Many people know famous astronauts and astronauts, and if you ask any passer-by on the street: “What is the difference between an astronaut and an astronaut?”, Not everyone will answer. If you are interested in space, read the typical literature for the study of this matter, then you should know these simple differences. The differences between seemingly similar words are significant. After all, this is connected with the history of great countries: America and the USSR.
History of appearance
It all started with the beginning of the enmity between the two great powers - the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (America). The two powers sought not only to take the "throne", but also to be the first to launch an astronaut / astronaut into space. The launch of the first man has acquired tremendous significance for world history. Everyone hoped to find extraterrestrial life and find out what the expanses of space hide in themselves. And the honor of the first launch fell to the USSR. The first person who entered forever into the history of mankind- Yuri Gagarin.
Yuri flew around the planet on its axis on a rocket and returned safely to Earth. America decided to keep up with the USSR and began developing an astronaut trip to the moon. It was America who first took a step on the soil of the moon. To show his superiority and leave a reminder to future generations, the astronaut left the flag of America on the moon.
Each of the countries did not want to give in and develop further in this area. Therefore, it is generally accepted that the person who first visited the expanses of space is an astronaut. Despite differences in culture, each of the countries knows significant differences between these two concepts. Therefore, Armstrong (America) is an astronaut, and Valentina Tereshkova (USSR) is an astronaut. Exists huge difference between the two, and the article will answer this question.
Main differences
- A person who flew into space on a Russian and Soviet-made ship is a cosmonaut.
- If the flight into space was carried out on a ship of American or other production - an astronaut.
- There is another concept - taikonaut. Origin (from the Chinese "tycoon") - Chinese spacecraft.
Very often in English the concepts of astronaunt and cosmonaut are confused. This is due to the lack of education of people in some aspects. Education in schools, universities, and so on does not provide specifics in this regard, so for many, the differences may not be significant.
The concept of "cosmonaut" is more used in speech and is considered more logical. Since the person who first visited the expanses of space is an astronaut. An astronaut is a person who has made an intergalactic journey. There are no such people on planet Earth, because technologies and knowledge about space are not so progressive as to surf the expanses of space. Very often the concept of "Astronaut" is used in the section of literature "Fiction". Therefore, an astronaut is a more mundane and correct name for space travelers.
The emergence of such synonyms and differences in interpretation was due to the Cold War between America and the USSR. Each power sought to bring something new to the life of space and become the first in this matter. Very often, the differences between words are associated due to political hostility between countries. There are also names in the practice of using these words. For example, a person who begins to prepare for space flight in the United States is called an astronaut. In the USSR, in order to deserve the assignment of the position of “cosmonaut”, a person, in addition to hard training, needs to fly into space. After the end of the flight and a safe return to Earth, a person has the right to call himself "pilot-cosmonaut".
A person who is preparing to fly into space and is ready to devote his future life to space travel has the right to be called a "Professional Astronaut". Until 2004, the government was involved in preparing people for space. But everything changed after the SpaceShip 1 flight. This was the first commercial launch that was not sponsored by the government. Thus, a new kind of astronauts appeared. In addition to the difference in the ships, the methods of training astronauts have also changed in equipment. After 2004 NASA introduced the name "Participant in space flight". Thus, all concepts were combined into one.
The first and most significant difference is the history of the emergence of cosmonauts - the USSR, and the astronaut - America. The term "cosmonaut" appeared earlier. And last but not least, the astronauts fly around the Earth along the axis, and the astronaut tends to go beyond the axis.
Astronaut and cosmonaut
Question
What is the difference between the words "cosmonaut" and "astronaut"?
Astronaut- a specially trained person who makes flights into space. Astronaut- the same as astronaut. Term astronaut was adopted and traditionally used in English-speaking countries.
And after the flight into space of the first Chinese astronaut, a new word appeared, formed according to this model - taikonaut.
. Yu. A. Belchikov, O. I. Razheva. 2015 .
See what "astronaut and cosmonaut" is in other dictionaries:
astronaut- star pilot, cosmonaut, astropilot, star explorer, space explorer, cosmonaut, cosmonaut, stargazer Dictionary of Russian synonyms. astronaut see cosmonaut Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language ... Synonym dictionary
See astronaut and cosmonaut... Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language
Astronaut- Alan Bartlet Shepard. The first American to make a suborbital space flight ... Wikipedia
astronaut- astronaut, stargazer, starship pilot; spaceship pilot, messenger of the earth, space explorer, conqueror of space, columbus of the cosmos, columbus of the universe, scapegoat, space pilot, conqueror of the universe, astro pilot, star explorer, ... ... Synonym dictionary
astronaut- COSMONAUT1, astronaut COSMONAUT2, astro-pilot, astronaut, space pilot, astronomer, space pilot, space explorer... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
ASTRONAUT Modern Encyclopedia
Astronaut- (from space and Greek nautes navigator) (astronaut), a person who tests and operates space technology in space flight and conducts research as part of the crew of a spacecraft. The first cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin (1961), ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
ASTRONAUT- (from space and Greek nautes navigator) (astronaut) a person who tests and operates space technology in space flight. The training of cosmonauts in the USSR began in 1960, in the USA in 1959. The first cosmonaut Yu. A. Gagarin (1961), the first ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
ASTRONAUT- (in Russian, cosmonaut), a person who controls a spacecraft or is in its crew, or is training to participate in such a flight. The first person to fly around the Earth was Yuri Gagarin (1961). The first person to set foot on... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
ASTRONAUT- (from astro ... and Greek nautes navigator), the same as an astronaut. The term is used, for example, in the USA, Great Britain, France ... Modern Encyclopedia
Books
- An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth. What 4,000 Hours in Orbit Taught Me by Christopher Hadfield. The New York Times bestseller. Three months in Amazon tops. com. Million sales. `Hadfield has done more to change the way we think about space exploration than perhaps any of...
ASTRONAUT
ASTRONAUT(in Russian - cosmonaut), a person who controls a spacecraft or is in its crew, or is training to participate in such a flight. The first person to fly around the Earth was Yuri Gagarin (1961). The first person to walk on the surface of the moon was Neil Armstrong (1969). Valentina Tereshkova (USSR, 1963) became the first woman in space.
Astronauts flying on NASA shuttle-type spacecraft (shuttle) use space suits (1), which allow crew members to work in space for up to seven consecutive hours. The spacesuit shell is multi-layered, it combines eight materials. The outer layer is made of specially treated nylon to prevent damage from tiny meteorite impacts, followed by four layers of aluminum foil to provide protection from solar radiation, and below them is a fire-resistant layer with increased tensile strength. The astronaut is protected from the vacuum of space by a polyurethane-coated nylon overall, into which air is supplied under pressure. Discomfort caused by extremely high or extremely low temperatures is eliminated by a water heating and cooling system - a network of tubes laid in a nylon undersuit. (2) The Manual Maneuvering Pack (MMU) allows the astronaut to move away from the ship. Energy is supplied from 24 pushers located at the corners of the backpack. By releasing compressed nitrogen from two tanks (3) through the nozzles, the astronaut can move in a vacuum. The control levers regulate rotation (4) and speed (5). The video camera (6) sends images inside the ship and captures the work being done.
Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary.
Synonyms:See what "ASTRONAUT" is in other dictionaries:
Astronaut ... Spelling Dictionary
Alan Bartlet Shepard. The first American to make a suborbital space flight ... Wikipedia
Star pilot, cosmonaut, astro-pilot, star explorer, space explorer, cosmonaut, cosmonaut, star explorer Dictionary of Russian synonyms. astronaut see cosmonaut Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language ... Synonym dictionary
- (from astro ... and Greek nautes navigator), the same as an astronaut. The term is used, for example, in the USA, Great Britain, France ... Modern Encyclopedia
- (from astro ... and Greek nautes navigator) the same as an astronaut. The term is common in the US and some other countries... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
ASTRONAUT, a, husband. 1. Specialist in astronautics. 2. In some foreign terminologies: the same as an astronaut. | female astronaut, i. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
astronaut- a, m. astronaute m. Cosmonaut abroad. ES. Lex. IAU 1957: astrona/tu… Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
astronaut- A specialist working on a spacecraft outside the earth's atmosphere. Syn.: astronaut ... Geography Dictionary
Astronaut- (from astro ... and Greek nautes navigator), the same as an astronaut. The term is used, for example, in the USA, Great Britain, France. … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
ASTRONAUT- the same as (see); the term is adopted in a number of foreign countries, mainly in the USA ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia
Books
- Astronaut Jones Time for the Stars, R. Heinlein. If you have a goal in life and a persistent desire to achieve this goal, nothing will stop you on this path. Maximillian Jones has such a goal - the stars. Max knows for sure, absolutely sure of...
A person who has flown on an American spacecraft is an astronaut. Recently, American specialists have been flying into space on Russian-made vehicles, but they continue to be called astronauts;
The man who flew on the Chinese spacecraft is a taikonaut (from the Chinese "taikun" (space) and the Greek "nauta" (navigator)).
In English, people who flew into space are called astronauts (astronaut), however, in relation to the cosmonauts of Russia and the USSR, the Russian term cosmonaut is often used.
In general, the term "cosmonaut" is more logical than "astronaut", since etymologically the first one means a person who has flown into space, while the second one essentially means a person making an interstellar flight, which was not relevant for the near future and applied only to works of science fiction.
The terms cosmonaut and astronaut are synonymous in most languages, and until the end of the Cold War, the choice of one or the other name was most often explained by the political commitment of the speaker. At the same time, there are small nuances in the practice of using these names. So, a person who starts training under the state space program in the USA is immediately called an astronaut, in the USSR and in Russia - similarly, but the title "Pilot-Cosmonaut" in Russia is assigned only after a space flight.
People who have chosen to fly into space as their profession are today called "professional astronauts". Until now, the flights of professional astronauts were prepared only by governments, but with the flight in 2004 of the private spacecraft "SpaceShipOne", the situation changed. A new breed of professional has emerged, trained and flown by commercial companies. In addition, the development of space tourism has forced NASA and the Russian Federal Space Agency to adopt another term - "space flight participant".
I am sure that you have heard both words: astronaut and astronaut. But have you ever wondered what the difference is? If not, then in vain - the topic is interesting. Moreover, everyone should know the differences between a cosmonaut and an astronaut, because this is directly related to the history of our common great Motherland - the Soviet Union.
As we already know, in the last century, two powerful powers began space exploration - the Soviet Union and the United States. Both of these countries sent their outstanding cosmonauts/astronauts into space. These events were incredibly significant for the whole world. The Russians first sent a man into space (Yuri Gagarin), but a little later the Americans were the first to land on the moon. Every country wanted to enjoy such an outstanding achievement to the fullest, so no loanwords were intended. Therefore, a cosmonaut is a Soviet space explorer, an astronaut is a foreign, American space explorer. Both Russians and Americans know both words. In America, news programs still call Russian, Kazakh cosmonauts “cosmonauts”, and their own astronauts. Also in Russia, Neil Armstrong is an astronaut and Valentina Tereshkova is a cosmonaut.
American astronaut Neil Armstrong on the moon
There is no difference in the functions performed during the flight, the features of work between astronauts and astronauts. To some extent, becoming an astronaut is easier, because by American standards, an astronaut is considered to be the pilot who has risen to a height of eighty and a half kilometers or more. In order to be considered an astronaut in Russia, you must make an orbital flight. At the same time, the term “cosmonaut” de jure appeared earlier, since in 1957 the Soviet Union sent the dog Laika into the airless space, which, as you understand, was not an astronaut, but a “cosmonaut”. In any case, the first human cosmonaut was again Yuri Gagarin, although the de facto term "astronaut" was found in science fiction literature earlier.
Findings site
- Cosmonaut is a Soviet, Russian term, astronaut is an American one.
- Although the term "astronaut" itself is older, in fact "astronauts" appeared earlier.
- Astronauts are those who make orbital flights, astronauts are all those who exceed the height of eighty and a half kilometers.
