Hi all! It will be about tracklayer BAT-M (product 405mu) developed on the basis Artillery tractor AT-T (product 401).
Images of the machine, specifications and more can be found on our website, and I wanted to tell you about the machine from the point of view of a leading specialist in the repair of engineering equipment.
My acquaintance with the car happened at the beginning of military service in the Far East in the 90s. Then, as a young lieutenant, traveling on business trips, in one of the motorized rifle units I saw for the first time BAT-M. At that time, the purpose of this machine was still unclear, but it was terribly interesting why it had so much equipment on it (dump, crane, winch). I served in the Railway Troops and we had nothing like that.
Years have passed and now, on the basis of our enterprise, we again met with this miracle machine, which came to us for repair. The car had to be studied from scratch, from its purpose to the last screw. At first it was not easy the new kind equipment, repair requirements, experience with this equipment. But it turned out that, with her formidable appearance, she is relatively simple compared to her modern counterpart. BAT-2 (Object 454) which I encountered at the enterprise at the beginning of my career and only then with BAT-M. And therefore it was something to compare and not in the picture.
One of the advantages BAT-M that it has a conventional mechanical transmission. The drive from the engine is carried out through main clutch(401.07Сб-А) (multi-disc metal on metal) which was amazing how this is possible. However, it works and reliably - with respect to the developers! Then the drive goes to the gearbox (401.08Sb-1A) and planetary turning mechanisms (401.09.2Sb and 401.09.3Sb), thanks to which the machine makes turns with a slowdown of 1.42 times or a U-turn due to blocking the PMP with a stop tape. Adjustment of control drives is carried out using a ruler and a metalwork tool. What can you say about the next generation of cars BAT-2 with hydraulic control, which require special equipment and equipment for diagnostics and repair and, of course, trained specialists.
BAT-M- a car of the past, but relevant to this day. Interest in the car is shown by organizations and enterprises based on speed characteristics machine and its performance:
The productivity of laying a column track through shrubs and small forests is 4-8 km / h;
The performance of laying the path in the snow - 8-10 km / h
The simplicity of the design is also captivating, a warm cabin due to the cooling of the cooling radiator and the engine, which is located under the cabin, a crane installation (P1000-00-00) of 2 tons. and a reach of 5.4m, which serves itself when assembling (disassembling) the working equipment, a winch (401.18.1Sb-4) with a force of 20 tons, which, in addition to the main functions, helps in transferring the working body to the transport position.
The hydraulic system of the working body is controlled by electric switches on the control levers of the machine - convenient and easy.
On the basis of our enterprise, there were many such machines under repair. Their condition was different - mangled, incomplete, covered with rust and moss.
The whole team of the repair team had to make every effort to bring the car to the required condition, and then, together with the customer, feel a sense of delight from the state of the car.
The use of the BAT-M track builder in the liquidation of the consequences of the radiation catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is due to the unique technical characteristics of this special equipment.
Equipped with a pressurized cabin, which allowed the crew to work in conditions of radiation and chemical contamination of the area, BAT-M was widely used to perform earthworks right next to the destroyed power unit.
Based on artillery tractor(AT-T) and equipped with a working body, which is installed in a grader, bulldozer and two-blade position, BAT-M was used to remove the top layer of soil heavily contaminated with radionuclides at the Chernobyl industrial site. The working body of the BAT-M is equipped with a ski, which made it possible to carry out the removal of soil to a given thickness required by the operator. IN transport position the working body is thrown onto the roof, which allows you to remove the load on the front of the machine and thereby increase the cross-country ability. Possessing high traffic with a weight of 27 tons, BAT-M can be used for work on rough terrain, making passages in small forests and bushes, backfilling ditches and trenches, excerpts of pits.
BAT-M can also be used in different conditions terrain - on snow, in wetlands, as well as on soils with a slight texture(sands and sandy loams).
In addition, BAT-M is equipped with a winch and a crane (with a lifting capacity of 2 tons), which makes it possible to involve a track builder to clear the rubble of buildings and structures in zones of military conflicts or in places of man-made accidents.
The use of BAT in the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster
During the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, BAT-M was used to carry out mechanized (operational) work to decontaminate the territories adjacent to the destroyed nuclear reactor.
In order to understand in what monstrous radiation conditions the liquidators had to work, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the exposure dose rate map near the destroyed Chernobyl reactor. Radiation data are presented for the beginning and middle of summer 1986.
Map of the MED in 1986 near the 4th block of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Levels of exposure dose rate (R/h) on the territory of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the period of the initial stage of construction of the Shelter. The values circled in yellow are DER at 1 meter from the ground as of June 10, 1986. Figures not circled are MED as of July 22, 1986.
At first (May-June) after the accident, there was an urgent need to reduce the radiation dose rate in the territories adjacent to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. BAT-M was used to remove the topsoil and bury it in trenches and ditches.
This special equipment also carried out work to eliminate heavily polluted buildings and structures in the villages of the exclusion zone - Kopachi and Chistogalovka.
One of the most important works in the exclusion zone, which were carried out with the use of BAT, is the elimination and burial of a dead forest that died from lethal doses of radiation, called the Red Forest.
Photos of BAT while working in the exclusion zone and at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Photo of BAT-M track builder at work on the industrial site of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Near ABK-1 (administrative building) of the nuclear power plant.
BAT in equipment burial grounds in the Chernobyl zone
During the work, the BAT-M was heavily contaminated with radionuclides and sent to special equipment burial grounds. One of the burial grounds of equipment is located near the abandoned locality Rassokha. The photo shows modern views BAT-M left in the zone forever.
Mileage 124 km. On the platform will drive under its own power. machine with documents
From the release of the "beast" to our time
If we recall the beginning of the production of these monsters, and it was 1966, then we can compare BAT-M with Nikola Tesla, saying that the car was ahead of its time, and even then it was not needed as much as it is now. If we now consider the market that they offer us modern manufacturers machines of this kind, then none of them will be able to compete with BAT-M in terms of functionality, not to mention the prices for such products, although irreplaceable, but quite rare.
The BAT-M model is still relevant today.
You can talk a lot about her merits with technical side as equipment, but do not forget about its advantages as a means of operation: a spacious cabin, where two adults can comfortably sit, and due to the location of the engine under the cabin, the problem of heating the passenger compartment in cold weather is easily solved. winter time. From the people who closely dealt with this unusual car(and these are maintenance personnel and operating drivers), you can get surprisingly unanimous reviews. BAT-M, whose work did not leave anyone dissatisfied, receives only good ratings from consumers.
Reliable old "BAT-M"
Remembering the year of production, one can call these cars pensioners, dinosaurs, relics of the past, but in contrast, only one, but very subtle, argument can be made. What can we talk about if more than 50 years since the beginning of the production of this equipment, a machine has not been invented that is more convenient to use?
Base vehicle - tractor AT-T (product "401")
Height - 3.7 m;
Engine - V-401 or A-401G, four-stroke uncompressed diesel engine with direct injection fuel;
Engine power at 1600 rpm. - 415 l. s (305.23 kW);
Base of track rollers, mm 3748
Track, mm 2640
Ground clearance, mm 425
Track track width, mm 500
Climbability, hail 40
Fording depth, m 1.1
Width of the overcome ditch, m 1.8
Number of seats in the cabin 4
Motor resource reserve before overhaul, moto/h 3000
Fuel consumption per 1 hour of operation - 38 l;
Refueling tanks;
Fuel: 1102 l / L, Z, A
Oil: (engine/transmission) 135 l mt-16p / 79.5 l mt-16p
Cooling: 85 l / A-40, A-65
Hydraulics: (syst / tank) 275 l / 150 l AU
Working length of the cable - 100 m;
Specific ground pressure - 072 kg / sq. cm.
Body length without working body and ski - 7000 mm
Body length without skis - 9.4 m
Body length with ski - 10.5 m
Capture width in grader position - 4 m;
Capture width in a two-blade position - 4.5 m;
Capture width in bulldozer position - 5 m;
Performance when laying column tracks in the bush, undergrowth and virgin lands - 4-8 km / h;
The speed of clearing the column track from snow is 8-10 km / h (with snow depth up to 1 meter)
Productivity when moving soil when constructing ramps, slopes and ravines, backfilling anti-tank ditches - 100-200 m3 / h;
Productivity when making passages in stone blockages - 15-20 m/h;
Crane lifting capacity - 2 tons;
Boom reach - 5.4 m;
Traction force winches 20t (when using a pulley block 40t).
average speed- 20-22 km / h;
Max speed movement - 35 km / h;
Power reserve - 550 km;
Tracklayer weight - 27.5 tons;
Crew - 2 people.
When arranging crossings over ravines and ditches, arranging descents to crossings;
The main parts of the track-laying machine are the base machine (product 454 or MT-T) and working equipment.
The working equipment installed on the BAT-2 track-laying machine is intended for the development of frozen and non-frozen soils and for carrying out lifting operations. The working equipment includes bulldozer equipment, loosening and crane equipment, power take-off mechanism, hydraulic drive and electrical equipment.
Equipment
Fig.1.
1 - bulldozer equipment, 2 - base machine 3 - crane equipment, 4 - loosening equipment, 5 - longitudinal bar of the wrapping frame.
Bulldozer Equipment designed for layer-by-layer development and soil movement. Type of equipment – with universal blade. Blade width in the position of the tracklayer – 4000 mm, bulldozer – 4570 mm, grader – 4300 mm. Blade height 1200 mm. Recess size 450 mm, lifting – 3700 mm. Blade tilt angle up to 10 degrees.
The bulldozer equipment is located in front of the machine and consists of a wrapping frame, a push frame, a blade, a ski and control mechanisms.
wrapping frame designed to transfer forces from the machine body to the push frame. It has a U - shaped form and consists of two side longitudinal bars connected in front of the machine body by a transverse beam and two thrust brackets.
push frame designed to transfer the forces that occur during the development of the soil, from the enclosing frame to the blade and all the main parts of the bulldozer equipment attached to it. It is a welded box-section structure made in the form of an arch.
Dump designed for layer-by-layer cutting and formation of a soil prism. It perceives the forces from the pushing frame in the process of excavation. The main parts of the dump are the left and right wings and central part. The left and right wing of the dump are identical in structure and are a welded metal structure.
Lizha designed to control the thickness of the cut soil layer with the track-laying position of the blade wings. It perceives the vertical loads that occur during the development of the soil, and thereby partially unloads the hydraulic cylinders of the lifting mechanism. When the machine moves forward, the ski copies the surface of the terrain, forcing the blade to rise or fall, maintains a constant thickness of the cut soil. It is attached to the central part of the blade and moved forward. The main parts of the ski are the bracket, support, chain and hydraulic cylinder.
Control mechanisms designed to change the position of bulldozer equipment. These include: two wing mounting mechanisms, a blade tilt mechanism, a swivel mechanism and a bulldozer equipment lifting mechanism.
In the transport position, the bulldozer equipment is fixed with two fingers by connecting the beam to the machine body and two screw rods that connect the machine body to the oscillating racks.
Bulldozer equipment is controlled from control panels.
Skis
Fig.2.
A - grader position, B - bulldozer position, C - track-laying position. 1 - wing, 2 - capture; 3 - telescopic rod; 4 and 13 - hooks; 5, 12, 18 - hydraulic cylinders, 6 - push frame, 7 - cross beam; 8 and 14 - levers; 9 and 11 - hydraulic cylinders of the skew mechanism; 10 - tubular pin; 15 - ski; 16 - chain; 17 - ski runner; 18 - finger; 20 - blade; 21 - cover; 22 - blade knives.
Loosening equipment designed for loosening hard and frozen upper layers of soil. It is installed at the rear of the base machine and consists of a working element and a travel drive.
work item consists of a rack, a tip and fastening details. The rack is the bearing element. The tip, which has a wear-resistant surfacing, is a variable part and directly performs the separation of soil destruction during the movement of the tracklayer.
Travel drive of the working element is a parallelogram structure, which consists of two upper rods, a frame, a housing and two hydraulic cylinders. The parallelogram design provides a constant cutting angle regardless of how deep the working element is in the ground.
Loosening of hard and frozen soils is carried out on reverse gear with forward reverse. The working element cuts a number of longitudinal furrows to a depth of 0.5 m with a distance between them of 0.7-0.9 m. If necessary, transverse furrows are cut at an angle of 50-60 degrees to the longitudinal ones.
Baking powder
Fig.3.
1 - beam; 2 – hydraulic cylinder; 3 - body; 4 - working element; 5 - frame.
Crane equipment designed for mechanization of loading and unloading operations. His maximum load capacity on all booms – 2 t. Maximum hook reach – 7.37 m. Hook lifting height – 7.42 m, drop depth from track ground – 5 m. Distance at maximum hook reach side track – 5.76 m, to the loosening equipment rack – 3 m, to the beam in the transport position of the bulldozer equipment – 3.04 m. Load lifting (lowering) speed – 0.196-0.04 m/s.
Main parts crane equipment is a slewing device, a boom, a slewing mechanism, a cargo winch, a hydraulic cylinder for changing the boom radius, safety devices and electrical equipment.
Turntable is designed for attaching crane equipment to the machine body and transferring static and dynamic loads arising from the operation of mechanisms. The main parts of the turntable are the base, thrust bearing and turntable.
Arrow is designed for fastening mechanisms and transferring the forces arising from the movement of the load to the turntable. It consists of fixed and retractable sections.
turning mechanism, designed to rotate the crane equipment about the vertical axis and stop it in the required position. It is mounted on top of the turntable and consists of a hydraulic motor 210.20, worm gear, glass, driven gear and brake.
Safety devices designed to ensure trouble-free operation of crane equipment. Safety devices include a load limiter and a hook height limiter.
electrical equipment intended for remote control operation of the hydraulic drive, ensuring the operation of safety devices, alarms, lighting. The electrical equipment includes a block of equipment, electrical equipment, hydraulic panels, connecting boards, a rotating contact device, Limit switches load capacity limiter and hook block lifting height limiter, lamps, covers, sockets, remote control.
Tap
Fig.4.
1 - cargo winch; 2 - hook clip; 3 - arrow; 4 – boom departure hydraulic cylinder; 5 – turning mechanism; 6 - turntable.
Power take-off designed to drive hydraulic pumps. It is installed on the left in the middle part of the body of the base machine and consists of a gearbox drive and a hydraulic pump gearbox.
Gear drive is a connecting link between the winch gearbox and the power take-off shaft. It is a shaft, at the ends of which splines are made for connection with the power take-off shaft of the winch gearbox of the base machine and with the shaft of the hydraulic pump gearbox.
Hydraulic pump reducer is a gear mechanism, made together with a friction clutch, designed to turn on and transmit torque from the power take-off shaft to hydraulic pumps. The gearbox is equipped with two hydraulic pumps 210.25 and two – 210.16. The gearbox housing is collapsible.
The gear pump NSh-10E3 is installed in the gearbox, which provides oil supply to engage the friction clutch. The oil supply is carried out through a system of valves located in the cover, into the cavity under the piston installed in the friction clutch drum that compresses the discs. By compressing the disks, the clutch drum and the driven drum are connected to the gear wheel, which transmits torque to the hydraulic pump shafts.
Hydraulic pump reducer
Fig.5. Hydraulic pump gearbox.
1 – hydraulic pump, 2 – housing, 3 – oil intake, 4 – friction clutch, 5 - gear pump NSh 10-E, 6 - drive shaft assembly.
hydraulic drive designed to control bulldozer, loosening and crane equipment. With the help of a hydraulic drive, the blade is deepened and deepened, the bulldozer loosening equipment and skis are transferred to the working or transport position, the blade is skewed, the wings of the blade are fixed in various working positions, the boom is raised or lowered, the rotation mechanism and the cargo winch of the crane equipment are driven.
The main parts of the hydraulic drive are a hydraulic tank, two hydraulic pumps 210.25, two hydraulic pumps 210.16, three hydraulic panels, two hydraulic cylinders for fixing the levers of the blade wings setting mechanisms, two hydraulic cylinders for loosening equipment, two hydraulic cylinders for tilting the blade, a ski hydraulic cylinder, two hydraulic cylinders for lifting bulldozer equipment, a hydraulic drive for crane equipment, an emergency unit and cooler.
Hydraulic drive scheme
Fig.6. Scheme of the BAT-2 hydraulic drive.
1 - hydraulic lock, 2 - throttle 3 - hydraulic cylinder for changing the reach of the boom, 4 - hydraulic motor of the cargo winch, 5 - hydraulic cylinders of the brakes of the cargo winch; 6-8, 34-39, 44-47 - three-piece spool 85/2; 9,10, 14,16 and 33 - electromagnetic cranes GA 192/1, 11 - hydraulic cylinder of the turning mechanism, 12 - hydraulic motor 210.2, 13 - safety valve BG52-24 (13MPa), 15 and 25 - safety valves BG 52-54 (16MPa), 17 - safety valve 32-200 (16MPa), 18 - safety valve (0.3 MPa), 19 - radiator, 20 - hydraulic pumps 210.25, 21 - hydraulic pumps 210.16, 22 - hydrocyclones, 23 - check valve, 24 - hydraulic tank, 26 - safety valve (1.0 MPa), 27 and 32 - hydraulic cylinders for lifting bulldozer equipment, 28 - emergency unit; 29 - hydraulic cylinders for loosening equipment, 30 - floating position spools; 31 - safety valve BG 52-24 (20 MPa), 40 and 43 - hydraulic cylinders of the blade turning mechanism; 41 - hydraulic cylinders for fixing the levers for establishing blade wings; 42 - hydraulic cylinders of the blade skew mechanism, 48 - ski hydraulic cylinder; 49 - connector valve
electrical equipment designed for remote control of a hydraulic drive, for level and temperature control working fluid and to ensure safe work mechanisms. Consumers are supplied with electricity from the network of the base machine.
The electrical equipment includes:
- remote control installed in the cab on the left wall,
- block relay installed in the cab on the front wall;
- remote control;
- electrical equipment of hydraulic panels;
- crane electrical equipment;
- switches on the control levers for turning the conveyor;
- hydraulic fluid level switch in the hydraulic tank,
- electric thermometer for remote control of the temperature of the working fluid in the hydraulic drive and oil in the pump gearbox;
- lighting lanterns, electrical cables, plugs and sockets.
Tactical and technical characteristics
| Technical performance when laying column tracks, km / h: | |
| - over rough terrain | 6-8 |
| - in the bushes | 2-3 |
| - on virgin snow | 8-15 |
| - in the woods | 0,2 |
| Technical performance during terrain planning, descents and backfilling of funnels, m 3 / h | 350-400 |
| Maximum transport speed, km/h | 60 |
| Average transport speed dirt roads, km/h | 28-35 |
| Weight, t | 39,7 |
| Overall dimensions in transport position, mm | |
| - length | 9640 |
| - width | 4000 |
| - height | 3690 |
| Calculation, persons | 2 |
| Periodicity Maintenance, engine hours: | |
| – ETO | 1,5-2 |
| – TO-1 | 100 |
| – TO-2 | 300 |
| Labor intensity of maintenance, pers. / hour: | |
| – TO-1 | 16-21 |
| – TO-2 | 29-30 |
| Fuel consumption, l: | |
| - per 100 km run | 275-300 |
| - for 1 hour of engine operation | 80-100 |
| Fuel reserve along the way, km | 500 |
| Loosening depth, mm | at least 500 |
| Lifting capacity of crane equipment, t | 2 |
| Pulling force of the winch, tf | 25 |
