The history of the creation and development of NAMI is inextricably linked with the formation and development of the domestic automotive industry. Over the years of its activity, the staff of the Institute has made a significant contribution to the development of domestic automotive, tractor, automotive and aircraft engine building and has had a great influence on the development of science in these areas.
The result of the Institute's activities in collaboration with the enterprises of the industry is the indisputable fact that the life and defense of the country was provided with mainly domestically produced automotive equipment. With the direct participation of scientists and designers of the institute, almost all domestic cars, many engines and tractors were created, tested and put into production - from the first cars to powerful high-performance trucks KAMAZ, MAZ, KrAZ, BelAZ and many others.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the first passenger cars in the country and NAMI-2 developed at the institute were put into production, in the pre-war years - caterpillar tractors SKhTZ-NATI, the first domestic trolleybuses, an especially small passenger car KIM-10, gas generators for cars and tractors. In the 1940s, the Institute continued work on the creation of a unified family of two- and three-axle trucks with two-stroke 4- and 6-cylinder diesel engines.
In the 50s, NAMI developed the first four-stroke unified 6- and 8-cylinder diesel engines NAMI-019, which served as prototypes for the YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 diesel engines produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. In the early 1960s, an air-cooled gasoline engine developed at NAMI for the ZAZ-965 Zaporozhets car and the first domestic automatic hydromechanical transmission for LiAZ and Ikarus buses were put into production. In the 80s, the institute created samples of experimental vehicles, engines, components and assemblies-prototypes of equipment of the 2000s.
FSUE "NAMI" after the collapse USSR
"NAMI" today is a modern research, experimental and production base that allows you to solve any problem in the field of research, design, construction, development and testing of vehicles.
For almost a century of history of the State Research Center of the Russian Federation, FSUE "NAMI" has come a long way in the development of key industrial foundations and plans to maintain its leading position as the main Russian industrial engineering and regulatory center, applying 95 years of experience in research and development.
Today, the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation FSUE "NAMI" has great potential for growth, being a modern research experimental center for the development of production for the design, construction and testing of automotive platforms.
In 1994, the institute received the status of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, and in 2003 the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of Russia accredited the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation FSUE "NAMI" as the Test Center for Automotive Products (ITsAI), which became a technical service with the right to conduct tests according to the UNECE Regulations.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 4, 2004 No. 1009, NAMI is included in the List of strategic enterprises that are important for the security of the state, the protection of morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation. Also, the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation FSUE "NAMI" is the representative of the Russian Federation in the Technical Committee 22 "Road Transport" of the International Organization for Standardization.
The history of this institute began on March 14, 1920, when on the basis of the Scientific Automobile Laboratory - NAL (which was established on October 16, 1918), as the first research institute in the field of automotive theory and technology, under the scientific and technical department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy, The Scientific Automotive Institute - NAMI was formed.
In general, the history of the creation and development of NAMI is inextricably linked with the formation and development of the domestic automotive industry. So, since 1924, the institute authorized the purchase of imported vehicles, and by 1927, the first independent car NAMI-1 (the first passenger car in the USSR) had been developed.
In the 30s of the last century, the Institute became the leading design department of the Soviet automotive industry. The NAMI-2 passenger car developed at the institute, the first domestic trolleybuses, were put into production, several models of tractors and trucks were created, half-tracked models and armored vehicles were actively developed for the needs of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army.
In the prewar years, at NATI (from 1931 to 1946, the institute was called the Scientific Automotive and Tractor Institute - NATI), the SKhTZ-NATI caterpillar tractors, the KIM-10 extra small passenger car, gas generators for cars and tractors, which gained wide popularity, were developed. Also, in the 1940s, the Institute continued work on the creation of a unified family of two- and three-axle trucks with two-stroke 4- and 6-cylinder diesel engines.
At the beginning of 1946, due to the transfer of the tractor industry to the Ministry of Agricultural Engineering, NATI was divided into two parts. The automotive part remained under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Automotive Industry and was transformed into the Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Institute - NAMI. The tractor part was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture and the Allied Scientific Research Tractor Institute - NATI was organized on its basis.
In the 50s, NAMI developed the first four-stroke unified 6- and 8-cylinder diesel engines NAMI-019, which served as prototypes for the YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 diesel engines produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.
In the early 60s, new NAMI developments were put into production - an air-cooled gasoline engine for ZAZ-965 Zaporozhets cars and the first domestic automatic hydromechanical transmission for LiAZ and Ikarus buses.
At the same time, in the 1960s, a famous test site was organized at the institute - the Scientific Testing Center for Automobile and Motorcycle Equipment - NICIAMT. Being located not far from the city of Dmitrov, it received an unofficial name - Dmitrovsky auto-polygon. Now this division is called the FSUE "NAMI" Research Center for Testing and Refinement of Automotive Equipment (NITSIAMT FSUE "NAMI").
In 1966-1967, the institute was developing front-wheel drive for passenger cars. In the same period, at the end of the 60s, NAMI began developing an automatic gearbox for passenger cars. True, the first front-wheel drive car began to be mass-produced in the USSR only in 1984, and the domestic automatic transmission for passenger cars, unfortunately, is still not mass-produced.
In the 80s of the last century, the institute created many samples of experimental vehicles (for example, the prototypes of NAMI-0284 "Debut" and NAMI-0288 "Compact"), engines, components and assemblies-prototypes of the 2000s.
In 1994, the institute received the status of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, and in 2003, accreditation from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of Russia as the Testing Center for Automotive Products (ITsAI), which became a technical service with the right to conduct tests according to the UNECE Rules.
On August 4, 2004, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1009 was issued, according to which NAMI is included in the List of strategic enterprises that are important for ensuring the defense capability and security of the state, protecting morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation. Also, the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation FSUE "NAMI" is the representative of the Russian Federation in the Technical Committee 22 "Road Transport" of the International Organization for Standardization.
For almost a century of history of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, FSUE "NAMI" has come a long way in the field of research in the field of automotive science and technology in Russia. The staff of the institute over the years of its activity has made a significant contribution to the development of the domestic auto industry, tractor industry, automobile and aircraft engine building and has had a great influence on the development of science in these areas.
The result of the institute's activity in cooperation with the enterprises of the country is the indisputable fact that the life and defense of the country were provided with equipment mainly of domestic production.
With the direct participation of scientists and designers of the institute, almost all domestic cars, many engines and tractors were designed, created, tested and put into production - from the first cars to powerful high-performance trucks.
The State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation FSUE "NAMI" today is a powerful and modern research, experimental and production base that allows you to solve any problem in the field of research, design, construction, development and testing of vehicles and has great potential for growth, being a modern scientific and research experimental center for the development of production for the design, construction and testing of automotive platforms.
Central Scientific Research Automotive and Automotive Institute (NAMI)(Automotive street, 2). Established in 1918 (originally Scientific Automobile Laboratory at the Supreme Economic Council). In 1930, the part of the institute connected with diesel building was spun off into the Scientific Research Diesel Institute (later TsNIDI), and the part connected with aircraft engine building was merged into the Central Institute of Aviation Motor Building (CIAM). In 1946 the tractor department of the institute was transformed into the Scientific Research Tractor Institute (NATI). NAMI (from one of the former names Scientific Automotive Institute) develops designs for cars and trucks, buses, trailers, engines and automotive units. It has one of the world's largest testing grounds for carrying out resource, control and thematic tests of cars (in Dmitrov).
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"Central Research Automobile and Automotive Institute (NAMI)" in books
From the book Prone to Escape author Vetokhin Yury AlexandrovichChapter 27
From the book "Jokes of the past days ..." author Alikhanov Ivan IvanovichChapter 13 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL CULTURE The highest position to which an official rises always no longer corresponds to the level of his competence. Parkinson's Law While I was performing my photographic exploits, three
From the book Studies in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Release 3 author Team of authorsAnalytical summary of the results of the International Scientific and Methodological Conference "Research in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage" Moscow, State Research Institute for Restoration, November 9-11, 2010. The third international scientific and methodological conference
From the book Moskovsky Prospekt. History essays author Veksler Arkady FaivishevichHouse No. 25, building 1 Central Research Diesel Institute
From the book Magic and Culture in Management Science the author Shevtsov AlexeyChapter 8. Temple, or Research Institute In order to understand what the Temple is in the life of mankind and what the Temple is in the enterprise, one will have to return to the concept of the Source of life force. It would seem that there can be no other sources of power on Earth, except for
From the book Encyclopedia of the Third Reich author Voropaev Sergey"Hermann Goering Research Institute" A special organization created in 1933 by Hermann Goering to control the telephone and telegraph network and radio communications
From the book Fight for the Seas. The era of great geographical discoveries author Erdödi JanosResearch institute in a trading house Dealers of any era found, if they wanted, an "ideological base" for their machinations. In the 17th century, the lawyers of French shipowners and merchants tried to justify the actions of their masters with the principle of "freedom of maritime navigation." They
From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (AG) author TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (TR) of the author TSB TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (CE) of the author TSBOn October 16, 1918, the Scientific Automobile Laboratory was formed, which was soon transformed into the Central Research Automobile and Automotive Institute (NAMI). On the instructions of the Scientific and Technical Department in May 1920, a draft regulation of the future Scientific Automotive Institute was developed, and on March 14, 1921, the NTO Board approved the regulation on the institute. The Institute's activities were to be based on the following tasks: development and improvement of automotive technology; development and implementation of useful inventions in the field of automotive business; popularization and propaganda of the automotive business; examination and consultation. Here worked such famous scientists as: E.A. Chudakov, N.R. Briling, E.K. Masing, D.K. Karelskikh, G.G. Kalish, M.K. Christy and many others.
In the first years of NAMI's existence, attention was paid to the training of scientific personnel and to the creation of laboratory equipment on our own. During the Great Patriotic War and in the post-war period, NAMI helped to organize and form the design and experimental services of factories, to determine the main ways of development, to test and improve automotive technology.
Today, NAMI is one of the main developers of the “Concept for the Development of the Automotive Industry in Russia”, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 978-r dated June 16, 2002. The representation of the Russian Federation and the direct participation of the institute’s specialists in the activities of the working bodies of the Inland Transport Committee of the European Economic Commission are important (UNECE ITC), as well as in international organizations FISITA, ISATA, MTC-56, TC-56, ISO / TC-22, etc.
The State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation FSUE "NAMI" is accredited by the Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Gosstandart of Russia) as a Testing Center for Automotive Products (ITsAI), which is also a technical service under the Geneva Agreement of 1958 with the right to conduct tests according to the UNECE Rules. Since 2003 more than 6000 official Test Reports have been issued.
NAMI represents the Russian Federation in the Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization - ISO / TC 22 "Road Transport", on its basis the national technical committee TC-56 "Road Transport" functions, which also performs the functions of a technical committee for standardization in the Association of Automotive Engineers of Russia ( AAI).
The main activities of the institute are: forecasting the development of the automotive industry, fundamental research, design development, creation, testing and fine-tuning of promising models of automotive equipment and their components, applied research for industry plants, related industries and foreign firms.
In addition, NAMI carries out state regulation of scientific and technical policy in the automotive industry through a system of standardization and certification, develops theoretical foundations and creates vehicles, engines, components based on the concept of "full life cycle".
After the resource of the NAMI S-3M vehicle was exhausted, further work with pneumatic caterpillar propulsion units was continued on a prototype model, which received the designation NAMI S-3MU and was built on the basis of the GAZ-69. The main changes in design were reduced to the installation of pneumatic caterpillar propellers from NAMI S-3M instead of the rear drive wheels and the installation of a more powerful engine from the Volga. In addition, due to the use of a new propulsion unit, it was necessary to lengthen the body (the wheelbase was left the same) by 55 mm, and the overall width increased by 200 mm (due to an increase in the width of the wings). To avoid digging the car with the front wheels on weak soils, the standard wheels have been replaced with wide rollers with full profile tires.
Tests of the previously built articulated NAMI-0106 showed that the previously selected trapezoidal shape of the pneumotracks turned out to be suboptimal. The most efficient way was to manufacture pneumatic tracks from several isolated chambers arranged in parallel - each chamber had its own valve, which made it possible to set different pressures in them, redistributing it over the contact patch. It is this type of three-chamber pneumatic tracks 300 mm wide that were installed on NAMI S-3MU.
Also on NAMI S-3MU, a new pneumotrack type propulsion unit was tested, designed specifically to replace traditional steel tracks on serial tracked conveyors. The pneumotruck caterpillar consisted of separate pneumotrucks (they were made in the molds of NAMI in the Omsk NIKTI of the tire industry), each of which was made in the form of a closed rubber-cord shell, had a valve for adjusting the internal air pressure, two ridges and two metal vulcanized into lugs fingers, which served to connect the tracks into a caterpillar chain. A metal comb was put on each pair of fingers, in which the fingers were fixed from turning. The bending of the pneumotrack caterpillar around the extreme rollers was carried out by twisting the fingers in the body of the pneumotracks and bending the pneumotracks themselves. The width of the pneumatic tubes was 300 mm, the height was 80 mm, the height of the lugs was 15 mm, the height of the ridges was 55 mm, the overall length of the pneumatic tube was 196 mm, and the distance between the fingers was 161 mm. The number of pneumotrucks in the caterpillar - 17 pcs.
Tests of a car with pneumotrack tracks took place in the area of the city of Stupino in the Moscow region. NAMI S-3MU confidently walked through deep mud (up to 0.6 m) and ruts (0.5 m), while the car, if necessary, left the rut and continued to move across the rut. The UAZ-452 involved in comparative tests under such conditions completely lost its mobility. The all-terrain vehicle with pneumatic trucks confidently moved through wet plowing, stubble, wet sand, climbed a sandy slope with a steepness of 22 °. Thanks to the metal ridges used in the design of the mover, there were no falls of the pneumotruck tracks, but at the same time there was a noise characteristic of conventional tracked all-terrain vehicles, due to the impact contact of the ridges with the track rollers.
The level of technical perfection of pneumatic tracks achieved at that time did not yet allow recommending them for large-scale use on all-terrain vehicles. But already in those days, NAMI reports noted that the use of pneumatic tracks, arched and wide-profile tires in the national economy promises considerable economic benefits, since most of the cargo transportation in difficult road conditions was carried out on tracked GAZ-47 or GAZ-71, the operation of which led to unproductive waste of funds due to the low durability of the mover with a metal caterpillar. For example, the use of tracked vehicles in the sands of Central Asia during the construction of the Bukhara-Ural gas pipeline led to a decrease in their mileage to 300-500 km due to premature wear of the track pins instead of the average 1500-2000 km. However, all work in NAMI on pneumatic caterpillar propulsion in 1974 was curtailed as not corresponding to the automotive orientation of the institute, the developments were transferred to the Industry Research Laboratory of All-Terrain Vehicles (ONILVM, formerly known as the laboratory of S.V. Rukavishnikov) at the Gorky Polytechnic Institute.
