Rostov International Institute of Economics
North Caucasian Academy of Public Administration
COURSE WORK
Prepared
2nd year student 2 groups
Bayan Artyom Sergeevich
Teacher
Associate Professor Kharchenko Ivan Semyonovich
Rostov-on-Don
1. Introduction 3
2. Global automotive industry today 6
2.1. Big Three 12
2.3 Asian passenger car market 21
2.4 Russia 23
3. “Green cars – myth or reality?! 25
4. Prospects for the development of the industry 27
Sources of information 28
Introduction.
The significance of the automotive industry and the prospects for its development are determined by the place that vehicles occupy in the transport and energy infrastructure, and its overall role in the national economy of a country. Thus, Deputy Minister of Industry, Science and Technology Sergei Mitin noted that the leading countries in the automotive industry also occupy first positions in the world economy; the automotive industry directly affects technological progress and speaks better than many statistical calculations about the solvency of the population, and therefore about the standard of living. The automotive industry, being, on the one hand, a major consumer of material, labor and financial resources, and on the other hand, one of the main manufacturers of industrial products, plays an important role in the development of social production and the country's economy as a whole.
In terms of the combination of the design and technological complexity of each product with the mass scale of production, the automotive industry has no analogues among other branches of modern engineering. This feature is associated high degree concentration of capital in the automotive industry, as well as the rapid reduction in the number of firms - independent producers.
The above factors have led to an intensification of competition between global automotive companies to maintain their share of the domestic market and expand export trade. In the face of such fierce competition, some states are taking a number of measures to limit the influence of large foreign companies on the domestic automotive market.
Developed countries are largely dependent on the automotive industry, as auto-TNCs in these countries play a very large role in their economy.
Currently, the automotive industry is undergoing a process of restructuring the regional structure, the beginning of which was evident in the 80s. This process includes both a redistribution of the share between the leading centers of capitalist production and an increase in the share of economically developing countries in which, under the influence of major world automotive companies there is an intensive development of automotive production.
The process of forming the maximum possible automated factories can be considered completed, in which human labor is simplified or automated, and on most of the conveyor line, operations are performed by robots. The only exceptions are outdated third world factories, as well as small-scale and piece production, in which manual labor is a tradition and is highly valued.
The modern automotive world is also characterized by a high degree of specialization. There are a number of major corporations specializing in the production of specific parts and blocks of cars (motors, transmissions, tires, mufflers, car appliances, etc.). This division of labor was caused by the struggle for the maximum optimization of the use of available funds and the achievement of maximum technical and operational performance of products.
Another important feature of the automotive industry is internal and inter-firm cooperation. Currently, there is not a single major automotive company that does not have intercompany agreements on the mutual supply of individual components, as well as the joint development or production of products. However, it should be noted that there are smaller companies that are less involved in this process.
In a market, open, unstable economic environment, characteristic of almost all countries, the influence of product exports on ensuring a strong economic position of a company has significantly increased.
The process of concentration of forces in the automotive industry is intensifying. According to a study by the financial institution HypoVereinsbank, out of five and a half thousand suppliers of the industry by 2010, less than half will remain in the world, and out of fifteen large automobile concerns - no more than ten. In the next decade, the automotive industry will develop especially actively in the countries of Asia, Eastern Europe and South America (that is, markets that have not been formed in the automotive concept). According to experts' forecasts, the annual growth of the industry in these regions will be 7.5%. The best chances for survival will be those companies that will create their own production facilities in these parts of the planet.
According to HypoVereinsbank, the annual turnover of the global automotive industry is today 2 trillion 450 billion euros.
The global automotive industry today .
By the new century, the automotive industry emerged with three distinct areas of concentration: the North American market, the European zone, and Asia, which includes primarily Japan and Korea.
Last year, 56.8 million new cars were sold worldwide. The most capacious is still the US automotive market. According to the results of 2001, more than 17.2 million new cars were sold there, which is about 30% of world sales. Japan and South Korea are in second place in terms of car sales - 10 million or 17.5% of the world market. Europe is in third place. About 9 million cars were sold there (16% of the world volume). Russia settled at the end of a long list of countries with a score of 1,200,000 new cars, or 0.2%.
It should be noted that each of these markets has its own distinctive features! Manufacturers now simply have to study consumer tastes and preferences, while using all the achievements of progress. Otherwise, a potential buyer will simply buy the car he needs from a competitor! The following can be distinguished characteristics cars of various manufacturers.
For American manufacturers of the end of the last century was characterized by gigantism: the machines were very large both inside and out! American SUVs (jeeps) seemed especially terrifying and unusual for Europeans or Japanese. Equipped with large engines (up to 6.0 liters of working volume), they were extremely uneconomical and were mostly not used for their intended purpose (off-road). Now american cars look a little different, although the most popular car is the Ford F-series pickup. And half of all cars sold in America are pickup trucks, SUVs or minivans. Large sedans are also popular. executive class. From a technical point of view, the dream of an American is a car with big engine, automatic transmission, with a selector located on the steering column, a large trunk and many "cup holders" - round containers in which you can put a can of Coca-Cola.
European cars are distinguished by their restraint and outwardly very traditional. Cars of European manufacturers have an exact division into classes and all classes, from small cars to executive sedans, are well-produced in Europe. European cars are more restrained in size than American cars: smaller dimensions, smaller engines and less spacious salons. Cars equipped with automatic transmissions account for about half of all sold. Interiors of Eurocars often have leather and wood trim, and are also well thought out in terms of ergonomics. There is a wide range of cars of smaller classes, as well as large sedans. great attention is given to the economy and environmental friendliness of the purchased car. And also an important criterion when choosing a car for a European is its driving performance: handling and comfort are valued.
Asian cars are also distinguished by their "Asian" design. They often have narrow or small headlights and smooth body lines. The "Japanese" are very good from a technical point of view. And according to the options offered, a Japanese car for the domestic market can outperform an American or European one. Environmental friendliness and economy are also at the forefront here. Very popular in Japan and other Asian countries are small and medium cars, as well as sports cars, which are most often based on serial sedans. Much attention is paid to the engines and driving characteristics of cars, which should satisfy lovers of active driving, who choose cars only with manual box gear!
All these traditions and preferences must be taken into account by manufacturers in order for their cars to be successful with buyers. And really carried out numerous studies in this area to create cars for a specific car market or even a country! Taking into account all the data, as well as experience, manufacturers produce exactly the machines that consumers are waiting for on the market. And therein lies the success! So the markets are filled with several successful models.
However, there are exceptions - the so-called "world cars", which are designed to be sold on all continents. A few recent examples of such vehicles are the VWNewBeetle and the Mini, which were built with specific mid-century car designs in mind. IN this case The nostalgic factor played a huge role. Although from a technical point of view, these cars are modern, but not perfect. Now they are selling well in Europe and America.
It will not be superfluous to note that the automotive "ideologies" of different markets have had a strong influence on each other, making cars more "international". When a manufacturer prepares to launch a car on the market, he basically counts on two or three countries in which it will be sold. Therefore, for good sales and making a good profit, the car must combine the passions and preferences of the people living in these countries.
Some firms produce cars for a specific category of people. Factors such as income, position in society, age and lifestyle are taken into account.
In the current conditions of the most acute competition, not a single large company can afford to produce cars similar in class to different technical base, because the development of a fundamentally new machine is very expensive and time-consuming for the manufacturer. This, ultimately, affects the timeliness of the appearance of a new car on sale and its price. Therefore, large car factories are trying to occupy intermediate niches between the main models, making small upgrades and changing the appearance. Moreover, recently cars of “non-standard” sizes and classes are in good demand.
One example is the construction of various cars by the Volkswagen concern. Seven cars were built on the so-called GolfIV base, which were produced at about the same time (VWGolfIV, AudiA3, SkodaOctavia, AudiTT, SeatToledo…). In the end, both the producer and the consumer won: Volkswagen made a profit, as it was represented on the market by a large number of cars that were close in class; the consumer has chosen a good car to his liking, paying a reasonable price.
Automakers over the past few years have introduced a huge number of transmissions in different options and new engines. Many alternatives to automatic transmissions have appeared: varieties of CVTs (the Japanese succeeded here), various sequential boxes gear, etc. All this is done to attract all more customers, showing them all the benefits of new parts. One of the evolutionary movements forward was the appearance of an engine with distributed fuel injection, which was patented by Mitsubishi. Cars with such engines have become much more dynamic, more economical and meet the strictest environmental requirements. A few years after the appearance of such an engine in Mitsubishi, all major car companies have such engines in their arsenal.
Huge amounts of money are spent by global automakers on the development of new cars, including their design. Modern cars are not just means of transportation, but also objects that should cause pleasant sensations in people. Sometimes these very "vehicles" become just a work of design art. Behind this is the long-term work of large design centers, which employ dozens and hundreds of designers from different countries. Among other things, the design of the new car should carry "family features". That is, a completely new car should retain the distinctive features of previous generations. The car must be easily recognizable so that the consumer can confidently say that it is a BMW or, say, a Honda.
Toyota's newest design center, ED 2, opened in May 2000. The area on which it is located is 40 hectares. And it was built by the Japanese themselves. On a barge from Japan, all the equipment and heavy equipment arrived along with construction. And the design center was commissioned on a turnkey basis a year later and cost Toyota about $ 13 million. And this Japanese auto giant already has one design center in Brussels. Why was another one needed? Vladimir Pirozhkov, one of the designers, says that it is better to work in the new building - it is located on the Cote d'Azur.
The main place where manufacturers can show their latest developments and achievements is the exhibition. Currently, there are about a dozen international exhibitions and many more regional auto shows. Exhibitions serve as an important source of information for manufacturers: by presenting their concept cars, trial and pre-production samples, they can collect the wishes and complaints of visitors, i.e. potential buyers. Also at the exhibition you can see your competitors and their future cars and compare with your own. At the same time, putting on the podium a future car that is not yet on sale, you can “warm up” demand for it, i.e. exhibition is perfect place advertising!
Detroit motor show, Geneva, Paris Motor Show- these are the largest and most significant automobile exhibitions. These exhibitions are expensive for the organizing firms and car companies that exhibit their cars at them. For example, the Detroit Auto Show in 2001 cost the organizers $350 million and gathered more than 8,000 journalists and about a million visitors under its arches.
"Big Three"
It is the auto giants that are part of the "Big Three" that control most of the American car market and are the largest TNCs in the world. Ford, DaimlerChrysler, GeneralMotors are the three concerns that form the Big Three. However, these manufacturers also control other firms. Some of the firms have been completely purchased, while others are partially independent. For example, Daimler-Benz company and Chrysler merged to become a single corporation. And now, under the leadership of DC, cars of such brands as Mercedes, Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge are produced.
By the end of the century, the firms of the "Big Three" approached in an international composition. Indeed, by combining firms from different countries, cultures and strategies of market struggle, one can safely “fight” with other large manufacturers.
General Motors is the largest automotive giant with an annual production of more than 6 million cars. It includes both native American companies: Chevrolet, Pontiac, Buick, Saturn, Cadillac; and European: Opel, Vauxhall, Saab. In addition, GM owns a 20% stake in Subaru and 49% in Isuzu, which determines the influence to the east. Isuzu has been one of the suppliers of engines for Opel and Saab cars of the same General Motors for 10 years. But the influence of GM on Subaru is still imperceptible, probably the share of American capital is still small.
Ford's second largest auto concern is also American. This TNC includes Aston Martin, Jaguar, Lincoln, Mercury, Volvo and Mazda. Here, too, a multinational composition is visible. Overall volume the concern's output is about 4.6 million cars. The main part of the cars is Ford (more than 2 million), and Mazda (almost 1 million).
Closes the top three leaders of the American auto industry concern DaimlerChrysler (DC) with an annual production of 3.55 million cars. However, in the world leaderboard, it ranks sixth, behind Volkswagen (VW) and Toyota. The merger of two giants: Mercedes and Chrysler, which took place in 2001, has become one of the main events of the last decade. Of the Big Three, only Chrysler remained a pure American company for a long time, with Dodge, Jeep and Chrysler at its disposal. Now having such a leader in the class prestigious cars like Mercedes, you can safely produce cars that were previously closed to Chrysler. This association has a positive effect on both the technical and tactical side of both companies.
Currently, Mercedes, Jeep, Dodge and Chrysler cars are sold through a single dealer network and serviced by a single technical service. A smart strategy brings financial benefits.
In 2001, 17.2 million new passenger cars, SUVs and pickup trucks were sold in the US. The total number of registered cars exceeds 200 million. The rule “one family - one car”, which is valid, for example, in Russia, is not widespread in the USA. Americans consider it necessary to have two or three cars in the family. With these figures, America is the No. 1 automotive power, confirming its leadership.
The Big Three control 62.7% of the US market, 36% of the Brazilian market, 28% of Europe and 10% of Asia. Thus, the influence of American TNCs extends to most of the planet and plays an important role in socio-economic processes.
| General Motors | -1,1% |
| Ford | -5,8% |
| DaimlerChrysler | -9,6% |
Table 1. Changes in the volume of sales of cars of the "big three" in 2001 in the US market.
However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to control the American market due to the massive offensive of large foreign and medium-sized manufacturers. Back in 1996, the share of American companies in "their" market was more than 72%. Mostly domestic manufacturers were "bits" in the class of luxury cars. With brands such as Cadillac and Lincoln at their disposal, the Americans have lost most of this market segment over the past 10 years. European brands Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Japanese Lexus.
Table 2. Top selling luxury cars in the US in 1999.
Losses incurred by American manufacturers amount to tens of millions of dollars. There is a fierce competition, during which all possible ways and methods. And first of all, foreign manufacturers have relied on quality.
The American publication ConsumerReports, which studies the automotive market, has published a rating of car reliability. The results are as follows: during the first year of operation, 15 serious malfunctions were recorded per 100 Japanese cars; European cars have 23 breakdowns, American cars have 24. The top ten most reliable cars 4 cars from Toyota were included, two each from BMW and Honda, and one each from Volkswagen and Subaru.
However, in America, "thoroughbred" American SUVs and pickups are still popular. This proves that the Ford F-series pickup was the top seller in 2001.
Table 4 SUVs, minivans and pickup trucks in the US market in 2001.
Japanese brands today control about 25% of the US car market. Such success was the result of the grammatical policy of European and Japanese companies. So, for example, Toyota, Nissan and Honda created brands such as Lexus, Infiniti and Acura specifically for the American market, respectively, to win over part of the buyers. This gave them a number of advantages.
Firstly, these names did not have a specific image (besides the one that the Japanese wanted to show in the advertising campaign), therefore, the buyers had a feeling of curiosity.
Secondly, for patriotic Americans, the “MadeinUSA” sign played a huge role. After all, the factories of these foreign firms were located in the States, despite the fact that they were controlled from Japan.
And thirdly, the aforementioned firms entered the American market with a very good product: "luxury" cars were of very high quality (compared to domestic ones), met all the requirements and preferences of local residents and were sold at very attractive prices.
However, factories located in the United States also give Americans a number of advantages: good jobs, additional budget revenues and an increase in GDP. In the end, the consumer wins.
The American company R. L. Polk & Co., which is engaged in automotive market research, has published the results of a survey conducted at the 2002 Detroit Auto Show. The question "What type of car do you need?" was asked to 5870 visitors of the exhibition. The results are as follows: 27% preferred SUVs, 15% - middle-class cars, another 15% - sports cars, 11% - luxury sedans, another 11% - pickups, and only 7% of respondents were in favor of compact cars.
Based on these results, we can assume that the popularity table will remain the same, but the demand for pickups may decrease.
European manufacturers are represented mainly by the Volkswagen concern, which includes Audi, Skoda, Seat, Lamborghini, Bentley and Bugatti; concern PSA (Peugeot and Citroen); FiatAuto (Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Lancia) and BMW. There are also Ferrari, Lotus and Porcshe, which are an integral part of Europe, but sales of these car brands are negligible.
The VW concern is pursuing a policy of unifying its cars and reducing platforms, as mentioned earlier. This allows for a more flexible pricing policy, but there are also some dissatisfaction among potential customers. After all, both engines and suspension parts are subjected to unification, which makes cars look similar when driving, as well as interior elements, which causes confusion. Sometimes, only the company sign on the steering wheel helps to find out which car you are sitting in, Volkswagen or Skoda. And this, in my opinion, is a negative direction in the concern's policy. Because in civilized countries more and more people strive to be individual and stand out from the crowd, including having an exclusive car.
The VW brand is considered a manufacturer of relatively cheap "people's" cars, occupying "price" niches in many classes. The Volkswagen lineup starts with the Lupo, class A through European classification passenger cars and ends with the Passat (class D). Car prices start at less than $10,000 and end at $38,000. Thus, cars meet the needs of most of Europe's population. However, at the beginning of 2002, the new flagship of VW, the Phaeton model, was shown. This car will be produced from the end of 2002 and sold at prices ranging from $50,000 to $65,000 and will be positioned in the F class. Its competitors will be the elite of the European automotive industry: AudiA8, MercedesS-class, BMW 7-series, which are much more expensive.
As the head of the VW concern, Ferdinand Piech, said: “If Mercedes is pressing on us from below, then we will put pressure on it from above.” By this, he wanted to say that low-class Mercedes cars began to compete with Volkswagen cars, which was not the case before. Therefore, it was decided to compete in a new, higher class for themselves. The main trump card is the price and quality.
However, class E remains free, which is not occupied by the Volkswagen concern. And, we can assume that soon there will be a car that can fill the empty space. Most likely, it will be built on the basis of Phaeton.
BMW produced almost 900 thousand cars in 2001. Two years ago, the company released an SUV - the first in its history. As a result, sales increased by 10%. The company's ideology has remained the same: it produces cars for lovers of active driving - powerful, fast, with a swift appearance and at the same time, German quality. This is what managers of the company keep their customers.
Now BMW has the rights to produce a Mini factory model with the same name. This decision was made during the sale of this plant by BMW management. The development of this machine was carried out at a time when Mini belonged to a Bavarian company. The success of the model was obvious, and therefore it was not wise to sell it together with the factory, after a large investment had been made.
BMW managers turned out to be right - sales of MiniOne and MiniCooper are going great both in the Old World and in America: this year they will reach 100 thousand cars.
The German market is still the largest, and a significant part of the population (755,000 people) is employed in the automotive or related industries. In 2000, the industry's turnover amounted to 431 billion marks, and the number of cars produced passed the mark of 5 million, about 3.5 million were sold abroad, mainly in North America.
France is represented by the PSA concern and Renault, which is not part of it. PSA combines two major manufacturers - Peugeot and Citroen. The volume of production of the first is 500 thousand cars, and the second - twice as much. These two factories work mainly for the needs of the European market, producing relatively cheap and small cars. The merger of these firms was necessary because Renault is a leader in the French automotive industry, producing more than 1.5 million cars a year. The last two cars presented by the company turned out to be too revolutionary and avant-garde design. Therefore, sales are not so successful.
Two years ago, Renault merged with another powerful Japanese concern- Nissan. Now Japanese cars, which are in good demand in the countries of the European Union, will receive additional benefits and increase their sales. And European Renault will be able to settle into a new market for themselves in Japan. In addition, the French will be able to use the built Nissan dealer network in the United States, significantly saving on this. Cooperation will also take place in the technical field.
Italian FiatAuto is practically the only manufacturer in this country. It also includes Alfa Romeo and Maserati, the production of cars by the latter firm is negligible.
Europe is the market where the share of new vehicles with diesel engines is so high – 33%. This is due, first of all, to an increase in environmental friendliness and a decrease in the cost of produced diesel engines. Moreover, they are not inferior to dynamic characteristics gasoline engines, and fuel consumption is much lower. The benefit to the consumer is clear.
Asian car market.
The Asian market differs significantly from the American or European market by a number of principles. One can even single out the Asian market as a "state within a state" that lives by its own rules independent of external influences. The Japanese auto industry has a strict division model range for cars for domestic and foreign markets. Those cars that are sold in Japan may never be seen and bought by an American or a German. These machines are much more advanced than those that are exported. This is largely due to the mentality of the Japanese and the stringent requirements of the domestic market in the field of ecology, economy and style. New models appear more often. If in the West the model range of an automaker is updated every 5-7 years, then the Japanese and Koreans update models for the domestic market in 3-4 years.
The largest Japanese manufacturer is Toyota, which produces over 4.4 million vehicles a year in factories located in different parts of the world, and ranks fourth in the world.
The Toyota lineup is very diverse and wide. The machines of this company have always been distinguished by a wide range of standard and additional equipment, competitive price, high technical level and uncompromising quality.
The highest-class cars are handled by the Lexus division, the main market for which is the United States.
Daihatsu, owned by Toyota, specializes in the production of small and cheap cars, which are very popular in Japan and South Korea.
Toyota supplies 3.1 million passenger cars to the Japanese domestic market and is a leader in this area.
Japan's second largest concern is Nissan, which recently merged with the French company Renault. Sales in Japan are 1.4 million vehicles, second only to Toyota.
Nissan is also very famous for its high-quality cars in Europe, and in America the Infiniti division is more famous for selling high-end cars.
Honda is the third largest automobile plant in Japan in terms of output. 1.2 million Honda cars are produced annually. This company is known for its great achievements in the production of gasoline engines, as well as the development of cars that use as fuel natural gas and solar energy.
Honda also has a division dedicated to the production of high-end cars, mainly for the American market.
Mitsubishi is the largest TNC, which combines not only the production of cars. However, more than twenty percent of the automobile company Mitsubishi Motors belongs to the American-European concern DaimlerChryslerAG. A representative from the DC concern was elected chairman of the board of directors of Mitsubishi. Most likely, further integration of these companies will continue.
It should be noted that Suzuki, which specializes in the production of small cars and annually producing 1.8 million cars (11th place in the world) remain completely independent. Neither Japanese nor Western companies were able to take control of such a successful company.
The Korean automotive industry is represented by three companies: Hyindai, Daewoo and Kia. These companies are widely known outside their country: they sell well in Western Europe (including Russia), where they have their own factories, and also increase sales in America. More than half of the more than 3 million cars assembled in 1999 were exported.
The largest of them is Hyindai, whose production exceeds 1 million vehicles. These are mostly low-power and cheap cars for the general population.
Russia.
To date, there are 18 large automobile plants and car assembly enterprises in the CIS. Of these, 8 produce imported cars.
In 2001 Russian manufacturers 1,186,600 passenger cars were produced, which is 4% more than in 2000. The bulk of the cars produced are AvtoVAZ products - 767,000 cars.
The most popular foreign cars in Russia in 2001 are relatively cheap cars (up to $15,000). Moreover, there has been an upward trend in the share imported cars assembled at joint ventures in Russia. This is understandable - "local" cars are only slightly inferior to imported ones in terms of build quality, but they are noticeably cheaper. For example, a large plant in Uzbekistan (UzDaewooAvto) was able to sell about 10,000 cars through the dealer network, which is about 13% of the entire market.
However, more expensive cars are also very popular, the purchase of which is more likely due to the prestige and big name of the brand than a real need. More than 20% of all new cars bought cost their customers over $30,000. Mercedes-Benz in 2001 entered the top ten companies, having sold 3806 vehicles (5%). And such companies as BMW, Audi and Volvo were respectively on 12, 13 and 14 places according to the results of 2001.
According to the government's latest announcements, in 2003 import duties on used foreign-made cars will be significantly increased. This caused widespread dissatisfaction among the masses, as a significant part of motorists use used foreign cars, preferring them to new ones. domestic cars. On the one hand, such measures can increase sales of new domestic cars, and on the other hand, can Russian factories raise the quality of products?
"Green" cars - myth or reality?!
An environmentally friendly car that does not harm the environment is the dream of every government and Greenpeace activist. However, the same car must meet the needs simple driver– be dynamic, easy to use and relatively cheap. Such problems are now faced by the creators of environmentally friendly cars, but the solution has not been found. There are several directions in which the design of "green" cars is developing.
The first direction is the use of electric motors. Such cars already exist all over the world. However, they are used as an alternative to engines internal combustion: golf cars, trolleybuses and other micro cars. So far, the electric motor cannot be compared with the conventional one in terms of its consumer characteristics, but it is absolutely “clean” for the environment.
The second direction is the use of an engine running on a mixture of gases, which emits CO 2 into the atmosphere. However, such a car is very expensive, requires special maintenance and the technology is not perfect.
At the moment, most attention is paid to cars with hybrid engines. The principle of operation is as follows: low power motor The internal combustion engine works in conjunction with a generator to generate electricity for an electric motor, which in turn drives the car's wheels. Or another option: one axle of the car is driven conventional engine, and if additional load is needed, the other axle will move due to electric motors. Such cars are now mass-produced, but not very popular.
Work is underway to create ultra-efficient machines. Volkswagen is the leader in this area. The Lupo model is already available, which consumes less than three liters diesel fuel for 100 kilometers. Recently shown to a wide audience concept car with fuel consumption less than 1 l/100 km. It is designed for two people and gains a maximum speed of 120 km / h. Work in this direction will undoubtedly be continued and such a car will soon appear on sale.
There is no need to talk about any revolutionary discoveries in the near future. But work is underway. And the company that will be the first to make an environmentally friendly car affordable will undoubtedly be considered a leader.
Prospects for the development of the industry.
It can be assumed that the growth of the automotive industry in the next 3-5 years will remain at the level of 5-10 percent. Serious changes in the structure of production and sales should not occur. The trend towards building factories in developing countries and "third world countries" will intensify. New sales markets will be the subject of competition between the main giants of the global automotive industry.
As already mentioned in the introduction, the process of concentration of forces will intensify. One of the criteria for unification is the difference in cultures produced by cars. Those. joint ventures will be created, the founders of which will be companies from different countries and continents. The following scenario is possible:
General Motors will finally take control brands Isuzu and Subaru, which are now partially owned.
DaimlerChrysler will complete its merger with Mitsubishi, thus becoming a German-American-Japanese corporation.
One of the Asian companies (Suzuki or Daewoo) will join the European giant Volkswagen.
Perhaps the European cooperation of the two concerns PSA and FiatAuto to strengthen their positions in the domestic market.
It is likely that Ford, Toyota and BMW will remain far from mergers and integrations in the near future.
USED SOURCES OF INFORMATION.
2. Magazine "Expert" No. 42, 2001.
3. Automotive companies in Western Europe. NIINavtoprom. M., 1982.
4. Automobile companies of America and Japan. NIINavtoprom. M., 1982.
5. V.I. Butov. Economic and social geography of the foreign world and Russia. M., 1998.
6. Electronic encyclopedia"Circumnavigation". KM., 2000.
8. Information multiportal Cyril and Methodius (www.km.ru).
The largest
Automotive
Companies of the World
Number of produced vehicles: 10 104 424
Number of cars produced: 8,381,968
Toyota was the world's largest car manufacturer in 2012, after
after expanding production by more than 2 million
The company ranks second after Volkswagen in sales of passenger cars.
cars, and closes the top four after three large American
automakers (GM, Ford and Chrysler) in the production of light commercial
cars. The Japanese manufacturer also produced more than 250,000 heavy trucks and took
which is headquartered in Aichi, Japan. It is the world's largest manufacturer
cars. It is Japan's largest company in terms of market capitalization and revenue.
The company produces cars under the brands of 5 brands: Toyota, Hino, Lexus, Ranz and Scion. TMC and
Toyota forms one of the largest conglomerates in the world. It has joint ventures, and
namely Toyota Kirloskar (India), PKK Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor(China), TPCA (Czech Republic). TM has
share in other large companies, namely: Daihatsu (51.2%), Fuji Heavy Industries (16.66%), Isuzu (5.9%)
and Tesla (0.27%). The company has 333,498 employees and has assets worth
$ 385 500 000 000
Market value: $193,500,000,000
Sales: $255,600,000,000
Profit: $18,900,000,000
Number of produced vehicles: 9,254,742
Number of passenger cars produced: 8,576,964
Volkswagen is largest automaker Germany, having released more than 9
million cars last year. In addition, for the second year in a row, Volkswagen
is the world's largest car manufacturer. Nevertheless,
the manufacturer fell from second place in terms of total production to third place, as
Toyota began producing 2 million more vehicles in 2012. Volkswagen Group is
German multinational automotive company headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower
Saxony, Germany. It is a manufacturer of cars and trucks, motorcycles,
engines and turbomachines. Volkswagen means "people's car" in German
language. Its current slogan is "Das Auto" ("Car"). The company has its
representative offices in approximately 150 countries and operates 100 production facilities in 27
countries. Volkswagen Group sells passenger cars under the following brands: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti,
Lamborghini, Porsche, Seat, Skoda, Volkswagen Ducati motorcycles, commercial vehicles
under MAN, Scania, Neoplan and Volkswagen. Commercial Vehicles Marques. Companies
owns 19.9%, not a controlling interest in Suzuki. The Volkswagen Group also has two major
joint ventures in China (FAW-Volkswagen and Shanghai Volkswagen). 3 company vehicles in
top 10 list (by 24/7 Wall Street) of the best-selling cars of all time: Volkswagen Golf,
Volkswagen Beetle as well Volkswagen Passat. The company's assets are valued at $446,920,000,000,572
800 employees of the company work in different countries peace.
Market value: $119,100,000,000
Sales: $261,600,000,000
Profit: $12,000,000,000
BMW is the most valuable German car brand in the world, valued at 28.96
billion dollars. The headquarters of the company, founded in 1916, is located in Munich,
Germany. The company is the owner of the Rolls-Royce brand, produces motorcycles, and also
participates in motorsport, including Formula 1. BMW is the 14th automotive manufacturer
company in the world by volume, having produced 2,065,216 vehicles last year. BMW brand
synonymous worldwide with premium cars, which helped the German concern
become one of the most recognizable and desired brands on Earth. Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is
German company for the production of cars, motorcycles and engines. BMW activities
implemented in more than 150 countries, and coordinated from the "four-cylinder" building to
Munich. The BMW Group manufactures motorcycles under the Motorrad brand. She also produces mini
cars and luxury cars Rolls-Royce. The company has 10 research centers,
4 of which are in Germany, 3 in the US and 1 each in Austria, Japan and China. Currently
The BMW Group operates 28 production facilities in 13 countries. This global network
production is the basis of growth for BMW. BMW concern Group currently has branches
for car sales in 34 countries. It employs 110,351 people, assets are valued at
$ 190 660 000 000
Market value: $83,400,000,000
Sales: $101,000,000,000
Profit: $7,400,000,000
Daimler AG is a German multinational automotive company headquartered in
Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The Daimler Group is one of the largest manufacturers
premium cars and the world's largest manufacturer of commercial
cars. The company includes divisions: Mercedes-Benz Cars, Daimler Trucks, Mercedes
Benz Vans, Daimler Buses and Daimler Financial Services. Her current brand portfolio includes
includes: Mercedes-Benz, Freightliner, Western Star, BharatBenz, Fuso, Setra and Thomas Built Buses.
Daimler systematically invests in the development of alternative drive systems for
many years in order to drastically reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Since we are talking about
Mercedes, it sits at number four on our list with a brand valuation of 24.17 billion
dollars, which is not surprising to most people. Luxury brands work with
higher profit margin compared to cars that are designed for mass
usage. Daimler sells its vehicles and services in almost every country in the world. She has
manufacturing facilities on five continents. The group sold 2.3 million vehicles in 2013,
the company's staff is 275,384 people. Assets are valued at $232,210,000,000
Sales: $156,600,000,000
Profit: $9,100,000,000
Ford Motor Company is an American automaker. Its headquarters is located in
Detroit, Michigan. The company manufactures and sells automobiles, commercial vehicles
Ford-branded vehicles; and Lincoln-branded luxury vehicles. Ford Motor Company owns
shares in many companies in the world, such as Mazda, Jiangling, Aston Martin. The company is
co-owner of a number of joint ventures, such as: Changan Ford Mazda (China), Ford Lio Ho (China),
Auto Alliance (China), Ford Otosan (Turkey), Ford Sollers (Russia). Ford Motors is the most
famous automobile company of America, as they were the driving force
industry in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. Henry Ford was actually
pioneering the automobile manufacturing process through its assembly line process,
which focused on the division of labor for maximum efficiency. For today
the company ranks fifth among automotive companies worldwide and has
expensive brand. The company owns a Brazilian manufacturer of SUVs, Troller and an Australian
FPV manufacturer. The company employs 181,000 workers and has assets valued at $202,030,000,000.
Market value: $64,500,000,000
Sales: $146,900,000,000
Profit: $7,200,000,000
Honda Motor Co Pvt. Ltd. is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered
apartment in Minato, Tokyo. It is a major manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles. Global ruler
Honda consists of such famous models as: Fit, Civic, Accord, Insight, CR-V, CR-Z, Crosstour, Pilot,
Ridgeline, Legend, two Odyssey versions, one for North America and one for the rest of the world.
Models and versions of car models varies from country to country and may have a lineup
exclusively for a specific region. Honda produces the Civic Hybrid, a hybrid electric vehicle.
Honda cars are traditionally front wheel drive. Honda is another example
supremacy of Japan in the international automotive market. Honda works in other categories as well,
in addition to automobiles, including engines, robots, aircraft, solar panels, motorcycles and
all-terrain vehicles. They also own the Acura luxury car line, which is
a competitor to Lexus Toyota and European leading brands such as BMW and Mercedes-Benz. IN
the company currently employs 190,338 people, the value of assets is estimated at
$ 147 920 000 000.
Market value of the company: $63,000,000,000
Sales: $117,700,000,000
Profit: $4,900,000,000
Number of produced vehicles: 9,285,425
Number of cars produced: 6,608,567
It is an American multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered
apartment in Detroit, Michigan. GM makes cars in 37 countries around the world.
the following brands: Chevrolet, GMC, Wuling, Jie Fang, Isuzu, Buick, Cadillac, Opel, Holden,
Vauxhall Baojun. The company has 21,000 dealers worldwide and employs 219,000 employees,
who work at 396 of the company's facilities spanning six continents. Dynamic
General Motors brands, we offer wide choose vehicles in over 120 countries worldwide
world, which consists of electric and mini cars to heavy trucks, monocabs and
convertibles. GM also has significant stakes in major joint ventures in China,
including SAIC-GM, SAIC-GM-Wuling, FAW-GM and GM Korea. General Motors is divided into five segments
business: GM North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), GM International Operations (GMIO), GM
South America (GMSA) and GM Financial. General Motors was the largest manufacturer of lightweight
commercial vehicles in 2012 more than 2.6 million units. That's a quarter of a million more
than Ford, the next largest manufacturer. In China, the company employs more than 35,000
employees, and 2.8 million vehicles were produced in 2012. In comparison, the company produced
only 1.9 million vehicles in the US. Its assets are valued at $166,340,000,000. OnStar subsidiary
GM provides vehicle safety and information services.
Market value: $54,600,000,000
Sales: $155,400,000,000
Profit: $5,400,000
Number of produced vehicles: 7,126,413
Number of cars produced: 6,761,074
Hyundai's U.S. car sales rose last month, on par with Ford and
Nissan. Hyundai ranks third in terms of the number of cars produced in the world: almost
7 million units produced. The car company is also one of the four
leading large bus manufacturers with 15,470 units in the past
year. Hyundai Motor Company has 59,831 employees and asset value
$ 126,420,000,000. This is a South Korean company headquartered in Seoul. The company was
founded in 1967. Kia Motors is its subsidiary, which is 32.8% and
forms Hyundai Motor Group. The company owns the world's largest integrated
automobile plant in Ulsan, South Korea. Hyundai Motor Company aims to strengthen its
a global sales network in addition to producing regionally specific models.
Hyundai has opened showrooms in key retail cities including New York, London,
Beijing, Moscow to expand sales of luxury cars such as Centennial
(Equus) and Genesis.
Market value: $49,700,000,000
Sales: $79,800,000,000
Profit: $7,800,000,000
Number of produced vehicles: 4,889,379
Number of cars produced: 3,830,954
Nissan is a manufacturer of light commercial vehicles,
producing over a million units last year. Nissan also makes heavy
commercial vehicles, but last year the company sold more than 35,000
units - half as much as it was in 2010. Nissan Motor Co, Ltd is
a Japanese automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama,
Japan. The company works in alliance with Renault and creates joint ventures with other
automakers in the world. The Renault-Nissan Alliance has built a unique business model that
creates benefits for both companies. More than 15 years, employees like Nissan and Renault
worked with mutual respect and pride while maintaining the identity of the company.
Nissan Motor sells its vehicles under the Nissan, Infiniti, Datsun and NISMO brands.
The company currently manufactures vehicles in 20 countries, including Japan. Infiniti was
launched as a luxury brand headquartered in Hong Kong. Datsun for customers in
fast growing markets. The company employs about 166,881 people worldwide, assets
are estimated at $137,240,000,000.
Market value: $40,200,000,000
Sales: $104,000,000,000
Profit: $3,900,000,000
SAIC (Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation) Motors - Chinese automotive
manufacturing company headquartered in Shanghai, China. SAIC Motors manufactures and sells
cars and commercial vehicles. The company sold 5.1 million vehicles
in 2013. It has maintained the first position in the Chinese domestic market for more than 8 years. Products
SAICs are sold under various brand names. Two famous brand belonging to
SAIC itself are: MG and Roewe. The company employs 6,146 employees, assets are valued
at $56,430,000,000.
Market value: $24,700,000,000
Sales: $88,300,000,000
Profit: $4,000,000,000
Today, the presence of a car in any family is seen as a necessity rather than a luxury. Such trends in the perception of transport have also affected its demand, and, as a result, the entire industry of world production as a whole. Another significant motivator for the development of this market segment is its continuous improvement. This has turned the competition between the largest automotive companies in the world into a real race.
Automotive Priorities
By what criteria does a future car owner choose a purchase? All of them boil down to three main ones: the provision of transport with advanced achievements of super-new information technologies, a high level of comfort in operation and the possibility of development maximum speeds. These needs are taken into account in the development of new automotive concepts by the largest automotive companies in the world.
Statistics confirm that almost 50% of the world's countries have automotive complexes on their territory. 60% equity in this belongs to the US, Japan and Western Europe. Currently, 40 companies carry out such activities. Which of them was lucky enough to take a leading position in the prestigious Forbes ranking?
Ranking is in accordance with the list www.forbes.com:
| Place in the top 10 | Place in the general list of Forbes | Company name | Produced brands | Company value in 2016, billion dollars | Number of produced cars, 2016 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joint with GM:
| Up to 480,000 Shanghai GM; Up to 1 million SVAC |
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| South Korea | |||||
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| Germany | |||||
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| Volkswagen Group |
| Germany | ||||
| Germany | |||||
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10th place: The Chinese advance with SAIC Motor
SAIC Motor is still quite a young organization, operating since 1995. It is completely subordinate to the state.
It all started with the production of tractors, buses, and in the same line were Phoenix executive sedans (the latter were intended for senior officials). In the 80s, there is a course towards working with joint ventures, with a refusal to produce own cars. Today, the enterprises of the organization produce a number of models of cars and heavy vehicles. Accessories are an added bonus.
In 1984, together with Volkswagen, the SVAC company was created with equal shares of both parties.
The company is very interested in the production of hybrid cars. There have been numerous developments of similar projects, and the direct production of the SAIC-GM-Wuling two-seater hybrid began in July 2017.
Together with General Motors, Shanghai GM is founded in 1997, also with equal share management.
SAIC Motor has 50 enterprises in Shanghai and a total of 171,395 employees. At the same time, revenue for 2016 amounted to $112.72 billion.
And here is another material on the auto theme: how to open your own car dealership?
9th place: Hyundai Motor
It is considered the largest domestic automaker. The name 현대 (現代) translates as "modernity". The correct pronunciation is "Hyundai". Initially, the organization in 1967 was part of a group of companies.
In 1998, there was a takeover of a competitor in the Korean market, Kia Motors.
Now about joint projects with Russia: in St. Petersburg, in the Kamenka industrial zone, there is an enterprise for the assembly and production of products of this brand (with a capacity of 200,000 cars per year).
Known for the release of hybrid models: the first of them was born back in 2004 (now this is most often an order from the government).
A little about the owners: the shareholders are Hyundai Mobis (a manufacturer of auto components) and the country's pension fund.
Today, among the financial indicators of activity, an annual income of 80.72 billion dollars stands out. In total, the organization has 68,383 employees.
8th place for Nissan Motor
In addition to the Forbes list, the company, which has been operating since 1933, also ranks third among domestic Japanese automakers. She owes her birth to the merger of Tobata Imono and Nihon Sangyo.
First, in the 50s, the organization took a specialization in the production of rocket engines, then there was a small transition to the shipbuilding industry. In 1958, named the first major importer of automobiles in the United States. Until the 80s of the twentieth century, the company was engaged in modifications of Datsun cars (the brand no longer exists today).
Today the firm has representations in 20 foreign countries and 154 700 employees in the state. The annual income is 105.94 billion dollars. The owner of 43.3% of the shares is Renault.
7th place: Japanese company Honda Motor
The organization, known as a motorcycle manufacturer, also occupies a leading position in the top 10 automotive concerns.
Founded in 1948, it began with the production piston rings in the garage. In 1963, already at the peak of the popularity of motorcycles of this company, the production of the first cars began. Today the organization operates in 14 countries and employs 208,399 people. Annual profit for 2016 reached $127.86 billion.
Sales markets are Japan, Southeast Asia and the United States of America. The main shareholders are Japanese Trustee Services Bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group and BlackRock.
6th place - American Ford Motor
The company is a classic example of the American Dream: it was created in 1903 when founder Henry Ford received $28,000 from five investors. For the first time in the world, it was in this company that a classic conveyor assembly was used. The result of the work was Ford Model T, which was mass produced from 1908 to 1927.
Today, the company is implementing innovative projects: one of them was the presentation of a 6.8-liter internal combustion engine that runs entirely on hydrogen. Work on its creation has been underway since 2004, and such important detail The car is already used in twenty E-450 buses operated in the USA.
Cooperation with Russia has also been established: a subsidiary of Ford owns an automobile plant (Vsevolozhsk, Leningrad Region). This is where the Focus and Mondeo models are assembled. Ford also has a stake in the Japanese automaker Mazda.
To date, the company's annual income is 151.8 billion dollars. It employs 201,000 people. In terms of ownership, 40% of the shares belong to the Ford family, the rest can be purchased in the public domain.
5th place: golden mean for BMW Group
Initially, a company with this name was created for the production of aircraft engines (1913). Related to this is the company logo, which is interpreted as an aircraft propeller against a sky background (but now the company's marketing department insists that the colors are taken from the national flag of Bavaria).
Today it is hard to imagine, but before the war the organization was in a crisis (the production of aircraft engines was prohibited). The situation in subsequent years was saved by the release of motorcycles. By 1951 it had grown to 18,000 pieces a year. This brought good profits and helped to start the development of the R51, which already has a two-cylinder engine model.
The enterprise is also represented in the Russian expanses - the assembly of vehicles of this brand takes place at the Avtotor plant, which is located in the Kaliningrad region.
The company's annual income is $104.16 billion. In total, 124,729 people are employed in production. 53.3% of the shares are on sale, the rest is in the private hands of the Quandt family.
4th place: General Motors
One of the largest car manufacturers was founded in 1908. For a long time GM was in the lead, today the company dropped out of the top three. The company's enterprises are located in more than 120 countries around the world.
The corporation began to develop the Russian market since 1992, and in 2008 an assembly plant was opened in St. Petersburg (Shushary district), with a production capacity of 60,000 vehicles annually. Another trump card in joint cooperation with Russia is the partnership with the automaker OAO AVTOVAZ.
The company's annual income is estimated at $166.38 billion. The organization provides jobs for 225,000 people. The US Treasury is considered the largest shareholder.
Volkswagen in third place
The company was founded in 1934. And in literal translation, its name means "People's Car" ("Volks-Wagen"). The place and year of birth were obliged to cooperate with the Nazi government, however, the mass production of developments did not reach due to the large military orders of the state.
Popularity and recognition of the cars of the Volkswagen concern was received later, which allowed the organization to climb into the ranking of the largest manufacturers of this type of transport.
In addition, Volkswagen AG is constantly making the necessary investments: in December 2009, it acquired a 49.9% stake in Porsche for 3.9 billion euros. A little earlier, in 2007, the Russian subsidiary of Volkswagen Group Rus begins production of the Skoda brand at an enterprise in Kaluga (production capacity - 150,000 vehicles per year).
Now, 626,715 people work at the enterprises of the concern with an annual income of 240.34 billion dollars. 56.6% of the shares are in the hands of Porsche Automobil Holding SE.
How to deliver the purchased car to the destination? You can use the services of a transport company.
Silver medalist: Daimler from Germany
The history of the creation of the organization begins in 1886 and is associated with a patent for a three-wheeled cart with gasoline engine. And already in 1926, Benz & Cie and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft merged, resulting in the union of Daimler-Benz AG.
The company merged directly into the concern only in 1998, changing its name to DaimlerChrysler AG. But since 2007, the company began to bear its modern name.
Today the concern is engaged in the production of cars different type tonnage. Buses are another characteristic product of the corporation.
The company's revenue for 2016 amounted to $169.54 billion. The concern employs 284,488 people working at assembly plants in 17 countries around the world. The organization owns an 11% share of the shares Russian OJSC"KAMAZ".
At the same time, a major corruption scandal arose in relation to this company: in 2010, the United States Department of Justice filed a charge of bribing persons responsible for procurement in 22 countries of the world (including Russia). The leadership of the organization agreed with the allegations.
Group shareholders:
- Aabar Investments (Arab investment fund with 9.1%);
- Germany - 39.9%;
- other European countries - 32.3%;
- USA - 21.2%;
- other countries - 7.5%.
First place for the Japanese: Toyota Motor
Having started its activity in 1937, today Japan has become the largest automobile manufacturer in the world. "Toyota" (トヨタ) written in katakana began to be considered more good option name than the original version of the name, because it contained 8 features, which, according to popular belief, was supposed to bring good luck. In relation to the company, this high expectation fully justified itself. The organization began to develop at a particularly rapid pace in the 60s of the last century.
Today, the organization employs 348,877 employees who work at the company's enterprises around the world. Total annual revenue for 2016 was $249.9 billion. The company produces cars of the brands Toyota (Toyota), Lexus (Lexus), Daihatsu (Daihatsu).
The Master Trust Bank of Japan and Toyota Industries Corporation are considered the main owners.
So, the creation of cars is one of the leading sectors of the economy of each developed state. This may lead to another problem - the market is getting fed up with cars. And here there is a way out: at the same time to reduce production costs and expand the range of products.
| Place 2017 | Place 2016 | Manufacturer | Sold in 2017 | Sold in 2016 | Difference | Market share 2017 | Market share 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | Volkswagen Group | 10.377.478 | 10.030.440 | 3,5% | 11,0% | 10,9% |
| 2 | 2 | Toyota M.C. | 10.176.362 | 10.007.207 | 1,7% | 10,8% | 10,9% |
| 3 | 3 | Renault Nissan Alliance | 10.075.185 | 9.504.725 | 6,0% | 10,7% | 10,3% |
| 4 | 4 | Hyundai-Kia | 7.246.003 | 7.940.022 | -8,7% | 7,7% | 8,6% |
| 5 | 5 | General Motors | 6.861.601 | 6.834.317 | 0,4% | 7,3% | 7,4% |
| 6 | 6 | Ford M.C. | 6.243.891 | 6.345.109 | -1,6% | 6,6% | 6,9% |
| 7 | 7 | Honda M.C. | 5.323.537 | 4.950.068 | 7,5% | 5,7% | 5,4% |
| 8 | 8 | F.C.A. | 4.791.661 | 4.776.789 | 0,3% | 5,1% | 5,2% |
| 9 | 9 | P.S.A. | 4.106.791 | 4.274.662 | -3,9% | 4,4% | 4,6% |
| 10 | 10 | Suzuki | 3.155.619 | 2.826.964 | 11,6% | 3,3% | 3,1% |
| 11 | 11 | mercedes benz | 2.638.826 | 2.452.026 | 7,6% | 2,8% | 2,7% |
| 12 | 12 | bmw | 2.456.511 | 2.385.085 | 3,0% | 2,6% | 2,6% |
| 13 | 15 | Geely Group | 1.925.955 | 1.406.112 | 37,0% | 2,0% | 1,5% |
| 14 | 13 | SAIC Motor | 1.803.877 | 1.722.743 | 4,7% | 1,9% | 1,9% |
| 15 | 14 | Mazda | 1.575.796 | 1.529.757 | 3,0% | 1,7% | 1,7% |
| 16 | 16 | ChangAn | 1.426.965 | 1.400.812 | 1,9% | 1,5% | 1,5% |
| 17 | 19 | Dongfeng Motor | 1.090.215 | 1.052.679 | 3,6% | 1,2% | 1,1% |
| 18 | 17 | BAIC | 1.083.021 | 1.228.695 | -11,9% | 1,1% | 1,3% |
| 19 | 20 | Fuji Heavy Industries | 1.056.929 | 1.011.567 | 4,5% | 1,1% | 1,1% |
| 20 | 21 | GM-SAIC-Wuling | 1.017.662 | 760.292 | 33,9% | 1,1% | 0,8% |
| 21 | 18 | Great Wall Motors | 1.006.322 | 1.090.841 | -7,7% | 1,1% | 1,2% |
| 22 | 22 | Tata | 828.240 | 759.989 | 9,0% | 0,9% | 0,8% |
| 23 | 23 | Chery Automobile | 648.390 | 689.401 | -5,9% | 0,7% | 0,7% |
| 24 | 31 | GAC Group | 510.048 | 392.856 | 29,8% | 0,5% | 0,4% |
| 25 | 24 | Jac Motors | 444.657 | 598.094 | -25,7% | 0,5% | 0,6% |
Here's what the top ten global automakers look like in 2017. Despite the fact that it includes only Japanese, American, South Korean and European companies, the largest increase in productivity was demonstrated by Chinese Geely. Thanks to its success in the Chinese domestic market, as well as the acquisition of control of the Malaysian brand Piton and the British luxury brand Lotos, it sold 37% more cars (1.9 million units) compared to last year and ranked 13th.
10 Suzuki
According to the results of last year, the Japanese automaker sold 3.1 million cars. Compared to 2016, Suzuki car sales soared by 11.6%. This was supported by successful domestic sales in Japan and India, where subsidiary Maruti-Suzuki controls nearly half (45.5%) of the fast-growing automotive industry. However, the Japanese auto brand is also strong in Europe thanks to a wave of new products such as Ignis and Baleno.
9.PSA
The acquisition of Opel has placed the French car manufacturer in ninth place in the ranking of the most successful car companies. It has 4.79 million sales, which is 3.9% worse than in 2016.
Since 2012, the PSMA Rus plant has been operating in Russia, which produces cars according to the full production cycle. It produces not only light trucks, but also sedans such as the Peugeot 408 and Citroen C4 Sedan, as well as SUVs under the Mitsubishi brand - Outlander and Pajero Sport.
8.FCA
The Italian-American company reported 4.79 million car sales, up 0.3% from 2016. One of the best-selling models in the West is the Fiat 500. This hatchback is not very popular in Russian market, however, the owners speak of him exclusively in a positive tone. And the super popular Fiat car in Italy is the Panda.
7. Honda MC
Demonstrating stable growth, the Japanese company sold 5.3 million vehicles last year - 7.5% more than in 2016. Her Honda CR-V SUV, Honda sedan Accord and Honda Civic hatchback are among the top sellers cars in the world.
6 Ford MC
Although the American company ranked sixth in the list of the largest automobile companies, its sales performance worsened compared to 2016 (6.2 million units vs. 6.3 million units, respectively). This is due to personnel changes - CEO Mark Fields was fired from Ford. Under him, Ford showed less determination and dexterity than its main competitor, General Motors.
As for the most popular models, the Ford F-Series pickup still dominates its class thanks to its untouchable position in the US. And the Ford Focus is one of the best-selling cars in the world.
At the same time, the biggest loser of 2017 is Ford Fusion, which lost almost a third of global sales.
5 General Motors
By completing the process of selling Opel (together with subsidiary brand Vauxhall) PSA concern, General Motors moved from 4th to 5th place in the ranking of the world's largest automakers in 2018. It sold 6.86 million units, up 0.4%, and that's not counting sales of Opel cars.
4. Hyundai-Kia
Another manufacturer that is fighting for the Chinese market, but is experiencing big problems due to anti-South Korean sentiment in the country after increased tensions between the two Koreas. Although sales Hyundai-Kia cars grew in other countries, in China they decreased by 26%. In total, in 2017, the company sold 7.2 million cars, which is 8.7% lower than in 2016.
3.Renault-Nissan
The Franco-Japanese alliance opens the top three in the production of passenger cars. The alliance owes much of its record sales volume to its merger with Mitsubishi Motors in 2016. In total, over 10 million vehicles were sold in 2017, an increase of 6% compared to last year's ranking.
2.Toyota Motor
The Japanese company again fell short of first place in terms of global car sales. For the second year in a row, it is losing the palm to the German Volkswagen.
global sales Toyota cars in 2017 amounted to a record 10.17 million units, which is 1.6% more than in 2016.
The lag behind Volkswagen was mainly due to different results in emerging markets, especially in China, where the German automaker increased volume by 5.1% to 4.18 million vehicles.
While Toyota's sales in Europe and China rose, figures for the Middle East and the US fell by 14.9% and 0.6%, respectively.
At the same time, the Japanese do not intend to purposefully achieve a larger volume, fearing that this may worsen the quality of cars produced. In 2018, the company plans to sell 10.49 million vehicles. At the same time, it is expected that Japanese sales will fall by 5% due to the fact that interest in new (at the moment) versions will decrease, but overseas sales will increase by 3%.
1. Volkswagen Group
The leader of the top 10 most successful automakers was German Volkswagen, which produces one of the In 2017, it sold 10.37 million cars, improving its performance by 3.5% compared to 2016. And this despite the "diesel scandal", in which the German automaker pleaded guilty to deliberately underreporting emissions in diesel cars. Because of him in 2015 volkswagen recalled over 480 passenger cars sold in the US. And in early 2017, he agreed with the US authorities a fine of $4.3 billion.
The Russian owners of cars produced by Volkswagen were not affected by the environmental scandal, due to differences in the laws of America and Russia.
The first car of the modern type (that is, with a gasoline engine) was created in 1885 by a certain Karl Benz. Familiar surname? It was a three-wheeled double carriage on high wheels. Since then, people have been constantly improving their invention, releasing hundreds of thousands of new products every year around the world. 
Among all countries with a developed light industry, the six leaders in the production of automobiles stand out favorably.
No. 1 China - 24.5 million units in 2015
No wonder the People's Republic of China is considered the largest car market in the world. Every year, concerns produce more and more models. In terms of the number of cars, China surpasses the next two automakers (USA and Japan) combined. Most of the machines are sold in the domestic market.
The most popular Chinese car brands:
- BYD promotes independence in the production of machines. The company intends to soon fill the whole world with its models, reviving the national automotive industry.
- Lifan is a concern that in more than 20 years has become one of the hundred largest non-state companies in China. In addition to passenger cars, it also produces buses, motorcycles, scooters, ATVs and trucks.
- Geely bears the title of the most innovative enterprise in China. Produces more than 30 models.
- Chery develop models of hybrid and electric vehicles.
- Great Wall famous for its pickups.
- FAW is the oldest Chinese automobile manufacturer.
No. 2 USA - 12.1 million units in 2016
The automobile industry of the States was born at the end of the 19th century. Since then, it was this state that headed the rating for the production of cars. In the 80s of the twentieth century. Japan pulled ahead, and in 2008 China came out on top.
The most-most brands of cars from this country:
- Cadillac- a brand that produces luxury cars. Under this brand, a standard engine was created for the American automotive industry.
- Ford. The concern produces a wide range of passenger and commercial vehicles.
- Chevrolet is one of the most popular brands in America. At the moment, sales of models of this brand are stopped in Russia and Europe.
- Buick- a company that produces cars for the middle class.
No. 3 Japan - 9.2 million units in 2015
The production of Japanese cars is decreasing every year, but, nevertheless, they remain popular. Thanks to the affordable price-quality ratio, they lead in terms of sales. Comfortable interior, modern control system, low cost, excellent basic equipment and reliability - this is what many car owners love so much.
The most famous car brands are:
- Toyota- a concern that produces cars for both beginners in the auto business and experienced drivers. Has an impressive line of family models. Spare parts for Toyota can be found in any corner of the country.
- Nissan is an automotive brand that prides itself on the sustainability of its creations. Replacement parts are also produced by the corporation itself.
- Honda- a company that equips car interiors with the latest technology. The high level of safety in the event of an accident allows the concern to overtake competitors in sales.
- Subaru- a brand that is distinguished by the presence all-wheel drive on all 4 wheels and a monocoque body. Ease of maintenance comfortable lounge, stuffed with technology, and an attractive price make Subaru vehicles a worthy investment option.
- Suzuki produce compact models that have cross-country ability. Such efficiency is very tempting in today's world of traffic jams and bad roads.
- Mazda- a car concern that produces models that can survive any weather conditions.
No. 4 Germany - 6 million units in 2015
Internal combustion engines were invented by the inhabitants of Germany, Karl Benz and Nicholas Otto. Immediately, people thought of installing the motor on a wheeled cart. The companies founded in those days are now large concerns. Among European countries Germany occupies a leading position in the production of quality vehicles.
German car industry in brands:
- Volkswagen- the largest concern, which also includes brands: Audi, Skoda, Seat, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche. The first three brands are key, and the rest are more designed to maintain interest in brand cars.
- mercedes benz- a company that immediately produced expensive cars, but over time began to produce high-quality small cars.
- Opel was originally a German brand, but the Americans bought it and now it is part of General Motors.
- bmw is a manufacturer of luxury cars. The release is quite small, but a successful branding policy has allowed the company to become popular among young people.
No. 5 South Korea - 4.5 million units in 2015
The auto industry of South Korea originated in the middle of the twentieth century. For the first few decades, copies of famous European models were produced. But then, involving foreign experts, they began to develop their own cars.
Machine manufacturers:
- KIA has factories all over the world - in Turkey, North America, China, India, etc.
- Hyundai is the largest automotive company in Korea.
No. 6 India - 4.1 million units in 2015
India's automotive industry is growing at a fast pace and thanks to its vigor it is already ranked 6th in the world. The factories of many foreign concerns are located on the territory of the state, but there are also purely national productions.
Indian brands:
- force specializes in the production of trucks, buses and agricultural machinery.
- Tata- a company that produces passenger cars and commercial vehicles, as well as engines of the same name.
The rapid development of the automotive industry in some countries and the decline in production in others change this ranking every year. For several years, China has held the first place. But will it always be like this?
