - mining dump trucks are usually assembled by hand in very small batches.
In the past, there were other manufacturers, now liquidated, in particular, Euclid (1924-1968), Unit Rig (1935-1960), Bucyrus (1880-2011). Some companies did not disappear, but simply curtailed production mining trucks, such as the Romanian DAC, the Austrian WABCO or the German Kress. Previously, small mining dump trucks were in the range of the Mogilev Automobile Plant (MoAZ), now a branch of BelAZ.
BelAZ (Zhodino, Belarus). The Belarusian Automobile Plant was founded in 1948 and is still one of the world's largest manufacturers of mining equipment, as well as mining, metallurgical and other equipment. At first, mining dump trucks MAZ-525 were assembled in Zhodino, but in 1961 the first own model, a 27-ton BelAZ-540, appeared. There are 13 models in the range. BelAZ is the world record holder - the BelAZ-75710 (2013) model with a payload capacity of 450 tons is the largest truck in the world. Actually, he's in the picture.
Liebherr (Bieberach an der Ries, Germany). A German-Swiss company founded in 1949 by Hans Liebherr. It produces the widest range of products - all kinds of construction and port cranes, household appliances, machine tools, excavators, equipment for the aviation and railway sectors. There are 3 models in the line of mining dump trucks today. The picture shows the company's heaviest truck, the Liebherr T 284 (2012) with a load capacity of 363 tons.
Terex (Westport, USA). One of the largest technology companies in the world, producing almost any equipment for road construction, mining, oil, transportation, processing industries and utilities. Founded in 1933 by George Armington and has been expanding ever since, absorbing younger competitors. It was Terex who once made the world's largest mining trucks, but today the line is small, consisting of only 4 models, the largest of which is the 100-ton Terex TR100 (1998), in the picture.
Caterpillar (Peoria, USA). Another American giant, a manufacturer of all kinds of special equipment - tractors, excavators, road construction machines, loaders, logging equipment and so on. And also - surprisingly - well-known brand shoes, but this is rather a side business. The company was founded in 1925. Currently, there are 17 dump trucks in the range of mining trucks, the largest of which is the 363-ton Caterpillar 797F (2009).
Komatsu (Tokyo, Japan). Large Japanese conglomerate producing mining trucks various types(including trolleycars and autonomous drones), as well as various road construction equipment, forklifts, pipelayers, mining equipment, presses and other industrial equipment, military equipment and so on. The company was founded in 1921. The range includes 14 mining trucks, the largest of which is a 400-tonne Komatsu 980E-4 (2016), pictured.
Hitachi (Tokyo, Japan). A powerful Japanese corporation with dozens of divisions and producing everything from computers and household appliances to road construction machines and mining trucks, from ships and trains to medical supplies. In general, really, everything. Founded in 1910, it has been building heavy mining equipment since 1951. There are 5 mining trucks in the range, the largest is the 326-ton Hitachi EH5000AC-3 (2013).
Sanyi (Changsha, China). A Chinese company that produces all kinds of road construction, quarry, oil production equipment, as well as wind turbines and various energy devices. One of the youngest mining trucks on the market - founded in 1989. In the range - 3 not very large mining dump trucks. The largest is the 95-ton Sanyi SRT95C.
XCMG (Xuzhou, China). Another newly formed Chinese company compared to others, producing almost any heavy equipment (we will not once again list “road construction, mining ...”). It was founded in 1989 and today it ranks 5th in terms of capital in its industry. The range of mining dump trucks includes 5 models, the largest of which is the XCMG XDE400 with a payload capacity of 400 tons (pictured). The funny thing is that it can be ordered not only through an authorized dealer, but also on ... the Alibaba online marketplace.
Beml (Bangalore, India). The largest Indian company for the production of road and so on equipment and trucks. Founded in 1964. There are 6 models in the range of mining dump trucks, the largest of which is the 205-ton Beml BH205E, in the picture. It is the first truck of this type, completely developed and produced in India.
LiuGong (Guangxi, China). Chinese manufacturer cranes, excavators and the list goes on, founded in 1958 (that is, not from the "new Chinese"). So far, it has not really turned around in the mining dump truck market, only one 46-ton LiuGong SGR50 model.
