The YuMZ-6 excavator was built on the basis of the tractor of the same name, produced from 1970 to 2001 by Yuzhny machine building plant. Wheeled vehicles were designed for agricultural work. During production, several modifications of YuMZ-6 were produced, including the YuMZ-6KL excavator.
Excavator-tractor YuMZ-6: specifications
The -6 itself became a descendant of the famous MTZ-5 tractor of the same manufacturer. The machine retained the continuity of the design and in many ways resembled its predecessor. The agricultural universal row-crop tractor belongs to the traction class 1.4 and is distinguished by a semi-frame layout that is classic for machines of this purpose.
Engine and transmission
Two types of diesel four-stroke engines without turbocharging were installed on YuMZ-6 excavators:
- D-65 with a volume of 4.94 liters;
- D-242-71 with a volume of 4.75 liters.
The engine power of the YuMZ-6 excavator was determined by its model. The factory D-65 produced 60 hp, and the D-242-71 produced 62 hp. The power unit of the D-65 brand was supplemented with an electric starter starting motor. Rated speed crankshaft was 1800 rpm.
The transmission system of the YuMZ-6 tractor-excavator consists of five-speed gearbox gears with a dual-flow dry clutch. The car develops speed up to 24.5 km/h. The gearbox is equipped with double gears. Some tractor models were supplemented with a doubler gearbox. Specific consumption YuMZ-6 fuel reaches 185 g / hp * h. The machine can climb slopes up to 10 degrees.
YuMZ-6 tractor-excavator: hydraulics
The hydraulic system of YuMZ-6 tractors is designed to control rear linkage. This integrated system, made up of:
- oil pump;
- oil filter and filling tank;
- distributor of hydraulic cylinders;
- fittings designed to connect hydroficated bodies of aggregated machines.
The hydraulic system of the YuMZ-6 excavator is of a separate-aggregate type. Chassis operated by a single lever, which allows the machine to be used without instructions. Steering column adjustable in angle and height. YuMZ-6 is a simple technique in all respects, maintainable and easy to operate.
YuMZ-6 excavator: overall dimensions
- length - 4165 mm;
- width - 1884 mm;
- cabin height - 2485 mm;
- longitudinal base - 2450 mm;
- track adjustable within the range of 1400-1800 mm;
- operating weight depending on the configuration and model - 3200, 3400, 3700, 3900 kg.
Modifications
During the work on YuMZ-6, the Southern Machine-Building Plant produced not only more than 100 thousand cars, but also offered the consumer several special modifications:
- YuMZ-6L, outwardly resembling the MTZ-50, differed in a rounded radiator grille. The machine was equipped with a starting engine;
- UMZ-6AL - a machine with a steering rack adjustable in height and angle, modified dashboard, rectangular hood and constructive improvements in the brake system;
- YuMZ-6KL is an industrial modification of the tractor, produced without a rear mounted system. Instead, the manufacturer installed standard mounts for bulldozer and excavator equipment. In essence, it is the YuMZ-6KL modification that can be considered as an excavator. After the first UMZ-6A model was discontinued, this version took the place of the base one. On its basis, an agricultural machine was developed;
- YuMZ-6AK - was first released in 1978. The cab of the equipment was distinguished by better visibility, and the hydraulic system began to be equipped with power and position control.
Application
Modification tractor YuMZ-6 excavator equipment has been widely adopted among domestic consumer. Despite the fact that the machines have been out of production for a long time, the technician continues to work in farms of various kinds.
Initially, the YuMZ-6KL model with a 65-horsepower engine and excavator equipment was intended for use in construction and the municipal sector. Relatively small dimensions and high performance have become the key to the success of the machine in Russia. In addition, the YuMZ-6 excavator has an undeniable advantage over Western counterparts, and this advantage is its price.
Tailored for Agriculture a tractor based on the UMZ-6KL became suitable for cultivating, harvesting, planning and preparing fields, sowing and transporting goods in an aggregate with agricultural and industrial machines.
Speaking about the EO 2621 excavator, it should be noted that it is already for a long time is the most demanded in the vastness of the entire post-Soviet space. Its design is as simple as possible and does not have serious innovations brought scientific and technological progress, but despite this, this type of special equipment was very fond of the people. The most interesting thing is that EO 2621 is a generalized name for several the most popular models tractors, which are used as the main base for the installation of additional excavation and other equipment. The most common base is following models: (82 and a number of other modifications), and . Therefore great attention the working elements of this excavator deserve it.
The versatility that the EO 2621 excavator has is simply unique. This single bucket excavator it is used very widely, as it can be operated with a number of interchangeable working elements.
In addition to the already mentioned excavation equipment, which includes the use of a backhoe bucket (digging small holes or trenches), a straight shovel bucket (loading bulk materials, creating dumps and embankments), EO 2621 can be equipped with a special crane suspension (all kinds of loading and unloading manipulations, as well as certain types auxiliary installation work), pitchforks (loading or unloading hay, straw, silage and other agricultural products), a hydraulic hammer (destructive work), a bulldozer blade (filling holes, removing snow, leveling building sites). Therefore, the scope of this excavator is quite diverse, ranging from industry to public utilities, because very often you can see EO 2621 tearing the place of a breakthrough in thermal communications or loading construction debris.
The device of the excavator EO 2621:
1 - dozer blade; 2 - hydraulic cylinder of the bulldozer blade; 3 - bulldozer frame; 4 - fuel tank; 5 - tractor; 6 - hydraulic system tank; 7 - pumping group; 8 - cabin; 9 - frame; 10 - seat; 11 - distributors; 12 - turning mechanism; 13 - hydraulic cylinder of the handle; 14 - handle; 15 - bucket hydraulic cylinder; 16 - bucket; 17 - boom hydraulic cylinder; 18 - arrow. 19 - connecting pipelines; 20 - rotary column; 21 - hydraulic cylinders; 22 - outrigger.
Excavator EO 2621 technical specifications
In order to analyze the simplicity of this excavator in more detail, consider its technical characteristics and indicators of the most common working element - the backhoe bucket.
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Rated motor power |
44(60) kW (hp) |
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Movement speed |
0.58-5.3 (2.1 - 19.0) m/s (km/h) |
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Length in transport position |
6.48 m |
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Width, excavator EO-2621 |
2.2 m |
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Transport height |
3.8 m |
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Front wheel track |
1.46 m |
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Track rear wheels |
1.55 m |
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0.4 m |
|
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Front tire pressure |
1.7-0 18 (1.7-1.8) MPa (kgf/cm2) |
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Rear tire pressure |
0.19-0.2 (1.9-2.0) MPa (kgf/cm2) |
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Structural mass |
5300 kg |
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Implement rotation angle |
28 (160) (in plan), rad (deg) |
|
Hydraulic system pressure |
10 and 7.5 MPa (100 and 75) (kgf/cm2) |
|
dm3 100 |
|
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Operating parameters of the backhoe |
|
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Bucket capacity |
0.25 m3 |
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Bucket capacity |
475 kg |
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Bucket width |
0.76 m |
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Maximum dig depth |
3m |
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largest radius digging |
5 m |
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highest height unloading |
2.2 m |
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Greatest effort digging |
2570 kgf |
It is important to emphasize that EO 2621 whose technical characteristics are as productive as possible, is able to effectively perform its work functions in the most different conditions. Its hydraulics can undergo staggering sub-zero temperatures, down to -40°, as well as extreme heat up to +40° and still work properly.
Kinematic and hydraulic diagram of the excavator EO 2621
a - kinematic; b - hydraulic; 1, 20 and 22 - pumps; 2 and 21 - gearboxes; 3 - tank; 4 - unloading valve; 5, 6 and 8 - distributors; 7- bypass valve; 9 - reverse controlled valves; 10 - needles; 11 - bulldozer hydraulic cylinder; 12 and 13 - hydraulic cylinders of outriggers; 14 and 16 - hydraulic cylinders of the turning mechanism; 15 - check valve; 17 - bucket hydraulic cylinder; 18 - hydraulic cylinders of the handle; 19 - boom hydraulic cylinder.
Among other positive features that the 2621 excavator has, the following can be noted:
- functional unpretentiousness, simplicity Maintenance, availability and low cost of spare parts;
- comparative efficiency of the use of fuel resources (when compared with other types of similar excavators);
– the highest mobility;
- the ability to quickly change any work items;
– small size, which makes it possible to effectively use this excavator in limited conditions and on unstable soils;
- ease of management of working elements and the wheelbase itself.
As for the individual technical characteristics of the working base of the EO 2621 excavators, they can be viewed in the section where they are described in detail specific models. But for the sake of justice, it should be noted that earlier excavators based on YuMZ were more common, and today you can increasingly see MTZ equipped with a bucket and a blade. Although YuMZ-6 and MTZ-82 have one traction class of 1.4, modern models Minsky tractor plant more meet the requirements of the "new time" and are more popular with consumers. As for specific manufacturers of EO 2621 excavators, there are a lot of them. Today they are assembled both at small specialized enterprises with a short assembly cycle, and at large plants, such as the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant.
Excavator EO 2621, the price of which in most cases does not exceed a million - this is primarily budget excavator . Compared with other similar types of special equipment, it has the most low price, but at the same time is not inferior to its competitors in terms of performance.
UMZ excavator is special kind special equipment designed for construction or utility work. Also he found wide application for loading and unloading earthmoving in the field of agriculture, land reclamation, gas and oil industry, laying of pipelines, cables, excavation of pits, etc.
The main difference of this model is that the YuMZ excavator is made in the form of a tractor, on which a strapping frame and a bulldozer frame are attached to increase power, it is also equipped with other attachments. The swivel column, located on the strapping frame, operates with a two-cylinder drive and has a rotation angle of 160°. Boom and bucket drive is also hydraulic.
YuMZ excavators - universal earthmoving equipment
A distinctive feature of the working unit is its small dimensions, moreover, such transport is quite versatile, due to the presence of several interchangeable bucket devices, as well as a loader and a grab of various sizes. The grab can be used for loading bulk materials, straw, fertilizers and other goods. A unified excavator shovel is used for digging holes, pits, trenches on various soils (earth, clay, light salt marsh, crushed stone, slag, etc.), and there is also a loading hook and a bulldozer for raking.
Thanks to the above qualities, with the help of this type special equipment, it is possible to carry out work processes in sectors that are hard to reach for other equipment. Also of great importance is the high performance of the mechanical vehicle, namely the reliability and durability of the equipment that the YuMZ excavator is equipped with. Technical spare parts Manufactured from high quality structural steels.
The model type of excavator UMZ 6 is mainly used when carrying out earthworks in soils of 1-4 categories, or for loading different kind raw materials and materials having both a solid structure and a loosened base. General filling tank provides the operation of two independent hydraulic drives, the first of which, using gear pumps and a distributor, ensures the operation of the boom, stick and bucket, the second is responsible for the turning mechanism, bulldozer and outriggers. Piston-type hydraulic cylinders are used.
Excavator of this type can also be used as a crane or hydraulic hammer, equipped with forks, and if necessary, the backhoe is reinstalled in a direct fixture. YuMZ 6 excavator, whose technical characteristics are at a high level, is not inferior to other analogues of domestic and imported production. Due to its small dimensions compared to heavier equipment, this transport has the flexibility to perform work at the level of larger and strong models. Its operating weight is 6600 kg, the unloading height reaches 3.2 m, the bucket capacity is 0.28 m3, the digging radius reaches 5.3 m, the maximum digging depth reaches 2.3 m.
Technical characteristics of YuMZ excavators
Powers the excavator with a new four-cylinder diesel engine model D-242, whose power is 62 horsepower, while in working condition the fuel consumption does not exceed 10.8 liters. at one o'clock. In addition, the unit has the following benefits to optimize workflows:
The chassis is not tracked, but wheeled, while rear wheels- leading, and front - guides, are made on pneumatic tires;
The steering wheel is reinforced with a hydraulic device;
Mechanical transmission;
The 9-speed gearbox is equipped with a gearbox that allows you to increase power by 2 times;
Allows you to develop speed when moving forward up to 32 km. per hour, at reversing- up to 25 km. at one o'clock.
The UMZ excavator can work in difficult weather conditions at different levels temperature regime(from +40 to -40 °C), as well as in an environment with increased level sand or dust. In addition to the above functional abilities, the technical characteristics allow for a wide range of work operations: dig pits with a dump, carry out the development of small faces, create embankments, clean up the territory and carry out some installation processes. To increase the service life and reduce the degree of wear of the hydraulics of the YuMZ excavator, it is necessary to periodically clean the bottom of the oil tank, change filters, oil and wipers in a timely manner, and check the tightness of all connections in the engine structure.
The price of YuMZ excavators is determined depending on its equipment with additional mechanisms, performance and other parameters necessary for the performance of tasks assigned to the equipment by the customer or contractor.
The need for a large traction force has become the main reason for the emergence of such a mechanism as a tractor. Its features - low speed and great traction power. Powerful tractor, adapted not only for all types of loading and earthworks, it is also a mobile base for various kinds of mechanisms and devices. Therefore, to ensure multifunctionality, the tractor is equipped with a hydraulic system.
Diesel, big wheels, hydraulics
A large role in the purpose of the tractor is played by the method of movement. If the track base is responsible for cross-country ability and high traction power wheelbase provides maneuverability and operational movement, as well as the ability to move on the asphalt surface. The wheeled excavator bulldozer EO 2621 has the most convenient ratio of the diameter and width of the rear and front wheels, which allows to increase off-road patency;- At construction sites;
- When developing quarries;
- When driving over rough terrain.
Full Load Combinations
Jackhammers, grabs, excavators, bulldozers, all these types of hydraulic devices are indispensable in construction, mining, mining and heavy industries, and infrastructure. And all of them have a device for installation on the tractor's bearing support. Successfully modified model - wheel excavator EO 2621 is selectively equipped with many quick-detachable equipment:- Backhoe - digs trenches, small holes and pits;
- Straight shovel - for holding loading operations, raking material (garbage, slag, sand, etc.) in one place;
- Crane suspension - carry out loading and unloading operations, install on optional equipment hydraulic hammer;
- Loading bucket of normal or increased capacity - carry out stripping work, loading bulk materials;
- Forks - designed mainly for agricultural work (hay, silage, etc.);
- Grab - a device for moving bulk materials of different fractions;
- Ripper tooth - when digging frozen soil, a tooth is used for preliminary loosening. The use of a hydraulic hammer for such work is prohibited;
- Hydraulic hammer - for crushing large stones in quarries, pavement etc.
Modifications with various attachments
The wheel excavator EO 2621 based on YuMZ has several modifications, which are determined by the configuration of the above hydraulic mechanisms during factory assembly. With selective configuration, the cost of an excavator can vary widely. Unclaimed features are not only a wasted investment, but also take away potential and cause inconvenience in operation. Partial range:- EO 2621-10 - the presence of a bulldozer blade;
- EO 2621-12 - equipment with a hydro-rotating dozer blade;
- EO 2621-30 - bulldozer blade and digging axle of a displaceable structure;
- EO 2621-31 - with a displaceable digging axis, no frontal bulldozer blade;
- EO 2621-32 - a hydraulic drive with a dozer blade and a displaceable digging axis.
Soil excavator
Mechanization increases the volume of excavation by several tens of times. A single-bucket excavator based on YuMZ EO 2621 operates smoothly in soils from categories 1 to 4, at temperatures from -40 to +40˚С. 1 and 2 categories are soft and medium hard soils. When working with soils of categories 3 and 4, assistance is required in the form of preliminary loosening.- Category 1 - loose soils (sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc.), soddy layer;
- Category 2 - consists of particles of medium hardness binding to each other (loam, fine and medium gravel);
- Category 3 - dense loam, heavy clay;
- Category 4 - permafrost or soils with seasonal freezing, dense rocks of quartz, limestone, etc.
Introduction of new technologies
Currently, the single-bucket excavator EO 2621 is produced by several factories in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. At this stage of production, new developments have been introduced that have put the work of the excavator on more high level, while improving the technical characteristics of the unit and the working conditions of the operator.- Hydrodistributor 6 section with built-in safety valves ensures smooth movement and switching operations, and work accuracy;
- Protective automatic systems for protection in case of errors in the work of the operator;
- Levers and other controls are located at a convenient distance for the operator;
- Possibility of combining operations, saving time and labor costs.
Types of buckets EO 2621
The main and main working tool of an excavator is a bucket. Apart from hydraulic equipment, volume and shape are the main functions. The bucket volume of the EO 2621 excavator varies from 0.25 to 0.28 m³. Can be completed different types teeth, which are made of steel that is more durable and resistant to abrasion. Its purpose depends on the shape of the tooth:- Standard
- Reinforced - for harder ground
- Ripper
- Trenching - digging trenches with an angle of 90˚
- Profile - digging trenches with a given slope angle
- rocky
- Loading
The YuMZ excavator was designed by the Southern Machine-Building Plant. This unit was designed on the basis of the YuMZ tractor. The machine has many positive functions that are indispensable when working on construction, digging channels, loading various cargoes. It is important to know how many characteristics this model has in order not to make a mistake with the choice.
The lineup
From model range can be distinguished:
- Modification YuMZ-6L. The prototype of this model is the MTZ-50 tractor.
- UMZ-6AK. The tractor was distinguished by a cab with improved visibility. The installation of a PTO at YuMZ has significantly expanded the functionality of attachments.
- Model YuMZ-6AL. The tractor had an adjustable steering rack, modified braking system, an updated dashboard and a modified hood.
- Modification of the YuMZ-6KL excavator. Model 6KL is presented in industrial version. The tractor is equipped with standard mounting blocks for bulldozer and excavator equipment, the hydraulics and hydraulic system are significantly enhanced.
The most common YuMZ excavator is EO 2621A. This model can still be found on any construction site today. Excavator dimensions:
- length - 4.165 m;
- width - 1.88 m;
- height - 2.49 m.
The mass of the excavator is 3.2-3.9 tons. The weight varies due to the configuration and type of attachments.
Power unit, transmission and hydraulics
The power units of YuMZ excavators are presented four-stroke engines. Of these, we can distinguish:
- D-65 engine with an installed power of 60 Horse power, in addition to the engine, a starter unit was installed;
- engine D-242-71 with a capacity of 71 horsepower.
The D-65 engine capacity is 4.95 liters. Engine capacity D-242-71 - 4.75 liters. Specifications power units regulate the speed of rotation of the crankshaft, which is 1,800 revolutions per minute.
The YuMZ excavator has 5 step box gears equipped with a dry clutch. The drive shaft and the power take-off shaft are interconnected. The parts of the box are lubricated by spraying oil. The gearbox is controlled using the gear shift lever and the lock lever. The transmission specifications guarantee a speed of 24.5 km/h and climbing at an angle of 10°.
The YuMZ excavator (cockerel) loader has a modular type hydraulic system, which consists of the following units:
- Oil TANK, which serves as a reservoir for hydraulic fluid. Located on the left side for better control oil level. This is convenient for the tractor driver.
- Hydraulic distributor - 2 pcs. The hydraulic scheme implies the presence of a fluid flow distributor for better control of excavator mechanisms.
- Gear pump. Hydraulic circuit it is completed with standard pumps like NSh-71 and NSh-100. The pumps are driven through a splined coupling from the transmission gear. The pump gears are cast integrally with the shafts.
- Hydraulic cylinders. Power cylinders hydraulics raise, lower the bucket and blade of the YuMZ EO excavator. Cylinders are attached with brackets.
- Pipes and hoses high pressure necessary to supply oil to the nodes hydraulic system EO 2621.
For better management equipped with power steering. GUR drives the pump NSh-10.
Operation and equipment
The excavator based on YuMZ 6 is adapted to work in a wide temperature range, reliable and versatile. It copes with the heat and starts perfectly at -40 ° C.
The device and layout of the excavator allows you to use it for various construction works.
Modernization and alteration allow expanding the range of trailers and attachments.
An example is a quick-hitch front loader.
Loader Specifications:
- lifting height - 4m;
- replacement time of the working body 1-4 minutes;
- knife thickness - 20mm;
- bucket thickness - 4mm;
- lining thickness - 10mm.
The loader is designed to work with various cargoes (sand, grain, crushed stone, etc.), equipped with quick-release clamps, which significantly reduces the time of its installation and dismantling.
