Each car has its own There is no specific standard for the volume parameter that all car manufacturers would adhere to. Let's figure out what the capacities of different types of fuel tanks are, determine the features and structure of these elements.
How manufacturers calculate
It is believed that a car must have enough fuel so that it can travel 500 kilometers on one gas station. This is an unwritten rule that many automakers adhere to. Therefore, the capacity of the fuel tank will be different for cars with high and low fuel consumption.
On average, the fuel tank holds 55-70 liters of gasoline, however, due to the reduced fuel consumption of small engines, there is a tendency to reduce the capacity of the fuel tank. This is logical, because a passenger car with a small engine displacement needs much less fuel in order to travel 500 km. In addition, the efficiency of the fuel itself is growing due to an increase in the octane number and the use of various additives, which also implies savings and a decrease in tank capacity. A big jeep with a voracious engine will "eat" much more gasoline, therefore, its fuel tank should be more capacious.
As for diesel, the fuel tank of cars that use diesel is often smaller compared to gasoline cars. This is logical, since the efficiency of diesel fuel is higher than the efficiency of gasoline. Therefore, a car with a 40-litre tank full of diesel fuel will travel the same distance as a car with a full 50-litre tank. But this is too rough a comparison.
Fuel tanks of passenger cars
To approximately understand the numbers, you need to refer to the technical parameters of the cars. The new "Lada Vesta" of the Russian concern "AvtoVAZ" is equipped with a tank with a capacity of 55 liters. This is a fairly high figure, and the closest competitors - Kia Rio and Hyundai Solaris - are equipped with 43-liter tanks. The fuel consumption of these cars is approximately the same, which means that the Lada will travel a longer distance on a full tank, which is one of the advantages.
The larger Volkswagen Tiguan has a tank capacity of 58-64 liters (depending on the specific modification), and huge cars such as the Toyota Land Cruiser, with high fuel consumption, have 93-liter tanks.
As for the size, everything is much more complicated with this. Some manufacturers make rectangular tanks that can be approximately 60x40x20 cm. There are tanks with completely different dimensions, and some manufacturers adapt these fuel containers to fit into the design. Their size cannot be described by three or four parameters.
Truck tank capacities
As for trucks, the KamAZ car is popular, the fuel tank of which, depending on the model, can have a different volume. The smallest capacity is 125 liters. However, due to the high fuel consumption, KamAZ is not able to travel a long distance (and even with a load) on such a tank, so the manufacturer has provided for other containers that are used on this vehicle. Thus, a KamAZ fuel tank can have a capacity of 125 to 600 liters in increments of 50 or 40 liters.
There may also be non-standard modifications of tanks for 700 liters. The fact is that not only the manufacturing plant manufactures fuel tanks, third-party manufacturers can also do this. In general, there is little chance of finding products from the KamAZ plant on the market, most often there are tanks from third-party manufacturers.
The second popular truck is the GAZelle. Despite the fact that this car is a truck, the GAZelle fuel tank holds only 60 liters of gasoline. And this is very inconvenient, given that the fuel consumption of the car is quite large. Therefore, when driving long distances, you have to take additional canisters of fuel with you.
Some owners of these cars change the old, small tank for a new one. Third-party manufacturers produce fuel tanks for the GAZelle with a capacity of up to 150 liters.
All this allows us to conclude that the fuel tank is a variable, not a constant value, and it is different for different cars. Even two identical models can use completely different fuel containers with different capacities.
Huge trucks like SCANIA 113 have tanks for 450-500 liters. The XF can have an 870-litre fuel tank, while the heavy-duty F90 has a 1,260-litre tank. It's just incredibly large capacity, and the small 45-liter tanks of passenger cars look ridiculous against their background.
Fuel tank device
Now that we understand how many liters a fuel tank can hold gasoline, we can talk about its design. On passenger cars, it is placed in the rear of the body, under the passenger seats. At the same time, it is covered with a strong metal plate to avoid deformation during a collision, and is also insulated from overheating using special heat-insulating gaskets.
Material
Tanks can be made of metal, aluminum, plastic. Aluminum tanks are used to store diesel and gasoline fuel, steel tanks are used for gas. As for plastic tanks, they have become very popular in recent times due to the ease of production and molding. Due to the peculiarities of plastic to quickly acquire the desired shape, manufacturers create tanks of various design difficulties. In addition, this material is not subject to corrosion, well protects against leaks due to the use of different technologies (coating the inner surface with fluorine is one of them).
Fuel filler neck
The tank is filled through the neck, which is most often located above the rear wing of the right or left side. The experts explain that the left side is ideal from the point of view of safety of the fuel filler neck, since when refueling it reduces the chances of starting off before the filling nozzle is removed from the tank. So the driver has better control over the process.
The neck is connected to the tank through a pipeline, and it is located under a special cap of the fuel tank neck. This cover on older cars opens from the outside (that is, any passer-by can open it), but on modern cars, the cover opens from the passenger compartment. The most commonly used mechanical method of opening with a cable.
fuel line
The supply of gasoline or diesel fuel to the engine power system is carried out through the output fuel line. A fuel pump is also used for this, which pumps gasoline from the tank into the engine power system. Fuel not consumed by the engine is returned to the tank. So gasoline constantly circulates through the fuel line: part of it is spent on the operation of the engine, and the second is returned back.
Level control sensor
This sensor is in all tanks and is part of the fuel pump. If the gasoline level goes down, the float goes down. This entails changing the resistance of the potentiometer connected to the float. As a result, the mains voltage drops, and the arrow on the dashboard indicates the change. So the driver sees how much gasoline is left in the tank.
Ventilation
One of the important systems is ventilation. The fact is that in the tank you must always maintain a pressure equal to atmospheric pressure, and ventilation is responsible for this. Modern machines are equipped with a closed tank ventilation system, which prevents a drop or increase in pressure inside it. If the pressure inside the tank drops, then it can deform, and an increase in pressure in general can tear the tank apart. Considering that there is fuel inside, a lot of attention is paid to the implementation of an effective ventilation system.
When the fuel leaves the tank, the pressure in it drops, resulting in a vacuum. Thanks to the ventilation system, this effect is eliminated: the safety valve lets air in. This valve is located at the neck cover, and it can only pass air in one direction.
When refueling, excess air enters the tank, which causes gasoline vapors to form. These excesses are forced out by the ventilation system through a special pipeline. Gasoline vapors can also form at elevated temperatures, which also leads to an increase in pressure. And only the ventilation system saves the tank from its complete rupture into pieces.
Conclusion
The fuel tank of a car is a rather complex structure. Despite the apparent simplicity of the device, many different processes occur in the tank (evaporation, fuel oxidation), which must be taken into account when developing these tanks. But if we compare the tank device with a motor, or at least with a power system, then it will seem primitive.
Now you know how the fuel tank works, what is its volume in cars and trucks, and why it is so small in small cars. Against the background of all this, the tendency to reduce the capacity of the tank in modern
It would seem that there can be nothing tricky inside the fuel tank - after all, it is just a container for gasoline or diesel fuel, perhaps especially durable and resistant to hydrocarbons. But it seems so only at first glance
The fuel tank has a shape determined by the design of the vehicle. Often it, being a single volume, is, in fact, two connected containers. For what? The fuel supply is a significant load for a car, approximately equal to the weight of one passenger, which is a lot. Of course, this "passenger" is modest in urban minicars: their tanks have a volume of 35-40 liters. Medium-sized sedans and hatchbacks have a tank capacity of 45-60 liters, heavy SUVs - 75-90 liters, commercial vans - 90-120 liters, and long-haul tractors - already 300-600 liters.
Half full or empty?
Tank placement is a challenging task for engineers. After all, you have to take into account the load on the car, which, when refueling under a traffic jam, can fall on one side. You have to somehow divide the tank, turning it into a kind of butterfly in shape. Well, or positioned so that even when fully refueled, other devices compensate for the load on one of the sides. When choosing the location of the tank, the risk of damage in a collision is also taken into account.
The capacity of the tank is a conditional value, it is impossible to fill it up to the stop, there will be some air left in it. When the car rolls, fuel can overflow from side to side, and this is fraught with a dangerous situation. We all know from the theoretical course of a driving school which of the tankers is more prone to capsizing: filled to the top or half empty. A significant mass of fuel, moving inside the tank, can also upset the balance of the machine. How do they deal with it? Partitions are made inside the tank to prevent overflow - their dimensions and location are carefully calculated.
Each tank is equipped with a ventilation system. In the heat, the fuel tends to evaporate, and the increased vapor pressure can even break the tank. And when gasoline or diesel fuel is produced, the pressure in the tank drops - it can flatten. The ventilation system not only prevents this, but also traps fuel vapors, preventing them from escaping into the atmosphere. A special valve prevents fuel from spilling when the vehicle rolls over or rolls heavily.
In modern tanks, as a rule, an electric fuel pump module is also built in. It is important to remember: pumps for modern car power systems do not like to run “dry”, because of this they quickly fail. Therefore, do not let the fuel run out completely, try to refuel as soon as the reserve light comes on, because the fuel pump is not cheap, and even the cost of replacing it ...
Do you smell?
In most cases, the pump module can be accessed from inside a car (often with the rear seat removed or raised). But it happens that you have to remove the entire tank from the car, and this is almost impossible without a lift or a garage pit. However, sometimes the pump works properly, but the tank still needs to be dismantled due to damage. How so, you ask, because it is very durable? It's true, but ... A bad head can break even more.
In my practice, there were three significant cases. In the first, the owner of the “middle-aged” already foreign car complained about the rattle from under the bottom while driving. It seemed to her that the muffler sagged and touched the asphalt. Having looked under the bottom with a flashlight, I found that one of the steel bands on which the fuel tank hung had burst from old age and corrosion! Naturally, it was impossible to fix the malfunction on the street, and we drove slowly and carefully to the nearest service. Fortunately, we were able to repair the damaged tape, rather than looking for a new one.
Another situation: once in the country, I felt a strong smell of gasoline emanating from the car. It was a wake-up call: it shouldn't smell like that. Looking under the bottom, I saw that fuel was actively dripping from a hole in the bottom of the tank. Broke? No, it looks like someone was trying to drain the gasoline in my absence: the hole was like a chisel, a random stone “caught” on the highway will not leave such. Then it was possible to “unroll” the hole a little, drain the remaining fuel, remove the fuel intake, get into the tank with a hand and close the hole with a “sandwich” of a bolt with a nut and four washers (two steel and two rubber). "Sandwich", I must say, served for several years.
But in the third case, the tank of the SUV was pierced in "combat" conditions, and despite the fact that it was covered from below with reliable steel protection. Removing it showed that gasoline was leaking from under the rivet, which apparently secures the internal partition. No one undertook to weld the place of damage: the craftsmen are afraid to approach gas tanks with a welding machine, even if the tank has lain empty or filled with water for a week (everyone is well aware of the consequences of an explosion of fuel vapors). And a new tank, even without fuel equipment, costs 30-40 thousand rubles. It was possible to manage at lower costs: the damage was sealed with a “cold welding” compound.
sledgehammer strike
Fuel tanks are made of steel, aluminum or special plastic (polyethylene). How durable is plastic? I learned about this from the story of an employee of the UAZ plant. When a single 68-liter tank was developed for the Patriot instead of two 36-liter tanks located on the sides, multilayer plastic was proposed as a material. The commission that accepted the sample doubted its strength. One of its representatives was offered a sledgehammer: they say, hit with all your might and see what happens. He hit - and the sledgehammer rebounded, almost injuring him. Buck was unharmed.
Why do we stand up for the strength of the tank so much? That's right, we are afraid of an explosion of fuel in case of damage. But it is not so much an explosion that is dangerous, but a spill of the same gasoline and a large burning area, because it is not gasoline that burns, but its vapors. In addition, they are very difficult to extinguish. The same applies to diesel fuel: its vapors do not flare up as readily as gasoline ones, but it is even more difficult to extinguish spilled diesel fuel.
Which board to drive up to the column at the gas station? The filler neck can be located either on the right or on the left, this is indicated by a small arrow near the gas station symbol on the instrument panel (although sometimes it is not there). Cars with a tank mouth on the left, I call professional for myself, the rest are designed for white-handed women and tanker services.
Do not forget to close the neck cover and lock the hatch. Cases of fuel drain by intruders are still not uncommon. Although sometimes the tank is so cleverly arranged that it is problematic to pump out fuel. So you can’t help a friend in a difficult situation.
Refueling "pistols" of diesel dispensers have different sizes. The larger ones are designed for the filler necks of heavy trucks. The necks of some pickups can also have a similar diameter, then refueling under a cork on a cargo column will last a matter of seconds, which is convenient in cold winters. And in commercial vans, on the contrary, there are "passenger" necks - such a paradox.
An interesting fact can be reported about such fuel tanks as airfield refueling tanks. They have a special device called Dead Man's Switch. When filling the tank at the oil depot, the driver or foreman is obliged to manually interrupt the fuel supply every few minutes, then start it again. This is done so that the system “understands”: the filling is under the control of a person, he is alive, everything is in order with him. If you do not interrupt the filling in time, it will be turned off automatically.
Reservoirs and tanks are used to transport and store various types of fuels, oil, water and gas, some building materials, chemicals, and foodstuffs. Many do not know how to calculate the volume of a container, because they can have a different geometric shape:
- Cone;
- cylinder;
- Spheres;
- Rectangular parallelepiped.
In our article, we will get acquainted with the nuances of the calculation for specific geometric bodies.
How to find out the volume of a rectangular container
In the field of construction, all volume indicators are reduced to specific values. Calculations can be made in liters or dm 3 , but most often cubic meters are used to determine the amount of a material. How to calculate the cubature of the simplest rectangular containers will be described further with a specific example.
For work, we need a container, a construction tape measure and a notebook with a pen or pencil for calculations. From the course of geometry it is known that the volume of such bodies is calculated by multiplying the length, width and height of the product. The calculation formula is as follows
V=a*b*c, where a, b and c are the sides of the container.
For example, the length of our product is 150 centimeters, the width is 80 centimeters, and the height is 50 centimeters. For the correct calculation of the cubature, we translate the indicated values into meters and carry out the necessary calculations V = 1.5 * 0.8 * 0.5 = 0.6 m3.
How to determine the volume of a spherical product
Spherical products are found in our lives almost every day. It can be a bearing element, a soccer ball or the writing part of a ballpoint pen. In some cases, we need to know how to calculate the cubature of a sphere to determine the amount of liquid in it.
According to experts, to calculate the volume of this figure, the formula is used V=4/3ԉr3, Where:
- V is the calculated volume of the part;
- R is the radius of the sphere;
- ԉ is a constant value equal to 3.14.
To carry out the necessary calculations, we need to take a tape measure, fix the beginning of the measuring scale and measure it, and the tape tape must pass along the equator of the ball. After that, the diameter of the part is found out by dividing the size by the number ԉ.
And now let's get acquainted with a specific example of calculating for a sphere if its circumference is 2.5 meters. First, we determine the diameter of 2.5 / 3.14 \u003d 0.8 meters. Now we substitute this value into the formula:
V= (4*3.14*0.8³)/3=2.14m³
How to calculate the volume of a tank made in the form of a cylinder
Similar geometric shapes are used for food storage, fuel transportation and other purposes. Many do not know how to calculate the volume of water, but we will describe the main nuances of such a process later in our article.
The height of the liquid in a cylindrical container is determined by a special device called a measuring rod. In this case, the capacity of the tank is calculated according to special tables. Products with special tables for measuring volume are rare in life, so let's approach the solution of the problem in a different way and describe how to calculate the volume of a cylinder using a special formula - V \u003d S * L, where
- V is the volume of the geometric body;
- S is the cross-sectional area of the product in specific units of measurement (m³);
- L is the length of the tank.
The L indicator can be measured using the same tape measure, but the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe cylinder will have to be calculated. The S index is calculated by the formula S=3.14*d*d/4, where d is the diameter of the cylinder circumference.
Now let's take a look at a specific example. Let's say the length of our tank is 5 meters, its diameter is 2.8 meters. First, we calculate the cross-sectional area of the geometric figure S = 3.14 * 2.8 * 2.8 / 4 = 6.15m. And now you can start calculating the volume of the tank 6.15 * 5 = 30.75 m³.
" The fuel tank seems to be filled more than its rated capacity!!!" "Never happened!!!"
Every driver, most likely, went through such an experience. Especially when refueling the car on a full tank, some drivers sometimes doubt the required amount of fuel. Especially when the amount of remaining fuel and filled fuel exceeds the capacity of the fuel tank officially specified by the car manufacturers. However, if such a difference is only 5-10 liters, this is natural. Because the tank was originally designed to be larger than the nominal fuel tank capacity listed in the owner's manual.
Therefore, when the above situation occurs, there is no need to get lost, you just need tocheck the actual difference from the rated capacity.
1. Official fuel tank capacity (nominal capacity)
① The “rated capacity” of passenger cars is designed to drive cars around *600km at 80-100km/h on highways. Rated capacity is based on fuel efficiency and vehicle body weight and therefore varies by vehicle model and engine size.
*Approximately 600 km based on driving calculation assuming the driver drives the car 5-6 hours a day at a speed of 100 km without physical fatigue (based on 1 refueling per day).
② Why can the car drive another 50-60 km even when the fuel indicator light is on?
The indicator light has been designedwith reserve capacity so that the driver can reach the next service area (gas station) (average distance between service areas is about 50-60 km) on the highway, about 10% of the fuel tank capacity.
2. Why is the actual capacity larger than the rated capacity?
If the nominalcapacity of the fuel tank is 65ℓ, its actual capacity is about 75ℓ. Since in the manufacture of the fuel tank, the car manufacturer took into account the free capacity, 10-15% of the nominal capacity. The reason for this is as follows:
①It is designed to prevent the release of volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) in the case of an increase in volume caused by an increase in air temperature. If the fuel tank is filled to capacity, there is a risk that, due to the increase in internal temperature and therefore internal pressure, fuel may leak out.
②Also, reserve space is left in the tank to prevent fuel leakage when the car is parked on an incline with a full tank. This is called "reserve capacity to increase"
(Note) ¹ Saving the filling volume LPG car fuel tanks (85%)
If you raise the LPG temperature
in the liquid state, its volume increases. Therefore, when filling LPG into a container, it is regulated that the temperature of the container is kept below 40℃ and LPG in the liquid state is filled to 85% of the container volume (90% in case of reservoir tank).
asks: Evgenia Selezneva.
Essence of the question Q: What is the capacity of the fuel tank?
We have two Duster SUVs in our family at once. In the version with all-wheel drive, the tank holds 50 liters, on the monodrive - 60. It has been tested more than once at the same gas station. According to the documents, there is a volume of "50", moreover, for all versions at once. But the capacity of the Renault Duster fuel tank with a monodrive will be larger in any case. What is it equal to?
The volume of the Renault Duster fuel tank according to the passport is 60 liters!
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I own a Renault Megan 2 car, before that there were Citroens and Peugeots. I work in the service area of the dealership, so I know the device of the car "from and to". You can always turn to me for advice.
Know that in reality the tank volume of Duster crossovers is 60 liters. This also applies to the 4x4 version, where, according to the reader, 50 liters of fuel are placed. There is one little trick - you need to fill the tank gradually. At the maximum filling speed, a plug often forms. It covers those same 10 liters. Therefore, the number "50" is written in the documentation.
If the filling rate is equal to 40 ml / s, you can get an "extra" 10 liters even on the 4x4 version.
Designations:
- 4WD tank - "16" (photo 1);
- 2WD tank - "15" (photo 2).
If you filled in not high-quality, but rinse the gas tank.
4WD version and its features
You can study how the tank of an all-wheel drive crossover works. A thin tube (top) goes to the neck, through which air is removed.
Two tubes are connected to the neck
The upper tube can be blocked, and the volume of the tank will not change, but the air lock will dissolve slowly.
So, we found out that the volume of the Renault Duster fuel tank is the same in all versions. The exact value is 60 liters. There can be no other options.
For general development
Do not confuse two different concepts. The tank of each car is equipped with a vapor tube. And also, if required, there is a branch pipe in the design to remove the air plug. It was he who was shown in the photo above.
Gas tank of ZIL and GAZ trucks
For all trucks, even for domestic ones, everything is about the same: there are two different tubes through which air is vented. The steam outlet is marked with the number "5". It is connected to a tube that goes under the cab. And pipe “2” has nothing to do with fuel vapors - it is needed to eliminate the plug.
If the pipe "2" is clogged, nothing bad will happen. The cork diverges in the volume of the tank, even if it is not helped. Simply, this process is slow.
Video example: a rare case with a level sensor error
